Page last updated: 2024-08-07 17:11:02

Carbonic anhydrase 9

A carbonic anhydrase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16790]

Synonyms

EC 4.2.1.1;
Carbonate dehydratase IX;
Carbonic anhydrase IX;
CA-IX;
CAIX;
Membrane antigen MN;
P54/58N;
Renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250;
RCC-associated antigen G250;
pMW1

Research

Bioassay Publications (406)

TimeframeStudies on this Protein(%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (0.49)18.7374
1990's2 (0.49)18.2507
2000's98 (24.14)29.6817
2010's234 (57.64)24.3611
2020's70 (17.24)2.80

Compounds (264)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
protocatechuic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.450011
4-hydroxybenzoic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki258.8956316
hydrobromic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki16,000.000011
cadaverineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.380011
catecholHomo sapiens (human)Ki396.4067415
hydrochloric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki33,000.000011
coumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki245.466799
salicylic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki160.9133315
gallic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki6.990011
hydrogen sulfideHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.000011
4-aminophenolHomo sapiens (human)Ki515.7929214
cyanic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki40.000011
carbonic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki6,504.300022
hydrogen cyanideHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.000011
thiocyanic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki130.000011
hydroquinoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki118.7136214
nitric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki46,000.000022
phenolHomo sapiens (human)Ki125.1900920
spermidineHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.370011
spermineHomo sapiens (human)Ki13.300022
sulfuric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki154,000.000011
catechinHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.030011
beta-resorcylic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki68.000011
acetaminophenHomo sapiens (human)Ki146.9214314
acetazolamideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.46407171
acetazolamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.7061324393
bumetanideHomo sapiens (human)Ki18.3242112
celecoxibHomo sapiens (human)IC500.016033
celecoxibHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.02221416
chlorambucilHomo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011
chlorthalidoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki29.5376318
coumaphosHomo sapiens (human)Ki6.410011
diclofenacHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000022
dichlorphenamideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.050011
dichlorphenamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.48975693
ethoxzolamideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.000622
ethoxzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.68996188
foscarnetHomo sapiens (human)Ki2,210.000011
furosemideHomo sapiens (human)Ki56.2441318
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki6.600011
hydrochlorothiazideHomo sapiens (human)Ki18.6042112
hydroflumethiazideHomo sapiens (human)Ki20.3203112
hydroxyureaHomo sapiens (human)Ki23.000011
indapamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki3,040.4713318
mafenideHomo sapiens (human)Ki8.44621213
methazolamideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.015833
methazolamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.69705988
metolazoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki22.0639112
fenamic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.050011
potassium chlorideHomo sapiens (human)Ki33,000.000011
potassium iodideHomo sapiens (human)Ki7,000.000011
probenecidHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.360033
resorcinolHomo sapiens (human)Ki282.6929214
resveratrolHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.530011
saccharinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.10241010
imatinibHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.075711
sulfanilamideHomo sapiens (human)IC504.196033
sulfanilamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki11.83092529
sulpirideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.040967
sulthiameHomo sapiens (human)Ki35.2526318
temozolomideHomo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011
trichlormethiazideHomo sapiens (human)Ki43.7561226
trientineHomo sapiens (human)Ki39.000011
wb 4101Homo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
zonisamideHomo sapiens (human)IC501.860011
zonisamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki83.09221227
sulfamic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki50.600022
sucroseHomo sapiens (human)Ki20.000011
carbostyrilHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.082033
sodium citrate, anhydrousHomo sapiens (human)Ki4,930.000011
4-toluenesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.623034
quinethazoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki18.130012
veratroleHomo sapiens (human)Ki8.630011
veratric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki8.250011
benzenearsonic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki55.000011
benzenesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)IC502.000011
3-hydroxybenzoic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.530011
alpha-resorcylic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.410011
methylparabenHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.500011
gamma-valerolactoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.920011
diethylenetriamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.600011
phenforminHomo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoateHomo sapiens (human)Ki8.200011
sulfacetamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.135011
malic acid, disodium saltHomo sapiens (human)Ki7,420.000011
carzenideHomo sapiens (human)IC5024.000022
carzenideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.9106811
1,4-dimethoxybenzeneHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.150011
gamma-resorcylic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.900011
phthalimidineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.174011
ninhydrinHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.370011
benzohydroxamic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki45.900011
butenolideHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.420011
flavoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.175022
syringic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki8.200011
herniarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.800011
coumarin-3-carboxylic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki6.500011
delta-valerolactoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.660011
3-hydroxyflavoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.585022
3-aminophenolHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.900011
ferrocin cHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.044611
4-cyanophenolHomo sapiens (human)Ki206.4863214
methylphosphonic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki1,260.000011
hydrofluoric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki48,000.000011
n-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.510011
2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.070011
phenylphosphonic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki2,210.000011
methylene diphosphonateHomo sapiens (human)IC50860.000011
methylene diphosphonateHomo sapiens (human)Ki860.000011
1,6-diaminohexaneHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.410011
benzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.3728715
chloric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki147,000.000011
n-phthalylglycineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.223011
benzeneseleninic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.000011
phosphoric acid, trisodium saltHomo sapiens (human)Ki560.000011
perchloric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki11,600.000011
iodic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki49,700.000011
potassium nitrateHomo sapiens (human)Ki46,000.000011
bromic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki274,000.000011
hydrazoic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.000011
hydroiodic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki7,000.000011
salenHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.000011
sodium azideHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.000011
7-ethoxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.600011
acetosulfameHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.400011
dobutamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.820011
2-aminosulfonyl-benzoic acid methyl esterHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.395024
foscarnet sodiumHomo sapiens (human)Ki2,210.000022
succinylsulfanilamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.012811
2,4(1h,3h)-quinazolinedioneHomo sapiens (human)Ki13.700011
calanolide bHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.830011
metaperiodateHomo sapiens (human)Ki30,300.000011
xanthyletineHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.510011
xanthoxyletinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.740011
4-chlorobenzenesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000311
benzeneboronic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki85.000022
4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.070078
1,2,4-trimethoxybenzeneHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.060011
2-pyroneHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.600011
disulphaneHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.034055
zoledronic acidHomo sapiens (human)IC505.323022
plasmenylserineHomo sapiens (human)Ki920.000011
brinzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.03462733
2,4-disulfamyl-5-trifluoromethylanilineHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.250178
isoscopoletinHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.370011
n-4-tosylglycineHomo sapiens (human)IC500.217011
trichlorosucroseHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.200011
methanesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)IC501,000.000011
2-aminobenzenesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.6280912
methyl gentisateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.840011
ethyl protocatechuateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.780011
3-acetylcoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.151811
3,7-diazanonane-1,9-diamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki48.000011
sulfamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki38.400033
5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.61991317
methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-xylosideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.350011
7-amino-4-methylcoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.640011
4-methylumbelliferyl-galactopyranosideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.093011
4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.076011
hepsulfamHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.010111
taurineamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.000011
valdecoxibHomo sapiens (human)IC500.027022
valdecoxibHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.7827910
estrone-3-o-sulfamateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.030044
1-naphthylacetylspermineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.120011
4-guanidinobenzoateHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.560011
naphthalenesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.030022
chlorzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.034047
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.24951516
sorafenibHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
n-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.02483952
lacosamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.353011
3-hydroxy-quinazoline-2,4-dioneHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.480011
salophenHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.450011
potassium bromideHomo sapiens (human)Ki16,000.000011
n,n'-bis(salicylidene)-1,6-hexanediamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.350011
methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.790011
u-104Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.04312323
diba-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.256835
bortezomibHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.380011
1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaboroleHomo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011
scopolinHomo sapiens (human)Ki8.720011
resveratrolHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.810011
rwj 37947Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.036011
ferulic acidHomo sapiens (human)IC509.390011
ferulic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.870011
bay 57-1293Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.081011
sodium thiocyanateHomo sapiens (human)Ki130.000011
sodium bicarbonateHomo sapiens (human)Ki13,000.000022
sodium acetate, anhydrousHomo sapiens (human)Ki150,000.000011
sodium benzoateHomo sapiens (human)Ki150,000.000011
potassium fluorideHomo sapiens (human)Ki48,000.000011
ditiocarb sodiumHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.413011
hydroxyphenethylferulateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.810011
2-hydroxycinnamic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki700.000033
trans-4-coumaric acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.330011
(R)-(+)-sulpirideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.031011
s 1033Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.041911
ethyl coumarateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.610011
caffeic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.870011
4-methoxycinnamic acidHomo sapiens (human)IC50850.000011
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)ureaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.058011
ethyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.820011
7-methoxy-2-oxo-1-benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esterHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.400011
7-acetoxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.040211
formic acid, sodium saltHomo sapiens (human)Ki1,220.000022
2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoleHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.300011
N1-[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.136011
4-methylumbelliferyl glucosideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.370011
6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki6.580011
2,6-dibromosulfanilamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.006825
4-azidosulfanilamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.727846
d 609Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.643011
sc 560Homo sapiens (human)IC50100.000022
sitagliptinHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
sodium hexafluorophosphateHomo sapiens (human)Ki8,100.000011
fraxinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.370011
fraxetinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.610011
quercetinHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.000011
scopoletinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.960011
hymecromoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki42.022025
esculetinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.036411
7-hydroxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.366244
chrysinHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.680022
ellagic acidHomo sapiens (human)Ki44.585022
7-hydroxyflavoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.885022
dorzolamideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.052011
dorzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki19.33053556
topiramateHomo sapiens (human)Ki16.85092951
irosustatHomo sapiens (human)Ki54.4262213
methyl-p-coumarateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.850011
5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki53.747514
7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki53.892514
3-cyano-7-hydroxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki48.2209111
famotidineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.126311
geiparvarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.600011
benzeneselenolHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.180011
6-hydroxybenzothiazide-2-sulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.033967
2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-o,o-bis(sulfamate)Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.070011
pazopanibHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.009111
acesulfame potassiumHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.406733
2-ethylestradiol sulfamateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.250011
trans-avicennolHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.780011
cryoliteHomo sapiens (human)Ki18,500.000011
sodium lactateHomo sapiens (human)Ki150,000.000011
ve 821Homo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011
dihydroxyfumarateHomo sapiens (human)Ki6.700011
4-hydroxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.410011
vx-970Homo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011
4-hydroxyquinazolineHomo sapiens (human)Ki15.700011
tirapazamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011

Drugs with Activation Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
acetazolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.01451212
indapamideHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.216022
sucroseHomo sapiens (human)Kd150,000.000011
2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acidHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.334644
2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-o,o-bis(sulfamate)Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.605011

Drugs with Other Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
coumarinHomo sapiens (human)Kinact100.000011
histamineHomo sapiens (human)KA35.066733
acetazolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact1.27461920
acetazolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kis0.025011
bumetanideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.025811
chlorthalidoneHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.023023
clioquinolHomo sapiens (human)Kinact5.600011
dichlorphenamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact6.293888
ethoxzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact3.12181011
furosemideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.420011
hydroxyureaHomo sapiens (human)Kinact23.000011
indapamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.036023
methazolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact2.27481112
metolazoneHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.320011
sulpirideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.031011
sulthiameHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.043011
trichlormethiazideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.367011
zonisamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact1.753433
levodopaHomo sapiens (human)KA51.300011
tyrosineHomo sapiens (human)KA25.300011
phenylalanineHomo sapiens (human)KA16.150022
histidineHomo sapiens (human)KA9.706733
tryptophanHomo sapiens (human)KA37.250022
aminoethylpiperazineHomo sapiens (human)KA0.009022
D-tryptophanHomo sapiens (human)KA43.200033
3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-oneHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.508011
benzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.049011
2-(aminomethyl)pyridineHomo sapiens (human)KA1.070011
sodium pyrophosphateHomo sapiens (human)Kinact46,300.000011
sodium selenateHomo sapiens (human)Kinact183,000.000011
sodium persulfateHomo sapiens (human)Kinact1,430.000011
4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.039011
brinzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.037022
2,4-disulfamyl-5-trifluoromethylanilineHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.024011
copper histidineHomo sapiens (human)KA12.500022
phenylalanineHomo sapiens (human)KA9.300022
thioxoloneHomo sapiens (human)Kinact6.670011
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridineHomo sapiens (human)KA0.013011
5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.041011
D-dopaHomo sapiens (human)KA54.700011
4-aminophenylalanineHomo sapiens (human)KA48.700011
n-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.024044
epitrateHomo sapiens (human)KA0.870022
diba-1Homo sapiens (human)Kinact0.653011
4-2-Aminoethyl-morpholineHomo sapiens (human)KA0.430011
ditiocarb sodiumHomo sapiens (human)Kinact1.400011
7-hydroxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.482011
dorzolamideHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.052033
topiramateHomo sapiens (human)Kinact12.233255
sodium bisulfateHomo sapiens (human)Kinact690.000011
4-hydroxycoumarinHomo sapiens (human)Kinact0.418011
sildenafil citrateHomo sapiens (human)KA34.000011

Enables

This protein enables 4 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
carbonate dehydratase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: hydrogencarbonate + H+ = CO2 + H2O. [EC:4.2.1.1]
protein bindingmolecular functionBinding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
zinc ion bindingmolecular functionBinding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai]
molecular function activator activitymolecular functionA molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. [GOC:curators]

Located In

This protein is located in 5 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
nucleoluscellular componentA small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. [ISBN:0198506732]
plasma membranecellular componentThe membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
membranecellular componentA lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]
basolateral plasma membranecellular componentThe region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. [GOC:go_curators]
microvillus membranecellular componentThe portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus. [GOC:mah]

Active In

This protein is active in 1 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
plasma membranecellular componentThe membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 6 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
response to hypoxiabiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. [GOC:hjd]
morphogenesis of an epitheliumbiological processThe process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732]
response to xenobiotic stimulusbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]
response to testosteronebiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus. [GOC:sl]
secretionbiological processThe controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. [GOC:ai]
one-carbon metabolic processbiological processThe chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states. [GOC:hjd, GOC:mah, GOC:pde]