| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "Premature labor and patent ductus arteriosus are two potentially fatal hazards of the human newborn infant." | ( Altmiller, DH; Altshuler, G; Krous, HF; Sharpe, GL, 1979) |
| "Patency of the ductus arteriosus is thought to be maintained primarily by the vasodilatory effect of PGE2 both in utero and in prematurely born infants, and lung is a major source of PGE2 in fetuses and neonates." | ( Brown, DM; Tsai, MY, 1987) |
| "Patency of the ductus arteriosus is thought to be maintained primarily by the vasodilatory effect of PGE2 in fetuses and neonates." | ( Akahori, F; Arishima, K; Ikeda, Y; Masaoka, T; Takizawa, T; Togashi, H; Yamamoto, M, 1996) |
| "Patent ductus arteriosus is a risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis." | ( Dollberg, S; Lusky, A; Reichman, B, 2005) |
| "Patent ductus arteriosus is an independent risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants." | ( Dollberg, S; Lusky, A; Reichman, B, 2005) |
| "Patent ductus arteriosus is one of the most common congenital abnormalities found in premature infants." | ( Bellini, C; Campone, F; Serra, G, 2006) |
| "A patent ductus arteriosus is a risk factor for pulmonary hemorrhage; however, despite halving the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, indomethacin prophylaxis did not reduce the rate of pulmonary hemorrhage in the Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms." | ( Alfaleh, K; Asztalos, EV; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Smyth, JA; Solimano, A, 2008) |
| "Patent ductus arteriosus is a common morbidity associated with preterm birth." | ( Caprau, D; Cooper, ME; Dagle, JM; Johnson, KJ; Kelsey, KJ; Lepp, NT; Marazita, ML; Murray, JC; Orr, KL; Schaa, KL; Steffen, KM; Zimmerman, CR, 2009) |
| "Patent ductus arteriosus is a common occurrence among prematurely born neonates and is believed to play a role in the development of other complications of prematurity including intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis." | ( Cotten, CM; Ethington, PN; Goldberg, RN; Katakam, L; Smith, PB, 2011) |
| ""Patent ductus arteriosus is one of most common problems that physicians caring for preterm infants have to face." | ( Ciarmoli, E; Mosca, F; Schena, F, 2011) |
| "Although ongoing patency of the ductus arteriosus is common in small extremely preterm infants, consensus is lacking regarding its clinical significance and treatment strategies." | ( McNamara, PJ; Sehgal, A, 2012) |
| "Persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants." | ( Agarwal, G; Maheshwari, A; Mezu-Ndubuisi, OJ; Ohler, KH; Pham, JT; Raghavan, A, 2012) |
| "The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus is inversely proportional to gestational age and infants with the lowest gestational ages are the most exposed to the complications of prematurity." | ( Boubred, F; Buffat, C; Fayol, L; Grandvuillemin, I; Ligi, I; Mercanti, I; Millet, V; Simeoni, U, 2012) |
| "The patency of the ductus arteriosus is very common in extremely premature infants." | ( Bancalari, E, 2016) |
| "PDA(Patent ductus arteriosus) is a common and clinically important condition which is presented with a number of hemodynamic and respiratory problems such as intraventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis due to increased pulmonary blood flow and stealing from systemic circulation." | ( Avsar, MK; Celiksular, C; Demir, T; Zeybek, C, 2016) |
| "Patent ductus arteriosus is a common problem frequently encountered in preterm infants." | ( Atay, FY; Buyuktiryaki, M; Halil, H; Oncel, MY; Uras, N, 2018) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "This study examined the response of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to intravenous Indomethacin using serial two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography and documented the complications associated with therapy." | ( Rajadurai, VS; Yu, VY, 1991) |
| "The effect of early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the acute course of hyaline membrane disease was tested in a primate model, after intratracheal administration of 100 mg/kg exogenous bovine surfactant phospholipids at mean ages between 2." | ( Bhat, R; Maeta, H; Raju, TN; Shimada, S; Vidyasagar, D, 1989) |
| "To examine the independent effects of a patent ductus arteriosus and of indomethacin therapy on the renal function of the preterm newborn, we created a preterm lamb model in which ductus diameter could be regulated." | ( Clyman, RI; Gleason, CA; Heymann, MA; Leake, R; Mauray, F; Roman, C, 1988) |
| "Of the infants who had a left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus shunt before treatment, 64% of the indomethacin-treated and 33% of the saline solution-treated infants no longer had a patent ductus arteriosus on day 5." | ( Duncan, CC; Ehrenkranz, RA; Gettner, P; Kleinman, CS; Ment, LR; Scott, DT; Sherwonit, E; Taylor, KJ; Williams, J, 1988) |
| "The cardiovascular effects of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a premature baboon model of hyaline membrane disease treated with conventional positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV) or high-frequency ventilation (HFV) were studied." | ( Ackerman, NB; de Lemos, RA; Kuehl, TJ; Null, DM; Yoder, BA, 1987) |
| "The effect of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and its therapy on the pharmacokinetic disposition of gentamicin in very low birth weight neonates was studied." | ( Aldrich, M; Angelus, P; Johnson, JD; Kelly, HW; Watterberg, KL, 1987) |
| "Seventeen infants had a patent ductus arteriosus and were treated with indomethacin after the initial intracranial hemorrhage was diagnosed." | ( Ballard, R; Clyman, RI; Lane, B; Maher, P; Piecuch, R, 1985) |
| "The overall incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was 82% at 6 postnatal hours; 84% of the indomethacin-treated infants experienced closure of the ductus, compared to 60% of the placebo-treated patients." | ( Duncan, CC; Ehrenkranz, RA; Gettner, P; Kleinman, CS; Ment, LR; Pitt, BR; Scott, DT; Stewart, WB; Taylor, KJ, 1985) |
| "The 75% patent ductus arteriosus closure rate with indomethacin treatment in phase 1 was not statistically significant due to a 44% spontaneous closure rate in the control group." | ( Aziz, KU; Hunt, CE; Newfeld, EA; Wilson, A; Yanagi, RM, 1981) |
| "Our present policy for patent ductus arteriosus with respiratory distress syndrome in the premature baby is to initiate early treatment with indomethacin." | ( Alvarez, F; Burgueros, M; Gómez, R; Moreno, F; Quero, J; Sanchez, PA, 1980) |
| "Fourteen preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus were studied during three subsequent indomethacin bolus administrations with intervals of 12 and 24 h." | ( Hopman, JC; Kollée, LA; Liem, KD; Oeseburg, B, 1994) |
| "The effect of indomethacin treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on blood pressure was studied in 24 preterm infants." | ( Evans, N; Iyer, P, 1993) |
| "A hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was confirmed with an out-of-study echocardiogram, and the nonresponders were treated with standard indomethacin or ligation." | ( Cabalka, AK; Couser, RJ; Ferrara, TB; Hoekstra, RE; Payne, NR; Schilling, CG; Wright, GB, 1996) |
| "The incidence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus is significantly reduced in treated infants, pooled estimate of risk difference -0." | ( Fowlie, PW, 1996) |
| "Indomethacin has been used to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)." | ( Akahori, F; Arishima, K; Ikeda, Y; Masaoka, T; Takizawa, T; Togashi, H; Yamamoto, M, 1996) |
| "The incidence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus is significantly reduced in treated infants, pooled RR = 0." | ( Fowlie, PW, 2000) |
| "To determine in preterm infants with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) the effect of indomethacin treatment on spontaneous motor activity." | ( Bergervoet, M; Bos, AF; Pratl, B; van Eykern, LA; Venema, IM; Zweens, MJ, 2000) |
| "The incidence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus is significantly reduced in treated infants, pooled RR = 0." | ( Davis, PG; Fowlie, PW, 2002) |
| "Indomethacin therapy for closure of patent ductus arteriosus frequently causes oliguria, and occasionally more serious renal dysfunction." | ( Barrington, K; Brion, LP, 2002) |
| "Indomethacin therapy for closure of patent ductus arteriosus frequently causes oliguria, and occasionally more serious renal dysfunction." | ( Barrington, K; Brion, LP, 2002) |
| "Frequency of side effects and recurrent patent ductus arteriosus did not differ between treatment groups." | ( Baker, RW; Sobchak Brozanski, B; Yanowitz, TD, 2003) |
| "The use of indomethacin to treat patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants may either decrease the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis by stabilizing or closing the ductus arteriosus or increase its incidence by a direct constricting effect on mesenteric blood vessels." | ( Dollberg, S; Lusky, A; Reichman, B, 2005) |
| "Indomethacin therapy in absence of patent ductus arteriosus was not associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (odds ratio, 0." | ( Dollberg, S; Lusky, A; Reichman, B, 2005) |
| "To find a better treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants, the present study investigated the synergism of clinical doses of dexamethasone, indomethacin, and rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on the fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) in rats." | ( Imamura, S; Momma, K; Takami, T, 2005) |
| "Symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) is a common problem in premature infants and can be treated effectively with intravenous indomethacin, leading to permanent ductal closure in 70% to 80% of infants." | ( Beedgen, B; Brüssau, J; Feneberg, R; Huppertz, C; Linderkamp, O; Pöschl, J; Sperandio, M, 2005) |
| "A preterm male infant with a patent ductus arteriosus developed neutropenia during treatment with indomethacin." | ( Bengtsson, BO; Milstein, JM; Sherman, MP, 2006) |
| "This study compares the rates of patent ductus arteriosus treatment failure during a) the index period from June 2, 2003, to August 22, 2003, when all very low birthweight infants with a peripherally inserted central venous catheter received continuous infusion of heparinized parenteral nutrition; b) the baseline period of 1 yr before the index period; and c) the postindex period of 1 yr after the index period." | ( Lehtonen, L; Ojala, TH, 2007) |
| "The rate of patent ductus arteriosus treatment failure with indomethacin increased significantly during the index period compared with the baseline (odds ratio, 7." | ( Lehtonen, L; Ojala, TH, 2007) |
| "Persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common pathology in the preterm whose traditional treatment has been indomethacin." | ( Fernández Gilino, C; Gimeno Navarro, A; Gutiérrez Laso, A; Izquierdo Macián, I; Modesto Alapont, V; Morcillo Sopena, F, 2007) |
| "Twenty infants with patent ductus arteriosus (gestational age: <32 weeks), subsequently treated with indomethacin, were monitored for mean arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, near-infrared spectroscopy-determined regional cerebral oxygen saturation, and fractional tissue oxygen extraction ([arterial oxygen saturation - regional cerebral oxygen saturation]/arterial oxygen saturation)." | ( Lemmers, PM; Toet, MC; van Bel, F, 2008) |
| "We sought to analyze the effect of patent ductus arteriosus diameter on treatment success in premature neonates." | ( Arlettaz-Mieth, R; Baenziger, O; Balmer, C; Dodge-Khatami, A; Doell, C; Prêtre, R; Rousson, V; Tschuppert, S, 2008) |
| "In preterm babies requiring surgical patent ductus arteriosus closure, longer respiration times reflect a delay while attempting medical treatment, but respiration time is equally short between groups after shunt elimination." | ( Arlettaz-Mieth, R; Baenziger, O; Balmer, C; Dodge-Khatami, A; Doell, C; Prêtre, R; Rousson, V; Tschuppert, S, 2008) |
| "Persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants can result in serious hemodynamic changes causing respiratory, gastrointestinal and renal morbidities if not treated within the first week of life." | ( Corff, KE; Sekar, KC, 2008) |
| "Indomethacin is accepted therapy for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in ELBW infants (<1000 g)." | ( Alexander, F; Chiu, L; Hammel, J; Kroh, M; Moore, J, 2009) |
| "Treatment of a patent ductus arteriosus with COX-inhibitors such as indomethacin and ibuprofen, increases the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia without reducing other complications or death." | ( Bratlid, D; Farstad, T, 2009) |
| "The clinical decision to treat the patent ductus arteriosus is complicated by the lack of evidence available regarding clinical conditions under which closure should be attempted." | ( Cotten, CM; Ethington, PN; Goldberg, RN; Katakam, L; Smith, PB, 2011) |
| "Ibuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been shown to be as effective as indomethacin in small randomized controlled trials, with possibly fewer adverse effects." | ( Kushnir, A; Pinheiro, JM, 2011) |
| "Standard pharmacologic closure of the patent ductus arteriosus currently involves the administration of 1 of 2 cyclooxygenase inhibitors: either indomethacin or ibuprofen." | ( Bin-Nun, A; Fink, D; Hammerman, C; Kaplan, M; Markovitch, E; Schimmel, MS, 2011) |
| "Pharmacological closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is commonly achieved by intravenous (IV) administration of ibuprofen or indomethacin." | ( Bührer, C; Neumann, R; Schulzke, SM, 2012) |
| "The effect of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (indomethacin [INDO] and ibuprofen [IBU]) on regional oxygenation requires further clarification." | ( Bhatt, M; Mehta, R; Petrova, A, 2012) |
| "Treatment of the large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the setting of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is challenging." | ( Justino, H; Mallory, GB; Niu, MC; Petit, CJ; Ruiz, FE, 2013) |
| "Treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the preterm infant remains contentious." | ( Dempsey, EM; Franklin, OM; Letshwiti, JB; Miletin, J; Pichova, K; Semberova, J, 2017) |
| "Spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occurs frequently in very preterm infants and despite the lack of evidence for treatment benefits, treatment for PDA is common in neonatal medicine." | ( Bonet, M; Boyle, EM; Edstedt Bonamy, AK; Fenton, A; Gortner, L; Gudmundsdottir, A; Hasselager, AB; Maier, RF; Milligan, D; Norman, M; Toome, L; van Heijst, A; Van Reempts, P; Zeitlin, J, 2017) |
| "To examine yearly trends of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) diagnosis and treatment in very low birth weight infants." | ( Gould, JB; Lee, HC; Ngo, S; Profit, J, 2017) |
| "To determine the rate of patent ductus arteriosus after prophylactic low-dose paracetamol administration, the impact on outcome parameters, possible treatment side-effects and the influence on pain perception." | ( Brunner, B; Geiger, R; Höck, M; Karall, T; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U; Rier, V; Schermer, E; Thöni, S; Trawöger, R, 2020) |
| "The rate of patent ductus arteriosus was significantly lower in the paracetamol-treated group compared to the control group (13." | ( Brunner, B; Geiger, R; Höck, M; Karall, T; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U; Rier, V; Schermer, E; Thöni, S; Trawöger, R, 2020) |
| "The treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants remains a challenge." | ( Mydam, J; Naheed, ZJ; Rastogi, A, 2019) |
| "Repeat medical and/or surgical patent ductus arteriosus treatment rates were similar between groups." | ( Messina, C; Mintzer, JP; Rathi, P, 2019) |
| "Inclusion criteria: patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with a diameter ≥1 millimeter (mm) at 72 h from birth; need for ibuprofen treatment on the basis of a hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus (HsPDA)." | ( Brunetti, G; D'Amato, G; Del Vecchio, A; Errico, G; Faienza, MF; Franco, C; Petrillo, F, 2021) |
| "The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, rate of use of ibuprofen, maximum CRP and rate of surgical treatment in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group (P<0." | ( Gan, X; Li, J; Mao, J, 2019) |
| "Indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI)." | ( Berger, CD; Boatwright, N; Crockett, SL; Harris, M; Reese, J; Segar, JL; Shelton, EL; Su, RL; Yarboro, MT, 2020) |
| "Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is routinely treated in many countries with oral ibuprofen." | ( Guo, H; Huang, Y; Lin, HC; Liu, H; Peng, H; Shen, X; Yao, S; Zhou, M; Zhou, P, 2021) |
| "The question of whether to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) early or wait until symptoms appear remains high on the research agenda for neonatal medicine." | ( Bell, JL; Edwards, C; Field, D; Gupta, S; Hardy, P; Hutchison, E; Johnson, S; Juszczak, E; Kelsall, W; Laube, M; Linsell, L; Pepperell, J; Roberts, T; Sinha, S; Stanbury, K; Subhedar, N; Wyllie, J, 2021) |
| "To evaluate the efficacy of dual patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) pharmacotherapy compared to monotherapy we searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and references of relevant articles through October 20, 2021 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing dual PDA treatment vs." | ( Abdaljalil, H; Abu-Omar, R; Bin-Nun, A; Hammerman, C; Kasirer, Y; Mimouni, F; Nitzan, I; Schorrs, I, 2022) |
| "The different management strategies for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants are expectant management, surgery, or medical treatment with non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors." | ( Jasani, B; Mitra, S; Shah, PS, 2022) |
| "The different management strategies for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants are expectant management, surgery, or medical treatment with non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors." | ( Jasani, B; Mitra, S; Shah, PS, 2022) |
| "Milrinone is administered after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation to prevent and treat postoperative hemodynamic instability (i." | ( Fujita, A; Ito, A; Kashima, K; Kato, M; Kitaoka, H; Konishi, T; Matsui, H; Shitara, Y; Takahashi, N; Yasunaga, H, 2023) |