Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:30:11
virulence factor
Any toxin secreted by bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa enabling them to achieve colonisation of a niche in the host, inhibit or evade the host's immune response, enter and exit cells, or obtain nutrition from the host.
ChEBI ID: 72316
Members (4)
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| aerobactin | aerobactin | |
| pyocyanine | An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pyocyanine |
| staphyloxanthin | A xanthophyll that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6 have been acylated by an all-trans-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22-decaenoyl group and a 12-methyltetradecanoyl group, respectively. Staphyloxanthin is responsible for the characteristic yellow-golden colour which gives the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus its name. | staphyloxanthin |
| toxoflavin | A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7. | toxoflavin |
Research
Studies (1,098)
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 168 (15.30) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 157 (14.30) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 169 (15.39) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 424 (38.62) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 180 (16.39) | 2.80 |
Study Types
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (0.09%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 50 (4.46%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 6 (0.53%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 1 (0.09%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 1,064 (94.83%) | 84.16% |
Protein Targets (91)
Potency Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-(cytidine 5'-phospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erithritol kinase | Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) | Potency | 1.1873 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| ATAD5 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.5131 | 1 | 1 |
| Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| Caspase-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.3661 | 3 | 3 |
| caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.2923 | 2 | 2 |
| Caspase-7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.7636 | 3 | 3 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.9031 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 1.5855 | 3 | 3 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | Giardia intestinalis | Potency | 5.4172 | 3 | 3 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase eta isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.0331 | 2 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.3233 | 1 | 1 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 741.5113 | 2 | 2 |
| fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | Potency | 4.4668 | 1 | 1 |
| galactokinase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1586 | 2 | 2 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.3564 | 1 | 1 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.8184 | 1 | 1 |
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.5119 | 1 | 1 |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histamine H3 receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 3 |
| histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| huntingtin isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.5174 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7943 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7943 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 2 | 2 |
| muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.2387 | 1 | 1 |
| neuropeptide S receptor isoform A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3335 | 3 | 3 |
| nonstructural protein 1 | Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.4125 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1836 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 0.5279 | 4 | 4 |
| P53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 79.4328 | 1 | 1 |
| parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7667 | 1 | 1 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.8913 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphoglycerate kinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 1.2893 | 2 | 2 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 63.0957 | 1 | 1 |
| plasminogen precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.0957 | 1 | 1 |
| ras-related protein Rab-9A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 2 |
| serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.8913 | 1 | 1 |
| serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.1923 | 1 | 1 |
| Smad3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1122 | 1 | 1 |
| TAR DNA-binding protein 43 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2484 | 2 | 2 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 48.0224 | 2 | 2 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 2 | 2 |
| urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0316 | 1 | 1 |
Inhibition Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0566 | 2 | 2 |
| Adenomatous polyposis coli protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 118.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Cadherin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 16.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Catenin beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 82.9600 | 5 | 5 |
| Catenin beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 4.7750 | 4 | 4 |
| Cathepsin B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0467 | 2 | 2 |
| cathepsin S isoform 1 preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1765 | 1 | 1 |
| dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.1700 | 2 | 2 |
| dual specificity protein phosphatase 6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 2.3200 | 1 | 1 |
| green fluorescent protein, partial | Aequorea victoria | IC50 | 67.5490 | 1 | 2 |
| heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0566 | 2 | 2 |
| Lysine-specific demethylase 4A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Lysine-specific demethylase 4C | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.5205 | 2 | 2 |
| NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.8700 | 1 | 1 |
| NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 14.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor corepressor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 39.8410 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 39.8410 | 1 | 1 |
| photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 39.8410 | 1 | 1 |
| procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 25.1129 | 2 | 2 |
| Renin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.9800 | 1 | 1 |
| Transcription factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Transcription factor 7-like 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 46.4167 | 6 | 6 |
| tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.2950 | 2 | 2 |
| tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.2400 | 1 | 1 |
Activation Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 62.7400 | 1 | 1 |
| recombinase A | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | EC50 | 0.0541 | 2 | 2 |
Other Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA repair and recombination protein RAD54-like isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | AC50 | 1.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| jumonji domain containing 2A | Homo sapiens (human) | AC50 | 2.5410 | 1 | 1 |
| jumonji domain containing 2C, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | AC50 | 0.5414 | 1 | 1 |
| recombinase A | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | IC90 | 2.8700 | 1 | 1 |
| replicative DNA helicase | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | AC50 | 0.0704 | 2 | 2 |