acetaminophen and Emesis studies

Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"the overall result showed that ibuprofen had a better fever reducing effect compared to paracetamol."	9.34	Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. ( Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)
"To evaluate the prevention of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) and the relief of moderate to severe acute pain by CL-108, a novel drug combining a low-dose antiemetic (rapid-release promethazine 12."	9.30	Prevention of Opioid-Induced Nausea and Vomiting During Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acute Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing CL-108 (Hydrocodone 7.5 mg/Acetaminophen 325 mg/Rapid-Release, Low-Dose Promethazine 12.5 mg) with Conventi ( Chou, JC; Daniels, SE; Giannakopoulos, HE; Granquist, EJ; Levin, LM; Maibach, H; Muse, DD; Oreadi, D; Papas, AS; Patrick, K; Schachtel, BP; Zuniga, JR, 2019)
"As a Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug dexketoprofen trometamol is superior to paracetamol and fentanyl in achieving analgesia and reducing the need for additional drugs for the treatment of renal colic."	9.27	Comparison of IV dexketoprofen trometamol, fentanyl, and paracetamol in the treatment of renal colic in the ED: A randomized controlled trial. ( Al, B; Bogan, M; Can, B; Eren, SH; Kul, S; Murat Oktay, M; Sabak, M; Sunar, MM; Zengin, S, 2018)
" Vomiting, retching, or need for rescue antiemetic treatment at 2 h was reported in 39 of 108 patients assigned to the shorter modified protocol compared with 71 of 109 allocated to the standard acetylcysteine regimen (adjusted odds ratio 0·26, 97·5% CI 0·13-0·52; p<0·0001), and in 45 of 109 patients who received ondansetron compared with 65 of 108 allocated placebo (0·41, 0·20-0·80; p=0·003)."	9.19	Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. ( Bateman, DN; Butcher, I; Cooper, JG; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, SC; Rodriguez, A; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Veiraiah, A; Vliegenthart, AD; Webb, DJ, 2014)
" The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of an extended-release, twice-daily fixed combination of 75 mg tramadol/650 mg paracetamol (DDS-06C) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain, using acute low back pain as a model."	9.16	Extended-release tramadol/paracetamol in moderate-to-severe pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with acute low back pain. ( Bouchard, S; Lasko, B; Levitt, RJ; Rainsford, KD; Robertson, S; Rozova, A, 2012)
"Long-term treatment with tramadol LP once daily is generally safe in patients with osteoarthritis or refractory low back pain."	9.11	Long-term tolerability of tramadol LP, a new once-daily formulation, in patients with osteoarthritis or low back pain. ( Coffiner, M; Fontaine, D; Malonne, H; Peretz, A; Sereno, A; Sonet, B; Vanderbist, F, 2005)
"The objectives of this prospective non-concurrent cohort study were to confirm the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for early pregnancy termination and to determine whether the incidence of side effects is lower with prophylactic loperamide and acetaminophen."	9.09	Early pregnancy termination with vaginal misoprostol combined with loperamide and acetaminophen prophylaxis. ( Harwood, B; Jain, JK; Meckstroth, KR; Mishell, DR, 2001)
"Fifty-four ASA I and II children 1 to 10 yr of age undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion intravenous ketorolac (0."	9.08	The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Guarnieri, KM; Mendel, HG; Sundt, LM; Torjman, MC, 1995)
" This study has attempted to assess postoperative analgesic consumption and nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia for tonsillectomy using either paracetamol premedication, paracetamol plus a NSAID or intravenous morphine to provide postoperative analgesia."	9.08	Postoperative morphine requirements, nausea and vomiting following anaesthesia for tonsillectomy. Comparison of intravenous morphine and non-opioid analgesic techniques. ( Mather, SJ; Peutrell, JM, 1995)
"A prospective, comparative, randomized study to assess rectal acetaminophen (n = 45) to intravenous fentanyl-droperidol (n = 45) to resolve recovery profile, emesis rate, and adequacy of analgesia in a pediatric strabismus repair population was performed, with standardization of the anesthetic technique."	9.08	Comparison of postoperative emesis, recovery profile, and analgesia in pediatric strabismus repair. Rectal acetaminophen versus intravenous fentanyl-droperidol. ( Cruz, OA; Krock, JL; Padda, GS, 1997)
"We performed a prospective, single arm, observational study examining the effectiveness of the 5HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron in the management if nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning."	9.08	The use of ondansetron in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning. ( Chen, R; Clark, RF; Harchelroad, F; Johnson, CL; Williams, SR, 1996)
"At Helsinki University Central Hospital in Finland, clinical researchers divided 169 women into two groups (group 1: diagnostic laparoscopies; group 2: laparoscopic sterilizations) as part of a study to evaluate the effect of intravenous diclofenac on postoperative pain, nausea, and recovery after outpatient gynecological laparoscopy."	9.07	Effect of intravenous diclofenac on pain and recovery profile after day-case laparoscopy. ( Hovorka, J; Kallela, H; Korttila, K, 1993)
"Doses of 600 mg and 1200 mg of D(-)penicillamine daily were superior to a standard regimen of therapy in rheumatoid arthritis."	9.04	Synthetic D(-)penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Double-blind controlled study of a high and low dosage regimen. ( Davies, J; Dixon, AJ; Dormandy, TL; Hamilton, EB; Holt, PJ; Mason, RM; Thompson, M; Weber, JC; Zutshi, DW, 1975)
"The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in propofol-anesthetized patients receiving either fentanyl or pentazocine as opioid supplement."	7.74	[Postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia using propofol combined with fentanyl or pentazocine]. ( Abe, F; Furuya, A; Nagamine, N; Nonaka, A; Suzuki, S, 2007)
"To describe the efficacy of ondansetron for the treatment of poisoning-associated vomiting in two patients following drug intoxication."	7.69	Ondansetron for treating nausea and vomiting in the poisoned patient. ( Marx, CM; Reed, MD, 1994)
"We present a 17-year-old girl who developed persistent vomiting following acetaminophen overdose."	7.68	Ondansetron to prevent emesis following N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen intoxication. ( Deshpande, JK; Gregory, DF; Tobias, JD, 1992)
" When emesis occurred within one-half hour after ingestion, mean serum acetaminophen concentration drawn four hours after ingestion was approximately half that in a control group that received no decontamination."	7.68	Influence of time until emesis on the efficacy of decontamination using acetaminophen as a marker in a pediatric population. ( Bond, GR; Krenzelok, EP; McCarthy, T; McCoy, DJ; Morris, CL; Normann, SA; Requa, RK; Roblez, J; Tendler, JD; Thompson, MW, 1993)
" There was no difference in the mean frequency or dosage of rescue medication required by both groups, and the majority of patients in both the TA-ER and TA-IR groups rated their pain improvement as 'much' or 'somewhat better'."	6.80	A randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of extended-release and immediate-release tramadol HCl/acetaminophen in patients with acute pain following total knee replacement. ( Bin, SI; Chang, N; Cho, SD; Choi, CH; Ha, CW; Kang, SB; Kyung, HS; Lee, JH; Lee, MC; Park, YB; Rhim, HY; Seo, SS, 2015)
"Vomiting was present in 65."	5.36	Assessing the impact of vomiting episodes on outcome after acetaminophen poisoning. ( Al-Jabi, SW; Awang, R; Sulaiman, SA; Zyoud, SH, 2010)
"the overall result showed that ibuprofen had a better fever reducing effect compared to paracetamol."	5.34	Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. ( Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)
"To evaluate the prevention of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) and the relief of moderate to severe acute pain by CL-108, a novel drug combining a low-dose antiemetic (rapid-release promethazine 12."	5.30	Prevention of Opioid-Induced Nausea and Vomiting During Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acute Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing CL-108 (Hydrocodone 7.5 mg/Acetaminophen 325 mg/Rapid-Release, Low-Dose Promethazine 12.5 mg) with Conventi ( Chou, JC; Daniels, SE; Giannakopoulos, HE; Granquist, EJ; Levin, LM; Maibach, H; Muse, DD; Oreadi, D; Papas, AS; Patrick, K; Schachtel, BP; Zuniga, JR, 2019)
"As a Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug dexketoprofen trometamol is superior to paracetamol and fentanyl in achieving analgesia and reducing the need for additional drugs for the treatment of renal colic."	5.27	Comparison of IV dexketoprofen trometamol, fentanyl, and paracetamol in the treatment of renal colic in the ED: A randomized controlled trial. ( Al, B; Bogan, M; Can, B; Eren, SH; Kul, S; Murat Oktay, M; Sabak, M; Sunar, MM; Zengin, S, 2018)
" Vomiting, retching, or need for rescue antiemetic treatment at 2 h was reported in 39 of 108 patients assigned to the shorter modified protocol compared with 71 of 109 allocated to the standard acetylcysteine regimen (adjusted odds ratio 0·26, 97·5% CI 0·13-0·52; p<0·0001), and in 45 of 109 patients who received ondansetron compared with 65 of 108 allocated placebo (0·41, 0·20-0·80; p=0·003)."	5.19	Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. ( Bateman, DN; Butcher, I; Cooper, JG; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, SC; Rodriguez, A; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Veiraiah, A; Vliegenthart, AD; Webb, DJ, 2014)
" Pre-treatment with ondansetron 4 mg IV was compared against placebo on nausea and vomiting following the standard (20."	5.17	Scottish and Newcastle antiemetic pre-treatment for paracetamol poisoning study (SNAP). ( Bateman, DN; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, S; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Webb, DJ, 2013)
"A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the effect of intravenously (IV) administered acetaminophen on postoperative pain in children and adolescents undergoing surgery for idiopathic scoliosis or spondylolisthesis."	5.16	Acetaminophen improves analgesia but does not reduce opioid requirement after major spine surgery in children and adolescents. ( Hartikainen, T; Helenius, I; Hiller, A; Kaukonen, M; Korpela, R; Meretoja, OA; Neuvonen, PJ; Nurmi, E; Taivainen, T, 2012)
" The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of an extended-release, twice-daily fixed combination of 75 mg tramadol/650 mg paracetamol (DDS-06C) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain, using acute low back pain as a model."	5.16	Extended-release tramadol/paracetamol in moderate-to-severe pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with acute low back pain. ( Bouchard, S; Lasko, B; Levitt, RJ; Rainsford, KD; Robertson, S; Rozova, A, 2012)
"Our aim was to show the efficacy of naproxen and paracetamol with and without pethidine on pain and nausea and vomiting after adenoidectomy."	5.12	Oral naproxen but not oral paracetamol reduces the need for rescue analgesic after adenoidectomy in children. ( Korpela, R; Laakso, E; Meretoja, OA; Silvola, J, 2007)
"Long-term treatment with tramadol LP once daily is generally safe in patients with osteoarthritis or refractory low back pain."	5.11	Long-term tolerability of tramadol LP, a new once-daily formulation, in patients with osteoarthritis or low back pain. ( Coffiner, M; Fontaine, D; Malonne, H; Peretz, A; Sereno, A; Sonet, B; Vanderbist, F, 2005)
"There was no statistical difference in the mean reduction in pain score between any of the combinations at any point, although combination therapy was the first to reach a clinically significant reduction in pain score (<13 mm), and diclofenac-paracetamol combinations consistently produced a greater reduction in mean pain score than either nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or paracetamol alone."	5.11	Randomized double-blind trial comparing oral paracetamol and oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for treating pain after musculoskeletal injury. ( Lam, PK; Man, SY; Rainer, TH; Woo, WW, 2005)
"To compare the incidence of serious adverse clinical events among children <2 years old given ibuprofen and acetaminophen to control fever."	5.09	The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. ( Lesko, SM; Mitchell, AA, 1999)
"Current acetaminophen (APAP) formulations approved for antipyretic use in children require up to five doses/day, which compromise compliance and risk breakthrough fever over 4 hours after dosing."	5.09	Acetaminophen controlled-release sprinkles versus acetaminophen immediate-release elixir in febrile children. ( Brown, RD; Donahue, L; Helms, R; Pickering, BD; Wilson, JT, 2000)
"The objectives of this prospective non-concurrent cohort study were to confirm the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for early pregnancy termination and to determine whether the incidence of side effects is lower with prophylactic loperamide and acetaminophen."	5.09	Early pregnancy termination with vaginal misoprostol combined with loperamide and acetaminophen prophylaxis. ( Harwood, B; Jain, JK; Meckstroth, KR; Mishell, DR, 2001)
"High dose acetaminophen (100 mg/kg) was no more effective than 40 mg/kg and was associated with increased nausea and vomiting."	5.09	Acetaminophen analgesia in children: placebo effect and pain resolution after tonsillectomy. ( Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH; Woollard, GA, 2001)
"We performed a prospective, single arm, observational study examining the effectiveness of the 5HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron in the management if nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning."	5.08	The use of ondansetron in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning. ( Chen, R; Clark, RF; Harchelroad, F; Johnson, CL; Williams, SR, 1996)
"A prospective, comparative, randomized study to assess rectal acetaminophen (n = 45) to intravenous fentanyl-droperidol (n = 45) to resolve recovery profile, emesis rate, and adequacy of analgesia in a pediatric strabismus repair population was performed, with standardization of the anesthetic technique."	5.08	Comparison of postoperative emesis, recovery profile, and analgesia in pediatric strabismus repair. Rectal acetaminophen versus intravenous fentanyl-droperidol. ( Cruz, OA; Krock, JL; Padda, GS, 1997)
"Fifty-four ASA I and II children 1 to 10 yr of age undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion intravenous ketorolac (0."	5.08	The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Guarnieri, KM; Mendel, HG; Sundt, LM; Torjman, MC, 1995)
" This study has attempted to assess postoperative analgesic consumption and nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia for tonsillectomy using either paracetamol premedication, paracetamol plus a NSAID or intravenous morphine to provide postoperative analgesia."	5.08	Postoperative morphine requirements, nausea and vomiting following anaesthesia for tonsillectomy. Comparison of intravenous morphine and non-opioid analgesic techniques. ( Mather, SJ; Peutrell, JM, 1995)
" Metoclopramide and droperidol had no significant effect on postoperative vomiting."	5.07	Prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron in children undergoing tonsillectomy. ( Furst, SR; Rodarte, A, 1994)
"At Helsinki University Central Hospital in Finland, clinical researchers divided 169 women into two groups (group 1: diagnostic laparoscopies; group 2: laparoscopic sterilizations) as part of a study to evaluate the effect of intravenous diclofenac on postoperative pain, nausea, and recovery after outpatient gynecological laparoscopy."	5.07	Effect of intravenous diclofenac on pain and recovery profile after day-case laparoscopy. ( Hovorka, J; Kallela, H; Korttila, K, 1993)
"Doses of 600 mg and 1200 mg of D(-)penicillamine daily were superior to a standard regimen of therapy in rheumatoid arthritis."	5.04	Synthetic D(-)penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Double-blind controlled study of a high and low dosage regimen. ( Davies, J; Dixon, AJ; Dormandy, TL; Hamilton, EB; Holt, PJ; Mason, RM; Thompson, M; Weber, JC; Zutshi, DW, 1975)
" Our anesthetic protocol for strabismus surgery included postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention using dexamethasone and ondansetron."	3.91	Prospective evaluation of anesthetic protocols during pediatric ophthalmic surgery. ( Couret, C; Ducloyer, JB; Le Meur, G; Lebranchu, P; Lejus-Bourdeau, C; Magne, C; Weber, M, 2019)
"The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in propofol-anesthetized patients receiving either fentanyl or pentazocine as opioid supplement."	3.74	[Postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia using propofol combined with fentanyl or pentazocine]. ( Abe, F; Furuya, A; Nagamine, N; Nonaka, A; Suzuki, S, 2007)
"A short cut review was carried out to establish whether vomiting was a significant consequence of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose."	3.71	Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Vomiting in paracetamol overdose. ( Clarke, S; Herren, K, 2002)
"Ondansetron should be utilized as a second-line agent in the management of acetaminophen toxic patients with vomiting."	3.70	Use of ondansetron and other antiemetics in the management of toxic acetaminophen ingestions. ( Scharman, EJ, 1998)
"To describe the efficacy of ondansetron for the treatment of poisoning-associated vomiting in two patients following drug intoxication."	3.69	Ondansetron for treating nausea and vomiting in the poisoned patient. ( Marx, CM; Reed, MD, 1994)
" When emesis occurred within one-half hour after ingestion, mean serum acetaminophen concentration drawn four hours after ingestion was approximately half that in a control group that received no decontamination."	3.68	Influence of time until emesis on the efficacy of decontamination using acetaminophen as a marker in a pediatric population. ( Bond, GR; Krenzelok, EP; McCarthy, T; McCoy, DJ; Morris, CL; Normann, SA; Requa, RK; Roblez, J; Tendler, JD; Thompson, MW, 1993)
"We present a 17-year-old girl who developed persistent vomiting following acetaminophen overdose."	3.68	Ondansetron to prevent emesis following N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen intoxication. ( Deshpande, JK; Gregory, DF; Tobias, JD, 1992)
"Postoperative pain was significantly less in the bupivacaine group at 240 and 360 min after the surgery."	3.11	Comparing the efficacy of peritonsillar injection of bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen on post-tonsillectomy pain in children. ( Ayatollahi, V; Hosseini, H; Meybodian, M; Shariatmadari, M; Vaziribozorg, S, 2022)
" There was no difference in the mean frequency or dosage of rescue medication required by both groups, and the majority of patients in both the TA-ER and TA-IR groups rated their pain improvement as 'much' or 'somewhat better'."	2.80	A randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of extended-release and immediate-release tramadol HCl/acetaminophen in patients with acute pain following total knee replacement. ( Bin, SI; Chang, N; Cho, SD; Choi, CH; Ha, CW; Kang, SB; Kyung, HS; Lee, JH; Lee, MC; Park, YB; Rhim, HY; Seo, SS, 2015)
"To determine the effectiveness of around-the-clock (ATC) analgesic administration, with or without nurse coaching, compared with standard care with as needed (PRN) dosing in children undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy."	2.75	A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. ( Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2010)
"When remifentanil was given, there were no significant differences between the two postures in maximal acetaminophen concentration (right side, 34 micromol."	2.71	The delay of gastric emptying induced by remifentanil is not influenced by posture. ( Thörn, SE; Walldén, J; Wattwil, M, 2004)
"Postoperative pain was assessed by self-report 1."	2.69	Analgesic efficacy and safety of preoperative versus postoperative ketorolac in paediatric tonsillectomy. ( Ostergaard, D; Rømsing, J; Valentin, N; Walther-Larsen, S, 1998)
"When postoperative pain occurred, loading doses of either 10 mg tramadol or 1 mg morphine intravenous increments were administered in a double-blind fashion until the pain control was judged to be satisfactory by the patient."	2.69	Comparison of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol versus morphine after microvascular breast reconstruction. ( Pitkänen, M; Rosenberg, PH; Silvasti, M; Svartling, N, 2000)
" This dosage of paracetamol is lower than the current recommended dosage, which is 40 mg kg(-1) loading dose followed by 20 mg kg(-1) 8 h(-1)."	2.69	Double-blind randomized study of tramadol vs. paracetamol in analgesia after day-case tonsillectomy in children. ( Dort, JP; Pendeville, PE; Veyckemans, F; Von Montigny, S, 2000)
" This corresponds to decreases in bioavailability of 67, 11, and 21%."	2.68	Efficacy of ipecac during the first hour after drug ingestion in human volunteers. ( Saincher, A; Sitar, DS; Tenenbein, M, 1997)
"Propacetamol was statistically superior to placebo on all assessment criteria."	2.68	The analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery. ( Berniere, J; Boccard, E; Granry, JC; Jean, N; Merckx, J; Monrigal, JP; Rod, B, 1997)
"Postoperative pain was assessed with mCHEOPS in the anaesthesia recovery room, with postoperative usage of opioid and acetaminophen in the hospital, and with parental assessment of pain with a VAS."	2.68	Regional anaesthesia for hernia repair in children: local vs caudal anaesthesia. ( Bass, J; Komocar, L; Splinter, WM, 1995)
"Postoperative pain was reported in 35% of patients, with no significant difference between treated and control patients."	2.67	Prophylactic paracetamol for analgesia after vaginal termination of pregnancy. ( Ashley, J; Cade, L, 1993)
" Tolerance in terms of withdrawals or side-effect profile did not appear to the dosage of each preparation administered."	2.67	The efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release dihydrocodeine tablets and combination dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol tablets in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the hips. ( Costello, F; Eves, MJ; James, IG; Lloyd, RS; Miller, AJ, 1992)
" Gastric emptying in the immediate postoperative period was also assessed in each patient by measuring the rate of absorption of orally administered paracetamol."	2.66	Analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of nalbuphine--a comparison with pethidine. ( Couch, RA; Mark, A; Slattery, PJ, 1986)
" Together with these new biomarkers of hepatotoxicity, a 12-hour acetylcysteine protocol offers clinicians and patients the possibility for better targeting of therapy, fewer adverse effects, a simpler dosing regimen, and shorter hospital stay."	1.42	Changing the Management of Paracetamol Poisoning. ( Bateman, DN, 2015)
"Trauma triggered migraine is seen more frequently in children, adolescents and young adults."	1.40	[Footballer's migraine instead of concussion]. ( Borggreve, AG; Haan, J; Lansink, JG; van Oosterhout, WP, 2014)
"Simvastatin is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzyme."	1.38	Paracetamol and simvastatin: a potential interaction resulting in hepatotoxicity. ( Gumbrevičius, G; Stankevičius, E; Sveikata, A; Sveikatienė, R, 2012)
"Acetaminophen poisoning is a common clinical problem, and early identification of patients with more severe poisoning is key to improving outcomes."	1.36	Association between gastrointestinal manifestations following acetaminophen poisoning and outcome in 291 acetaminophen poisoning patients. ( Al-Jabi, SW; Awang, R; Sulaiman, SA; Zyoud, SH, 2010)
"9%)."	1.36	A multicenter comparison of the safety of oral versus intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen overdose. ( Aguilera, E; Al-Helial, M; Arnold, T; Bebarta, VS; Bogdan, G; Buchanan, J; Clark, RF; Dart, R; Delgado, J; Froberg, B; Haur, W; Heard, K; Hoppe, J; Kao, L; Kokko, J; Lares, C; Lavonas, E; McDonagh, J; Mendoza, C; Mlynarchek, S; O'Malley, G; Odujebe, O; Qi, M; Rhyee, S; Stanford, C; Tan, HH; Tran, NN; Varney, S; Zosel, A, 2010)
"Vomiting was present in 65."	1.36	Assessing the impact of vomiting episodes on outcome after acetaminophen poisoning. ( Al-Jabi, SW; Awang, R; Sulaiman, SA; Zyoud, SH, 2010)
" We explore the toxicities of OTC cough and cold medications, discuss mechanisms of dosing errors, and suggest why physicians should be more vigilant in specifically inquiring about OTCs when evaluating an ill child."	1.31	Toxicity of over-the-counter cough and cold medications. ( Gunn, VL; Liebelt, EL; Serwint, JR; Taha, SH, 2001)
" In both patients starvation, due to abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting or diarrhoea, was probably contributing to the toxic effect of the drug."	1.28	Hepatotoxicity due to repeated intake of low doses of paracetamol. ( Broomé, U; Eriksson, LS; Kalin, M; Lindholm, M, 1992)
"The morphine was administered as a single bolus, following delivery, in doses ranging from 2 to 5 mg."	1.28	Epidural morphine for analgesia after caesarean section: a report of 4880 patients. ( Douglas, MJ; Fuller, JG; McMorland, GH; Palmer, L, 1990)

Research

Studies (96)

Authors

Clinical Trials (17)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Dosage of Rescue Medication Administered Because of Insufficient Pain Relief

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	16 (16.67)	18.7374
1990's	32 (33.33)	18.2507
2000's	21 (21.88)	29.6817
2010's	24 (25.00)	24.3611
2020's	3 (3.13)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Hosseini, H	1
Shariatmadari, M	1
Ayatollahi, V	1
Vaziribozorg, S	1
Meybodian, M	1
Alaje, EO	1
Udoh, EE	1
Akande, PA	1
Odey, FA	1
Meremikwu, MM	1
Anter, ME	1
Abdel Attey Saleh, S	1
Shawkey Allam, S	1
Mohamed Nofal, A	1
Subedi, Y	1
Al, B	1
Sunar, MM	1
Zengin, S	1
Sabak, M	1
Bogan, M	1
Can, B	1
Kul, S	1
Murat Oktay, M	1
Eren, SH	1
Ducloyer, JB	1
Couret, C	1
Magne, C	1
Lejus-Bourdeau, C	1
Weber, M	1
Le Meur, G	1
Lebranchu, P	1
Zuniga, JR	1
Papas, AS	1
Daniels, SE	1
Patrick, K	1
Muse, DD	1
Oreadi, D	1
Giannakopoulos, HE	1
Granquist, EJ	1
Levin, LM	1
Chou, JC	1
Maibach, H	1
Schachtel, BP	1
Walley, AY	1
Wakeman, SE	1
Eng, G	1
Thanacoody, HK	3
Gray, A	2
Dear, JW	3
Coyle, J	2
Sandilands, EA	2
Webb, DJ	2
Lewis, S	1
Eddleston, M	3
Thomas, SH	3
Bateman, DN	4
Park, K	1
Antoine, DJ	1
Pirmohamed, M	1
Cooper, JG	1
Rodriguez, A	1
Butcher, I	1
Lewis, SC	1
Vliegenthart, AD	1
Veiraiah, A	1
Kessler, B	1
Hoffman, R	1
Park, YB	1
Ha, CW	1
Cho, SD	1
Lee, MC	1
Lee, JH	1
Seo, SS	1
Kang, SB	1
Kyung, HS	1
Choi, CH	1
Chang, N	1
Rhim, HY	1
Bin, SI	1
Lansink, JG	1
van Oosterhout, WP	1
Borggreve, AG	1
Haan, J	1
Simpson, RW	1
Wlodarczyk, JH	1
Collis, DH	1
Sanu, A	1
Yalçin, SS	1
Gümüş, A	1
Yurdakök, K	1
Sutters, KA	1
Miaskowski, C	1
Holdridge-Zeuner, D	1
Waite, S	1
Paul, SM	1
Savedra, MC	1
Lanier, B	1
Mahoney, K	1
Zyoud, SH	2
Awang, R	2
Sulaiman, SA	2
Al-Jabi, SW	2
Bebarta, VS	1
Kao, L	1
Froberg, B	1
Clark, RF	2
Lavonas, E	1
Qi, M	1
Delgado, J	1
McDonagh, J	1
Arnold, T	1
Odujebe, O	1
O'Malley, G	1
Lares, C	1
Aguilera, E	1
Dart, R	1
Heard, K	1
Stanford, C	1
Kokko, J	1
Bogdan, G	1
Mendoza, C	1
Mlynarchek, S	1
Rhyee, S	1
Hoppe, J	1
Haur, W	1
Tan, HH	1
Tran, NN	1
Varney, S	1
Zosel, A	1
Buchanan, J	1
Al-Helial, M	1
Lasko, B	1
Levitt, RJ	1
Rainsford, KD	1
Bouchard, S	1
Rozova, A	1
Robertson, S	1
Hiller, A	1
Helenius, I	1
Nurmi, E	1
Neuvonen, PJ	2
Kaukonen, M	1
Hartikainen, T	1
Korpela, R	2
Taivainen, T	1
Meretoja, OA	2
Gumbrevičius, G	1
Sveikata, A	1
Sveikatienė, R	1
Stankevičius, E	1
Gasanova, I	1
Grant, E	1
Way, M	1
Rosero, EB	1
Joshi, GP	1
Milosevic, S	1
Tran, K	1
O'Brien, B	1
Giles, FJ	1
Cortes, JE	1
Halliburton, TA	1
Mallard, SJ	1
Estey, EH	1
Waddelow, TA	1
Lim, JT	1
GARCIAHERRERA, E	1
Walldén, J	1
Thörn, SE	1
Wattwil, M	1
Malonne, H	1
Coffiner, M	1
Fontaine, D	1
Sonet, B	1
Sereno, A	1
Peretz, A	1
Vanderbist, F	1
Amitai, Y	1
Mitchell, AA	2
McGuigan, MA	1
Lovejoy, FH	1
Woo, WW	1
Man, SY	1
Lam, PK	1
Rainer, TH	1
Ternullo, S	1
Pavy, E	1
Compère, V	1
Fourdrinier, V	1
Beghin, CE	1
Dujardin, F	1
Dureuil, B	1
Silvola, J	1
Laakso, E	1
Nonaka, A	1
Suzuki, S	1
Nagamine, N	1
Furuya, A	1
Abe, F	1
Vartiainen, M	1
Tokola, O	1
Miller, LF	1
Rumack, BH	1
Frank, GJ	1
Kefford, RH	1
Adams, RH	1
Dallos, V	1
Daniels, RG	1
Helps, PJ	1
Rogers, NC	1
Guest, KP	1
Rose, D	1
Wiseman, HM	1
Volans, GN	1
Mather, SJ	1
Peutrell, JM	1
Splinter, WM	1
Bass, J	1
Komocar, L	1
Mendel, HG	1
Guarnieri, KM	1
Sundt, LM	1
Torjman, MC	1
Hall, MD	1
Brodsky, L	1
Furst, SR	1
Rodarte, A	1
Bond, GR	1
Requa, RK	1
Krenzelok, EP	2
Normann, SA	1
Tendler, JD	1
Morris, CL	1
McCoy, DJ	1
Thompson, MW	1
McCarthy, T	1
Roblez, J	1
Reed, MD	1
Marx, CM	1
Day, A	1
Abbott, GD	1
Chan, TY	1
Chan, AY	1
Critchley, JA	1
Cade, L	2
Ashley, J	1
Hovorka, J	1
Kallela, H	1
Korttila, K	1
Chen, R	1
Williams, SR	1
Johnson, CL	1
Harchelroad, F	1
Anderson, B	1
Kanagasundarum, S	1
Woollard, G	1
Padda, GS	1
Cruz, OA	1
Krock, JL	1
Gabriel, CM	1
Minor, JR	1
Vogel, S	1
Piscitelli, SC	1
Saincher, A	1
Sitar, DS	1
Tenenbein, M	1
Granry, JC	1
Rod, B	1
Monrigal, JP	1
Merckx, J	1
Berniere, J	1
Jean, N	1
Boccard, E	1
McGuigan, M	1
Lheur, P	1
Scharman, EJ	1
Rømsing, J	1
Ostergaard, D	1
Walther-Larsen, S	1
Valentin, N	1
Boccara, G	1
Mann, C	1
Pouzeratte, Y	1
Bellavoir, A	1
Rouvier, A	1
Colson, P	1
Goyal, PK	1
Chandra, J	1
Unnikrishnan, G	1
Kumari, S	1
Passah, SM	1
Lesko, SM	1
Wilson, JT	1
Helms, R	1
Pickering, BD	1
Donahue, L	1
Brown, RD	1
Silvasti, M	1
Svartling, N	1
Pitkänen, M	1
Rosenberg, PH	1
Pendeville, PE	1
Von Montigny, S	1
Dort, JP	1
Veyckemans, F	1
Clifton, JC	1
Jain, JK	1
Harwood, B	1
Meckstroth, KR	1
Mishell, DR	1
Gunn, VL	1
Taha, SH	1
Liebelt, EL	1
Serwint, JR	1
Anderson, BJ	1
Woollard, GA	1
Holford, NH	1
Herrero, JL	1
Castellano, I	1
Gómez-Martino, JR	1
Novillo, R	1
Covarsí, A	1
Herren, K	1
Clarke, S	1
Hamers, JP	1
Abu-Saad, HH	1
Dixon, AJ	1
Davies, J	1
Dormandy, TL	1
Hamilton, EB	1
Holt, PJ	1
Mason, RM	1
Thompson, M	1
Weber, JC	1
Zutshi, DW	1
Fletcher, MR	1
Loebl, W	1
Scott, JT	1
Tobias, JD	1
Gregory, DF	1
Deshpande, JK	1
Tiller, J	1
Treasure, J	1
Roberts, RH	1
Tan, ST	1
Sinclair, SW	1
Lloyd, RS	1
Costello, F	1
Eves, MJ	1
James, IG	1
Miller, AJ	1
Eriksson, LS	1
Broomé, U	1
Kalin, M	1
Lindholm, M	1
Ross, AW	1
Pounder, DJ	1
Yonemitsu, K	1
Fuller, JG	1
McMorland, GH	1
Douglas, MJ	1
Palmer, L	1
Campbell, WI	1
Howden, CW	1
Chen, JT	1
Hirai, Y	1
Yagi, H	1
Katase, K	1
Shimizu, Y	1
Nakayama, K	1
Teshima, H	1
Hamada, T	1
Fujimoto, I	1
Yamuchi, K	1
Slattery, PJ	1
Mark, A	1
Couch, RA	1
Lerman, J	1
Eustis, S	1
Smith, DR	1
Goulding, R	1
Master, DR	1
Done, AK	1
Temple, AR	1
Wilkinson, M	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Comparison of the Efficacy of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in the Management of Fever in Sepsis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study[NCT06061575]	Phase 4	84 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Paracetamol in Manament of Labour Pain in a Low Resource Setting[NCT04744727]		96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Completed
A Randomised Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Pre-treatment With Ondansetron at Reducing Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Treated With Either the Conventional Regimen or a Modified Regimen of Acetylcysteine for Paracetamol Poisoning[NCT01050270]	Phase 4	222 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
A Randomized, Active-Controlled, Parallel Group, Double-Blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen ER and IR in Subjects Who Complain of Moderate to Severe Postoperative Pain[NCT01814878]	Phase 3	320 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
"Do NSAIDS or Executing Exercise Decrease Local Erythema, Site Swelling & Pain After INoculation: the NEED LESS PAIN Study"[NCT02807623]		300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
Home Care Management of Pediatric Pain[NCT00251628]	Phase 4	211 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-06-30	Completed
[NCT00643383]	Phase 3	277 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block After Abdominal Hysterectomy: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT01153503]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
Bilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With or Without Magnesium for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy With or Without Salpingo-oophorectomy: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02680626]	Phase 4	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Terminated (stopped due to Pfannenstiel hysterectomies are now rarely performed so cannot recruit eligible patients)
A New Approach to Ilio-inguinal Nerve Blocks: 3-layer Injection vs Conventional Ultrasound-guided Single-shot Approach[NCT01625780]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Terminated (stopped due to Not a significant difference in outcomes between groups)
The Effects of Propofol vs. Sevoflurane Administered During Anesthesia Maintenance on Early and Late Recovery After Gynecological Surgery[NCT01755234]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
A Comparison of Postoperative Tramadol Versus Acetaminophen With Codeine in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy[NCT01267136]	Phase 4	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Comparison of Supportive Therapies for Symptom Relief From Pediatric Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)[NCT01814293]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to loss of funding. No data was collected.)
ROPIVACAINE WITH CLONIDINE FOR PEDIATRIC RECTUS SHEATH BLOCKS- THE MAGIC COMBINATION? - A Double Blinded Prospective Study[NCT02439281]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Terminated (stopped due to The patients were discharged on the day of the surgery.)
Predicting Perioperative Opioid Adverse Effects and Personalizing Analgesia in Children: A Multicenter Pharmacogenetic Study[NCT01495611]		1,000 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-11-30	Completed
Ropivacaine Through Continuous Infusion Versus Epidural Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia After Emergency Cesarean Section[NCT02410317]	Phase 3	101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Randomized, Controlled, Double Blind, to Evaluate the Postpartum Analgesia With Epidural Morphine: Analgesic Effect of Two Different Doses Compared to Placebo[NCT04887649]	Phase 3	114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The dosage of the rescue medication (rescue medications are medicines that are administered to the participants when the efficacy of the study drug is not satisfactory, or the effect of the study drug is too great and is likely to cause a hazard to the participant, or to manage an emergency situation) because of insufficient pain relief was measured after administration of the study drug. Rescue medications allowed were oral or injection of tramadol HCl (intramuscular or intravenous injection). (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 3

Number of Doses of Rescue Medication Administered Because of Insufficient Pain Relief

Intervention	Milligram (Mean)
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	50.0
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	51.7

The frequency of the rescue medication (rescue medications are medicines that are administered to the participants when the efficacy of the study drug is not satisfactory, or the effect of the study drug is too great and is likely to cause a hazard to the participant, or to manage an emergency situation) because of insufficient pain relief was measured after administration of the study drug. Rescue medications allowed were oral or injection of tramadol HCl (intramuscular or intravenous injection). (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 3

Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) Score

Intervention	Doses (Mean)
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	2.1
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	1.4

The PGIC was used to assess the degree of participant's overall improvement with treatment, and participants were instructed to assess how much the overall status had been improved after investigational product administration compared to baseline in 7 grades (1=Very much improved and B=Very much worsened). (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Day 3

Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) at Hour 48

Intervention	Units on scale (Mean)
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	2.71
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	2.60

The SPID is time-weighted sum of all observations of pain intensity difference (PID) collected at each measurement time point from Baseline to 48 hours. PID: Baseline pain intensity (PI) minus current PI; PI was assessed using 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS, 0=no pain to 10=worst pain imaginable). PI score ranges from 0-3 where 0=no pain and 3=severe pain. PI score of 0=NRS score of 0, PI score of 1=NRS score >=1 and <=3, PI score of 2=NRS score of >=4 and <=6 and PI score of 3=NRS score of >=7 and <=10. Total score for SPID at 48 hours (SPID48) ranges from -144 (worst) to 144 (best). (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Hour 48

Time to the First Rescue Medication Administered Because of Insufficient Pain Relief

Intervention	Units on scale (Mean)
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	32.5
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	37.2

The time until administration of the first rescue medication (rescue medications are medicines that are administered to the participants when the efficacy of the study drug is not satisfactory, or the effect of the study drug is too great and is likely to cause a hazard to the participant, or to manage an emergency situation) because of insufficient pain relief after administration of the study drug was recorded. Rescue medications allowed were oral or injection of tramadol HCl (intramuscular [directly into muscle] or intravenous injection [directly into vein]). (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 3

Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) at Hour 6, 12 and 24

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	1339
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	1212

The SPID is time-weighted sum of all observations of PID collected at each measurement time point from Baseline to 24 hours. PID: Baseline PI minus current PI; PI was assessed using 11-point NRS, 0=no pain to 10=worst pain imaginable. PI score ranges from 0-3 where 0=no pain and 3=severe pain. PI score of 0=NRS score of 0, PI score of 1=NRS score >=1 and <=3, PI score of 2=NRS score of >=4 and <=6 and PI score of 3=NRS score of >=7 and <=10. Total score ranges from -18 (worst) to 18 (best) for SPID6, -36 (worst) to 36 (best) for SPID12 and -72 (worst) to 72 (best) for SPID24. (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Hour 6, 12, 24

Sum of Total Pain Relief and Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPRID)

Intervention	Units on scale (Mean)
	Hour 6	Hour 12	Hour 24
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	3.9	8.1	17.6
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	3.6	7.0	14.6

The SPRID is sum of SPID and TOTPAR. In SPID, PI score ranges from 0-3 where 0=no pain and 3=severe pain. PI score of 0=NRS score of 0, PI score of 1=NRS score >=1 and <= 3, PI score of 2=NRS score of >=4 and <=6 and PI score of 3=NRS score of >=7 and <=10. In TOTPAR, pain relief score ranges from 0-4 (0=no change, 1=slight relief, 2=moderate relief, 3=fair relief, 4=pain resolved completely). Total score ranges from -18 (worst) to 42 (best) for SPRID6, -36 (worst) to 84 (best) for SPRID12, -72 (worst) to 168 (best) for SPRID24 and -144 (worst) to 336 (best) for SPRID48. (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Hour 6, 12, 24, 48

Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR) Score

Intervention	Units on scale (Mean)
	Hour 6	Hour 12	Hour 24	Hour 48
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	10.9	23.1	49.1	97.0
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	9.6	19.6	41.8	85.9

Pain relief was measured on a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=no change, 1=slight relief, 2=moderate relief, 3=fair relief, 4=pain resolved completely). TOTPAR was calculated as the time-weighted sum over all pain relief up to 48 hours. Total score ranges from 0 (worst) to 24 (best) for TOTPAR6, 0 (worst) to 48 (best) for TOTPAR12, 0 (worst) to 96 (best) for TOTPAR24 and 0 (worst) to 192 (best) for TOTPAR48. (NCT01814878)
Timeframe: Hour 6, 12, 24, 48

Participants With Edema

Intervention	Units on scale (Mean)
	Hour 6	Hour 12	Hour 24	Hour 48
Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen IR	6.8	14.7	31.0	61.7
Tramadol Hydrochloride (HCl)/Acetaminophen ER	6.0	12.5	27.1	55.6

Swelling at vaccination site (NCT02807623)
Timeframe: baseline, 48-72 hours, and 21- 28 days (3 points)

Participants With Erythema

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Baseline	0
48-72 Hours After Vaccination	0
21-28 Days After Vaccination	0

Reddening of the skin at vaccination site reported as the total number of participants with erythema over the duration of the study. (NCT02807623)
Timeframe: baseline, 48- 72 hours, 21-28 days (3 points)

Lactate

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Baseline	0
48-72 Hours After Vaccination	0
21-28 Days After Vaccination	0

A Lactate meter was used to test the exercise group for lactate readings. Two lactate tests was performed for the exercise group at Visit 1, both pre and post Influenza vaccination. The first lactate reading was taken after the blood draw.The second lactate reading was obtained from a fingerstick from the hand opposite to the vaccination arm, ideally within 3-8 minutes after the study subject completes pushups. (NCT02807623)
Timeframe: Immediately prior to Influenza vaccine and 3-8 minutes after Influenza vaccine was administered and after push-ups were completed.

Level of Pain

Intervention	mmol/L (Mean)
	Lactate before pushups	Lactate after pushups
Compound Exercise of Push-ups	1.51	7.69

Level of Pain will be measured by validated pain scale, using a scale of 0 ( best, no pain) to 10 (worst, as bad as imaginable, completely interferes). (NCT02807623)
Timeframe: baseline, 48-72 hours and at 21-28 days ( 3 points )

Serologic Response - A/California/7/2009

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Visit 1	Visit 2	Visit 3
Compound Exercise of Push-ups	.14	.19	.13
Ibuprofen	.39	.56	.28
Placebo	.19	.22	.06

Baseline lab specimen (visit 1, day 0, before immunization) and repeated between 21-28 days (visit 3) after immunization to measure serologic response (NCT02807623)
Timeframe: Day 0 and between 21-28 days (2 points)

Serologic Response - A/Hong Kong / 4801/2014

Intervention	Titer (Mean)
	Baseline (day 0, visit 1)	Followup (between 21-28 days, visit 3)
Compound Exercise of Push-ups	214.80	345.09
Ibuprofen	171.00	239.25
Placebo	216.75	343.03

Serologic Response - B/Brisbane/60/2008

Intervention	Titer (Mean)
	Baseline (day 0, visit 1)	Followup (between 21-28 days, visit 3)
Compound Exercise of Push-ups	149.22	232.58
Ibuprofen	177.78	243.13
Placebo	221.09	296.66

Serologic Response - B/Phuket/3073/2013

Intervention	Titer (Mean)
	Baseline (day 0, visit 1)	Followup (between 21-28 days, visit 3)
Compound Exercise of Push-ups	26.00	41.02
Ibuprofen	17.41	25.47
Placebo	26.09	34.09

Morphine Consumption

Intervention	Titer (Mean)
	Baseline (day 0, visit 1)	Followup (between 21-28 days, visit 3)
Compound Exercise of Push-ups	32.89	49.07
Ibuprofen	40.16	47.34
Placebo	36.69	44.78

Morphine consumption over the first 24 hours (NCT01153503)
Timeframe: 24 hours post surgery

Mg of Morphine Equivalents (IV)

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Ketorolac 30 mg, IV + TAP Block	38.4
TAP Block	38.6
Ketorolac 30 mg	42.6

Total opioid use in the post operative care unit (Mg of morphine equivalents) (NCT01755234)
Timeframe: PACU admission to discharge

Opioid Use Discharge From Post Anesthesia Care Unit to 24 Hours After PACU Discharge.

Intervention	miligrams of morphine equivalents (Median)
Sevoflurane	9
Propofol	9.4

Opioid use in mg of morphine equivalents from discharge from the post anesthesia care unit to 24 hours after PACU discharge. (NCT01755234)
Timeframe: Discharge from PACU to 24 hours post operative after PACU discharge.

Pain in Post Anesthesia Care Unit

Intervention	mg morphine equivalents (Median)
Sevoflurane	30
Propofol	25

"Numeric rating scale for pain on a scale of 0-10 (0 is no pain and 10 is high pain) versus time curve in the post anesthesia care unit ( score * min). A higher value indicates more pain and time in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit.~The range is 0 pain to x time in minutes x 1 hour to 5 hour ( 60-300 minutes) . The pain scores were collected at 15 minute intervals from the time of admission to the PACU. The area under the NRS pain scale versus time curve was calculated using the trapezoidal method as an indicator of pain burden during early recovery (Graph Pad Prism ver 5.03, Graph Pad Software INC." (NCT01755234)
Timeframe: Time in the post anesthesia care unit

Quality of Recovery Score 24 Hours Post Operative

Intervention	Pain Score * minutes in PACU (Median)
Sevoflurane	270
Propofol	240

Quality of recovery score 24 hours after the surgical procedure.Score of 40 is poor recovery and a score of 200 is good recovery. (NCT01755234)
Timeframe: 24 hours after the surgical procedure

Efficacy of Two Different Liquid Pain Medications: Tramadol vs. Codeine/Acetaminophen During the Post-tonsillectomy Recovery Period.

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Sevoflurane	175
Propofol	176

Average number of post-operative days with pain score >4/10. Pain score assessments were administered once daily by parents using either the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) (with anchors 0=no pain and 10=highest pain imaginable) for children ages 8-15 (von Baeyer et al., 2009) or the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) (with anchors 0=no pain and 10=highest pain imaginable) for children ages 4-10 (Hicks et al., 2001). (NCT01267136)
Timeframe: Efficacy was assessed daily during the 10-day postoperative recovery period.

Number of Participants Reporting Side Effects During the Post-tonsillectomy Recovery Period.

Intervention	days (Median)
Capital® With Codeine Suspension	1.5
Tramadol Suspension	1

Parent-reported side effects entered in 10-day diary. (NCT01267136)
Timeframe: Side effects will be observed and recorded daily by caregivers for a total of 10 days in the take-home diary.

Average Pain Severity at the Umbilicus Laparoscopic Site

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Nausea	Vomiting	Fever	Itching	Rash	Sweating	Dizziness	Headache	Constipation	Oversedation	Tonsil bleed
Capital® With Codeine Suspension	20	21	11	5	1	9	15	12	21	14	3
Tramadol Suspension	20	18	10	12	1	7	17	17	21	8	0

Numeric Rating Pain Scores ( 0-10), will be obtained every 2 hours after PACU discharge up to 18 hours or until hospital discharge, whichever occurs first. The pain score of 0, means no pain, is a good outcome , and a pain score of 10 is excruciating pain, a very bad outcome. The average of these scores will be evaluated.The pain scores will not longer be documented after the numbness went away. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: Logistic regression of the 4 th pain score assessment

Change in Anxiety Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Ropivacaine Group	2
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	1.5

The investigators hypothesize that patient postoperative anxiety scores are lower in the Ropivacaine/Clonidine group and postoperative anxiety scores decrease more in Ropivacaine /Clonidine Group, than in Ropivacaine Group. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: 6 hours after block placement

Complications Rate

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Ropivacaine Group	30
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	29

The investigators expect no difference in incidence of complications (e.g. oversedation, hypotension, bradycardia episodes, etc.). (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: until study completion

Duration of Analgesia at Umbilicus Instrument Site-How Many Minutes Passed From the Time When the Blocks Where Performed Until Patient Reported Pain at Umbilicus

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	1
Ropivacaine Group	1

The investigators hypothesize that rectus sheath injections with ropivacaine/ clonidine would result in longer duration of analgesia and decreased pain scores compared to ropivacaine alone. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: indicated by the first request for pain medication at umbilicus site

Duration of Sensory Block (Paresthesia)

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	230
Ropivacaine Group	240

The investigators hypothesize that rectus sheath injections with ropivacaine and clonidine result in longer duration of sensory block (paresthesia) compared to ropivacaine alone. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: Indicated by return of normal sensation (expected average of 12 hours after block placement).

Medication Consumption

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	823.5
Ropivacaine Group	540

Total intravenous morphine equivalents mg/kg (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: 18 hours after surgery

Satisfaction With Pain Control From Patient

Intervention	mg/kg (Median)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	0.20
Ropivacaine Group	0.22

The investigators hypothesize that rectus sheath injections with ropivacaine/ clonidine would result in better satisfaction with pain control. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: Prior to hospital discharge (up to 24 hours after surgery)

Article	Year
A rare cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Internal medicine journal, 2013, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acetaminophen; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn	2013
Best evidence topic reports. Bet 2. Should ondansetron be used as the first-line anti-emetic in paracetamol overdose? Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2008, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Antiemetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Overdose; Evidence-Based M	2008
Position statement: ipecac syrup. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 1997, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antidotes; Charcoal; Child; Child,	1997
Treatment of salicylate poisoning. Modern treatment, 1971, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Acute Kidney Injury; Alkalosis, Respiratory; Aspirin	1971

Article	Year
Comparing the efficacy of peritonsillar injection of bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen on post-tonsillectomy pain in children. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2022, Volume: 279, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Female	2022
Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. The Pan African medical journal, 2020, Volume: 36 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Body Temperature; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Hospitals, Teaching;	2020
Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in management of labour pains in a low resource setting: a randomized clinical trial. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2022, Volume: 35, Issue:25 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Dizziness; Double-Blind Metho	2022
Comparison of IV dexketoprofen trometamol, fentanyl, and paracetamol in the treatment of renal colic in the ED: A randomized controlled trial. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2018, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory A	2018
Prevention of Opioid-Induced Nausea and Vomiting During Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acute Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing CL-108 (Hydrocodone 7.5 mg/Acetaminophen 325 mg/Rapid-Release, Low-Dose Promethazine 12.5 mg) with Conventi Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2019, 12-01, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Antiemetics; Drug Combinations; Fe	2019
Scottish and Newcastle antiemetic pre-treatment for paracetamol poisoning study (SNAP). BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2013, Apr-04, Volume: 14 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antiemetics; Double-Blind Me	2013
Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2014, Feb-22, Volume: 383, Issue:9918 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Antiemetics; Double-Blind Method;	2014
A randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of extended-release and immediate-release tramadol HCl/acetaminophen in patients with acute pain following total knee replacement. Current medical research and opinion, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Arthroplasty, Replace	2015
Transdermal Buprenorphine Relieves Neuropathic Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Diabetes care, 2016, Volume: 39, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid;	2016
Prophylactic use of acetaminophen in children vaccinated with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis. World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2008, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anorexia; Chemoprevention; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vac	2008
A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. The Clinical journal of pain, 2010, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Child	2010
Extended-release tramadol/paracetamol in moderate-to-severe pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with acute low back pain. Current medical research and opinion, 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Drug Admi	2012
Acetaminophen improves analgesia but does not reduce opioid requirement after major spine surgery in children and adolescents. Spine, 2012, Sep-15, Volume: 37, Issue:20 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid	2012
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominal plane block with multimodal analgesia for pain management after total abdominal hysterectomy. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2013, Volume: 288, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; An	2013
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominal plane block with multimodal analgesia for pain management after total abdominal hysterectomy. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2013, Volume: 288, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; An	2013
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominal plane block with multimodal analgesia for pain management after total abdominal hysterectomy. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2013, Volume: 288, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; An	2013
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominal plane block with multimodal analgesia for pain management after total abdominal hysterectomy. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2013, Volume: 288, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; An	2013
Intravenous corticosteroids to reduce gemtuzumab ozogamicin infusion reactions. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2003, Volume: 37, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aminoglycosides; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflamm	2003
The delay of gastric emptying induced by remifentanil is not influenced by posture. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 99, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Area Under Curve; Blood Gas Anal	2004
Long-term tolerability of tramadol LP, a new once-daily formulation, in patients with osteoarthritis or low back pain. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2005, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Administration Sche	2005
Randomized double-blind trial comparing oral paracetamol and oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for treating pain after musculoskeletal injury. Annals of emergency medicine, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofenac; Dizziness; Female; Humans	2005
[Evaluation of postoperative analgesia with continuous iliofascial nerve sheath block after total hip arthroplasty replacement: a pilot study]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2007, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amides; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narco	2007
Oral naproxen but not oral paracetamol reduces the need for rescue analgesic after adenoidectomy in children. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2007, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Anti-Inf	2007
Comparison of activated charcoal and ipecac syrup in prevention of drug absorption. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aminophylline; Charcoal; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Ipecac; Pharmaceutical	1983
Clinical safety of high oral doses of acetylcysteine. Seminars in oncology, 1983, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Suppl 1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antidotes; Aspartate Aminotransferases	1983
Report of a double-blind crossover study to compare flurbiprofen with paracetamol in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. The Journal of international medical research, 1983, Volume: 11 Suppl 2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Flurbiprofen; Hu	1983
Postoperative morphine requirements, nausea and vomiting following anaesthesia for tonsillectomy. Comparison of intravenous morphine and non-opioid analgesic techniques. Paediatric anaesthesia, 1995, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recove	1995
Regional anaesthesia for hernia repair in children: local vs caudal anaesthesia. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, Local; Bupiva	1995
The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 80, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Child; Child, P	1995
The effect of post-operative diet on recovery in the first twelve hours after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 1995, Volume: 31, Issue:2-3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Beverages; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Diet;	1995
Prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antiemetics; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Droperidol; Female; Humans	1994
Prophylactic paracetamol for analgesia after vaginal termination of pregnancy. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Acetaminophen; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia,	1993
Effect of intravenous diclofenac on pain and recovery profile after day-case laparoscopy. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 10, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Diclofenac; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; In	1993
The use of ondansetron in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 1996, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antiemetics; Humans; Injections, I	1996
Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol in children using tonsillectomy as a pain model. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1996, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Non-Nar	1996
Comparison of postoperative emesis, recovery profile, and analgesia in pediatric strabismus repair. Rectal acetaminophen versus intravenous fentanyl-droperidol. Ophthalmology, 1997, Volume: 104, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Rectal; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Child; Chi	1997
Efficacy of ipecac during the first hour after drug ingestion in human volunteers. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 1997, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liqui	1997
The analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 1997, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Bones of Upper Extremity; Child; Double-Blind M	1997
Analgesic efficacy and safety of preoperative versus postoperative ketorolac in paediatric tonsillectomy. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1998, Volume: 42, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Child;	1998
Improved postoperative analgesia with isoflurane than with propofol anaesthesia. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:9 Topics: Abdomen; Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Inhalation; A	1998
Double blind randomized comparative evaluation of nimesulide and paracetamol as antipyretics. Indian pediatrics, 1998, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ax	1998
The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. Pediatrics, 1999, Volume: 104, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Asthma; Bronchiolitis; Double-Blind Method;	1999
Acetaminophen controlled-release sprinkles versus acetaminophen immediate-release elixir in febrile children. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anxiety; Area Under Curve; Body Temperature; Child; Child,	2000
Comparison of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol versus morphine after microvascular breast reconstruction. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthes	2000
Double-blind randomized study of tramadol vs. paracetamol in analgesia after day-case tonsillectomy in children. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Child;	2000
Early pregnancy termination with vaginal misoprostol combined with loperamide and acetaminophen prophylaxis. Contraception, 2001, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Induced; Acetaminophen; Administration, Intravaginal;	2001
Acetaminophen analgesia in children: placebo effect and pain resolution after tonsillectomy. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2001, Volume: 57, Issue:8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male;	2001
Synthetic D(-)penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Double-blind controlled study of a high and low dosage regimen. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1975, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dyspepsia; Female; Humans;	1975
Feprazone, a new anti-inflammatory agent. Studies of potency and gastrointestinal tolerance. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1975, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Digestive System; Female; F	1975
Lignocaine vs bupivacaine in prominent ear correction: a controlled trial. British journal of plastic surgery, 1992, Volume: 45, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Bupivacaine; Child; Child,	1992
The efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release dihydrocodeine tablets and combination dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol tablets in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the hips. Current medical research and opinion, 1992, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Codeine; Delayed-Action Preparations	1992
[Effect of medical vagotomy on the CDDP induced nausea and vomiting evaluated by the chemotherapy-vomiting time (CV time)]. Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai zasshi, 1988, Volume: 40, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Cisplatin; Female; Humans; Metoclopramide; Middle Aged; Nausea; Ovarian Neopla	1988
Analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of nalbuphine--a comparison with pethidine. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1986, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Absorption; Acetaminophen; Adult; Animals; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Female; Gastric Emp	1986
Migraine treated with an antihistamine-analgesic combination. The Practitioner, 1973, Volume: 211, Issue:263 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Codeine; Cyclizine; Ergotamine; Female;	1973

Article	Year
Around Manaslu Ultramarathon: Diarrhea Is Still the King. Wilderness & environmental medicine, 2017, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetazolamide; Altitude; Altitude Sickness; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Bacterial	2017
Prospective evaluation of anesthetic protocols during pediatric ophthalmic surgery. European journal of ophthalmology, 2019, Volume: 29, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anti-Anxiety Agen	2019
Case 6-2019: A 29-Year-Old Woman with Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 02-21, Volume: 380, Issue:8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Buprenorphine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; D	2019
Treatment of paracetamol overdose: room for improvement? Lancet (London, England), 2014, Feb-22, Volume: 383, Issue:9918 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Alanine Transaminase; Antiemetics; Female; Humans; Male; Ondansetron;	2014
Treatment of paracetamol overdose. Lancet (London, England), 2014, Apr-19, Volume: 383, Issue:9926 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Alanine Transaminase; Antiemetics; Female; Humans; Male; Ondansetron;	2014
Treatment of paracetamol overdose--authors' reply. Lancet (London, England), 2014, Apr-19, Volume: 383, Issue:9926 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Alanine Transaminase; Antiemetics; Female; Humans; Male; Ondansetron;	2014
[Footballer's migraine instead of concussion]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2014, Volume: 158 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Antiemetics; Brain Concussion; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Migraine	2014
Changing the Management of Paracetamol Poisoning. Clinical therapeutics, 2015, Volume: 37, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anaphylaxis; Antidotes; Antiemetics; Biomar	2015
Zygomatic haematoma in an 11-month-old helps diagnose retropharyngeal abscess, with concurrent tonsillitis and subsequent infant tonsillectomy. BMJ case reports, 2016, Sep-20, Volume: 2016 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anorexia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Dexamethasone;	2016
Association between gastrointestinal manifestations following acetaminophen poisoning and outcome in 291 acetaminophen poisoning patients. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; C	2010
Assessing the impact of vomiting episodes on outcome after acetaminophen poisoning. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2010, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cohort Studies; D	2010
A multicenter comparison of the safety of oral versus intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2010, Volume: 48, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Anaphylaxis; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Overdose; Humans; Infus	2010
Paracetamol and simvastatin: a potential interaction resulting in hepatotoxicity. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2012, Volume: 48, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Coronary Artery Bypass; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Drug	2012
[RECTAL USE OF NAPA AS ANTIPYRETIC IN PEDIATRICS]. Medicina, 1964, Aug-25, Volume: 44 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Bronchitis; Child; Drug Therapy; Fever; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant	1964
Comment on "Acetaminophen: the 150 mg/kg myth". Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2005, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Overdose;	2005
Acetadote (intravenous acetylcysteine): adverse effects more significant than with oral acetylcysteine. Journal of emergency nursing, 2006, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Administration, Oral; Antidotes; Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose; Em	2006
[Postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia using propofol combined with fentanyl or pentazocine]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Aspirin; Chlorpheniramine; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D	2007
Vomiting in paracetamol poisoning. British medical journal, 1980, Feb-23, Volume: 280, Issue:6213 Topics: Acetaminophen; Humans; Methionine; Vomiting	1980
Influence of time until emesis on the efficacy of decontamination using acetaminophen as a marker in a pediatric population. Annals of emergency medicine, 1993, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Biomarkers; Body Burden; Charcoal; Child; Child, Preschool; Databases, Factual; Decon	1993
Ondansetron for treating nausea and vomiting in the poisoned patient. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1994, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Charcoal; Colchicine; Drug Overdose; Female; Humans; Nausea; Ondansetron;	1994
Chronic paracetamol poisoning in children: a warning to health professionals. The New Zealand medical journal, 1994, May-25, Volume: 107, Issue:978 Topics: Acetaminophen; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Drug Overdose; Health Occupat	1994
Paracetamol poisoning and hepatotoxicity in Chinese--the Prince of Wales Hospital (Hong Kong) experience. Singapore medical journal, 1993, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Chi	1993
Supportive care during aldesleukin therapy for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1997, May-15, Volume: 54, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antiemetics; Female; Fever; HIV Infections; Humans;	1997
Use of ondansetron and other antiemetics in the management of toxic acetaminophen ingestions. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 1998, Volume: 36, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antidotes; Antiemetics;	1998
I'll have my N-acetylcysteine with an orange twist. Pediatric emergency care, 2001, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Carbonated Beverages; Communication; Emergency Treatment;	2001
Toxicity of over-the-counter cough and cold medications. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 108, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antitussive Agents; Bradycardia; Brompheniramine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child, Pre	2001
[Acute kidney failure caused by paracetamol poisoning]. Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia, 2001, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver	2001
Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Vomiting in paracetamol overdose. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2002, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Drug Overdose; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Vomit	2002
Children's pain at home following (adeno) tonsillectomy. European journal of pain (London, England), 2002, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Child Behavio	2002
Children's pain at home following (adeno) tonsillectomy. European journal of pain (London, England), 2002, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Child Behavio	2002
Children's pain at home following (adeno) tonsillectomy. European journal of pain (London, England), 2002, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Child Behavio	2002
Children's pain at home following (adeno) tonsillectomy. European journal of pain (London, England), 2002, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Child Behavio	2002
Ondansetron to prevent emesis following N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen intoxication. Pediatric emergency care, 1992, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Ipecac; Ondansetr	1992
Purging with paracetamol: report of four cases. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1992, Sep-12, Volume: 305, Issue:6854 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Body Image; Body Weight; Bulimia; Female; Humans; Nausea; Substanc	1992
Hepatotoxicity due to repeated intake of low doses of paracetamol. Journal of internal medicine, 1992, Volume: 231, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Diarrhea; Eating; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ma	1992
Is fentanyl effective for postoperative analgesia in day-surgery? Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1992, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesia; Anesthesia	1992
Postmortem absorption of drugs and ethanol from aspirated vomitus--an experimental model. Forensic science international, 1991, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Absorption; Acetaminophen; Aged; Bronchi; Dextropropoxyphene; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Lung; Male; M	1991
Epidural morphine for analgesia after caesarean section: a report of 4880 patients. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1990, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean S	1990
Epidural morphine for analgesia after caesarean section: a report of 4880 patients. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1990, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean S	1990
Epidural morphine for analgesia after caesarean section: a report of 4880 patients. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1990, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean S	1990
Epidural morphine for analgesia after caesarean section: a report of 4880 patients. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1990, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean S	1990
Analgesic side effects and minor surgery: which analgesic for minor and day-case surgery? British journal of anaesthesia, 1990, Volume: 64, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Female	1990
Treatment of common minor ailments. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1986, Dec-13, Volume: 293, Issue:6561 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antacids; Antiemetics; Aspirin; Dyspepsia; Female; Heartburn; Histamine H1 Antagonist	1986
Effect of droperidol pretreatment on postanesthetic vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Anesthesiology, 1986, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Child; Child, Preschool; Codeine; Droperidol; Humans; Premedication; Strabismus; Vomi	1986
Acetaminophen poisoning. Pediatrics, 1973, Volume: 52, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Catalogs, Drug as Topic; Charcoal; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury	1973
Analgesic nephropathy associated with paracetamol. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1973, Volume: 66, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Codeine; Female; Headache; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Nausea; Phenacetin;	1973
Migraine--treatment of acute attack. British medical journal, 1971, Jun-26, Volume: 2, Issue:5764 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Antiemetics; Aspirin; Child; Ergotamine; Female;	1971

acetaminophen and Emesis