monolaurin profile

Monolaurin is a monoglyceride composed of lauric acid attached to a glycerol molecule. It is a naturally occurring compound found in coconut oil and breast milk. Monolaurin exhibits antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various areas, including wound healing, skin infections, and gastrointestinal disorders. Monolaurin is synthesized through various methods, including chemical esterification of glycerol with lauric acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut oil. Further research is ongoing to explore its mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety in different applications.'

monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	14871
CHEMBL ID	510533
CHEBI ID	75543
CHEBI ID	75539
SCHEMBL ID	16042
MeSH ID	M0074881

Synonym
.alpha.-monolaurin
1-glyceryl laurate
glycerol monolaurate
monolaurin
glyceryl laurate
27215-38-9
glycerin monolaurate
NCI60_035284
3-dodecanoyloxy-1,2-propanediol
glyceryl monolaurate
einecs 205-526-6
1-monododecanoylglycerol
dodecanoic acid alpha-monoglyceride
glucerol alpha-monolaurate
lauric acid 1-monoglyceride
glyceryl monododecanoate
lauric acid alpha-monoglyceride
glycerin 1-monolaurate
alpha-monolaurin
1-monolauroyl-rac-glycerol
(+-)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
(+-)-glyceryl 1-monododecanoate
glycerol 1-monolaurate
laurin, 1-mono-
dodecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
40738-26-9
2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
2,3-dihydroxypropyl laurate
nsc698570
1-lauroyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%
nsc-698570
dodecanoic acid,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
glycerol 1-laurate
lauricidin
1-monolaurin
NCGC00164528-01
L-1475
rac-1-lauroylglycerol
142-18-7
chebi:75543 ,
CHEMBL510533
G0081
glycerol alpha-monolaurate
NCGC00164528-02
NCGC00164528-03
dtxcid3021275
cas-142-18-7
NCGC00254663-01
dtxsid5041275 ,
tox21_300759
tox21_112159
1-dodecanoylglycerol
1-monolauroylglycerol
rac-1-monolauroylglycerol
smr001254002
MLS004773952
CHEBI:75539
rac-2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
rac-1-dodecanoylglycerol
rac-1-monolaurin
glycerol monolaurate (van)
poem m 300
y98611c087 ,
lauricidin 802
tegin l 90
ai3-03482
monolauroylglycerin
grindtek ml 90
lauricidin r
nsc 4837
wr963y5qyw ,
aldo mld-k-fg
lauric acid, monoester with glycerol
unii-y98611c087
m 300
unii-wr963y5qyw
sunsoft 757
cithrol gml
sunsoft 750
imwitor 312
monomuls 90l12
lauricidin 812
einecs 248-337-4
dimodan ml 90
ec 205-526-6
dodecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
glycerox l 8
AKOS016005827
ec 266-944-2
sda 16-001-00
glycerides, c12-18
einecs 266-944-2
67701-26-2
FT-0625428
FT-0626744
1-lauroyl-rac-glycerol
dl-alpha-laurin
glycerol .alpha.-monolaurate
dodecanoic acid .alpha.-monoglyceride
lauric acid .alpha.-monoglyceride
glycerol 1-monododecanoate
glyceryl 1-laurate
(+/-)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
(+/-)-glyceryl 1-monododecanoate
c15h30o4
SCHEMBL16042
NCGC00164528-04
glycerol .alpha.-dodecanoate
1,2,3-propanetriol 1-dodecanoate
glycerol 1-dodecanoate
hodag gml
(.+/-.)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
(.+/-.)-glyceryl 1-monododecanoate
2,3-dihydroxypropyl laurate #
mfcd00037815
AS-60593
mg 12:0
1-monolaurin;1-lauroyl-rac-glycerol
Q2113676
FT-0774814
H10813
mag 12:0
5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyrimidinamine
A885218
HY-121620

Research Excerpts

Overview

Monolaurin (ML) is a natural compound with a wide range of antibacterial and antiviral activities. It is broadly used in the food and cosmetic industries. Its use in antimicrobial coatings of medical devices has not been studied in much detail.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Monolaurin (ML) is a natural compound with a wide range of antibacterial and antiviral activities."	( Monolaurin Confers a Protective Effect Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection in Piglets by Regulating the Interferon Pathway. Guo, S; Hou, Y; Ji, C; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wu, T; Yi, D; Zhang, Q; Zhao, D, 2021)	2.79
"Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent with a known safety record that is broadly used in the food and cosmetic industries; however, its use in antimicrobial coatings of medical devices has not been studied in much detail."	( Novel Antibacterial Coating on Orthopedic Wires To Eliminate Pin Tract Infections. Frank-Kamenetskii, A; Gil, D; Gross, C; Reukov, V; Shuvaev, S; Vertegel, A, 2017)	1.18
"Monolaurin is a natural compound that has been known for its broad antimicrobial activities. "	( In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Monolaurin against Candida albicans Biofilms. Freitas-Blanco, VS; Murata, RM; Noguti, J; Pardi, V; Seleem, D; Zancope, BR, 2018)	2.21
"Monolaurin (ML), which is a natural antimicrobial lipid, was incorporated into the SHL-PVP blended fibres to prevent delayed wound healing resulting from microbial infection."	( Design and characterisation of electrospun shellac-polyvinylpyrrolidone blended micro/nanofibres loaded with monolaurin for application in wound healing. Akkaramongkolporn, P; Chinatangkul, N; Limmatvapirat, C; Limmatvapirat, S; Panchapornpon, D; Tubtimsri, S, 2019)	1.45
"Monolaurin is a nontraditional antimicrobial agent that possesses better antimicrobial activities but causes no health problems to consumers, but the use of monolaurin in the food industry as a preservative is still limited. "	( Antibacterial interactions of monolaurin with commonly used antimicrobials and food components. Cui, Y; Feng, F; Wei, H; Zhang, H; Zhao, G, 2009)	2.08

Effects

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Monolaurin has statistically significant in vitro broad-spectrum sensitivity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates from superficial skin infections. "	( Novel antibacterial activity of monolaurin compared with conventional antibiotics against organisms from skin infections: an in vitro study. Carpo, BG; Kabara, J; Verallo-Rowell, VM, 2007)	2.07

Actions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Monolaurin did not inhibit L."	( Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by fatty acids and monoglycerides. Johnson, EA; Wang, LL, 1992)	1

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" While GML is generally recognized as safe by the FDA for topical use, its safety for chronic use and effects on normal vaginal microflora in this animal model have not been evaluated."	( Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use. Brosnahan, AJ; Brunner, KG; Haase, AT; Nephew, KR; Pambuccian, SE; Peterson, ML; Schlievert, PM; Schultz-Darken, NJ; Strandberg, KL, 2008)	0.35
" The assay in bees showed that the GML has a high toxicity while the GML nanoparticles showed a decrease on toxic effects."	( Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of glycerol monolaurate nanocapsules against American foulbrood disease agent and toxicity on bees. de Almeida Vaucher, R; Gende, L; Lopes, LQ; Raffin, RP; Santos, CG; Santos, RC, 2016)	0.43
" Glycerol monolaurate (GML), an inexpensive and safe compound, has been shown to protect against simian immunodeficiency virus infection when applied vaginally."	( Evaluation of Vaginal Drug Levels and Safety of a Locally Administered Glycerol Monolaurate Cream in Rhesus Macaques. Frieberg, A; Haase, AT; Kirtane, AR; Nephew, K; Panyam, J; Reimann, T; Rothenberger, MK; Schmidt, T; Schultz-Darken, N, 2017)	0.46

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" coli O157:H7, though enhanced inhibition by LPS-ML systems over that obtained in comparable LPS only systems was not observed in ground beef The inhibitory action of the LPS in combination with other lipids was also examined, with progressively weaker inhibition observed in combinations including palmitoleic acid, monopalmitolein, lauric acid, caprylic acid, and sodium lauryl sulphate."	( Inhibition of bacterial foodborne pathogens by the lactoperoxidase system in combination with monolaurin. Elliot, RM; Kennedy, MJ; McLay, JC; Orourke, AL; Simmonds, RS, 2002)	0.53
"The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activities of virgin coconut oil, lauric acid and monolaurin in combination with lactic acid against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 25923 and an isolate from a pig carcass, by determination of Fractional Bactericidal Concentration Index (FBCI), time-kill method, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy."	( Activity of virgin coconut oil, lauric acid or monolaurin in combination with lactic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Khopaibool, P; Tangwatcharin, P, 2012)	0.85

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The rate of absorption was significantly reduced when compared to a simple suspension formulation, a likely combination of retarded erosion of the cubic phase together with hindered drug release from the cubic matrix."	( A novel cubic phase of medium chain lipid origin for the delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. Boyd, BJ; Charman, WN; Kossena, GA; Porter, CJ, 2004)	0.32
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Monolaurin needs further pharmacokinetic studies to better understand its novel mechanisms of action, toxicity, drug interactions, and proper dosing in order to proceed to in vivo clinical studies."	( Novel antibacterial activity of monolaurin compared with conventional antibiotics against organisms from skin infections: an in vitro study. Carpo, BG; Kabara, J; Verallo-Rowell, VM, 2007)	1.53
"%, an enzyme dosage of 6 wt."	( Highly Selective Synthesis of Monolaurin via Enzymatic Transesterification under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions. Chen, F; Liu, C; Xu, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhao, F, 2019)	0.8
" The optimized ultrasonic pretreatment conditions were: lard to GML mole ratio 3:1, enzyme dosage 6 %, ultrasonic temperature 80 °C, time 9 min, power 315 W."	( Preparation and characterization of diacylglycerol via ultrasound-assisted enzyme-catalyzed transesterification of lard with glycerol monolaurate. Diao, X; Guan, H; Jia, R; Liu, D; Sun, W; Wang, Y, 2023)	0.91

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
1-monoglyceride	A monoglyceride in which the acyl substituent is located at position 1.
dodecanoate ester	Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid.
rac-1-monoacylglycerol	A racemate that is composed of equal amounts of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol and 3-acyl-sn-glycerol.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	44.7853	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID1224835
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	25.7785	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159523
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	61.1306	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259378
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.3914	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	51.9536	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.3641	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID743220
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.6738	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	21.3174	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8370	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.9019	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID743094
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	61.1306	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	61.6448	0.0420	27.3789	61.6448	AID743210
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.7828	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.3174	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.3174	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.3174	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.3174	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (55)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID509418	Antibacterial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis-mediated vaginal infection in woman assessed as effect on vaginal pH at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509424	Toxicity in woman with Lactobacillus-mediated vaginal infection assessed as adverse events at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580465	Bactericidal activity against Haemophilus at >=20 ug/ml	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID580472	Effect on growth of vaginal Lactobacillus flora in rhesus monkey administered twice daily dose of 5% compound-formulated gel for first 8 weeks followed by 3-weeks rest period and subsequent once daily dose for 1 weeks measured 6 months post dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID580467	Effect on growth of Lactobacillus crispatus at 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509423	Toxicity in woman with Candida-mediated vaginal infection assessed as adverse events at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID402190	Toxicity against brine shrimp	1997	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 60, Issue:4	Biologically active acylglycerides from the berries of saw-palmetto (Serenoa repens).
AID580464	Bactericidal activity against Helicobacter at >=20 ug/ml	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509408	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei assessed as => 3-log drop in number of fungal CFU/ml at 500 ug/ml after 4 to 8 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580470	Effect on growth of Lactobacillus casei at 20 to 100 ug/ml after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509421	Antifungal activity against Candida-mediated vaginal infection in woman assessed as effect on vaginal pH at 0.5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580466	Bactericidal activity against Gardnerella at >=20 ug/ml	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID580471	Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus MN8 infection induced IL-8 production in human HVEC assessed as at 100 ug/ml by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509415	Antibacterial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis-mediated vaginal infection in woman at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580468	Effect on growth of Lactobacillus crispatus at 50 ug/ml after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID612430	Antiviral activity against HIV NL-Lai infected in human TZM-bl cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection after 24 hrs by luciferase assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	Synthesis, gp120 binding and anti-HIV activity of fatty acid esters of 1,1-linked disaccharides.
AID509406	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis assessed as => 3-log drop in number of fungal CFU/ml at 500 ug/ml after 4 to 8 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509407	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis assessed as => 3-log drop in number of fungal CFU/ml at 500 ug/ml after 4 to 8 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580477	Effect on growth of Lactobacillus crispatus using 5% compound-formulated gel after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509410	Antibacterial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis assessed as => 3-log drop in number of fungal CFU/ml at 1 to 10 ug/ml after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509409	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314 clinical isolate at 100 ug/ml after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580463	Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human T cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 100 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID402193	Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 7 days by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 60, Issue:4	Biologically active acylglycerides from the berries of saw-palmetto (Serenoa repens).
AID580473	Effect on growth of vaginal coagulase negative staphylococci flora in rhesus monkey administered twice daily dose of 5% compound-formulated gel for first 8 weeks followed by 3-weeks rest period and subsequent once daily dose for 1 weeks measured 6 months	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID580475	Effect on lactic acid production in Lactobacillus crispatus at 50 ug/ml after 8 to 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509420	Antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus-mediated vaginal infection in woman assessed as effect on vaginal pH at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509411	Antifungal activity against Candida-mediated vaginal infection in woman at 0.5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID681134	TP_TRANSPORTER: Daunomycin accumulation in Caco-2 cells	2004	British journal of pharmacology, Oct, Volume: 143, Issue:3	Inhibitory effect of a bitter melon extract on the P-glycoprotein activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells.
AID509414	Antifungal activity against Candida-mediated vaginal infection in woman at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID402191	Cytotoxicity against human A498 cells after 7 days by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 60, Issue:4	Biologically active acylglycerides from the berries of saw-palmetto (Serenoa repens).
AID509416	Antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus-mediated vaginal infection in woman at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580469	Suppression of cell viability loss of Lactobacillus crispatus in stationary phase culture at 100 ug/ml after 48 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509412	Antibacterial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis-mediated vaginal infection in woman at 0.5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509405	Antifungal activity against Candida pseudotropicalis kefyr assessed as => 3-log drop in number of fungal CFU/ml at 100 ug/ml after 4 to 8 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580474	Toxicity in rhesus monkey assessed as induction of vaginal mucosal lesions administered twice daily dose of 5% compound-formulated gel for first 8 weeks followed by 3-weeks rest period and subsequent once daily dose for 1 weeks measured 6 months post dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509425	Toxicity in woman with Gardnerella vaginalis-mediated vaginal infection assessed as adverse events at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509422	Antifungal activity against Candida-mediated vaginal infection in woman assessed as effect on vaginal pH at 5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID555368	Induction of toxin TSST-1 production in Staphylococcus aureus MN8 at 10.7 mM after 24 hrs relative to control	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Surfactants, aromatic and isoprenoid compounds, and fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors suppress Staphylococcus aureus production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.
AID580479	Toxicity in rhesus monkey assessed as induction of vaginal inflammation administered twice daily dose of 5% compound-formulated gel for first 8 weeks followed by 3-weeks rest period and subsequent once daily dose for 1 weeks measured 6 months post dose by	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID402192	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 7 days by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 60, Issue:4	Biologically active acylglycerides from the berries of saw-palmetto (Serenoa repens).
AID509403	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314 assessed as => 3-log drop in number of fungal CFU/ml at 100 ug/ml after 4 to 8 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509413	Antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus-mediated vaginal infection in woman at 0.5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580478	Growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus MN8 using 5% compound-formulated gel after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID509404	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata assessed as => 3-log drop in number of fungal CFU/ml at 500 ug/ml after 4 to 8 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509419	Antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus-mediated vaginal infection in woman assessed as effect on vaginal pH at 0.5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID509417	Antibacterial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis-mediated vaginal infection in woman assessed as effect on vaginal pH at 0.5% treated via intravaginal gels every 12 hrs for 2 days measured post application	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus.
AID580476	Suppression of cell viability loss of Lactobacillus casei in stationary phase culture at 100 ug/ml after 48 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Glycerol monolaurate does not alter rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vaginal lactobacilli and is safe for chronic use.
AID555336	Effect on growth in Staphylococcus aureus MN8 at 10.7 mM after 24 hrs (Rvb = 100%)	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Surfactants, aromatic and isoprenoid compounds, and fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors suppress Staphylococcus aureus production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	12 (6.52)	18.7374
1990's	30 (16.30)	18.2507
2000's	38 (20.65)	29.6817
2010's	65 (35.33)	24.3611
2020's	39 (21.20)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	7 (3.72%)	5.53%
Reviews	4 (2.13%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	177 (94.15%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial of Monolaurin Ointment Versus Mupirocin Ointment of Bacterial Skin Infections Among Pediatric Patients 5-18 Years Old in Community-Based Setting [NCT06046937]	Early Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-06-01	Completed
[NCT00004690]	Phase 3	90 participants	Interventional	1996-09-30	Completed
Bacterial Cellulose-monolaurin Hydrogel for Preventing Therapy-induced High-grade Acute Dermatitis Among Filipinos With Breast Adenocarcinoma: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05079763]	Phase 2	54 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-01	Recruiting
A Phase II, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of 5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel Administered Intravaginally for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis [NCT02709005]	Phase 2	109 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-14	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing Non-laboratory Non-solicited AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) Considered Product-related
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing Laboratory AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product
NCT02709005 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Urogenital Adverse Events (AEs) Following the First Dose of the Study Product

Number of Participants Experiencing Non-laboratory Non-solicited AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product

The number of participants who experienced non-laboratory, non-solicited AEs following the first dose of the study product through Visit 3 (Day 22-31) was assessed. Events involving laboratory parameters that were not collected as part of the protocol were counted as non-laboratory, non-solicited adverse events. (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Day 1) through Visit 3 (Day 22-31)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	52
Vehicle Placebo	20

[back to top]

Number of Participants Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) Considered Product-related

"The number of participants in each treatment group with product-related SAEs was assessed. An AE was considered serious if, in the view of either the investigator or sponsor, it resulted in any of the following outcomes: death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, or a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, a congenital anomaly/birth defect. Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require hospitalizations could be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they could jeopardize the participant and require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed. An AE was considered related if there was a reasonable possibility that the study product caused the AE, meaning that there is evidence to suggest a causal relationship between the study product and the AE." (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Day 1) through Visit 3 (Day 22-31)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	0
Vehicle Placebo	0

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm

"A clinical cure was defined by normal Amsel criteria, including: normal physiological vaginal discharge, whiff test negative for any amine fishy odor, saline wet mount less than 20% for clue cells, and vaginal pH is <=4.5. All four criteria had to be normal with none of the clinical failure criteria met to be considered a clinical cure. A clinical failure was defined by at least one of the following: one or more abnormal Amsel criteria, early discontinuation of study therapy due to lack of treatment effect, use of any vaginosis therapy other than study product during the study, or in the investigator's opinion, required additional treatment for vaginosis." (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Day 8-15)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	11
Vehicle Placebo	8

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm

"A clinical cure was defined by normal Amsel criteria, including: normal physiological vaginal discharge, whiff test negative for any amine fishy odor, saline wet mount less than 20% for clue cells, and vaginal pH is <=4.5. All four criteria had to be normal with none of the clinical failure criteria met to be considered a clinical cure. A clinical failure was defined by at least one of the following: one or more abnormal Amsel criteria, early discontinuation of study therapy due to lack of treatment effect, use of any vaginosis therapy other than study product during the study, or in the investigator's opinion, requires additional treatment for vaginosis. Participants who did not have enough information to determine a clinical cure or clinical failure status were not evaluable for clinical cure." (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (Day 22-31)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	10
Vehicle Placebo	5

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm

A vaginal swab for bacteriological assessment of BV by Nugent criteria was performed. The Nugent score utilizes a 10-point scale for evaluation of vaginal flora. The Nugent score can range from 0 to 10. A score of 7 to 10 is consistent with BV while 4-6 is considered intermediate and 0-3 is negative for BV. Bacteriological cure of BV was defined as a normal Nugent score of 0-3. (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Day 8-15)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	2
Vehicle Placebo	1

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	5
Vehicle Placebo	8

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	8
Vehicle Placebo	3

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	9
Vehicle Placebo	3

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm

"Therapeutic cure was defined as both a clinical cure and a bacteriological cure. All four Amsel criteria had to be normal with none of the clinical failure criteria listed met to be considered a clinical cure, including normal physiological vaginal discharge, whiff test negative for any amine fishy odor, saline wet mount less than 20% for clue cells, and vaginal pH is <=4.5. A clinical failure was defined by at least one of the following: one or more abnormal Amsel criteria, early discontinuation of study therapy due to lack of treatment effect, use of any vaginosis therapy other than study product during the study, or in the investigator's opinion, required additional treatment for vaginosis. A vaginal swab for bacteriological assessment of BV by Nugent criteria was performed. The Nugent score can range from 0 to 10. Bacteriological cure of BV was defined as a normal Nugent score of 0-3. Participants who were clinical failures, or had a Nugent score >3 were therapeutic failures." (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Day 8-15)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	2
Vehicle Placebo	1

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	0
Vehicle Placebo	3

[back to top]

Number of Participants Experiencing Laboratory AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product

The number of participants experiencing laboratory AEs following the first dose of the study product was assessed at Visit 2 (Day 8-15). A laboratory abnormality was considered an adverse event if there was a worsening of the laboratory value at Visit 2 from the baseline value and it increased in laboratory toxicity grading from the baseline toxicity grading. Protocol-defined hematology parameters assessed were white blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, and neutrophils. Protocol-defined clinical chemistry parameters assessed were creatinine, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and glucose (random). (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Day 8-15)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Any Laboratory AE	Hemoglobin decrease	White blood cells Increase	White blood cells Decrease	Platelets Decrease	Neutrophils Decrease	Glucose Decrease	Glucose Increase	Creatinine Increase	AST Increase	ALT Increase	Bilirubin Increase
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	12	2	3	1	1	2	1	0	1	1	1	0
Vehicle Placebo	7	4	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	2	0

[back to top]

Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Urogenital Adverse Events (AEs) Following the First Dose of the Study Product

Solicited event assessments were captured on a memory aid starting on Day 1, the first day of therapy and continuing for 5 days. The participant recorded the presence and intensity of vulvovaginal solicited events on the memory aid. Any symptom that was present at the time that the participant was screened was considered as baseline and not reported as a solicited urogenital AE. However, if the symptom deteriorated during the reporting period, it was considered an AE. If a symptom was reported that was not present at baseline, it too was considered an AE. Any symptoms still present on Day 5 were followed by participant memory aid notations until symptom resolution. Solicited events collected include vaginal odor, vaginal pain, vaginal tenderness, vaginal itching, vaginal dryness, vaginal discharge, and vaginal inflammation. Severity of solicited events symptoms were graded as mild, moderate, or severe according to the grading table in the protocol. (NCT02709005)
Timeframe: Days 1 through 5

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Any Symptom	Vaginal Odor	Vaginal Pain	Vaginal Tenderness	Vulvar/Vaginal Itching	Vaginal Dryness	Vaginal Discharge	Vulvar Inflammation
5% Monolaurin Vaginal Gel	50	10	16	10	23	10	12	9
Vehicle Placebo	21	6	5	2	9	3	8	2

[back to top]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	7.41	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
adenine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.05	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.05	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	7.31	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	7.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.74	3	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.05	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.05	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	1.99	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.73	10	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	5.02	12	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.05	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
lipoamide Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin	2.74	3	0	dithiolanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.05	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.02	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.02	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.05	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.21	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.75	3	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	4.4	1	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	7.25	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.42	2	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	3.41	7	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	2.38	2	0	glycerophosphocholine
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.31	1	0	pyridinium ion
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	7.25	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	1.99	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	1.99	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.1	1	0
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.05	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	7.25	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
batyl alcohol batyl alcohol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. batilol : An alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding octadecyl ether. It is used in cosmetics as a stabilising ingredient and skin-conditioning agent.	1.97	1	0	alkylglycerol
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	8.9	12	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	1.97	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
triclosan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	1.97	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	1.96	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.9	4	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.97	4	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.	8.8	1	1	butyrate ester; triglyceride	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.02	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.1	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.07	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.46	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.21	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nitroethane nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.	2.46	2	0	primary nitroalkane
terpin terpene : A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2].	2.05	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.46	2	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.05	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-benzylphenol 4-benzylphenol: metabolite of diphenylmethane; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
acrolein [no description available]	2.41	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	2.07	1	0	fatty acid ester
lauric acid methyl ester methyl laurate : A fatty acid methyl ester of lauric acid.	2.21	1	0	dodecanoate ester; fatty acid methyl ester	metabolite
pelargonic acid pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.	1.96	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antifeedant; Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
zephiramine [no description available]	2.02	1	0
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	1.96	1	0	alkyl sulfate
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.17	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiazoles [no description available]	1.99	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.25	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
tripalmitin tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.02	1	0	triglyceride
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.	2.05	1	0	terpineol; tertiary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.21	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	1.99	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.42	2	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	3.8	1	1	zinc molecular entity
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.43	2	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
calcium propionate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.31	1	0	sodium phosphate
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	7.05	1	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.02	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
glycerol 1-stearate glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.	2.02	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:0; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	algal metabolite; Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.05	1	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	1.99	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
phenoxyethanol phenoxyethanol: structure. 2-phenoxyethanol : An aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; glycol ether; primary alcohol	antiinfective agent; central nervous system depressant
myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.05	1	0	monoterpene	anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.07	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	1.99	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.06	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2	1	0	anthocyanidin chloride
n-acetyltyrosine N-acetyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acetyltyrosine in which the chiral centre has L configuration.	2.05	1	0	N-acetyltyrosine; N-acyl-L-tyrosine	biomarker; EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.17	1	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
dodecyltetraethylene glycol monoether [no description available]	2.05	1	0	poly(ethylene glycol)
we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure	1.99	1	0
2-nitropropanol 2-nitropropanol: has antimicrobial activity; a cross-linking reagent	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound
totarol totarol: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Podocarpus nagi	2.01	1	0	diterpenoid	metabolite
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol.	2.44	2	0	rac-1-monoacylglycerol
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	1.96	1	0
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	1.97	1	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.42	2	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dehydroacetic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ketone; pyran-2,4-dione	antibacterial agent; fungicide; plasticiser
2-palmitoylglycerol 2-palmitoylglycerol: increases 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. 2-palmitoylglycerol : A 2-monoglyceride where the acyl group is hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).	2.02	1	0	2-acylglycerol 16:0	algal metabolite
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.05	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
n(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester N(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester: an antimicrobial surfactant; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.07	1	0
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.05	1	0
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2.03	1	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	1.96	1	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	1.98	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.99	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	2.25	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lycopene [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	7.25	1	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2	1	0	potassium salt
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	2.41	1	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
geraniol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
beta-ionone beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	ionone	antioxidant; fragrance
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.04	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2.15	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.52	2	0
uc-781 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.	2.44	2	0	1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.4	2	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.4	2	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.07	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	1.99	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.42	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.05	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.07	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	2.08	1	0
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	3.08	5	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.63	2	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
lavandulol lavandulol: defensive pheromone of the red-lined carrion beetle and additive in perfumes; structure in first source. lavandulol : A monoterpenoid alcohol that is hepta-1-5-diene which is substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. It is commonly found in lavender oil.	2.07	1	0	lavandulol
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	1.98	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	7.25	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
shellac shellac: RN given refers to parent cpd	7.21	1	0
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	1.98	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
sucrose monolaurate sucrose monolaurate: RN given refers to monolaurate	2.68	3	0
sodium acetate sodium diacetate: *acetates	2.05	1	0
sboa protein, bacillus subtilis sboA protein, Bacillus subtilis: 35-amino acid cyclic peptide with three cysteine bridges from Bacillus subtilis 168; peptide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is idential to that from B. subtilis; has bacteriocidal activity against some Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria, some species of Bacillus and E.faecium; GenBank AJ430547	2.07	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.05	1	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.63	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.17	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.26	5	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	7.05	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.05	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	4.55	5	1
roridin e roridin E: RN given refers to (2'E,7'R(R))-isomer; see also roridin J: 74042-83-6	2.17	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.07	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	1.99	1	0
tenuazonic acid Tenuazonic Acid: 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.. tenuazonic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 5-(butan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione carrying an additional acetyl group at position 3. A mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi.	2.63	2	0
reutericyclin reutericyclin: a new tetramic acid related to tenuazonic acid found in sourdough produced by Lactobacillus reuteri LTH2584 exhibits antimicrobial activity	2.63	2	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	1.99	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	7.02	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.02	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	1.96	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.99	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.48	2	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.02	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.74	3	0
Candidiasis, Genital [description not available]	3.44	1	1
Bacterial Vaginitides [description not available]	4.73	3	2
Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.	3.44	1	1
Vaginosis, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.	4.73	3	2
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	4.25	6	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	2.06	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	4.25	6	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	4.87	2	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.31	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	4.87	2	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	2.31	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	2.31	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.41	1	0
Bovine Virus Diarrhea Mucosal Disease [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	7.41	1	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.41	1	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	3.17	4	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	3.14	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	3.14	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.28	6	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.28	6	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.25	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.63	2	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.25	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.25	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	4.84	7	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	4.84	7	1
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.47	2	0
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	3.92	4	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	2.59	2	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	2.59	2	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.17	1	0
External Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.	2.21	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.48	2	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Neonatal Sepsis Blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old. Early-onset sepsis is seen in the first week of life and most often appears within 24 hours of birth. Late-onset occurs after 1 week and before 3 months of age.	2.21	1	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.21	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.11	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.05	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.98	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Genital Herpes [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Herpes Genitalis Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.	2.05	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	2.67	3	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.	2.07	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.41	2	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	2.03	1	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.03	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Impetigo Contagiosa [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Impetigo A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.	2.03	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.03	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	2.36	2	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	1.98	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	1.98	1	0
Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	2.38	2	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	1.98	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	1.98	1	0

monolaurin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (125)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (45)

Molecular Functions (18)

Ceullar Components (22)

Bioassays (55)

Research

Studies (184)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 47.77

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants Experiencing Non-laboratory Non-solicited AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product

Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants Experiencing Laboratory AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product

Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Urogenital Adverse Events (AEs) Following the First Dose of the Study Product

monolaurin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (125)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (45)

Molecular Functions (18)

Ceullar Components (22)

Bioassays (55)

Research

Studies (184)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 47.77

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants Experiencing Non-laboratory Non-solicited AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product

Number of Participants Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) Considered Product-related

Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Clinical Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 3 or Less (Negative for BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Nugent Score of 4-6 (Intermediate BV) in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants With Therapeutic Cure in Each Study Arm

Number of Participants Experiencing Laboratory AEs Following the First Dose of the Study Product

Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Urogenital Adverse Events (AEs) Following the First Dose of the Study Product

Related Drugs (164)

Related Conditions (85)