Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:30:11

virulence factor

Any toxin secreted by bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa enabling them to achieve colonisation of a niche in the host, inhibit or evade the host's immune response, enter and exit cells, or obtain nutrition from the host.

ChEBI ID: 72316

Members (4)

MemberDefinitionClass
aerobactinaerobactin
pyocyanineAn iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.pyocyanine
staphyloxanthinA xanthophyll that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6 have been acylated by an all-trans-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22-decaenoyl group and a 12-methyltetradecanoyl group, respectively. Staphyloxanthin is responsible for the characteristic yellow-golden colour which gives the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus its name.staphyloxanthin
toxoflavinA pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.toxoflavin

Research

Studies (1,098)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-1990168 (15.30)18.7374
1990's157 (14.30)18.2507
2000's169 (15.39)29.6817
2010's424 (38.62)24.3611
2020's180 (16.39)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (0.09%)5.53%
Reviews50 (4.46%)6.00%
Case Studies6 (0.53%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.09%)0.25%
Other1,064 (94.83%)84.16%

Protein Targets (91)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
4-(cytidine 5'-phospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erithritol kinaseArabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Potency1.187311
Adenosine receptor A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.258911
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.513111
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.122011
Caspase-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.366133
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.292322
Caspase-7Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.763633
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.903122
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.981111
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.011911
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency22.387211
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency1.585533
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.668411
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency5.417233
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency89.125111
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency89.125111
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.033122
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.323311
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency741.511322
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase AOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Potency4.466811
galactokinaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.158622
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.356411
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.818411
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.511911
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
Histamine H3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.981113
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.011911
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.517411
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.011911
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency1.258911
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.220222
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.238711
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.333533
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency10.000011
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.412511
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.183611
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency0.527944
P53Homo sapiens (human)Potency79.432811
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.766711
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.891311
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency1.289322
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency63.095711
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.122011
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.095711
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.122012
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.891311
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.192311
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.112211
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.248422
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency48.022422
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.100011
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118922
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.122011
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.122011
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.031611

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partialHomo sapiens (human)IC501.056622
Adenomatous polyposis coli proteinHomo sapiens (human)Ki118.000022
Cadherin-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki16.500022
Catenin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)IC5082.960055
Catenin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki4.775044
Cathepsin BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.046722
cathepsin S isoform 1 preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.176511
dual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)IC501.170022
dual specificity protein phosphatase 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.320011
green fluorescent protein, partialAequorea victoriaIC5067.549012
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.056622
Lysine-specific demethylase 4AHomo sapiens (human)IC502.500022
Lysine-specific demethylase 4CHomo sapiens (human)IC500.520522
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.870011
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.400011
nuclear receptor corepressor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5039.841011
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5039.841011
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5039.841011
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5025.112922
ReninHomo sapiens (human)IC500.980011
Transcription factor 4Homo sapiens (human)IC500.800011
Transcription factor 7-like 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki46.416766
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC501.295022
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.240011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5062.740011
recombinase AMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvEC500.054122

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
DNA repair and recombination protein RAD54-like isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)AC501.100011
jumonji domain containing 2AHomo sapiens (human)AC502.541011
jumonji domain containing 2C, partialHomo sapiens (human)AC500.541411
recombinase AMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvIC902.870011
replicative DNA helicaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC500.070422