methomyl profile

Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	4109
CHEMBL ID	3085419
MeSH ID	M0013592

Synonym
nudrin
mesomile
DIVK1C_006638
KBIO1_001582
lannate
SPECTRUM_001911
methomyl
16752-77-5
KBIO2_002446
KBIO2_005014
KBIO2_007582
KBIOGR_001181
KBIOSS_002453
KBIO3_001961
SPBIO_001744
SPECTRUM2_001872
SPECPLUS_000542
SPECTRUM3_000851
SPECTRUM4_000691
CHEMBL3085419
s-methyl n-[n'-methylcarbamoyloxy]thioacetimidate
methyl n-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethanimidothioate
s-methyl n-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]thioacetimidate
AKOS028108435
methomyl 100 microg/ml in cyclohexane
methomyl 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane
(e)-methyl n-methylcarbamoyloxyethanimidothioate
Q423398

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Methomyl is a widely used carbamate insecticide that has traditionally been applied as a foliar spray. "	( Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects. Desaeger, JA; Leighty, R; Portillo, H; Rivera, M, 2011)	2.21
"Methomyl is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide that has a variety of toxic effects on humans and animals. "	( Toxic effects of methomyl on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. Gao, Q; He, D; Hou, L; Jin, Q; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Xu, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, S, 2022)	2.5
"Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide widely used in pesticides. "	( [A case of intramuscular injection of methomyl poisoning]. Chen, J; Cheng, B; Hu, WJ; Liao, GH; Wang, KY; Yu, HY, 2022)	2.44
"Methomyl is a widely used carbamate pesticide, which has adverse biological effects and poses a serious threat to ecological environments and human health. "	( High-efficiency degradation of methomyl by the novel bacterial consortium MF0904: Performance, structural analysis, metabolic pathways, and environmental bioremediation. Bhatt, P; Chen, S; Chen, SF; Chen, WJ; Huang, Y; Lei, Q; Lin, Z; Mishra, S; Pang, S; Wang, H, 2023)	2.64
"Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide with confirmed testicular toxicity. "	( Toxicity of methomyl insecticides to testicular cells and protective effect of folic acid. Liu, Y; Lu, M, 2023)	2.73
"Methomyl (MET) is a carbamate insecticide which is used as a substitute for organophosphorus compounds to protect crops against insects. "	( Induction of hyperpigmentation and heat shock protein 70 response to the toxicity of methomyl insecticide during the organ development of the Arabian toad, Seleem, AA, 2019)	2.18
"Methomyl is a widely used carbamate insecticide and environmental oestrogen that has adverse effects on the reproductive system. "	( Oxidative stress induced by methomyl exposure reduces the quality of early embryo development in mice. Gao, Q; Han, G; He, D; Jin, Q; Sun, J; Xu, Y; Zhang, X, 2022)	2.46
"Methomyl (MET) is a carbamate insecticide that has been widely used to protect the crop against insects as an alternative for organophosphorus insecticide. "	( Teratogenicity and neurotoxicity effects induced by methomyl insecticide on the developmental stages of Bufo arabicus. Seleem, AA, )	1.82
"Methomyl is a reversible non-competitive inhibitor of AChE. "	( [Effects of methomyl on acetylcholinesterase in erythrocyte membrane and various brain areas]. Li, T; Shi, N; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Zhang, C; Zhao, F, 2015)	2.24
"Methomyl-alphamethrin is a mixture of carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. "	( Methomyl-alphamethrin poisoning presented with cholinergic crisis, cortical blindness, and delayed peripheral neuropathy. Deng, JF; Hu, YH; Wu, ML; Yang, CC, 2010)	3.25
"Methomyl is a widely used carbamate insecticide. "	( Mortality rate and pattern following carbamate methomyl poisoning. Comparison with organophosphate poisoning of comparable toxicity. Jeung, KW; Jung, YH; Lee, BK; Lee, HY, 2011)	2.07
"Methomyl carbamate is a pesticide widely used in the control of insects. "	( Role of selenium on antioxidant capacity in methomyl-treated mice. El-Khawaga, OA, 2005)	2.03
"Methomyl is a highly toxic carbamate insecticide which is widely used in many agricultural countries. "	( Shift in FTIR spectrum patterns in methomyl-exposed rat spleen cells. Dusitsin, N; Posayanonda, T; Sindhuphak, R; Sinhaseni, P; Suramana, T, 2001)	2.03

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Methomyl has a low-to-moderate sorption capacity to soil."	( Environmental fate and toxicology of methomyl. Deng, X; Tjeerdema, RS; Van Scoy, AR; Yue, M, 2013)	1.38
"Methomyl toxicity has been reported as a cause of several accidental and suicidal fatalities. "	( Methomyl induced effect on fortilin and S100A1 in serum and cardiac tissue: Potential biomarkers of toxicity. Joukhan, AN; Nusair, SD; Rababa'h, AM; Rashaid, AB, 2019)	3.4
"Methomyl has both a low vapor pressure and Henry's law constant; hence, volatilization is not a major dissipation route from either water or moist or dry soils."	( Environmental fate and toxicology of methomyl. Deng, X; Tjeerdema, RS; Van Scoy, AR; Yue, M, 2013)	1.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Methomyl exposure can increase oxidative stress and impair mitochondrial function, which may be the cause of blastocyst formation."	( Oxidative stress induced by methomyl exposure reduces the quality of early embryo development in mice. Gao, Q; Han, G; He, D; Jin, Q; Sun, J; Xu, Y; Zhang, X, 2022)	1.74
"Methomyl exposure can cause direct myocardial injury and reversible cardiac dysfunction."	( Evaluation of cardiac function using transthoracic echocardiography in patients with myocardial injury secondary to methomyl poisoning. Cha, KC; Cha, YS; Cho, NH; Go, J; Hwang, SO; Kim, H; Kim, OH; Kim, TH; Lee, DK; Lee, KH, 2015)	1.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nine chemicals, with a range from extremely to slightly toxic, were used to measure the oral LD50 in both fasted (24-h) and non-fasted rats."	( The effects of fasting on the acute oral toxicity of nine chemicals in the rat. Dashiell, OL; Kennedy, GL, 1984)	0.27
"The toxic effect of methomyl was studied in rats after a single or repeated oral administration."	( Increase in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-4 and splenocyte toxicity in methomyl-treated rats. Lohitnavy, O; Sinhaseni, P, 1998)	0.86
" All remained toxic down to very low-pesticide concentrations and in some bioassays were still toxic after total disappearance of the pesticide."	( Toxicity assays: a way for evaluating AOPs efficiency. Agüera, A; Cáceres, J; Fernández-Alba, AR; Hernando, D; Malato, S, 2002)	0.31
" Avermectin was extremely harmful to O sokolowskii but slightly toxic to C plutellae, while chlorfluazuron was more toxic to C plutellae than to O sokolowskii."	( Evaluation of selective toxicity of five pesticides against Plutella xylostella (Lep: Plutellidae) and their side-effects against Cotesia plutellae (Hym: Braconidae) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hym: Eulophidae). Guo, SJ; Lin, WC; Liu, SS; Shi, ZH, 2004)	0.32
"The present study was designed to evaluate the protective potential of vitamin E, if any, in attenuating the toxic effects induced by acute methomyl treatment in rats."	( Role of vitamin E in mitigating methomyl induced acute toxicity in blood of male Wistar rats. Bansal, AK; Dhawan, DK; Garg, DP; Kiran, R; Malhotra, A, 2008)	0.83
" Both herbicides were innocuous to all test organisms at environmentally realistic concentrations, except for Stam and Propanil (highly toxic for Pseudokirchneriella; moderately toxic to Daphnia)."	( Toxicity evaluation of three pesticides on non-target aquatic and soil organisms: commercial formulation versus active ingredient. Antunes, SC; Castro, BB; Gonçalves, AM; Gonçalves, F; Marques, CR; Pereira, JL; Pereira, R, 2009)	0.35
" These toxic effects were not persistent (reversible)."	( Reproductive toxicity of methomyl insecticide in male rats and protective effect of folic acid. El Zorba, HY; Shalaby, MA; Ziada, RM, 2010)	0.66
" Water polluted by aldicarb and methomyl may have the potential adverse effects on the environment and human health."	( [Study on genotoxicity of aldicarb and methomyl]. Jin, YT; Pang, XL; Sun, XY; Wang, J; Wang, WQ; Wu, B, 2010)	0.91
" The evaluation of the chorion of the eggshell in this study has clarified the toxic effect of methomyl and cartap hydrochloride on eggs."	( Insecticide toxicity to the borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): developmental and egg-laying effects. Arcanjo, LP; Costa, ÁH; Ferreira, DO; Martins, JC; Picanço, MC; Serrão, JE; Silva, RS; Soares, JRS, 2018)	0.7
" Thus the present study aims to evaluate the potential toxic effects of MET on the developmental stages of Bufo arabicus."	( Teratogenicity and neurotoxicity effects induced by methomyl insecticide on the developmental stages of Bufo arabicus. Seleem, AA, )	0.38
"The aim of the present study was to estimate the potential toxic effects of a subacute and a subchronic exposure to methomyl (MET) on some parts of the digestive system in male albino rats."	( Subacute and subchronic methomyl exposure induced toxic effects on intestines via oxidative stress in male albino rats: biochemical and histopathological study. Ainouz, L; Baz, A; Chabane, K; Giaimis, J; Khene, MA; Mameri, S; Zaida, F, 2022)	1.24
"Pesticides have adverse effects on the cellular functionality, which may trigger myriad of health consequences."	( Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Al-Khedhairy, AA; Alwathnani, HA; Ansari, SM; Musarrat, J; Saquib, Q; Siddiqui, MA, 2021)	0.9
"Methomyl is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide that has a variety of toxic effects on humans and animals."	( Toxic effects of methomyl on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. Gao, Q; He, D; Hou, L; Jin, Q; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Xu, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, S, 2022)	2.5
" Conclusively, the results indicated the possible interaction between both compounds with subsequent toxic effects that differ from their single exposure."	( Neurotoxicity of singular and combined exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to methomyl and copper sulphate at environmentally relevant levels: Assessment of neurotransmitters, neural stress, oxidative injury and histopathological changes. Elbahnaswy, S; Habotta, OA; Ibrahim, I, 2022)	0.95

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Comparison of this method with solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and single-drop microextraction, indicates that DLLME combined with HPLC-VWD is a simple, fast, and low-cost method for the determination of methomyl, and thus has tremendous potential in trace analysis of methomyl in natural waters."	( Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of methomyl in natural waters. Li, Y; Wang, X; Wei, G, 2007)	0.73

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To show the importance of physicochemical properties, the classic QSAR and CoMFA of neonicotinoids and prediction of bioavailability of pesticides in terms of membrane permeability in comparison with drugs are described."	( Importance of physicochemical properties for the design of new pesticides. Akamatsu, M, 2011)	0.37

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The use of non-fasted rats in acute oral toxicity determinations allows both the establishment of relative potency and the estimation of dosage levels for further repeated dose oral studies."	( The effects of fasting on the acute oral toxicity of nine chemicals in the rat. Dashiell, OL; Kennedy, GL, 1984)	0.27
" At a dosage of 100 mg/kg BW, atropine was mildly toxic and at 200 mg/kg 2-PAM was severely toxic (but not lethal), whereas at dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively, the antidotes were at their most effective."	( New treatment regimens in organophosphate (diazinon) and carbamate (methomyl) insecticide-induced toxicosis in fowl. Bellaiche, M; Ershov, E; Hanji, V; Shlosberg, A, 1997)	0.53
" At the end of the dosing period, hair from the back of the rabbits was cut off, and the methomyl concentration was measured using ELISA and HPLC."	( Pesticide deposition in hair: preliminary results of a model study of methomyl incorporation into rabbit hair. Dolapsakis, GP; Michalodimitrakis, MN; Psaroudakis, K; Tsatsakis, AM; Tutudaki, MI; Tzatzarakis, MN, 1998)	0.76
"The function of the neuromuscular transmission in rats dosed with phoxim (P), methomyl (M), fenvalerate (F), and mixtures of P+M and P+F was studied by using both the stimulation single fiber electromyography (SSFEMG) and repetitive nerve stimulations (RNS) to determine the single muscle fiber action potential and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) respectively."	( Repetitive nerve stimulation and stimulation single fiber electromyography studies in rats intoxicated with single or mixed insecticides. He, F; Li, T; Yang, D, 2001)	0.54
" Acute pancreatitis occurred 24 to 72 hours after dosing and was characterized by painless abdominal paralytic ileus and vomiting."	( Acute pancreatitis subsequent to voluntary methomyl and dichlorvos intoxication. Abidi, N; Amamou, M; Blel, Y; Brahmi, N; Kouraichi, N; Thabet, H, 2005)	0.59
" Despite the differences in dynamics between methamidophos and methomyl, their dose-response curves were close to parallel, and dose addition gave a reasonably accurate prediction of the combined effects."	( Toxicodynamic analysis of the inhibition of isolated human acetylcholinesterase by combinations of methamidophos and methomyl in vitro. Bosgra, S; Langenberg, JP; Slob, W; van der Schans, MJ; van Eijkeren, JC, 2009)	0.8
" Dose-response regression lines from the mortality data established LC50 and LC99 values by both techniques."	( Baseline susceptibility of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from California to select insecticides. Castle, SJ; Gispert, C; Prabhaker, N, 2012)	0.38
" To evaluate age-related differences in the biochemical and behavioral impacts of two typical N-methyl carbamate pesticides, we systematically compared their dose-response and time-course in preweanling (postnatal day, PND, 18) and adult male Brown Norway rats (n=9-10/dose or time) ranging from adolescence to senescence (1, 4, 12, 24 mo)."	( Assessment of biochemical and behavioral effects of carbaryl and methomyl in Brown-Norway rats from preweaning to senescence. McDaniel, KL; Moser, VC; Phillips, PM, 2015)	0.65
" Using the extracts of Vicia faba treated with Lannate-90® to treat human lymphocytes, a dose-response relationship was observed."	( Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures. Calderón-Segura, ME; Cortés-Eslava, J; Gómez-Arroyo, S; Milić, M; Olivares, JL; Sánchez-Alarcón, J; Valencia-Quintana, R; Villalobos-Pietrini, R; Waliszewski, SM, 2016)	0.43

Role	Description
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor	An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor	An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).
acaricide	A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks).
nematicide	A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Nematoda (roundworms).
xenobiotic	A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
environmental contaminant	Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
insecticide	Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.
agrochemical	An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
carbamate ester	Any ester of carbamic acid or its N-substituted derivatives.
aliphatic sulfide
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (139)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1111629	Insecticidal activity against Spodoptera exigua infested tomato assessed as mortality applied through foliar spray after 72 hr	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111666	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as root dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.33 +/- 0.075 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1090608	Larvicidal activity against Mythimna separata (Oriental armyworm) in compound treated corn leaves at 5 mg/L at 25 +/- 1 degC measured after 4 days	2007	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-04, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Insecticidal benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamate: a new propesticide with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates.
AID1111735	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root fresh weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.83 +/	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111669	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant fresh weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 9.4 +/- 0.54 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111621	Phytotoxicity in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) assessed as foliar edge burn at 200 ug/mL applied through foliar spray after 5 weeks	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111688	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as emergence at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 3.3%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111716	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as emergence at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 83 +/- 5	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111645	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) root assessed as root dry weight at 0.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.36 +/- 0.071 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111700	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as shoot dry weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111633	Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) infested cotton assessed as mortality applied through foliar spray after 5 days	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111636	Insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) infested tomato assessed as mortality applied through foliar spray after 5 days	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1110982	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Spodoptera exigua infested compound-treated leaf assessed as reduction in feeding damage at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay relative to untreated control	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1090603	Larvicidal activity against Mythimna separata (Oriental armyworm) in compound treated corn leaves at 100 mg/L at 25 +/- 1 degC measured after 4 days	2007	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-04, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Insecticidal benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamate: a new propesticide with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates.
AID1111747	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (R	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111656	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as emergence at 3.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 16%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111720	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as emergence at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 83 +/- 5%	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111703	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as shoot dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111672	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant fresh weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 3.9 +/- 0.83 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111632	Insecticidal activity against second-instar lymph stage of Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cotton assessed as mortality applied to soil after 6 days	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111740	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root fresh weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 4.3 +/	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1112037	Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for third-instar larvae of fufenozide-resistant Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) to LC50 for third-instar larvae of fufenozide-susceptible Plutella xylostella	2012	Pest management science, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Cross-resistance patterns and fitness in fufenozide-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
AID1090609	Larvicidal activity against Mythimna separata (Oriental armyworm) in compound treated corn leaves at 10 mg/L at 25 +/- 1 degC measured after 4 days	2007	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-04, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Insecticidal benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamate: a new propesticide with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates.
AID1111676	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant height at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 6.2 +/- 0.6 cm)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111741	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as plant fresh weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 4.3 +	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111701	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as shoot dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111640	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) root assessed as root dry weight at 3.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.36 +/- 0.071 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111667	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as root dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.33 +/- 0.075 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111677	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant height at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 6.2 +/- 0.6 cm)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111627	Insecticidal activity against Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) infested cabbage assessed as mortality applied through foliar spray after 72 hr	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111742	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as plant fresh weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 4.3 +/	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111641	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) root assessed as root dry weight at 2.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.36 +/- 0.071 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111692	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as root dry weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1081779	Insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) fed with compound pre-treated sweet corn foliage 3 hr after compound application assessed as induction of mortality on day 1 and 2 post compound application	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Flufenerim, a novel insecticide acting on diverse insect pests: biological mode of action and biochemical aspects.
AID1111668	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as root dry weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.33 +/- 0.075 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111670	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant fresh weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 9.4 +/- 0.54 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111631	Insecticidal activity against Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) infested beans assessed as mortality applied to soil after 7 days	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1111749	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (R	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111694	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as root dry weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.5 +/- 0.052	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111689	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as emergence at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 3.3%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111733	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root fresh weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.83 +	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111634	Insecticidal activity against second-instar lymph stage of Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cotton assessed as mortality applied through foliar spray after 6 days	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111663	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as root dry weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 2 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID425000	Insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella treated as topical application	2009	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 72, Issue:5	Alkaloids from the roots of Stemona aphylla.
AID1111711	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditi	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111630	Insecticidal activity against Spodoptera exigua infested tomato assessed as mortality applied to soil after 72 hr	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111748	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as emergence at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 75 +/- 13%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111661	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as emergence at 0.56 kg ai/ha under green house conditions applied to soil (Rvb = 70 +/- 16%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111687	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as emergence at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 3.3%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111628	Insecticidal activity against Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) infested cabbage assessed as mortality applied to soil after 72 hr	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111756	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as emergence at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 75 +/- 13%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1110969	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) infested compound-treated leaf assessed as reduction in feeding damage at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay relative to untreated control	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1111664	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as root dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 2 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111681	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant height at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 9.6 +/- 1.5 cm)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111758	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested soil containing cucumber seeds assessed as mortality applied post seed germination measured after 7 days under green house conditions	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111686	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as emergence at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 3.3%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111637	Insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) infested tomato assessed as mortality applied to soil after 5 days	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1112017	Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as mortality at 1 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr	2011	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
AID1111006	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) infested compound-treated leaf assessed as time required to stop feeding at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay (Rvb = > 2880 min)	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1111659	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as emergence at 2.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 16%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111705	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as shoot dry weight at 1 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.84 +/- 0.18	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111695	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as root dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111728	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root dry weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.25 +/-	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111683	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as emergence at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC relative to untreated control	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111644	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) root assessed as root dry weight at 1.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.36 +/- 0.071 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111635	Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) infested cotton assessed as mortality applied to soil after 5 days	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111702	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as shoot dry weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.84 +/- 0.18	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111657	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as emergence at 1.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 16%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111624	Phytotoxicity in Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) assessed as concentration required to cause foliar edge burn applied to soil after 3 weeks	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111746	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rv	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1110961	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) infested compound-treated leaf assessed as time required to stop feeding at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay (Rvb = > 2880 min)	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1111718	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as emergence at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 83 +/- 5%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111682	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant height at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 9.6 +/- 1.5 cm)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1090607	Larvicidal activity against Mythimna separata (Oriental armyworm) in compound treated corn leaves at 2.5 mg/L at 25 +/- 1 degC measured after 4 days	2007	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-04, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Insecticidal benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamate: a new propesticide with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates.
AID1111761	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality at 20 mg ai/L after 48 to 72 hr relative to control	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111708	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditi	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111653	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as plant dry weight at 0.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.20 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1112039	Insecticidal activity against third-instar larvae of fufenozide-resistant Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) assessed as mortality by leaf-dip bioassay method	2012	Pest management science, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Cross-resistance patterns and fitness in fufenozide-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
AID1111626	Phytotoxicity in Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) assessed as concentration required to cause foliar edge burn applied to soil after 4 weeks	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111713	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 1 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 7	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111759	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality after 72 hr	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111651	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as plant dry weight at 2.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.20 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111673	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant fresh weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 3.9 +/- 0.83 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1091135	Inhibition of AChE in drug-resistant Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) fourth-instar larvae homogenates using acetylthiocholine iodide substrate by colorimetric method	1994	Metal-based drugs, , Volume: 1, Issue:1	Insecticidal Effects of Organotin(IV) Compounds on Plutella Xylostella (L.) Larvae. II. Inhibitory Potencies Against Acetylcholinesterase and Evidence for Synergism in Tests With Bacillus Thuringiensis(BER.) and Malathion.
AID1111760	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality after 48 hr	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111710	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 7	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111697	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as root dry weight at 1 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.5 +/- 0.052	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111649	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as plant dry weight at 1.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.20 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111650	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as plant dry weight at 2.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.20 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111658	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as emergence at 2.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 16%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1111734	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root fresh weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.83 +	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111757	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as emergence at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 75 +/- 13%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111652	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as plant dry weight at 1.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.20 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1081778	Insecticidal activity against adult Bemisia tabaci biotype B (sweet potato whitefly) reared on compound-pretreated cotton seedlings assessed as insect mortality at 0.5 mg/L of active ingredient measured 48 hr post compound dose	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Flufenerim, a novel insecticide acting on diverse insect pests: biological mode of action and biochemical aspects.
AID1081777	Insecticidal activity against Spodoptera littorali first-instar stages grown on compound pre-treated cotton leaves assessed as insect mortality at 0.5 mg/L of active ingredient measured 72 hr post compound dose	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Flufenerim, a novel insecticide acting on diverse insect pests: biological mode of action and biochemical aspects.
AID1111725	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root dry weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.25 +/-	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111693	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as root dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.5	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1091134	Insecticidal activity against drug-resistant Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) fourth-instar larvae exposed to compound through topical application followed by transfer onto fresh Brassica leaves assessed as insect mortality measured 48 hr post compo	1994	Metal-based drugs, , Volume: 1, Issue:1	Insecticidal Effects of Organotin(IV) Compounds on Plutella Xylostella (L.) Larvae. II. Inhibitory Potencies Against Acetylcholinesterase and Evidence for Synergism in Tests With Bacillus Thuringiensis(BER.) and Malathion.
AID1111680	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant height at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 9.6 +/- 1.5 cm)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111726	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root dry weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.25 +/-	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111712	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditio	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111755	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as plant emergence at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 75 +/- 13	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111732	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root fresh weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.83 +/	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1110990	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) infested compound-treated leaf assessed as time required to stop feeding at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay (Rvb = > 2880 min)	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1111625	Phytotoxicity in Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) assessed as concentration required to cause foliar edge burn applied through foliar spray after 4 weeks	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111754	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as emergence at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 75 +/- 13%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111739	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as plant fresh weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 4.3 +/	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111662	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as root dry weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 2 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111671	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant fresh weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 9.4 +/- 0.54 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1081780	Insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) fed with compound pre-treated sweet corn foliage 3 hr after compound application assessed as induction of mortality on day 0 post compound application	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Flufenerim, a novel insecticide acting on diverse insect pests: biological mode of action and biochemical aspects.
AID1111721	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as emergence at 1 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured during planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 83 +/- 5%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111648	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as plant dry weight at 3.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.20 +/- 0.21 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111665	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as root dry weight at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.33 +/- 0.075 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111623	Phytotoxicity in Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) assessed as concentration required to cause foliar edge burn applied through foliar spray after 3 weeks	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111704	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as shoot dry weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 1.	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111719	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as emergence at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 83 +/- 5	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111675	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant fresh weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 3.9 +/- 0.83 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111622	Phytotoxicity in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) assessed as concentration required to cause foliar edge burn applied to soil after 5 weeks	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1110996	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) infested compound-treated leaf assessed as reduction in feeding damage at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay relative to untreated control	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1111727	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as root dry weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.25 +/-	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111685	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as emergence at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC relative to untreated control	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111717	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as emergence at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 83 +/- 5%	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111750	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected pea plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rv	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111679	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant height at 4 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 9.6 +/- 1.5 cm)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111660	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) plant assessed as emergence at 1.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 70 +/- 16%)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1112038	Insecticidal activity against third-instar larvae of fufenozide-susceptible Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) assessed as mortality by leaf-dip bioassay method	2012	Pest management science, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Cross-resistance patterns and fitness in fufenozide-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
AID1111709	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as reduction in root gall index at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditio	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1110954	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) infested compound-treated leaf assessed as reduction in feeding damage at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay relative to untreated control	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1111642	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) root assessed as root dry weight at 1.12 kg ai/ha applied to soil under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.36 +/- 0.071 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111643	Phytotoxicity in Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) root assessed as root dry weight at 2.56 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.36 +/- 0.071 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1091133	Inhibition of AChE in drug-sensitive Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) fourth-instar larvae homogenates using acetylthiocholine iodide substrate by colorimetric method	1994	Metal-based drugs, , Volume: 1, Issue:1	Insecticidal Effects of Organotin(IV) Compounds on Plutella Xylostella (L.) Larvae. II. Inhibitory Potencies Against Acetylcholinesterase and Evidence for Synergism in Tests With Bacillus Thuringiensis(BER.) and Malathion.
AID1091958	Hydrophobicity, log P of the compound in octanol-water by shaking-flask method	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Importance of physicochemical properties for the design of new pesticides.
AID1111674	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant fresh weight at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 14 days post planting at 27 degC under green house conditions (Rvb = 3.9 +/- 0.83 g)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1110974	Antifeedant activity against third-instar larval stage of Spodoptera exigua infested compound-treated leaf assessed as time required to stop feeding at 3341 mg a.i/L after 48 hr by leaf disk assay (Rvb = > 2880 min)	2009	Pest management science, Sep, Volume: 65, Issue:9	Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups.
AID1111684	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as emergence at 3 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC relative to untreated control	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111696	Nematicidal activity against second juvenile stage of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infected lima bean plant assessed as root dry weight at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting under green house conditions (Rvb = 0.5	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
AID1111678	Phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (pea) assessed as plant height at 2 kg ai/ha applied to soil measured up to 7 days post planting at 19 degC (Rvb = 6.2 +/- 0.6 cm)	2011	Pest management science, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	44 (14.72)	18.7374
1990's	44 (14.72)	18.2507
2000's	75 (25.08)	29.6817
2010's	100 (33.44)	24.3611
2020's	36 (12.04)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (1.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	31 (9.69%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.31%)	0.25%
Other	283 (88.44%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	1.97	1	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	1.96	1	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
benzene [no description available]	2.07	1	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
carbamates [no description available]	4.84	32	amino-acid anion
choline [no description available]	1.97	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.06	1	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.06	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.05	1	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	2.07	1	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	7.94	4	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	7.21	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	1.96	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
taurine [no description available]	7.41	1	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	1.97	1	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.07	1	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	2	1
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.53	2	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
phenytoin [no description available]	2.06	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.06	1	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acephate acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.	8.28	6	mixed diacylamine; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.06	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.06	1	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.06	1	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
theophylline [no description available]	2.06	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.06	1	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	7.77	3	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	7	1	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.	2.06	1	benzothiadiazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.07	1	benzamides
caffeine [no description available]	2.67	3	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.06	1	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.28	18	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	1.98	1	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.13	1	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlorpropham Chlorpropham: A carbamate that is used as an herbicide and as a plant growth regulator.. chlorpropham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid.	1.95	1	benzenes; carbamate ester; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide; plant growth retardant
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	3.97	12	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.06	1	clonidine; imidazoline
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	3.73	10	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.06	1	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.03	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	8.15	5	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
dichlobanil 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile : A nitrile that is benzonitrile which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 6. A cellulose synthesis inhibitor, it is used as a pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide.	2.06	1	dichlorobenzene; nitrile	agrochemical; cellulose synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.25	1	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	8.13	5	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	9.58	7	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
disulfoton Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.	1.94	1	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.06	1	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	2.43	2	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.	2.06	1	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	3.25	6	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	2.75	3	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	2.05	1	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	1.96	1	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.06	1	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.06	1	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.06	1	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	3.76	10	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	7.05	1	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	7.91	4	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.06	1	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.06	1	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.06	1	aromatic ether
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.06	1	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.06	1	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.06	1	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
prometryne Prometryne: A triazine used as a selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). prometryn : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylsulfanediyl group at position 6.	2.48	2	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
propanil Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.	7.69	3	anilide; dichlorobenzene	herbicide
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	8.08	5	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.06	1	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
ranitidine [no description available]	2.06	1	aralkylamine
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	2.05	1	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.02	1	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trifluralin Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.	2.06	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.06	1	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2.06	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.06	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.73	3	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	8.08	1	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.03	1	dialkyl phosphate
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	1.96	1	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.31	1	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.06	1	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	1.98	1	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.69	3	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.06	1	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	4.15	16	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	1.98	1	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	1.98	1	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.03	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tetraethyl lead Tetraethyl Lead: A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.. tetraethyllead : An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.	1.96	1	organolead compound
ethylbenzene [no description available]	1.98	1	alkylbenzene
bromobenzene [no description available]	1.96	1	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
morpholine [no description available]	1.98	1	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
adiponitrile [no description available]	1.96	1
obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.	1.98	1
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2.01	1	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
thiazoles [no description available]	2.41	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.17	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
paraoxon [no description available]	1.98	1	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
bromacil bromacil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromacil : A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.. 5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione : A pyrimidone that is pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a bromo group at position 5, a butan-2-yl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 6.	2.06	1	organobromine compound; pyrimidone
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.06	1	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.03	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorfenvinphos Chlorfenvinphos: An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide.	2	1	dichlorobenzene; organic phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	2.67	3	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	3.14	1	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
allethrins Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.06	1	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	pyrethroid ester insecticide
precocene ii precocene II: has antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antioxidant activities; from plants of genus Ageratum; an antiallotropin compound capable of inhibiting juvenile hormone biosynthesis	1.96	1	chromenes	precocenes
tetracosane tetracosane: a pure alkane compound. tetracosane : A straight-chain alkane containing 24 carbon atoms.	3.14	1	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
ametryne ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.01	1	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide
methidathion methidathion: widely used on citrus, tobacco, alfalfa, cotton, sorghum & several other crops	7.49	2	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	2.07	1	organooxygen compound
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.49	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
malaoxon malaoxon: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search MALATHION/AA (72-83). malaoxon : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malaoxon. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide malathion.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio group.	2.05	1	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.07	1	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
methiocarb Methiocarb: Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide.. methiocarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid.	2.73	3	aryl sulfide; carbamate ester; methyl sulfide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; molluscicide; xenobiotic
1,6-diaminohexane 1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.	1.96	1	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenylphosphonothioic acid, 2-ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl) ester Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide.	1.95	1	organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
phenthoate, (+-)-isomer phenthoate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. phenthoate : An organic thiophosphate that is ethyl mandelate in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.06	1	ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
asulam asulam: wild oat herbicide used in prairie regions for control of wild oats in cereal grains such as wheat; RN given refers to parent cpd. asulam : A carbamate ester that is methyl carbamate substituted by a (4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl group at the nitrogen atom. A dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor, it is used (normally as the corresponding sodium salt, asulam-sodium) as a herbicide, mainly for killing bracken.	2.06	1	carbamate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline; sulfonamide	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.42	2	thujene	plant metabolite
bpmc BPMC: structure. fenobucarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-sec-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.73	3	carbamate ester	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; insecticide
salithion salithion: causes irreversible ataxia in chicken, mice & sheep; structure in Pesticide Index, 5th ed, p.202	2.06	1	organic thiophosphate
acetylthiocholine Acetylthiocholine: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.	1.99	1
chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorpyrifos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.25	1	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
o,o-diethyl o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate [no description available]	2	1
1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin: structure given in first source	2.03	1
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	2.07	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.31	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	7.07	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.46	2	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	1.96	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.07	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.41	1	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	1.98	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
cadmium sulfate cadmium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-H2SO4	2.1	1	cadmium salt
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.46	2	titanium oxides	food colouring
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	2.42	2	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	1.96	1	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
carbamothioic acid, s,s'-(2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-propanediyl) ester carbamothioic acid, S,S'-(2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-propanediyl) ester: RN given refers to parent cpd; Padan refers to mono-HCl	2.46	2	nereistoxin analogue insecticide
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.13	1	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
3-hydroxycarbofuran 3-hydroxycarbofuran: main metabolite of carbofuran	2.15	1	1-benzofurans
3-ketocarbofuran [no description available]	2.15	1	benzofurans
benomyl [no description available]	1.95	1	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
iodofenphos [no description available]	1.98	1	organic thiophosphate
metribuzin metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.	8.48	2	1,2,4-triazines; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
cyanazine cyanazine: structure. cyanazine : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethyl amino and a (2-cyanopropan-2-yl)amino group at positions 6 and 4 respectively.	2.06	1	1,3,5-triazinylamino nitrile; chloro-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
formetanate formetanate: minor descriptor (72-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (72-85); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	2.06	1	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.07	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
pirimicarb pirimicarb: structure. pirimicarb : An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.01	1	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
alkenes [no description available]	2.97	4
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.1	1	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.	2.06	1	monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2.7	3	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	7.31	1	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.06	1
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.06	1	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	7.92	4	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.33	6	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties	2.03	1	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	7.31	1	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
fenpropathrin, (+-)-isomer fenpropathrin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. fenpropathrin : A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.06	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
triflumuron triflumuron: insect growth inhibitor	2.03	1	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
buprofezin buprofezin: tradename - Applaud; used for the control of homopterous insect pests; structure given in first source. (E)-buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has E configuration.. buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has Z configuration.	2.07	1	thiadiazinane; ureas
flucythrinate [no description available]	1.95	1
benfuracarb benfuracarb: a procarbamate insecticide	2.06	1	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester; ethyl ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
metaldehyde metaldehyde: polymer of acetaldehyde. metaldehyde : A member of the class of tetroxocanes that is 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane which carries four methyl groups at positions 2,4,6 and 8. It is a potent molluscicide and the active ingredient in most slug pellets used for crop protection.	1.97	1	tetroxocane	fuel; molluscicide
divinyl benzene [no description available]	2.04	1	styrenes
ethofenprox ethofenprox: synthetic pyrethroid for insecticidal efficacy against mosquito larvae & on non-target organisms. etofenprox : An aromatic ether that is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol.	2.43	2	aromatic ether	pyrethroid ether insecticide
azamethiphos [no description available]	2.68	3	organic thiophosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fluphenacur fluphenacur: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organofluorine compound
1,2-dibenzoyl-tert-butylhydrazine 1,2-dibenzoyl-tert-butylhydrazine: structure given in first source	2.47	2	bisacylhydrazine insecticide
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	7.02	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
chlorfluazuron chlorfluazuron: chitin synthesis inhibitor	2.42	2	benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine insecticide
hexafluoron hexafluoron: insect growth regulator against mosquito larva; the active agent in Sonet, a Russian product, is hexaflumuron. hexaflumuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine insecticide
tebufenozide tebufenozide: structure given in first source. tebufenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by tert-butyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl and 4-ethylbenzoyl groups respectively. It is an insecticide used widely against caterpillars.	2.47	2	carbohydrazide	ecdysone agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
chlorfenapyr chlorfenapyr: an experimental pour-on formulation, a new generation pyrethroid available to producers. chlorfenapyr : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.	2.81	3	hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	proacaricide; proinsecticide
novaluron novaluron: insecticide	2.48	2	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
cyfluthrin cyfluthrin: effective against mosquitoes. cyfluthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile.	2.06	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
methoxyfenozide methoxyfenozide: structure in first source. methoxyfenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl, and tert-butyl groups respectively.	2.99	4	carbohydrazide; monomethoxybenzene	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	7.9	2	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
penfluron [no description available]	2.03	1
indoxacarb indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.	2.49	2	methyl ester; organochlorine insecticide	voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
rh-0345 N-4-chlorobenzoyl-N'-benzoyl-N'-tert-butylhydrazine: structure in first source	2.06	1	bisacylhydrazine insecticide; monochlorobenzenes
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	2.05	1	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.06	1	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.55	2	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.25	1	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.47	2
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.25	1	phosphorothioic acid
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	3.1	5
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	3.05	4	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.03	1	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	1.97	1
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	1.96	1	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.41	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.07	1	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	6.96	1	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
n-methyl-n-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.	1.99	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide	chromatographic reagent
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	2.15	1
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	1.96	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.05	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	3.31	6	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
11-ketotestosterone 11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.	2.13	1	11-oxo steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
codeine [no description available]	2.21	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	2.13	1	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
muscalure muscalure: sex sttractant pheromone of housefly with formula C24H48, alkene hydrocarbon; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereochemistry; structure	2.97	4	tricosene
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	1.96	1	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2	1	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	7.21	1	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
thiamethoxam [no description available]	2.06	1
thiodicarb [no description available]	3.26	6
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.46	2	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.41	2	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	2.76	3	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	1.99	1	ammonium ion derivative
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	1.98	1	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
aldicarb sulfoxide aldicarb sulfoxide: metabolite of aldicarb	1.99	1
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	6.05	22
phoxim phoxim: structure	2.95	4
oxamyl oxamyl: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.88	12
metaflumizone metaflumizone: an insecticide	2.05	1	semicarbazone; stilbenoid
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	2.05	1
mk 936 [no description available]	2.47	2
medigoxin spirotetramat: for the control of a broad spectrum of sucking insects; structure in first source. spirotetramat : An azaspiro compound that is methoxycyclohexane which is fused at position 4 to the 5-position of a 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by 2,5-dimethylphenyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)oxy groups, respectively (the cis isomer). It is a proinsecticide (via hydrolysis of the ethyl carbonate group to give the corresponding 4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one, "spirotetramat-enol") and is used for the control of a wide range of sucking insects on fruit and potato crops.	2.15	1
chromafenozide chromafenozide: has partial ecdysone agonist activity; structure in first source	2.06	1	bisacylhydrazine insecticide
pydrin, (s-(r,r))-isomer [no description available]	2.46	2	fenvalerate	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.13	1
flubendiamide flubendiamide: activates ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channels in insects; structure in first source	2.17	1	organofluorine insecticide	ryanodine receptor modulator
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	3.01	4	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
emamectin benzoate emamectin benzoate: 4'-deoxy-4'-epi-methylamino derivative of avermectin B1; structure given in first source. emamectin : A mixture of emamectin B1a (major component) and emamectin B1b (minor component).	2.76	3	emamectins
cyantraniliprole cyantraniliprole: an insecticide; structure in first source. cyantraniliprole : A carboxamide that is chlorantraniliprole in which the chlorine atom attached to the phenyl ring has been replaced by a cyano group. A ryanodine receptor agonist, it is used as insecticide for the control of whitefly, thrips, aphids, fruitflies, and fruit worms in crops such as onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It is highly toxic to honeybees.	2.61	2	nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.13	1	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	3.14	5
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.44	2
eosine i bluish Eosine I Bluish: A red fluorescein dye used as a histologic stain. It may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, and inhibit certain mitochondrial functions.	2.05	1	organic sodium salt	fluorescent dye; histological dye
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	1.98	1	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	1.97	1	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
n-methylcarbamate N-methylcarbamate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.44	2	amino-acid anion
chitosan [no description available]	2.1	1
fufenozide fufenozide: non-steroidal ecdysone agonist	2.07	1
endrin Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.	1.96	1
spinetoram spinetoram: a second-generation spinosyn; insecticide	2.57	2	organic molecular entity
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.11	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
piroxicam [no description available]	2.06	1	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.48	2	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.57	2
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.13	1
pyrethrins [no description available]	4.71	28
imidacloprid (E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.	2.06	1	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	1.99	1
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	1.98	1	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	1.98	1	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.54	2	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	7.92	4	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
8-hydroxyguanosine 8-hydroxyguanosine: immunostimulant for B lymphocytes; structure given in first source	1.98	1	purine nucleoside
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	1.98	1	guanosines	biomarker
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.55	8	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
clothianidin clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.	7.41	1	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	2.02	1
eye [no description available]	1.95	1
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	1.98	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.41	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	8.16	5
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	2.21	1
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	7.21	1
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	2.21	1
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.31	1
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	3.74	10
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	2.46	2
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.08	1
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	2.46	2
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.08	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.26	6
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.94	4
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.11	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.11	1
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	2.11	1
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	2.67	3
Emesis [description not available]	2.11	1
Constricted Pupil [description not available]	2.11	1
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	3.08	5
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.11	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	2.11	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	2.11	1
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.11	1
Miosis Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.	2.11	1
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	2.49	2
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	7.49	2
Lock Jaw [description not available]	2.05	1
Avian Diseases [description not available]	2.05	1
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	2.05	1
Anton Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	2.05	1
Asystole [description not available]	2.06	1
MODS [description not available]	2.06	1
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.06	1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.06	1
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	2.06	1
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.06	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.06	1
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	2.06	1
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.07	1
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	2.07	1
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.07	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.89	4
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.93	4
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	7.93	4
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	2.01	1
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	2.41	2
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	2.41	2
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	2.01	1
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	2.02	1
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.43	2
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.71	3
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	2.02	1
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.43	2
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.02	1
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	2.02	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.03	1
Absence Status [description not available]	2.03	1
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	7.03	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.38	2
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	1.98	1
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	1.99	1
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	1.99	1
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	1.99	1
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	1.99	1
Equine Diseases [description not available]	1.99	1
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	2	1
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	2	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	2	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2	1
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	2	1
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	2	1
Acne [description not available]	6.95	1
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	2.37	2
Day Blindness [description not available]	1.95	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	1.95	1
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	1.95	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.95	1
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.37	2
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.37	2
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	1.97	1
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	1.97	1
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	1.97	1
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	1.97	1
Sterility, Male [description not available]	1.97	1
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	1.97	1
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	1.97	1

methomyl

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (28)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (8)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Bioassays (139)

Research

Studies (299)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 45.40

Study Types

methomyl

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (28)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (8)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Bioassays (139)

Research

Studies (299)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 45.40

Study Types

Related Drugs (268)

Related Conditions (89)