arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89 [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| Flora | Rank | Flora Definition | Family | Family Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juglans | genus | A plant genus of the family JUGLANDACEAE that provides the familiar walnut.[MeSH] | Juglandaceae | The walnut plant family of the order Juglandales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mainly temperate zone trees.[MeSH] |
| Symplocos | genus | [no description available] | Symplocaceae | [no description available] |
| Cochlospermum | genus | A plant genus of the family BIXACEAE that contains arjunolic acid and gum kondagogu (POLYSACCHARIDES).[MeSH] | Bixaceae | A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. Bixa contains bixin. Cochlospermum contains arjunolic acid and gum kondagogu (POLYSACCHARIDES).[MeSH] |
| Juglans sinensis | species | [no description available] | Juglandaceae | The walnut plant family of the order Juglandales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mainly temperate zone trees.[MeSH] |
| Symplocos lancifolia | species | [no description available] | Symplocaceae | [no description available] |
| Cochlospermum tinctorium | species | [no description available] | Bixaceae | A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. Bixa contains bixin. Cochlospermum contains arjunolic acid and gum kondagogu (POLYSACCHARIDES).[MeSH] |
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 73641 |
| CHEMBL ID | 464466 |
| CHEBI ID | 68381 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 565233 |
| MeSH ID | M0170868 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2,3,23-trihydroxy-, (2.alpha.,3.beta.,4.alpha.)- |
| arjunolic acid |
| (4as,6as,6br,8ar,9r,10r,11r,12ar,12br,14bs)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid |
| bdbm50250899 |
| CHEMBL464466 , |
| chebi:68381 , |
| olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2,3,23-trihydroxy-, (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)- |
| (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-2,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid |
| (2alpha,3beta)-2,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid |
| SCHEMBL565233 |
| arjunolicacid |
| arjunolic acid, >=95% (lc/ms-elsd) |
| AKOS032962083 |
| Q27136879 |
| CS-0023481 |
| HY-N2896 |
| DTXSID80963583 |
| 2alpha,3beta-24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid |
| (2,3,4)-2,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid; 2,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid; urjinolic acid |
| E88720 |
Arjunolic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid saponin found in CP. It is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger.
Arjunolic acid (AA) has been shown to have therapeutic benefits against various organ pathophysiologies. Its role in sepsis remains unclear.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Arjunolic acid (AA) has been shown to have therapeutic benefits against various organ pathophysiologies, although its role in sepsis remains unclear." | ( Abdel-Moneim, A; Almalki, M; Elmenshawy, O; Elsawy, H, 2022) | 1.44 |
| "Arjunolic acid (AA) has been shown to possess a multitude of biological functions." | ( The protective role of arjunolic acid against doxorubicin induced intracellular ROS dependent JNK-p38 and p53-mediated cardiac apoptosis. Das, J; Ghosh, J; Manna, P; Sil, PC, 2011) | 1.4 |
Arjunolic acid plays a significant protective role against cisplatin-induced testicular injury by attenuating oxidative stress parameters. It also plays a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Arjunolic acid also plays a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications." | ( Arjunolic acid: a new multifunctional therapeutic promise of alternative medicine. Ghosh, J; Sil, PC, 2013) | 2.55 |
| "Arjunolic acid plays a significant protective role against cisplatin-induced testicular injury by attenuating oxidative stress parameters along with downregulation of iNOS, TNF-α, and p38-MAPK testicular expressions." | ( Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in rats: the protective effect of arjunolic acid. Abdel-Aziz, A; Sarhan, OM; Sherif, IO, 2014) | 1.36 |
Pretreatment with arjunolic acid at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days could prevent the arsenic-induced testicular oxidative stress and injury to the histological structures of the testes. Arjunolic Acid pretreatment (80 mg/ kg orally) afforded significant protection against liver injury.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Arjunolic acid pretreatment (80 mg/kg, orally), on the other hand, afforded significant protection against liver injury." | ( Arjunolic acid, a triterpenoid saponin, prevents acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver and hepatocyte injury via the inhibition of APAP bioactivation and JNK-mediated mitochondrial protection. Das, J; Ghosh, J; Manna, P; Sil, PC, 2010) | 2.52 |
| "Arjunolic acid treatment is also shown to prevent the decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, ceruloplasmin, alpha-tocopherol, reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, lipid peroxide, MPO and the cardioprotection is confirmed by the histopathological studies." | ( Experimental myocardial necrosis in rats: role of arjunolic acid on platelet aggregation, coagulation and antioxidant status. Arutselvan, N; Balakrishna, K; Kumar, DA; Manikandan, P; Manohar, BM; Puvanakrishnan, R; Sumitra, M, 2001) | 1.29 |
| "Treatment with arjunolic acid at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days prior to arsenic administration prevents the alterations of the activities of all antioxidant indices and levels of the other parameters studied." | ( Protection of arsenic-induced hepatic disorder by arjunolic acid. Manna, P; Sil, PC; Sinha, M, 2007) | 0.93 |
| "Treatment with arjunolic acid at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days prior to arsenic administration almost normalized above indices." | ( Protective effect of arjunolic acid against arsenic-induced oxidative stress in mouse brain. Manna, P; Sil, PC; Sinha, M, 2008) | 1 |
| "Pretreatment with arjunolic acid at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days could prevent the arsenic-induced testicular oxidative stress and injury to the histological structures of the testes." | ( Protection of arsenic-induced testicular oxidative stress by arjunolic acid. Manna, P; Sil, PC; Sinha, M, 2008) | 0.91 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Sodium nitrite, a preservative used in meat products, helps in the production of free radicals, leading to increased lipid peroxidation, which plays a vital role in posing toxic effects in different body organs." | ( Protective effects of arjunolic acid against cardiac toxicity induced by oral sodium nitrite: effects on cytokine balance and apoptosis. Abbas, A; Al Youssef, A; Al-Gayyar, MM; Shams, ME; Sherif, IO, 2014) | 0.72 |
| " Cisplatin notable side effect of nephrotoxicity limits its use in clinic." | ( Renal protective effects of arjunolic acid in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model. Al-Gayyar, MM; Eladl, MA; Elsherbiny, NM, 2016) | 0.73 |
| "Minimizing the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents remains a therapeutic challenge." | ( Hepatoprotective effect of arjunolic acid against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Sherif, IO, 2021) | 0.92 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Arjunolic acid at an effective dosage of 15 mg/kg body wt." | ( Experimental myocardial necrosis in rats: role of arjunolic acid on platelet aggregation, coagulation and antioxidant status. Arutselvan, N; Balakrishna, K; Kumar, DA; Manikandan, P; Manohar, BM; Puvanakrishnan, R; Sumitra, M, 2001) | 1.47 |
| "Multiple methods were used to determine molecular cognizance of AA in T2DM rats, when treated with different dosage levels." | ( Arjunolic acid modulate pancreatic dysfunction by ameliorating pattern recognition receptor and canonical Wnt pathway activation in type 2 diabetic rats. Aamir, K; Afrin, MR; Arya, A; Hossain, CF; Jusuf, PR; Sarker, SD; Sethi, G, 2023) | 2.35 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| metabolite | Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. |
| antibacterial agent | A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. |
| antifungal agent | An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. |
| antioxidant | A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| pentacyclic triterpenoid | |
| hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | IC50 (µMol) | 102.7645 | 0.0140 | 5.9324 | 9.0000 | AID603224 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 | Ovis aries (sheep) | IC50 (µMol) | 40.0000 | 0.0003 | 2.1774 | 10.0000 | AID1617778 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 42.0000 | 0.0001 | 1.6847 | 9.3200 | AID1617774 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 40.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.9950 | 10.0000 | AID1617780 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 10.0000 | 0.0237 | 2.5259 | 8.9000 | AID444761 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID359156 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 64, Issue:3 | Three new triterpenes from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare and their hepatoprotective activity. |
| AID1617777 | Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal His-tagged 15-LOX2 expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| AID587673 | Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay | 2011 | Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2 | Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia. |
| AID603224 | Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase A assessed as release of phosphate from glucose-1-phosphate after 25 mins by microplate reader based method | 2011 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6 | Identification of pentacyclic triterpenes derivatives as potent inhibitors against glycogen phosphorylase based on 3D-QSAR studies. |
| AID357255 | Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90113 | 2002 | Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12 | Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies. |
| AID402092 | Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human H9 cells after 4 days | 1998 | Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 61, Issue:9 | Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids. |
| AID1435533 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production at 50 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID359152 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes assessed as cell viability at 25 uM treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay relative to normal hep | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 64, Issue:3 | Three new triterpenes from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare and their hepatoprotective activity. |
| AID1617775 | Inhibition of human recombinant 5-LOX expressed in insect cells assessed residual activity using arachidonic acid at 42 uM as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric ion oxidation-xylenol o | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| AID1617774 | Inhibition of human recombinant 5-LOX expressed in insect cells assessed as decrease in production of 5-HPETE and 5-HETE using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric io | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| AID402091 | Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B in human H9 cells after 4 days by p24 antigen ELISA | 1998 | Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 61, Issue:9 | Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids. |
| AID1435537 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production at 50 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID1331253 | Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase using PNPG as substrate at 200 uM preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1 | New polyhydroxytriterpenoid derivatives from fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. and their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. |
| AID1435536 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production at 0.4 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID587674 | Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis assessed as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay | 2011 | Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2 | Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia. |
| AID1331254 | Inhibition of rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase using PNPG as substrate at 200 uM after 30 mins | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1 | New polyhydroxytriterpenoid derivatives from fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. and their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. |
| AID1331255 | Inhibition of pig pancreas alpha-amylase using potato starch as substrate at 200 uM after 15 mins | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1 | New polyhydroxytriterpenoid derivatives from fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. and their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. |
| AID359153 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes at 100 uM treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay relative to control | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 64, Issue:3 | Three new triterpenes from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare and their hepatoprotective activity. |
| AID359155 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes at 25 uM treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay relative to control | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 64, Issue:3 | Three new triterpenes from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare and their hepatoprotective activity. |
| AID359151 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes assessed as cell viability at 50 uM treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay relative to normal hep | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 64, Issue:3 | Three new triterpenes from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare and their hepatoprotective activity. |
| AID444761 | Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay | 2010 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1 | Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes. |
| AID359150 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes assessed as cell viability at 100 uM treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay relative to normal he | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 64, Issue:3 | Three new triterpenes from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare and their hepatoprotective activity. |
| AID1435530 | Cytotoxicity against human NCI-N87 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID402093 | Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human H9 cells to EC50 for HIV1 3B | 1998 | Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 61, Issue:9 | Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids. |
| AID1435540 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production at 0.4 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID357254 | Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 | 2002 | Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12 | Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies. |
| AID1617780 | Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells assessed as decrease in PGE2 formation using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| AID1617781 | Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis r | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| AID1435539 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production at 2 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID1435534 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production at 10 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID1331252 | Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase using PNPG as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1 | New polyhydroxytriterpenoid derivatives from fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. and their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. |
| AID444763 | Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay | 2010 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1 | Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes. |
| AID587675 | Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay | 2011 | Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2 | Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia. |
| AID359154 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes at 50 uM treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay relative to control | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 64, Issue:3 | Three new triterpenes from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare and their hepatoprotective activity. |
| AID1591909 | Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitirc oxide production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS-stimulation and measured after 18 hrs by Griess assay | 2019 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16 | Bioactive triterpene glycosides from the fruit of Stauntonia hexaphylla and insights into the molecular mechanism of its inflammatory effects. |
| AID444762 | Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay relative to litocholic acid | 2010 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1 | Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes. |
| AID1435541 | Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID750462 | Antiviral activity against pseudo HCV infected in human 293T cells assessed as inhibition of HCV pseudo particles entry at 10 uM after 72 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay | 2013 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-13, Volume: 56, Issue:11 | Development of oleanane-type triterpenes as a new class of HCV entry inhibitors. |
| AID587676 | Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay | 2011 | Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2 | Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia. |
| AID1617776 | Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal His-tagged 15-LOX2 expressed in Escherichia coli using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric ion oxidation-xylenol orange as | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| AID1435529 | Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID1435538 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production at 10 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID357253 | Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid synthase | 2002 | Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12 | Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies. |
| AID1617779 | Inhibition of ovine recombinant COX1 assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| AID1435531 | Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID1435535 | Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production at 2 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control | 2016 | Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11 | Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus. |
| AID1617778 | Inhibition of ovine recombinant COX1 assessed as decrease in formation of PGE2 using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12 | Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (1.45) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (1.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 16 (23.19) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 43 (62.32) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 8 (11.59) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (33.29) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 7 (9.86%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 64 (90.14%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||