Compounds > dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene
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dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene

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Description

Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that is formed as a breakdown product of the insecticide DDT. DDE is highly lipophilic and accumulates in the environment and in the fat tissues of animals. It is known to disrupt endocrine function, particularly by interfering with estrogen receptors. Studies have shown that DDE exposure is associated with adverse health effects, including reproductive problems, immune suppression, and cancer. It is of significant environmental concern due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and long-range transport. DDE is a subject of ongoing research to understand its impact on human and animal health, as well as to develop strategies for remediation and prevention of its further accumulation in the environment.'

Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3035
CHEMBL ID363207
CHEBI ID16598
SCHEMBL ID177472
MeSH IDM0005687

Synonyms (131)

Synonym
BIDD:ER0615
BIDD:PXR0109
MLS002152918
smr001224518
p,p'-(dichlorodiphenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene
CHEBI:16598 ,
1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene
benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-chloro-
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyl]benzene
ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-
DIVK1C_006678
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene (dde)
1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethene-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)
SPECTRUM_001941
BSPBIO_002501
SPECTRUM5_002042
MLS001055473
p,p'-dde (p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene)
NCGC00090888-01
p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene
NCGC00090888-02
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene
brn 1913355
2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene
ai3-01715
dde (van)
dde, p,p'-
hsdb 1625
benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis(4-chloro-
2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis(4-chlorobenzene)
nsc 1153
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(para-chlorophenyl) ethylene
2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene
p,p'-dichlorodiphenoldichloroethylene
para,para'-dde
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene
ccris 193
einecs 200-784-6
1,1-dichloro-2,2-di(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
72-55-9
1,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene
1,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
benzene,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-chloro-
p,p'-(dichlorodiphenyl)dichloroethylene
wln: gyguyr dg&r dg
nsc1153
ddt dehydrochloride
ethylene,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene
1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]
nci-c00555
p,p'-dde
4,4'-dde
1,2-di(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
DDE ,
C04596
nsc-1153
p,2-dichloroethylene
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene, 99%
NCGC00090888-05
NCGC00090888-04
NCGC00090888-03
KBIOSS_002495
KBIO3_002001
KBIO2_002487
KBIO1_001622
KBIO2_007623
KBIO2_005055
KBIOGR_001221
SPECPLUS_000582
SPBIO_001710
SPECTRUM4_000701
SPECTRUM3_000861
SPECTRUM2_001865
SPECTRUM330072
p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
p,p' -dde
NCGC00090888-06
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene
B0133
A19100
CHEMBL363207 ,
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene
NCGC00090888-09
NCGC00090888-07
NCGC00090888-08
NCGC00090888-10
4m7fs82u08 ,
unii-4m7fs82u08
68679-99-2
NCGC00254155-01
NCGC00258812-01
tox21_201260
cas-72-55-9
dtxsid9020374 ,
dtxcid90374
tox21_300109
HMS2230C07
CCG-39403
bdbm50410512
FT-0609172
AKOS015902433
benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethenylidene)bis(4-chloro-
1,1'-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-ethenediyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)
dde [hsdb]
S5437
HMS3369G06
SCHEMBL177472
1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyl]benzene #
dde(p,p')
mfcd00000837
6ws ,
1-[2,2-bis(chloranyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-4-chloranyl-benzene
4,4'-dde, pestanal(r), analytical standard
4,4'-dde 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
4,4'-dde 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane
4,4'-dde 100 microg/ml in cyclohexane
4,4'-dde d8
4.4-dde
Q409592
4,4'-dde 1000 microg/ml in toluene
dde; nsc 1153; p,p'-dde
CS-0014085
D88610
HY-B1986
BS-44129

Research Excerpts

Effects

POP accumulating in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is a key Southern Ocean species. Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene has been shown to reduce the duration of breast feeding in two studies.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) has been identified as a dominant POP accumulating in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is a key Southern Ocean species."( Altered developmental timing in early life stages of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) exposed to p,p'-DDE.
Bengtson Nash, SM; Kawaguchi, S; Kukkonen, JV; Leppänen, MT; Poulsen, AH, 2011)		0.82
"Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) has been shown to reduce the duration of breast feeding in two studies. "( Maternal concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and initiation and duration of breast feeding.
Brooks, K; Davis, S; Fussman, C; Karmaus, W, 2005)		2.07

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This treatment also resulted in a higher level of radioactivity in the adrenals of the pups than in the maternal adrenals, both at a subtoxic and at a toxic dose."( Adrenocortical toxicity of 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE; 3: Studies in fetal and suckling mice.
Bergman, A; Brandt, I; Jönsson, CJ; Lund, BO, 1992)		0.28
" DDT metabolism in a North American species of planarian leads to the formation of metabolites more toxic than the parent compound."( Comparative acute toxicity of DDT metabolites among American and European species of planarians.
Bonner, JC; Wells, MR, 1987)		0.27
" Because the regulation of the lipid composition of the membrane is a common strategy in response to adverse growth conditions, we studied the effects of DDE on the lipid composition and the consequent alterations of membrane physical properties in comparison to the parental compound DDT."( Membrane lipid composition of Bacillus stearothermophilus as affected by lipophilic environmental pollutants: an approach to membrane toxicity assessment.
Antunes-Madeira, MC; Donato, MM; Jurado, AS; Madeira, VM, 2000)		0.31
" Increases in the absolute and relative (ratio to body weight) liver weights were observed as a typical toxic response after a single or repeated exposure to DDT."( A comparative study on the reliablility of toxicokinetic parameters for predicting hepatotoxicity of DDT in rats receiving a single or repeated administration.
Harada, T; Kobayashi, H; Takeda, M; Tomiyama, N; Watanabe, M, 2003)		0.32
" Furthermore, the temporal trend in the toxic response using body residue as the dose metric is steep and found to be similar to another chlorinated hydrocarbon, pentachlorobenzene, but was more potent than that found for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)."( Time-dependent toxicity of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene to Hyalella azteca.
Gossiaux, DC; Landrum, PF; Lewis, JS; McElroy, M; Robinson, SD; Steevens, JA, 2005)		0.33
"The Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method (QuEChERS) has been validated for the extraction of 15 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in completely different matrices of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)."( Analysis of pesticide residues using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in traditional Chinese medicine by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.
Chen, B; Chen, J; Liu, Y; Wu, J; Xu, R; Yang, M; Zhao, R, 2011)		0.37
"We investigated the usefulness of an integrated computational systems biology approach in a case study involving the isomers and metabolites of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to ascertain their possible links to relevant adverse effects."( Application of computational systems biology to explore environmental toxicity hazards.
Audouze, K; Grandjean, P, 2011)		0.37
" Compared with the reported DDT levels demonstrated to have toxic effects on frogs, DDTs in the present frogs are unlikely to constitute an immediate health risk."( DDTs in rice frogs (Rana limnocharis) from an agricultural site, South China: tissue distribution, biomagnification, and potential toxic effects assessment.
Chen, SJ; Luo, XJ; Mai, BX; Wu, JP; Zhang, Y, 2012)		0.38
" It has been shown in the literature that equilibrium SPME fiber concentrations reflect the bioavailable concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants, so these fiber concentrations should be a useful metric for assessing toxic effects from the bioavailable contaminant providing a framework to expand the use of SPME fibers beyond estimation of bioaccumulation."( Use of solid phase microextraction to estimate toxicity: relating fiber concentrations to toxicity--part I.
Ding, Y; Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; You, J, 2012)		0.38
" The present study extends the use of fiber concentrations to organism body residues to specifically address biotransformation and provide the link to toxic response."( Use of solid phase microextraction to estimate toxicity: relating fiber concentrations to body residues--part II.
Ding, Y; Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; You, J, 2012)		0.38
" It is one of the most toxic compounds belonging to organochlorines."( The Crucial Involvement of Retinoid X Receptors in DDE Neurotoxicity.
Kajta, M; Krzeptowski, W; Lasoń, W; Litwa, E; Rzemieniec, J; Wnuk, A; Wójtowicz, AK, 2016)		0.43
" Predicted toxic units of DDX in porewater were utilized to distinguish between toxicity from DDT and that of DDD and DDE."( Full-Life Cycle Toxicity Assessment of Sediment-Bound DDT and Its Degradation Products on Chironomus dilutus.
Li, H; Ma, P; You, J, 2019)		0.51

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in marine mammals is a challenge because of the lack of parameter information and the ban on exposure experiments."( Application of Bayesian population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations to pesticide kinetics studies in protected marine mammals: DDT, DDE, and DDD in harbor porpoises.
Blust, R; Covaci, A; Das, K; Weijs, L; Yang, RS, 2013)		0.39
" Unique data from Australia provide an opportunity to study this finding using simple pharmacokinetic (PK) models."( Use of a simple pharmacokinetic model to study the impact of breast-feeding on infant and toddler body burdens of PCB 153, BDE 47, and DDE.
Lorber, M; Toms, LL, 2017)		0.46
"To document serum p,p'-DDT/E levels in 47 mothers and children participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), a study conducted in an area where IRS insecticides are used annually, and to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a published pharmacokinetic model for the estimation of children's p,p'-DDT/E levels."( Early-life exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in South African children participating in the VHEMBE study: An assessment using repeated serum measurements and pharmacokinetic modeling.
Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Ngueta, G; Rauch, S; Verner, MA, 2018)		0.48
" A pharmacokinetic model of gestational and lactational exposure was used to estimate children's p,p'-DDT/E levels during pregnancy and the first two years of life, and estimated levels were compared to measured levels."( Early-life exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in South African children participating in the VHEMBE study: An assessment using repeated serum measurements and pharmacokinetic modeling.
Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Ngueta, G; Rauch, S; Verner, MA, 2018)		0.48
" The pharmacokinetic model may be useful to estimate children's levels in the VHEMBE population."( Early-life exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in South African children participating in the VHEMBE study: An assessment using repeated serum measurements and pharmacokinetic modeling.
Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Ngueta, G; Rauch, S; Verner, MA, 2018)		0.48

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Field experiments were conducted to assess the bioavailability of weathered p,p'-DDE in soil to plants in the Cucurbita (squash, pumpkin) and Cucumis (cucumber, melon) genera."( Differential bioavailability of field-weathered p,p'-DDE to plants of the Cucurbita and Cucumis genera.
White, JC, 2002)		0.31
" The data indicate that the addition of low molecular weight organic acids causes the partial dissolution of the soil structure through the chelation of inorganic structural ions, potentially enhancing bioavailability and having implications for the phytoremediation of persistent organic pollutants in soil."( Role of organic acids in enhancing the desorption and uptake of weathered p,p'-DDE by Cucurbita pepo.
Eitzer, BD; Iannucci-Berger, W; Lee, WY; Mattina, MI; White, JC, 2003)		0.32
" The data suggest that the prediction of contaminant bioavailability should consider interactions among species."( Multi-species interactions impact the accumulation of weathered 2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) from soil.
Kelsey, JW; White, JC, 2005)		0.33
" Finally, no change in the bioavailability of the compound was observed in successive generations of plants grown in the same contaminated soil."( Growth conditions impact 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) accumulation by Cucurbita pepo.
Colino, A; Kelsey, JW; Koberle, M; White, JC, 2006)		0.33
" A green-house study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE to grains of rice and the influences of traditional Chinese farming practices on their bioaccumulation."( Bioavailability to grains of rice of aged and fresh DDD and DDE in soils.
Bian, Y; Jiang, X; Wang, F; Yang, X; Yao, F; Yu, G, 2007)		0.34
" Surfactant-mediated increases in contaminant bioavailability are an unexpectedly complex process and clearly present unanticipated concerns over pollutant exposure to nontarget organisms."( Surfactants differentially impact p,p'-DDE accumulation by plant and earthworm species.
Kelsey, JW; Peters, R; White, JC, 2007)		0.34
" Such models are important to understand bioavailability and mobility limitations of these chemicals in the aquatic environment."( Triple domain in situ sorption modeling of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in aquatic sediments.
Kaag, K; Koelmans, AA; Peeters, ET; Sneekes, A, 2009)		0.35
"Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil sterilization on the bioavailability of spiked p,p'-DDE and anthracene to the earthworms Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris."( Sterilization affects soil organic matter chemistry and bioaccumulation of spiked p,p'-DDE and anthracene by earthworms.
Kelsey, JW; Melnick, AM; Peters, RD; Slizovskiy, IB, 2010)		0.36
"The rapid-desorbing fraction plays an important role in the bioavailability of organic pollutants in soil."( Tenax TA extraction to assess the bioavailability of DDTs in cotton field soils.
Gu, C; Jiang, X; Wang, F; Yang, X, 2010)		0.36
"Few studies have been conducted examining the distribution of different-sized particles in sediment and its potential impact on bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants."( Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediment with different particle-size distributions.
Li, H; Lydy, MJ; Mehler, WT; Pang, J; Sun, B; You, J, 2011)		0.37
"The ability of polydimethlysiloxane coated solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers to predict bioavailability has been documented for a number of species and compounds."( A comparison of exposure methods for SPME-based bioavailability estimates.
Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ, 2012)		0.38
" The bioavailability of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, As, Cd, Cu, and Pb from five field-aged New Zealand orchards and three grazing soils was assessed by using a 28-d bioassay with Aporrectodea caliginosa and chemical assays."( Comparison of earthworm and chemical assays of the bioavailability of aged 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and heavy metals in orchard soils.
Gaw, S; Jensen, J; Kim, N; Northcott, G; Wilkins, A, 2012)		0.38
"05 for both regressions) between the PRC-calibrated equilibrium concentrations of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-153 and the lipid normalized levels in worms (Neanthes arenaceodentata) was obtained in co-exposure tests under simulating field conditions, probably resulting from slightly overestimated bioavailability because of the hysteretic desorption of PRCs and toxic effects."( Isotopic exchange on solid-phase micro extraction fiber in sediment under stagnant conditions: Implications for field application of performance reference compound calibration.
Bao, LJ; Gan, J; Jia, F; Wu, X; Zeng, EY, 2016)		0.43
" Measuring contaminant bioavailability in a before-and-after manner lends to improved assessment of remediation effectiveness."( Comparing different methods for assessing contaminant bioavailability during sediment remediation.
Gan, J; Jia, F; Liao, C; Taylor, A; Xue, J, 2016)		0.43
" Changes in the sorption and potential bioavailability of spiked and native p,p'-DDE were measured by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), XAD-assisted extraction (XAD), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and linked to qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry measured by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy."( Influence of soil γ-irradiation and spiking on sorption of p,p'-DDE and soil organic matter chemistry.
Bielská, L; Chrást, L; Hofman, J; Scherr, KE; Škulcová, L, 2018)		0.48
"Compared to the total chemical concentration, bioavailability is a better measurement of risks of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to biota in contaminated soil or sediment."( Evaluation of different methods for assessing bioavailability of DDT residues during soil remediation.
Gan, J; Schlenk, D; Taylor, A; Wang, J; Xu, C, 2018)		0.48

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" After 54 days of feeding, six dosed bats were frozen and the remaining 16 were starved to death."( Experimental feeding of DDE and PCB to female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus).
Clark, DR; Prouty, RM, 1977)		0.26
" The changes noted after 2 days of DDMU diet were confirmed by measurements on birds 18 h after oral dosing the DDMU."( The effects of 1,1-di(p-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroethylene on plasma enzymes and blood constituents in the Japanese quail.
Bunyan, PJ; Stanley, PI; Walker, CH; Westlake, GE, 1979)		0.26
" After 40 days on dosage, during which one dosed bat was killed accidentally, four dosed bats were frozen and the remaining 17 were starved to death."( Effects of DDE on experimentally poisoned free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis): lethal brain concentrations.
Clark, DR; Kroll, JC, 1977)		0.26
"The effects of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) or a combination of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane), DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane) and DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2,-bis (p-chlorophenyl ethylene) on organ weights, liver storage of vitamin A and carotene, selected blood chemistry parameters, and serum protein fractions were determined in penned white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) receiving a daily dosage of these compounds."( Physiological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls or a combination of DDT, DDD, and DDE in penned white pelicans.
Ammann, BM; Call, DJ; Greichus, YA, 1975)		0.25
" Stoppage of DDE dosage resulted in progressively thicker shells, yet even after 2 years on untreated feed hens laid eggs with shells about 10% thinner than control hens."( Shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of DDE dosage.
Longcore, JR; Stendell, RC, 1977)		0.26
" Residues were determined in milk at 5-day intervals during the 60-day dosing period and for 60 days after dosing was stopped."( Hexachlorobenzene retention and excretion by dairy cows.
Fries, GF; Marrow, GS, 1976)		0.26
" Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) containing organochlorine pollutants were fed to the bats as follows: 5 bats were dosed at 480 ppm DDE, 12 at 150 ppm DDE, 5 at 1000 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB; Aroclor 1260), and 12 at 15 ppm PCB."( Effects of DDE and PCB (Aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): lethal brain concentrations.
Clark, DR; Stafford, CJ, 1981)		0.26
" Dosed eggs were consequently incubated at two temperatures (27."( The environmental contaminant DDE fails to influence the outcome of sexual differentiation in the marine turtle Chelonia mydas.
Georges, A; Limpus, CJ; Maher, B; Podreka, S, 1998)		0.3
" The chemical was dosed by gavage to pregnant dams at 10 or 100 mg/kg body wt from gestation day 14 to 18."( Impaired male sexual development in perinatal Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans hooded rats exposed in utero and lactationally to p,p'-DDE.
Archibeque-Engle, S; Casanova, M; Fan, LQ; Heck, HA; Sar, M; You, L, 1998)		0.3
" Male offsprings display a higher incidence of epididymal and testicular lesions than generally seen with flutamide, P, or V even at high dosage levels."( Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differen
Cooper, RL; Gray, LE; Lambright, C; Mann, P; Ostby, J; Price, M; Wolf, C, )		0.13
" Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage in corn oil with either 10 or 100 mg DDE per kg body wt per day from Gestation Day (gd) 14 to 18."( Transplacental and lactational transfer of p,p'-DDE in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Archibeque-Engle, S; Casanova, M; Conolly, RB; Gazi, E; Heck, HA; You, L, 1999)		0.3
" Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage with DDE at 0, 10, or 100 mg/kg body weight or with flutamide at 40 mg/kg body weight from gestation day 14 to 18."( Modulation of testosterone-metabolizing hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in developing Sprague-Dawley rats following in utero exposure to p,p'-DDE.
Archibeque-Engle, S; Bruce, JM; Casanova, M; Chan, SK; Corton, JC; Heck, H; You, L, 1999)		0.3
" Pregnant Long-Evans rats were dosed by gavage from Gestation Day 14 to 18 at 0, 10 (low dose), or 100 (high dose) mg DDE, or 40 mg flutamide/kg body wt (bw)/day (in utero treatment)."( In utero exposure to antiandrogens alters the responsiveness of the prostate to p,p'-DDE in adult rats and may induce prostatic inflammation.
Brenneman, KA; Heck, H; You, L, 1999)		0.3
") erections we assessed the dose-response effects of p,p-DDE in comparison to the known androgen receptor antagonist flutamide in acute (0."( Effects of an environmental anti-androgen on erectile function in an animal penile erection model.
Adams, MA; Brien, SE; Heaton, JP; Racz, WJ, 2000)		0.31
" One gram of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was administered as a digestion marker to dosed calves."( Uptake and excretion of organochlorine compounds in neonatal calves.
Borger, DC; Keller, HL; Willett, LB, 2001)		0.31
" Eggs were also dosed in two sets."( Effects of binary mixtures of six xenobiotics on hormone concentrations and morphometric endpoints of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).
Dickerson, RL; McMurry, CS, )		0.13
" We found that hepatic aromatase protein in adult male rats was greatly increased after seven daily oral treatments of DDE at a dosage of 100 mg/kg wt."( Induction of hepatic aromatase by p,p'-DDE in adult male rats.
Bartolucci, E; Ploch, S; Sar, M; Whitt, M; You, L, 2001)		0.31
" The objective of this work was to determine the dose-response relationship between DDE and its antiandrogenic effect in adult, male rats and to quantitate the concentration of DDE in tissues following oral exposures."( Lack of antiandrogenic effects in adult male rats following acute exposure to 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE).
Devito, MJ; Leavens, TL; Sparrow, BR, 2002)		0.31
" For the current studies, male rats were dosed for 15 days via oral gavage and euthanized on the morning of test day 15."( Evaluation of a 15-day screening assay using intact male rats for identifying antiandrogens.
Frame, SR; Ladics, GS; O'Connor, JC, 2002)		0.31
" An S-shaped dose-response relationship was indicated between P and DDE."( The role of DDE, PCB, coplanar PCB and eggshell parameters for reproduction in the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden.
Asplund, L; Bignert, A; Helander, B; Litzén, K; Olsson, A, 2002)		0.31
"Information about the endocrine effects of different levels of DDT/DDE in human subjects is scarce; dosage may be a determinant factor of the type of effect."( [DDT/DDE concentrations and risk of hypospadias. Pilot case-control study].
Cuevas-Alpuche, J; Dewailly, E; Farías, P; Flores-Luévano, S; Hernández, M; Romano-Riquer, P; Romieu, I; Weber, JP, )		0.13
" Dose-response relationships of individual agents were characterized over a 6-log concentration range (1 X 10(-2) to 1 X 10(4) ppb)."( Interactive effects of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and methoxychlor on hormone synthesis in largemouth bass ovarian cultures.
Borgert, CJ; Gross, TS; Guiney, PD; Osimitz, TG; Price, B; Wells, C, 2004)		0.32
" However, no consistent dose-response effect was apparent across low, medium, and high exposure categories."( Age at natural menopause and exposure to organochlorine pesticides in Hispanic women.
Akkina, J; Bachand, A; Keefe, T; Reif, J, 2004)		0.32
" The main results of our study were as follows: (1) azinphos-methyl alone caused a dose-dependent inhibition of plasma and brain ChE activity; (2) p,p'-DDE in combination with azinphos-methyl did not change azinphos-methyl inhibition of ChE activity; and (3) there were suggestions of immunostimulation in birds dosed 1 year previously to p,p'-DDE and of anemia when p,p'-DDE was combined with azinphos-methyl; however, there was no dose-response for these parameters in birds subsequently dosed with p,p'-DDE."( Effects of azinphos-methyl on cholinergic responses and general health in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) after previous treatment with p,p'-DDE.
Bishop, CA; Cheng, KM; Elliott, JE; Gill, H; Williams, TD, 2005)		0.33
" Long-term breastfeeding leads to a dose-response increase of the concentrations in children's serum during the first year of life."( Breastfeeding and concentrations of HCB and p,p'-DDE at the age of 1 year.
Grimalt, JO; Marco, E; Mazón, C; Ribas-Fitó, N; Sala, M; Sunyer, J, 2005)		0.33
" The mitogenic response of leukocytes of chinook salmon exposed to p,p'-DDE in vivo exhibited a biphasic dose-response relationship."( p,p'-DDE depresses the immune competence of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) leukocytes.
Leong, JA; Misumi, I; Nakanishi, T; Schreck, CB; Vella, AT, 2005)		0.33
" To provide data useful for the risk assessment of postnatal exposure to POPs, mixtures containing 19 PCBs, DDT, and DDE were prepared according to their concentrations previously measured in the milk of Canadian women, and dose-response effects were tested on the proliferation of MCF7-E3 cells in vitro, and in vivo experiments."( Effects of postnatal exposure to a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and p-p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene in prepubertal and adult female Sprague-Dawley rats.
Cole, J; Cooke, GM; Desaulniers, D; Leingartner, K; Soumano, K; Wade, M; Yagminas, A; Yang, J, )		0.13
" The concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in sera of the dosed mice were determined by the Serozyme kits (Bio-Ekon biotechnology Co."( [Study on reproductive and developmental toxicity of the pregnant mice and their foetus co-administered by p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC].
Chen, L; Liu, GH; Mo, SX; Yang, KD, 2006)		0.33
"(1) Reproductive effects: with increase of the administered p,p'-DDE and P-BHC,the organ coefficient of uterus and its intraluminal fluid increased, the unterine nidation quantity decreased, the anogenital distance (AGD) and ratio of female to male raised, the concentration of estradiol and progesterone in sera of the dosed mice went up, and the abundant expression of alpha-ER and GnRH mRNA rised while beta-EP dropped in placentae in a dose-dependant manner."( [Study on reproductive and developmental toxicity of the pregnant mice and their foetus co-administered by p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC].
Chen, L; Liu, GH; Mo, SX; Yang, KD, 2006)		0.33
"There were striking dose-response relations between serum concentrations of six selected POPs and the prevalence of diabetes."( A strong dose-response relation between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and diabetes: results from the National Health and Examination Survey 1999-2002.
Baker, BA; Jacobs, DR; Lee, DH; Lee, IK; Song, K; Steffes, M; Toscano, W, 2006)		0.33
" It is concluded that although 3-MeSO2-DDE is an interesting candidate for therapeutic use due to its potential characteristics to specifically target adrenocortical tumour cells the slow elimination of the compound might make it challenging to design appropriate dosage regimes."( Pharmacokinetics of the adrenocorticolytic compounds 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE and o,p'-DDD (mitotane) in Minipigs.
Bergman, A; Brandt, I; Cantillana, T; Hermansson, V; Hovander, L; Ljungvall, K; Magnusson, U; Törneke, K, 2008)		0.35
"We found that treatment with p,p'-DDE induced a dose-response increase in the proliferation of CAMA-1 cells when cultivated in the presence of physiological concentrations of estrogens and androgens, but not in the absence of sex steroids in the cell culture medium."( 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) disrupts the estrogen-androgen balance regulating the growth of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells.
Aubé, M; Ayotte, P; Larochelle, C, 2008)		0.35
" VTG-1 and VTG-2 were recommended as the preferred biomarker for assessing anti-androgenic p,p'-DDE because they were the highest up-regulated among the genes and showed good dose-response relationship."( Effects of p,p'-DDE exposure on gonadal development and gene expression in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).
Hu, J; Zhang, Z, 2008)		0.35
" In addition, in this multivariate model, a non-linear dose-response curve was observed between Total DDT body burden (sum of the three DDT-derivatives measured: p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD) and IGF-I in pre-pubertal male children (6-15years; p=0."( Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) serum concentrations in healthy children and adolescents: relationship to level of contamination by DDT-derivative pesticides.
Alvarez-León, EE; Apolinario, R; Boada, LD; Lara, PC; Losada, A; Luzardo, OP; Serra-Majem, L; Zumbado, M, 2010)		0.36
"All DDT metabolites tested revealed a clear dose-response relationship for cytotoxicity in RTG-2 cells, but no dioxin-like activities with RTL-W1 cells."( Toxicity, dioxin-like activities, and endocrine effects of DDT metabolites--DDA, DDMU, DDMS, and DDCN.
Braunbeck, T; Erdinger, L; Hallare, AV; Hollert, H; Otte, JC; Rastall, A; Ricking, M; Schwarzbauer, J; Wetterauer, B, 2012)		0.38
" Application of the model was restricted by the current lack of quantitative dose-response relationships between non-toxic stress and survival and reproduction."( Modelling the impact of toxic and disturbance stress on white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) populations.
Foppen, RP; Hendriks, AJ; Korsman, JC; Lenders, HJ; Schipper, AM, 2012)		0.38
" A significant log dose-response relationship was found between log fiber concentration and organism mortality."( Use of solid phase microextraction to estimate toxicity: relating fiber concentrations to toxicity--part I.
Ding, Y; Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; You, J, 2012)		0.38
" Its pharmacokinetic properties are not fully elucidated and different dosing regimens have never been compared head to head."( Comparison of two mitotane starting dose regimens in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.
Allolio, B; Baudin, E; Chadarevian, R; Fassnacht, M; Haak, HR; Kerkhofs, TM; Leboulleux, S; Mantero, F; Mueller, HH; Skogseid, B; Terzolo, M, 2013)		0.39
"The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between mitotane dose and plasma concentration comparing two dosing regimens."( Comparison of two mitotane starting dose regimens in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.
Allolio, B; Baudin, E; Chadarevian, R; Fassnacht, M; Haak, HR; Kerkhofs, TM; Leboulleux, S; Mantero, F; Mueller, HH; Skogseid, B; Terzolo, M, 2013)		0.39
" In order to elucidate effects of PCBs and DDT on thyroid hormone homeostasis, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE intraperitoneally (ip) for five consecutive days and sacrificed within 24 h after the last dose."( PCB153 and p,p'-DDE disorder thyroid hormones via thyroglobulin, deiodinase 2, transthyretin, hepatic enzymes and receptors.
Ha, M; Li, L; Liu, C; Yang, K, 2014)		0.4
" To test the hypothesis that the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways would play significant roles in TH imbalance caused by PCBs and DDT, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days, and human thyroid follicular epithelial (Nthy-ori 3-1 cell line) were treated with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE for different time."( The PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways elevate thyroid hormone receptor β1 and TRH receptor to decrease thyroid hormones after exposure to PCB153 and p,p'-DDE.
Duan, P; Ha, M; Li, L; Liu, C; Qi, S; Yang, K, 2015)		0.42
" In the second project, female ICR mice were implanted with silicone and dosed with p,p'-DDE and PCB118 by intraperitoneal injection."( In vivo contaminant partitioning to silicone implants: Implications for use in biomonitoring and body burden.
Anderson, KA; Carozza, S; Kerkvliet, NI; O'Connell, SG; Pennington, J; Rohlman, D, 2015)		0.42
" After dosing for 104 days, histological assessments and reproductive-endpoints were assessed."( Effects of environmental endocrine disruptors, including insecticides used for malaria vector control on reproductive parameters of male rats.
Bornman, MS; de Jager, C; Joubert, AM; Naidoo, V; Patrick, SM; Pitts, N, 2016)		0.43
" Difference in difference model results showed that persistent organic pollutant (POP) exposure was positively associated with T2D in a dose-response manner."( The Relationship between Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes among First Nations in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada: A Difference in Difference Analysis.
Batal, M; Chan, HM; Fediuk, K; Hu, X; Ing, A; Marushka, L; Sadik, T; Schwartz, H; Tikhonov, C, 2018)		0.48
" After adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex and body mass index, all six OCPs showed positive associations with type 2 diabetes in a linear dose-response manner."( Exposure to organochlorine pesticides and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the population of East China.
Han, X; Jiang, G; Li, A; Li, Y; Meng, L; Turyk, ME; Wang, P; Xu, Y; Yang, R; Zhang, F; Zhang, J; Zhang, Q, 2020)		0.56
" The BART method found dose-response functions similar to the BKMR model."( Prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and child reading skills at school age.
Braun, JM; Calafat, AM; Chen, A; Dietrich, KN; Jandarov, R; Lanphear, BP; McCandless, L; Sjödin, A; Vuong, AM; Xie, C; Yolton, K; Zhang, H, 2020)		0.56
" Dose-response meta-analysis suggested a non-linear relation between p,p'-DDE and T2D."( Exposure to the pesticide DDT and risk of diabetes and hypertension: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Baltazar-Reyes, MC; Cupul-Uicab, LA; Hernández-Mariano, JÁ; Salazar-Martínez, E, 2022)		0.72
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
persistent organic pollutantAny environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains.
human xenobiotic metaboliteAny human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
chlorophenylethyleneA chlorohydrocarbon that is consists of ethylene in which one or more hydrogens are replaced by chlorophenyl groups.
monochlorobenzenesAny member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (56)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency5.01190.044717.8581100.0000AID485294
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.631035.7641100.0000AID504339
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency15.84895.623417.292931.6228AID485281
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency58.08273.189029.884159.4836AID1224846; AID1224894
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency32.71810.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.52310.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247; AID588516; AID743053; AID743063
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.82980.001318.074339.8107AID926; AID938
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency37.33210.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.39220.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.26260.000417.946075.1148AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.34440.000214.376460.0339AID588533; AID720691
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency66.44630.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159553
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.88940.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency52.86550.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.01470.375827.485161.6524AID588526; AID588527; AID743217
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.52350.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency47.30100.000229.305416,493.5996AID1259383; AID743075; AID743079
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.707936.904389.1251AID504333
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.001024.504861.6448AID588535
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency37.45880.001019.414170.9645AID743191
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.035520.977089.1251AID504332
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.76150.001628.015177.1139AID1224843; AID1224895; AID1259385; AID1259395
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency52.61980.143427.612159.8106AID1159516; AID1159519
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.855519.739145.978464.9432AID1159509; AID1159518
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency47.02000.057821.109761.2679AID1159526; AID1159528
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency123.73970.039147.5451146.8240AID1224845; AID1224896
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.707925.111941.2351AID485349
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.66840.006026.168889.1251AID540317
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.90080.01789.637444.6684AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency45.86090.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency49.97140.042027.378961.6448AID743210
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.039816.784239.8107AID995
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency61.69700.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform IHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.075215.225339.8107AID485360
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.004611.374133.4983AID624297
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.94330.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency3.57170.020010.786931.6228AID912
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency58.72330.002319.595674.0614AID651631; AID720552
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.53470.026622.448266.8242AID651802
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.94331.000012.224831.6228AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)15.48820.00101.979414.1600AID255211
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (134)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic processNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic processNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathwayNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterolNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythmNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiationNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue developmentNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiationNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (38)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
oxysterol bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activityNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (20)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleusNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (33)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID255211Inhibitory concentration against recombinant rat androgen receptor expressed in Escherichia coli using [3H]methyltrienolone (R 1881)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18
Impact of induced fit on ligand binding to the androgen receptor: a multidimensional QSAR study to predict endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals.
AID1102172Root bioconcentration factor assessed as compound concentration in tomato plant dry mass to compound concentration in soil dry mass after 1 to 15 days post germination2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102176Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) root after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102178Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) root after 16 to 59 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102182Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leaves after 16 to 59 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102180Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) stem after 16 to 59 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102177Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) stem after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102171Root bioconcentration factor assessed as compound concentration in tomato plant dry mass to compound concentration in soil dry mass after 16 to 59 days post germination2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102184Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leaves after 1 to 15 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102179Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leaves after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102183Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) stem after 1 to 15 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID433903Hepatotoxicity in mouse assessed as carcinogenic potency2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 44, Issue:9
Development of QSAR models for predicting hepatocarcinogenic toxicity of chemicals.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1102181Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) root after 1 to 15 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102170Root bioconcentration factor assessed as compound concentration in tomato plant dry mass to compound concentration in soil dry mass after 60 to 151 days post germination2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102174Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit flesh after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID1102173Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit peel after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis2003Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (2,151)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990557 (25.89)18.7374
1990's206 (9.58)18.2507
2000's594 (27.62)29.6817
2010's633 (29.43)24.3611
2020's161 (7.48)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 6.99

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index6.99 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.73 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.71 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (6.99)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials13 (0.58%)5.53%
Reviews70 (3.10%)6.00%
Case Studies7 (0.31%)4.05%
Observational3 (0.13%)0.25%
Other2,166 (95.88%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
benzene
[no description available]		2.4720aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
carbamates
[no description available]		2.3720amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		1.9710carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.9940alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
chlordecone
[no description available]		3.73100cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
choline
[no description available]		1.9510cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0110tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.3620halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dibenzofuran
Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.520dibenzofurans;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		xenobiotic
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.9140sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.3820aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		8.021000chlorocyclohexane
glycine
[no description available]		2.0210alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		1.9810carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		2.0110aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.0210imidazole
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.1510diatomic iodinenutrient
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.4320alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
1-octanol
1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0610octanol;
primary alcohol		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
fuel additive;
kairomone;
plant metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		3.9130C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		3.5990aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene
phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon;
phenanthrenes		environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.7830benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
putrescine
[no description available]		1.9510alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		1.9510hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		2.0110primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.2510isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.0210benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.		2.4110non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
1,2-dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.		2.0410hydrazinesalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		1.9710aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.		2.3820chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
trichlorobenzene		defoliant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.8840chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
4-nonylphenol
4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.		2.9240phenolsenvironmental contaminant
phenytoin
[no description available]		2.6630imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
acephate
acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.		1.9610mixed diacylamine;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		2.4110acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.0110dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
atrazine
[no description available]		3.0950chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
azinphosmethyl
Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.		3.0750benzotriazines;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.4420ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
butylbenzyl phthalate
spatozoate: structure in first source		2.0210benzyl ester
caffeine
[no description available]		2.2110purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0510bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
carbofuran
Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.7301-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		1.9910hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		3.4720organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.		3.3260chloropyridine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
clomiphene
[no description available]		2.0210tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
coumaphos
Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.		2.6630organic thiophosphate;
organochlorine compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diazinon
Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		2.3520organic thiophosphate;
pyrimidines		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
nematicide;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		16.741,0242benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos
Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		1.9810alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		2.0110ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
benzophenone
benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		2.0210benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
disulfoton
Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.		1.9510organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.43203-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
endosulfan
Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.		5.29510cyclic sulfite ester;
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.3920
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		1.9910aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		1.9610ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fenthion
Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.		1.9510organic thiophosphateacaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
fenvalerate
fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		2.0310aromatic ether;
carboxylic ester;
monochlorobenzenes		pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
fipronil
fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.		2.5820(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
dichlorobenzene;
nitrile;
primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfoxide
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		4.41210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
furazolidone
Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.		2.0110nitrofuran antibiotic;
oxazolidines		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
glyphosate
glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).		2.0210glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide
heptachlor
Heptachlor: A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989). heptachlor : A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations.		6.64700cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideagrochemical;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.3620bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		1.9510barbiturates
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		3.4720dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		2.0110dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		3.74110diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
methamidophos
methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.		1.9610organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide
methoxychlor
Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.		5.77290organochlorine insecticide
methyl parathion
Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		2.3820C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
genotoxin
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		2.6830aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		9.42273diarylmethane
nafoxidine
Nafoxidine: An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.0210benzenes;
naphthalenes;
ring assembly
nilutamide
[no description available]		2.0310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.9540dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		3.0650barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		1.95102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenothrin
phenothrin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0110cyclopropanecarboxylate esterpyrethroid ester insecticide
phorate
Phorate: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. phosphatidylcholine O-34:2 : A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 2 double bonds.		2.3520organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
propanil
Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.		1.9510anilide;
dichlorobenzene		herbicide
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.0510phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propoxur
Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.		2.0210aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
sb 202190
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase		2.0610imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
phenols;
pyridines		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
simazine
Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.		210chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		2.0510
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.0510isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
triclosan
[no description available]		2.1710aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluralin
Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.		2.730(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
substituted aniline		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
corticosterone
[no description available]		3.387011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.021016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		1.9710nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.051402-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		2.42203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
aldosterone
[no description available]		2.94011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
norethandrolone
Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.		1.9510corticosteroid hormone
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		2.422017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
androsterone
[no description available]		2.021017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.031017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
17-desoxyestradiol
estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol : A 3-hydroxy steroid resulting from deoxygenation at position 17 of estradiol or estrone.		2.02103-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		estrogen
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		3.56802-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
benz(a)anthracene
benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.		2.0310ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		6.2742glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		2.713017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
chlordan
Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		8.1700cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideGABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		3.1250steroid ester
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		1.9510ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.528017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		1.9710adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		1.9610amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		2.0310organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.1710amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.442017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.6430carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		1.9510aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		1.9810
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		1.961020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		3.0510alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		2.0310diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.4320chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
dimethyl sulfone
[no description available]		2.6830sulfone
hexachloroethane
[no description available]		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethanes		carcinogenic agent;
refrigerant
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.0210oxo steroid
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		2.392017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		4.9850chloroethanespolar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.021020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.1710L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)		11.483530chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		xenobiotic metabolite
perthane
perthane: structure		2.4420
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		2.1710aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-chlorobenzoic acid
4-chlorobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chlorobenzoic acid : A monochlorobenzoic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.		2.1310monochlorobenzoic acidbacterial xenobiotic metabolite
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.4110alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		1.9710alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
ethyl chloride
Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.		2.0510chloroethanesantipruritic drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
local anaesthetic
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.3820chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
bromodichloromethane
bromodichloromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. bromodichloromethane : A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water.		2.0510halomethaneenvironmental contaminant;
reagent
methanesulfonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310alkanesulfonic acid;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite
pentachloroethane
[no description available]		2.0510chloroethanesnon-polar solvent
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		3.88120benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
1,1,2-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified. 1,1,2-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2.		2.0510chloroethanes
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.0510chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2.		2.0510chloroethanes
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		5.34100bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
[no description available]		2.4320
p-tert-amylphenol
p-tert-amylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210alkylbenzene
1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone
1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone: intermediate in the production of dyes		2.0510anthraquinone
quintozene
quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
C-nitro compound;
pentachlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical
bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid
bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid: a metabolite of DDT; RN given refers to parent cpd.. bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid : A organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid having two 4-chlorophenyl substituents attached at the 2-position.		3.5790monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
dicyclohexyl phthalate
[no description available]		2.0510diester;
phthalate ester
2-sec-butylphenol
2-sec-butylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-sec-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol carrying a butan-2-yl group at position 2.		2.0210phenols
michler's ketone
[no description available]		2.0510benzophenones
4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone
4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone: structure		1.9610benzophenones
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		5.0470aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
4-phenylphenol
4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.		2.0210hydroxybiphenyls
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.0210xanthene
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0210benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
cdec
CDEC: structure		2.0510thiocarbonyl compound
2,4-diaminotoluene
2,4-diaminotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. 2,4-diaminotoluene : An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.		2.0510aminotoluenemetabolite
4-chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene
4-chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510monochlorobenzenes
styrene oxide
styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.		1.9710epoxidehuman xenobiotic metabolite
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for bromine & chlorine moieties		1.9710organochlorine compound
1,2,3-trichloropropane
[no description available]		2.0510organochlorine compound
butylphen
butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.		2.0210phenolsallergen
5-nitro-2-toluidine
5-nitro-2-toluidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-nitro-o-toluidine : A C-nitro compound in which the nitro compound is meta to the amino group and para to the methyl group of o-toluidine.		2.0510C-nitro compound
5-nitro-2-methoxyaniline
5-nitro-2-methoxyaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.05104-nitroanisoles;
substituted aniline
methylparaben
methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.		2.0210parabenantifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
styrene
Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.		2.1510styrenes;
vinylarene;
volatile organic compound		mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite
triclocarban
triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.		2.1710dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
di-(4-aminophenyl)ether
di-(4-aminophenyl)ether: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
monobenzone
monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.		2.0210benzyl etherallergen;
dermatologic drug;
melanin synthesis inhibitor
1,3-butadiene
buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.		2.0510butadienecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.0310alkane
3-chlorophenol
3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.		2.0210monochlorophenol
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		2.0510cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
dicofol
Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.6990monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine acaricide;
tertiary alcohol
tetrafluoroethylene
tetrafluoroethylene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510fluorocarbon
tecnazene
tetrachloronitrobenzene: sprout suppressant for potatoes; can be either the 1,2,4,5- and/or the 1,2,3,5-tetrachloro isomer; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. tecnazene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which the four hydrogens located ortho- and para- to the nitro group have been replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used to control dry rot, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
C-nitro compound;
tetrachlorobenzene		antifungal agrochemical
2-aminoanthraquinone
[no description available]		2.0510anthraquinone
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.7330diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		10.892340aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
anthracene
acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.		2.4620acene;
anthracenes;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
cresidine
cresidine: structure		2.0510methoxybenzenes
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0610anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone: structure in first source		2.0210benzophenones
amiben
Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510chlorobenzoic acid
2,4,5-trimethylaniline
2,4,5-trimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510substituted aniline
4,4'-thiodianiline
4,4'-thiodianiline: structure		2.0510substituted aniline
4-tert-octylphenol
4-tert-octylphenol: structure given in first source		2.730alkylbenzene
tetraphenylborate
Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.		1.9610
pregnenolone
[no description available]		2.422020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.0710ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin: structure		2.4720dibenzodioxine;
heteranthrene;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
oxacycle;
polycyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		4.991201,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.37201,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
paraoxon
[no description available]		2.3520aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.0110organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
bromacil
bromacil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromacil : A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.. 5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione : A pyrimidone that is pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a bromo group at position 5, a butan-2-yl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 6.		1.9710organobromine compound;
pyrimidone
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		3.5380dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
flurothyl
Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.		1.9610ether
perfluorooctanoic acid
perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.		2.5220fluoroalkanoic acidcarcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
surfactant;
xenobiotic
perfluorodecanoic acid
perfluorodecanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated decanoic acid.		2.1310fluoroalkanoic acidenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		3.286020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.151017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
epitestosterone
Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.		2.021017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen antagonist;
human metabolite
flavanone
flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.		2.0210flavanones
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.4620dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
chlorobenzilate
chlorobenzilate: structure		2.0510diarylmethane
androstenediol
Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		3.7210017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		2.0210flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
1,1-diphenylethylene
1,1-diphenylethylene: structure		1.9910
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.9840dialdehydebiomarker
resazurin
resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure		2.0210phenoxazine
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		2.0110hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
18-hydroxycorticosterone
[no description available]		1.951011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allethrins
Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9510cyclopropanecarboxylate esterpyrethroid ester insecticide
4-cumylphenol
[no description available]		2.0210diarylmethane
5-nitroacenaphthene
[no description available]		2.0510nitronaphthalene
pentachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.		2.4620pentachlorobenzenespersistent organic pollutant
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		3.1550acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane		2.0510chloroethanes
triphenyltin chloride
triphenyltin chloride: see also triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin hydroxide. fentin chloride : An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a chloro group. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.		2.0510chlorine molecular entity;
organotin compound		antifungal agrochemical;
immunosuppressive agent
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.432017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		210N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
o,p'-ddt
o,p'-DDT: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation.		6.47401diarylmethane
norflurane
norflurane: may replace R 12 as air-conditioning refrigerant; structure given in first source		1.9910
ametryne
ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		1.9710diamino-1,3,5-triazine;
methylthio-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide
hydroxyethyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.1510enoate esterallergen;
polymerisation monomer
fonofos
Fonofos: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		1.9510organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
heptachlor epoxide
Heptachlor Epoxide: An oxidation product of HEPTACHLOR formed by many plants and animals, including humans, after exposure to HEPTACHLOR. It has been shown to remain in soil treated with HEPTACHLOR for over fifteen years and is toxic to animals and humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989)		6.44340oxanes
endosulfan sulfate
[no description available]		3.4870
4-hydroxybenzophenone
4-hydroxybenzophenone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210benzophenones
decabromobiphenyl ether
decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.		2.5420polybromodiphenyl etherneurotoxin
ferrous sulfide
ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S		2.0310
4-chloro-2-cresol
4-chloro-2-cresol: metabolite of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid & other phenoxyacetic acid herbicides; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-2-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is o-cresol in which the hydrogen para to the hydroxy group is replaced by a chlorine.		2.0210monochlorobenzenes;
phenols
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.		2.0510polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
4-octylphenol
4-octylphenol: xenoestrogen. 4-octylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by an octyl group.		2.4220phenolsmetabolite;
surfactant;
xenoestrogen
pentachloromethylthiobenzene
[no description available]		2.1110
nitrofen
nitrofen: structure		2.0510organic molecular entityEC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.		1.9910aromatic fungicide;
dinitrile;
tetrachlorobenzene		antifungal agrochemical
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.4120organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
phenylphosphonothioic acid, 2-ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide.		2.3520organic phosphonate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphonic ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
octachloronaphthalene
Perna: A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.		2.7730
1,5-naphthalenediamine
1,5-diaminonaphthalene: structure in first source. naphthalene-1,5-diamine : A naphthalenediamine compound having amino substituents in the 1- and 5-positions.		2.0510naphthalenediaminecarcinogenic agent
mirex
Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.		7.58261chlorocarbon;
organochlorine insecticide		persistent organic pollutant
2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure. 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
tetrachlorobiphenyl
ddms
DDMS: a water soluble and highly specific inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 omega-hydroxylase		3.8930chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes
chloroneb
chloroneb: structure. chloroneb : A dimethoxybenzene that is p-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 5. A fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, it is not approved for use in the European Union.		2.610aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
dimethoxybenzene		antifungal agrochemical
n-methylamino-2-nitro-4-n',n'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene
N-methylamino-2-nitro-4-N',N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene: structure		2.0510C-nitro compound
methyl methanethiosulfonate
S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.		2.610sulfonic acid derivative;
thiosulfonate ester		metabolite
octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		3.6430polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
3-phenoxybenzoic acid
3-phenoxybenzoic acid: metabolite associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid : A phenoxybenzoic acid in which the phenoxy group is meta to the carboxy group. It is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides.		2.4220phenoxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		2.0410carbon oxoanion
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd. mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : The mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.0310phthalic acid monoester
chlorophenol red
chlorophenol red: used in transport studies of goldfish renal tubules; structure		1.9510
ethylene dimethanesulfonate
ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure		210
1-hydroxypyrene
1-hydroxypyrene: pyrene metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.3260pyrenes
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		3.5170
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		1.9510elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		7.9611elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		210chromium group element atommicronutrient
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.4420metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.5220copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.0310titanium group element atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		4.29190cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		2.4320chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		1.9410diatomic bromine
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.1310dihydrogen
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		4.75100diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
molybdate ion
molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid		210divalent inorganic anion;
molybdenum oxoanion		Escherichia coli metabolite
vasotocin
Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.		2.0510
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		2.1710elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		2.0210aluminium sulfate
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.0210benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
ac 45594
[no description available]		2.0210aromatic ether
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.0310titanium oxidesfood colouring
benomyl
[no description available]		2.0210aromatic amide;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
anthelminthic drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
fenitrothion
Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.		2.940C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
1,2-diphenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0510
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		2.0510chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
1,4-dioxane
1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.		2.0510dioxane;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
non-polar solvent
chloroprene
Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.		2.0510chloroolefin
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.5220ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		2103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		2.4320
alkenes
[no description available]		1.9410
2-bromoethanesulfonic acid
2-bromoethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a methanogenic inhibitor		210
octachlorostyrene
[no description available]		2.0710organochlorine compound
pirimiphos methyl
pirimiphos methyl: structure. pirimiphos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.		2.0110aminopyrimidine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide
pcb 118
[no description available]		3.570dichlorobenzene;
pentachlorobiphenyl;
trichlorobenzene
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.		2.4420dichlorobenzene;
tetrachlorobiphenyl
pcb 74
[no description available]		2.610
3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		2.0610hexachlorobiphenyl;
trichlorobenzene
procymidone
procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.		3.8130
kc 400
KC 400: mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.		2.0110dichlorobenzene;
tetrachlorobiphenyl
promegestone
Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.		2.021020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		antineoplastic agent;
progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobiphenyl;
monochlorobenzenes
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		7.91760hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		3.9110polychlorobiphenyl
pcb 180
PCB 180: C12-H3-Cl7		3.5170polychlorobiphenyl
2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.		3.0140dichlorobenzene;
tetrachlorobiphenyl
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin: contaminant of pentachlorophenol		3.3620polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		2.8130
2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		2.940
2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		2.110dichlorobenzene;
hexachlorobiphenyl;
tetrachlorobenzene
vinclozolin
vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.		4.99120dicarboximide;
dichlorobenzene;
olefinic compound;
oxazolidinone
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran: toxic product which was generated in Italy due to an explosion in a plant manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol		2.0210polychlorinated dibenzofuran
hexazinone
hexazinone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		1.97101,3,5-triazines
deoxynivalenol
deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.		2.0210cyclic ketone;
enone;
primary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
trichothecene;
triol		mycotoxin
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.7430cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).		2.0310
decamethrin
decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4520aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organobromine compound		agrochemical;
antifeedant;
calcium channel agonist;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
fenarimol
fenarimol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the treatment of blackspot, mildew and rust in tomatoes, peppers and melons, but is not approved for use within the European Union.. (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-chlorophenyl group while the other is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.0110acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		2.0210
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		2103-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.0810tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		1.9510hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0210stilbenoid
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.		2.4420pentachlorobiphenyl;
trichlorobenzene
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0110organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
1,2-distearoyllecithin
[no description available]		1.9810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.2110glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taleranol
taleranol: a metabolite of ZEARALENONE which is a non-steroidal estrogenic lactone used as an anabolic compound in animal feed; a stereoisomer of ZERANOL (alpha-zearalanol)		2.0210macrolide
bisphenol b
[no description available]		2.0210bisphenol
trenbolone acetate
Trenbolone Acetate: An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.		2.7230steroid ester
tetraphenylarsonium
tetraphenylarsonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylarsonium : An arsonium ion consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central arsonium.		1.9610arsonium ion
delphinidin
Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.		2.6630anthocyanidin chloride
alfatradiol
alfatradiol: used for treating androgenetic alopecia. 17alpha-estradiol : An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).		2.021017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
estradiol		estrogen;
geroprotector
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.41102-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone
[no description available]		2.0210benzophenones
6-hydroxyflavone
6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source		2.0210hydroxyflavonoid
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.		2.8330perfluoroalkanesulfonic acidantilipemic drug;
persistent organic pollutant
methylene green
methylene green: stain; 4-nitro(methylene blue); RN given refers to chloride. methylene green : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-4-nitrophenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It stains nuclei green and is sometimes used as a counterstain to red or purple primary stains.		2.0310organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
histological dye
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane: methoxychlor metabolite		2.4520bisphenol
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol
[no description available]		2.0110
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene
[no description available]		2.0210diarylmethane
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.05103-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.520
equol
Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.		2.0210hydroxyisoflavans
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane: structure in first source		2.0310
androstan-3-ol
[no description available]		2.02103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
[no description available]		4.06130aromatic ether;
organobromine compound
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-3, -3', -5 and -5'.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
hydroxybiphenyls
3,3'-Dihydroxyhexestrol
[no description available]		2.0210stilbenoid
endosulfan ether
[no description available]		2.1710
foxes
Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.		2.6930
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0110aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.723017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source		2.0210biphenyls;
tetrachlorobenzene
Zearalanone
[no description available]		2.0210macrolide;
resorcinols
1,3-di-(1-pyrenyl)propane
1,3-di-(1-pyrenyl)propane: intramolecular eximer probe		1.9810
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313)
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus		210
1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene
1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene: structure given in first source		4.2170
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.5220fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tenax
tenax: porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide; used for trapping volatile organic compounds		2.7730
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.		2.7730fullerenegeroprotector
4-androstene-3,17-diol
4-androstene-3,17-diol: RN given refers to (3alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.02103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.		2.0310
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.0310
4'-hydroxyflavanone
4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source. 4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.		2.02104'-hydroxyflavanones;
monohydroxyflavanone
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		1.9510bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene
2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene: structure given in first source; metabolite of o,p-DDD (mitotane)		7.18112diarylmethane
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
2-chlorobiphenyl
2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.		210monochlorobiphenyl
mibolerone
mibolerone: prevents estrus in animals & prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis; minor descriptor (80-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NANDROLONE/AA (80-83); RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure. mibolerone : An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		4.02140
metribolone
Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		androgen
calcein am
calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.		2.13102-benzofurans;
acetate ester;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		1.9510
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.3360heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		1.9610deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		2.0510limoneneplant metabolite
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.1310cyclodextrin
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.1710retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		1.9710icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.5790retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.2110D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.0410benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0810icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		2.0310butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.9340olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.0210phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
imidazolidines
[no description available]		2.0310azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.02102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
diisononyl phthalate
diisononyl phthalate: dielectric (electric insulating) fluid. diisononyl phthalate : The diisononyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.4820diester;
phthalate ester		plasticiser
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.		2.0210chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		1.9610isomethyleugenol
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		1.9510stilbene
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.0410alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		2.0210pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		2.0510ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
dieldrin
Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.		8.831740epoxide;
organochlorine compound;
organochlorine insecticide		carcinogenic agent;
xenobiotic
isoeugenol
[no description available]		2.0210isoeugenol
ethylenethiourea
Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.		2.3920imidazolidines
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.3820cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		3.2460stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
nadp
[no description available]		1.9610
6-hydroxyflavanone
6-hydroxyflavanone : A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.		2.0210monohydroxyflavanonefungal xenobiotic metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		1.9610cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.4720barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
dimethylstilbestrol
dimethylstilbestrol: stilbene derivative with anti-estrogenic & anti-fertility activities; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search STILBENES (75-85); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0210stilbenoid
phosphamidon
Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		1.9510
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		1.9510organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.0510
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9610biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		3.3360prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.7930monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.0810all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.02107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fucoxanthin
fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.		2.610
lutein
Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.		2.4110carotenolfood colouring;
plant metabolite
zearalenone
Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.		2.9910macrolide;
resorcinols		fungal metabolite;
mycoestrogen
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.4320coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
7-hydroxyflavone
7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.		2.0210hydroxyflavonoid
domoic acid
domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).		2.4620L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid;
tricarboxylic acid		algal metabolite;
hapten;
marine metabolite;
neuromuscular agent;
neurotoxin
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.02104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
4-hydroxychalcone
4-hydroxychalcone: structure in first source. 4-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.		2.0210chalcones;
phenols		antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite
4'-hydroxychalcone
4'-hydroxychalcone: inhibits TNFalpha-induced NF-κB activation; structure in first source. 4'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4'.		2.0210chalcones;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent
4,4'-dihydroxystilbene
[no description available]		2.0210stilbene-4,4'-diol
11-ketotestosterone
11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.		2.723011-oxo steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha: main metabolite of PGF2alpha in plasma after allergen provoked asthma; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha)-isomer; structure. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group and hydrogenation of the 13,14-double bond of prostaglandin F2alpha.		2.0710ketone;
prostaglandins Falpha		metabolite
cinnamyl anthranilate
[no description available]		2.0510benzoate ester
iodopyracet
Iodopyracet: An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). diodone : A 4-pyridone in which the pyridone is iodo-substituted at C-3 and -5 and has a carboxymethyl substituent on nitrogen; used as a radiocontrast agent urography.		1.9510
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		1.9610morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
4-hydroxystilbene
4-hydroxystilbene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. stilben-4-ol : A phenol having the structure of stilbene with a hydroxy function at C-4 of one of the phenyl rings; the stereochemistry across the alkene bond is not specified.		2.0210stilben-4-ol
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.0110morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		1.9510amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		5.58230carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		2.2510carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		1.9410metalloid atom;
pnictogen
mevinphos
Mevinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		3.0510
muconic acid
muconic acid: a metabolite of benzene; reported to be a reliable indicator of occupational exposure to benzene; structure given in first source. trans,trans-muconic acid : The trans,trans-isomer of muconic acid. It is metabolite of benzene in humans and serves as a biomarker of occupational exposure to benzene.. muconic acid : A hexadienedioic acid with unsaturation at positions 2 and 4.		2.0410muconic acidbiomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite
triphenyltin
triphenyltin: triphenyltin derivatives widely used as pesticides; all of first source is triphenyltin cpds		2.4420
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.6430boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
ethylmorphine
Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.		1.9610morphinane alkaloid
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		4.34200metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.3520chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
diphenylhexatriene
Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.		2.3920alkatrienefluorochrome
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		1.98101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		1.9710cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.7330monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		3.89120chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
cholestanol
Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.		2.0410cholestanoid
bifenthrin
bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.		2.7930carboxylic ester;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
diadinoxanthin
diadinoxanthin: RN given refers to (beta,beta)-(3S,3'R,5R,6S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.610triterpenoid
6 beta-hydroxycortisol
6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.		3.421111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
6beta-hydroxy steroid;
C21-steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
probe
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		1.9510isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.0510
aldicarb
Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.		1.9510
phoxim
phoxim: structure		2.0310
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (z)-(1rs)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (Z)-(1RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate: used as an insecticide agent. (Z)-(1S)-cis-tefluthrin : A 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.		2.07102,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
tribromodiphenyl ether 28
4-bromophenyl 2,4-dibromophenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines.		2.110polybromodiphenyl ether
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		1.9710
hexabromodiphenyl ether 154
2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether: structure in first source		2.520aromatic ether;
organobromine compound
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		1.9510organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.7830
antarelix
antarelix: a synthetic decapeptide, water-soluble LHRH antagonist; structure in first source		2.4120
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		210glycoside
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.65301,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
diazepinylbenzoic acid
diazepinylbenzoic acid: a retinoid x receptor and PPARgamma inhibitor		2.1310
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.0810
nnc 55-0396
NNC 55-0396: a calcium channel blocker with high selectivity for CaV3 channels over high voltage activated channels; structure in first source. NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of NNC 55-0396. It is a stable analogue of mibefradil and a highly selective T-type calcium channel blocker.		2.0810hydrochlorideangiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
neuroprotective agent;
potassium channel blocker;
T-type calcium channel blocker
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		1.95103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		2.1710
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.1510
endrin
Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.		4.72310
opium
oxychlordane: metabolite of chlordan more toxic to mammals than parent cpd; structure		6.5220oxanes
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		1.9510benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
dolutegravir
[no description available]		3.3110difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.0510
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		2.0210
lead radioisotopes
Lead Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.		210
pyrethrins
[no description available]		5.25150
rome
Rome: The capital city of Italy.. (2R)-2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol : A 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol that has R-configuration. It is a sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor.		2.05102-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-olEC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0510
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		1.9510
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		1.9510
nonachlor
nonachlor: component of technical chlordan & heptachlor; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		6.66250
bassianolide
bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.		3.74100cyclodepsipeptide;
cyclooctadepsipeptide		antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
insecticide
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		1.9610
aldrin
Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.		6.69740
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		2.5120
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.4220purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		2.9910folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		3.1410
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		2.4220guanosinesbiomarker
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		1.9710
eye
[no description available]		2.0210
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.4120
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		4.0630
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		1.9510
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.8330
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.7530
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.2150
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.2150
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.54160
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		05.54160
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		011.04801
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		011.04801
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.3110
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.3110
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		05.48220
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		06.9891
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		05.48220
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		06.9891
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		06.86650
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		03.150
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		03.150
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		010.381110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		014.572972
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		04.78110
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		04.3970
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		04.3870
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		04.78110
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		04.3970
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		04.3870
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		06.27120
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		03.8430
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		03.8430
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.6120
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		02.5920
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.6120
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		02.5920
ADDH
[description not available]		04.150
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		04.150
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		03.2960
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.4110
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		06.52171
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		03.2960
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		04.0450
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		011.97260
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		07.05291
Body-Weight Trajectory
A general pattern of body weight gain or loss over many years. Weight change trajectory is influenced by several determinants in children and adults.		02.4110
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		07.05291
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		04.690
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		06.59280
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		04.690
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.610
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.610
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.610
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		03.7330
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		03.7330
Hypospadias
A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.		04.9280
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		03.2340
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		03.2340
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		02.4110
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		02.4110
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		03.88110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.3670
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		03.88110
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.4110
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.610
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.4110
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.4110
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.7220
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		02.7220
Adolescent Obesity
[description not available]		03.0640
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		03.6630
Ovarian Diseases
Pathological processes of the OVARY.		03.5210
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		03.6630
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.9430
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		02.9430
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		03.0120
Autism
[description not available]		02.610
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		02.610
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		02.610
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		02.610
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.7620
Child Mental Disorders
[description not available]		03.5320
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal
[description not available]		02.610
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)		02.610
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).		03.5320
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.610
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		03.2960
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		04.23180
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.2510
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.2510
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		02.2510
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		02.2510
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		05.1191
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		02.2510
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		02.2510
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		03.6490
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		03.8521
Ciliary Dyskinesia, Primary, 1
[description not available]		02.3110
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		03.8521
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		03.250
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		02.1510
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		02.1510
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.1710
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.1710
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.5220
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.1710
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.1710
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.5220
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		02.1710
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		02.1710
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		03.9950
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		04.5451
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		04.5451
Infection
[description not available]		02.4520
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		02.4520
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		03.3260
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		03.3260
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.2110
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.2110
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		04.3670
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		04.3670
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.9140
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.9140
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		02.8330
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		02.5420
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		02.5420
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		02.8330
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		02.0810
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		02.0810
Adrenal Cortex Cancer
[description not available]		04.5251
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		04.5251
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		05.7841
Organophosphorus Poisoning
[description not available]		03.420
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		05.2640
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		03.3120
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		05.2640
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		03.3120
Organophosphate Poisoning
Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.		03.420
Child Behavior Disorders
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.		02.0810
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		02.4620
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		02.4620
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.		03.4711
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		04.0731
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		02.4520
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		02.4520
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.110
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		03.6930
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.110
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		03.4220
Fibroid
[description not available]		02.4920
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.7730
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		02.4920
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.7730
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		04.2260
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		04.2260
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.110
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.110
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		03.1150
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.5220
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		03.1150
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.5220
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.1110
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		02.1110
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		02.1110
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.1110
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.1110
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		02.1310
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		02.4920
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.4920
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		02.1110
Environmental Hypersensitivities
[description not available]		02.1110
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		02.1110
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		03.3820
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.1310
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.1310
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		02.1110
Aneuploid
[description not available]		03.4220
Ambiguous Genitalia
[description not available]		02.7430
Disorders of Sex Development
In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.		02.7430
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.1310
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		02.1310
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		02.1310
Abnormalities, Urogenital
[description not available]		02.4720
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1510
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		02.1510
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.7330
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		02.0410
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		02.0410
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0410
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		02.0410
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.9440
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.9440
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.9610
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.9610
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.6330
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.4420
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		02.4420
Labor, Premature
[description not available]		03.3770
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.4620
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.4620
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		02.7430
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		02.7430
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.0510
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.0510
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		03.3520
Developmental Coordination Disorder
[description not available]		02.0510
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		03.3520
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		02.420
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.9540
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.9540
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		02.0510
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		02.0510
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal
A highly malignant subset of neoplasms arising from the endometrial stroma. Tumors in this group infiltrate the stroma with a wide range of atypia cells and numerous mitoses. They are capable of widespread metastases (NEOPLASM METASTASIS).		02.0510
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		03.9750
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.3920
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		04.3980
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		02.3920
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.3920
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.0510
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.		02.0510
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.0510
Allergic Conjunctivitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Conjunctivitis, Allergic
Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.		02.0610
Familial Precocious Puberty
[description not available]		04.0550
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.		04.0550
Abdominal Obesity
[description not available]		02.0710
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		02.9910
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		02.9540
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		02.9540
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.2360
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.0710
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.2360
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.0710
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.0710
Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders
Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.		02.0710
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.4420
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.4420
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		02.0110
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		02.0110
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.0110
Hay Fever
[description not available]		02.0110
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		02.0110
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		02.9310
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		04.9831
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		04.9831
Avian Diseases
[description not available]		03.4680
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.2160
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		03.2920
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		03.2920
Abortion, Recurrent
[description not available]		02.0110
Abortion, Habitual
Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.		02.0110
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		02.0210
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.4120
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.4120
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		02.4120
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.		02.0210
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		03.3220
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.		02.0210
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		03.3220
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0210
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.0210
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.7130
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		02.0310
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		02.0310
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.0310
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		02.0310
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		02.0310
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		03.3120
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		03.3120
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		02.9510
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		02.0410
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		02.0410
Polyneuropathy, Acquired
[description not available]		02.0310
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.0310
Polyneuropathies
Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.		02.0310
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.0310
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0410
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		01.9510
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		01.9510
Action Tremor
[description not available]		02.6430
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		02.6430
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		02.3720
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.9750
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.8740
Botulism, Infantile
[description not available]		01.9610
Botulism
A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)		01.9610
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		02.3720
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3920
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		02.3920
Poisoning, Mercury
[description not available]		01.9810
Mercury Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.		01.9810
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.6730
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.6730
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Bleeding
[description not available]		01.9810
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9810
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		01.9810
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		01.9810
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		01.9910
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		01.9910
Hypogalactia
A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.		01.9910
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		01.9910
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		01.9910
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		01.9910
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		0210
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		0210
Cortical Lewy Body Disease
[description not available]		0210
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		0210
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		0210
Lewy Body Disease
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)		0210
Diathesis
[description not available]		0210
Impotence
[description not available]		0210
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		0210
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		0210
Infections, Morbillivirus
[description not available]		0210
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		02.3720
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		0210
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		02.0110
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.0110
Mange, Sarcoptic
[description not available]		01.9510
Scabies
A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.		01.9510
Adrenal Gland Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.		01.9510
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.3620
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		02.8640
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.8710
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.8710
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.8710
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.8710
Abortion, Veterinary
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.		01.9510
Cane-Cutter Fever
[description not available]		01.9510
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		02.3520
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		01.9510
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		01.9510
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Leptospirosis
Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.		01.9510
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		01.9510
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		01.9510
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		02.3620
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		01.9510
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		01.9510
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		01.9510
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		01.9510
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		01.9710
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		01.9710
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		01.9710
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		01.9710
Embryopathies
[description not available]		02.8810
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		03.2920
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		01.9610
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		01.9610
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum
[description not available]		01.9610
Jaundice, Neonatal
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.		01.9610
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		01.9710
Icterus
[description not available]		01.9710
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		01.9710
Cushing's Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3720
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.		02.3720
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		01.9510
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		01.9510
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		01.9510
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		01.9510
Pediculosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.		01.9510
Lice Infestations
Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)		01.9510
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		01.9510
Polyploid
[description not available]		01.9510
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		01.9510
Histomoniasis
[description not available]		01.9510
Infections, Pasteurella
[description not available]		01.9410
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		01.9410
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		01.9410
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		01.9510
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		01.9510
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		01.9510