Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Fracture Malunion

Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Fractures, Abnormal Union
Fractures, Crossunited
Malunion, Fracture
Fractures, Malunited
Fracture Malunion

Research

Studies (88)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19901 (1.14)23.3326
1990's10 (11.36)12.5806
2000's31 (35.23)18.1394
2010's39 (44.32)28.8240
2020's7 (7.95)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
lactic acid0low10
acetaminophen0low10
bupivacaine0medium11
diclofenac0low10
lidocaine0low10
indomethacin0low10
ketorolac0low10
ticlopidine0low10
prednisolone0low10
dehydroepiandrosterone0low10
thiophenes0low20
meglumine0low10
docusate0low10
durapatite0low10
carbonates0low10
titanium0medium101
tricalcium phosphate0low80
calcium sulfate0low10
trolamine salicylate0low220
propiconazole0medium51
zoledronic acid0low10
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate0low10
polytrimethylene carbonate0low10
toremifene0medium11
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low10
technetium tc 99m exametazime0low10
acid phosphatase0low10
vendex0low20
transforming growth factor beta0low20
chondroitin sulfates0low10
exudates0low10

Protein Targets (373)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma9009
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
GLS protein2002
Microtubule-associated protein tau4004
Smad31001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A13003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
progesterone receptor6006
EWS/FLI fusion protein5005
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 17007
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha5005
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha8008
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha110011
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma5005
aryl hydrocarbon receptor5005
chromobox protein homolog 18008
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 26006
peripheral myelin protein 225005
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi4105
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30505
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40505
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90103
Bile salt export pump0202
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit5005
Bile salt export pump0909
Cytochrome P450 2B10001
Cytochrome P450 1A10001
Carbonic anhydrase 10404
Carbonic anhydrase 20404
Myoglobin0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10012
Cytochrome P450 1A20001
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10405
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Cytochrome P450 3A40404
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0405
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-14105
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta4105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-24105
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60304
Glutamate receptor 25005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-54105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-34105
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0304
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10404
Carbonic anhydrase 60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-14105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-24105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-44105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-34105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-64105
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20517
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Cytochrome P450 2J20404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-14105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-34105
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-24105
Carbonic anhydrase 90303
GABA theta subunit4105
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10505
Carbonic anhydrase 150202
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon4105
Carbonic anhydrase 140202
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0101
toxin B0001
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30202
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20112
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
SMAD family member 24004
SMAD family member 34004
TDP1 protein8008
GLI family zinc finger 34004
AR protein100010
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)4004
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]8008
farnesoid X nuclear receptor3003
pregnane X nuclear receptor5005
cytochrome P450 2D64004
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor7007
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a4004
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
heat shock protein beta-13003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 14004
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0202
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0202
Alpha-synuclein1001
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 10011
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 0101
NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 10011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B100101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0203
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20202
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0303
Transthyretin0013
Albumin0336
Interleukin-80202
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0213
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70203
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10202
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20303
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20203
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10303
P2Y purinoceptor 120202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
acetylcholinesterase3003
glp-1 receptor, partial4004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)3003
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 13003
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor2002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
DNA polymerase beta1001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
lamin isoform A-delta107007
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0505
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0404
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Histamine H1 receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Histamine H2 receptor3003
Spike glycoprotein5016
N-acetyltransferase Eis0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20404
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase-20101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
Luciferase3003
interleukin 81001
G2002
67.9K protein1001
glucocerebrosidase1001
Parkin1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 27007
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a2002
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0101
Prostaglandin E synthase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0102
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0202
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme0101
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 2002
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
Procathepsin L0112
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41102
Androgen receptor0213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21102
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0102
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Adenosine receptor A10101
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Caspase-10102
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0101
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Substance-P receptor0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0101
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30202
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 30101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30101
Lactoylglutathione lyase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0101
Rho-associated protein kinase 20101
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 12002
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30202
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma0101
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 20112
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10202
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial2002
thioredoxin reductase3003
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
Caspase-30101
Caspase-40101
Caspase-50101
Caspase-90101
Cell division control protein 42 homolog0101
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 10101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 10101
Ataxin-23003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
IDH12002
flap endonuclease 11001
geminin4004
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
activating transcription factor 61001
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Translocator protein0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
GALC protein1001
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 11001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
Vpr1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
luciferase0001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
Estrogen receptor0202
Glucocorticoid receptor0218
Progesterone receptor0203
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0213
Glutamine synthetase0011
Androgen receptor0101
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Nociceptin receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta0202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
pregnane X receptor1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase2002
nonstructural protein 11001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Cytochrome P450 2B60202
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
USP1 protein, partial1001
PPM1D protein1001
Spike glycoprotein0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Transmembrane protease serine 20011
Replicase polyprotein 1a0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60101
Envelope glycoprotein0022
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0011
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptidase0101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Transporter0101
Fumarate hydratase1001
polyprotein1001
Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A10012
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0203
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase0202
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Neutrophil collagenase0101
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-140101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0202
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0202
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0101
H0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]