acetaminophen and Acute Hepatic Failure studies

Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Vomiting, retching, or need for rescue antiemetic treatment at 2 h was reported in 39 of 108 patients assigned to the shorter modified protocol compared with 71 of 109 allocated to the standard acetylcysteine regimen (adjusted odds ratio 0·26, 97·5% CI 0·13-0·52; p<0·0001), and in 45 of 109 patients who received ondansetron compared with 65 of 108 allocated placebo (0·41, 0·20-0·80; p=0·003)."	9.19	Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. ( Bateman, DN; Butcher, I; Cooper, JG; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, SC; Rodriguez, A; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Veiraiah, A; Vliegenthart, AD; Webb, DJ, 2014)
"Here we present the case of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient with preserved pulmonary function who developed acute liver failure requiring liver transplant following an episode of binge drinking and ingestion of a modest amount of acetaminophen."	8.31	Acute Liver Failure Triggered by Therapeutic Dose of Acetaminophen in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis. ( Goodman, A; Grenn, EE; Koller, FL; Petrasek, J, 2023)
"A 42-year-old woman receiving intensive care for fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen toxicity developed cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures."	7.81	Indomethacin for treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension secondary to acute liver failure. ( Abdelhak, TM; Jones, MC; Lasak-Myall, T; Varelas, PN, 2015)
" Several patients with lactic acidosis and glucose levels below 1."	7.80	A patient with acute liver failure and extreme hypoglycaemia with lactic acidosis who was not in a coma: causes and consequences of lactate-protected hypoglycaemia. ( Gladden, LB; Goodwin, ML; McDonald, JR; Nijsten, MW; Oldenbeuving, G; Reijngoud, DJ; Sayilir, R, 2014)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used medication in pregnancy and is considered safe."	7.78	Unintentional chronic acetaminophen poisoning during pregnancy resulting in liver transplantation. ( Minns, AB; Thornton, SL, 2012)
"The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores are widely used as prognostic markers in critical care settings and could improve triage of high-risk paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose patients."	7.77	The systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sequential organ failure assessment scores are effective triage markers following paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. ( Craig, DG; Davidson, JS; Hayes, PC; Martin, KG; Reid, TW; Simpson, KJ, 2011)
"Data were collected early after admission and again at the time of onset of grade 3-4 hepatic encephalopathy from acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure."	7.73	Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, multiple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Larsen, FS; Schmidt, LE, 2006)
"In long-term alcohol users, the syndrome of hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen taken in therapeutic or modestly excessive doses is distinctive."	7.70	Alcohol-acetaminophen syndrome. Even moderate social drinkers are at risk. ( Cox, C; Draganov, P; Durrence, H; Reuben, A, 2000)
" While the hepatotoxic effects of the drug have been well recognized in cases of acute overdose and chronic supratherapeutic doses, the toxic effects of acetaminophen are rarely documented in cases where therapeutic guidelines are followed."	5.39	Acute liver failure following cleft palate repair: a case of therapeutic acetaminophen toxicity. ( Boyajian, M; Cheerharan, M; Iorio, ML; Kaufman, SS; Reece-Stremtan, S, 2013)
"Patient 1 was admitted with acute liver failure following acetaminophen intoxication."	5.35	Apoptosis versus necrosis rate as a predictor in acute liver failure following acetaminophen intoxication compared with acute-on-chronic liver failure. ( Bechmann, LP; Canbay, A; Gerken, G; Jochum, C; Marquitan, G; Saner, F, 2008)
" Vomiting, retching, or need for rescue antiemetic treatment at 2 h was reported in 39 of 108 patients assigned to the shorter modified protocol compared with 71 of 109 allocated to the standard acetylcysteine regimen (adjusted odds ratio 0·26, 97·5% CI 0·13-0·52; p<0·0001), and in 45 of 109 patients who received ondansetron compared with 65 of 108 allocated placebo (0·41, 0·20-0·80; p=0·003)."	5.19	Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. ( Bateman, DN; Butcher, I; Cooper, JG; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, SC; Rodriguez, A; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Veiraiah, A; Vliegenthart, AD; Webb, DJ, 2014)
" There are many underlying etiologies, including acetaminophen toxicity, drug induced liver injury, and hepatitis."	5.01	Acute liver failure: A review for emergency physicians. ( Koyfman, A; Long, B; Montrief, T, 2019)
"The use of intravenous acetylcysteine for off-label indications, specifically non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (NAI-ALF), severe alcoholic hepatitis, and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), is reviewed."	4.89	Intravenous acetylcysteine for indications other than acetaminophen overdose. ( Bass, S; Zook, N, 2013)
" In Europe and North America a large proportion of cases are due to acetaminophen and to idiosyncratic drug reactions, whereas reports from emerging countries in Asia and Africa feature viral illnesses, particularly hepatitis B and E."	4.84	Etiologies of acute liver failure. ( Lee, WM, 2008)
"Here we present the case of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient with preserved pulmonary function who developed acute liver failure requiring liver transplant following an episode of binge drinking and ingestion of a modest amount of acetaminophen."	4.31	Acute Liver Failure Triggered by Therapeutic Dose of Acetaminophen in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis. ( Goodman, A; Grenn, EE; Koller, FL; Petrasek, J, 2023)
" Patients were classified by the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria, as well as for etiology of liver failure (acetaminophen-based, ischemic, and all others)."	3.81	Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients with acute liver failure. ( Hynan, LS; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; Sanders, CM; Seremba, E; Tujios, SR; Vazquez, MA, 2015)
"WLS, which has increased in proportion to the global rise of obesity, alters the absorption and metabolism of many drugs including acetaminophen (APAP) and may predispose to toxicity."	3.81	Acute Liver Failure Due to Acetaminophen Poisoning in Patients With Prior Weight Loss Surgery: A Case Series. ( Davern, TJ; DeMartini, S; Holt, EW, 2015)
"A 42-year-old woman receiving intensive care for fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen toxicity developed cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures."	3.81	Indomethacin for treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension secondary to acute liver failure. ( Abdelhak, TM; Jones, MC; Lasak-Myall, T; Varelas, PN, 2015)
" Several patients with lactic acidosis and glucose levels below 1."	3.80	A patient with acute liver failure and extreme hypoglycaemia with lactic acidosis who was not in a coma: causes and consequences of lactate-protected hypoglycaemia. ( Gladden, LB; Goodwin, ML; McDonald, JR; Nijsten, MW; Oldenbeuving, G; Reijngoud, DJ; Sayilir, R, 2014)
"Admission M30 levels were significantly elevated in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure and non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure patients compared with multiple organ failure, chronic liver disease, and healthy controls."	3.79	Character and temporal evolution of apoptosis in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure*. ( Abeles, RD; Antoniades, CG; Bernal, W; Dharwan, A; Heaton, ND; Hughes, RD; Jassem, W; Karvellas, CJ; Leslie, EM; Ma, Y; McPhail, MJ; Mitry, RR; Possamai, LA; Puthucheary, Z; Quaglia, A; Rawal, J; Shawcross, DL; Thursz, M; Tidswell, R; Wendon, JA; Zingarelli, V, 2013)
"Macrophage activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (POD)."	3.79	Serum neopterin and soluble CD163 as markers of macrophage activation in paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced human acute liver injury. ( Craig, DG; Hayes, PC; Lee, P; Pryde, EA; Simpson, KJ, 2013)
"A comatose 23-year-old woman with acute liver failure due to an overdose of acetaminophen had indications of intracranial hypertension and underwent liver transplantation."	3.78	Therapeutic hypothermia for treatment of intractable intracranial hypertension after liver transplantation. ( Fox, AD; Holena, DN; Levine, JM; Mills, AM; Tolstoy, NS, 2012)
"In this study, the authors evaluated the ability of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2) to reverse acute hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in mice."	3.78	Reduction of acute hepatic damage induced by acetaminophen after treatment with diphenyl diselenide in mice. ( Bridi, JC; Carbajo-Pescador, S; Carvalho, NR; da Rocha, JB; da Rosa, EJ; da Silva, MH; González-Gallego, J; Mauriz, JL; Soares, FA, 2012)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used medication in pregnancy and is considered safe."	3.78	Unintentional chronic acetaminophen poisoning during pregnancy resulting in liver transplantation. ( Minns, AB; Thornton, SL, 2012)
"In acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF), the hepatic coma grade worsens and mortality rates increase, as the number of systemic inflammatory response syndrome components fulfilled (SIRS score) increases."	3.78	SIRS score reflects clinical features of non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure with hepatic coma. ( Ikeda, F; Miyake, Y; Nouso, K; Takaki, A; Yamamoto, K; Yasunaka, T, 2012)
"The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores are widely used as prognostic markers in critical care settings and could improve triage of high-risk paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose patients."	3.77	The systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sequential organ failure assessment scores are effective triage markers following paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. ( Craig, DG; Davidson, JS; Hayes, PC; Martin, KG; Reid, TW; Simpson, KJ, 2011)
"In patients with FHF and cerebral edema from acetaminophen overdose, prolonged therapeutic hypothermia could potentially be used as a life saving therapy and a bridge to hepatic and neurological recovery."	3.75	Prolonged hypothermia as a bridge to recovery for cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension associated with fulminant hepatic failure. ( Jacob, S; Jacobs, ER; Kandiah, P; Khan, A; Nanchal, R, 2009)
" Twenty-four patients had seronegative liver failure, 15 had acetaminophen toxicity, 4 had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 3 had drug-induced liver failure, 2 had autoimmune hepatitis, and 1 had mushroom poisoning."	3.74	Auxiliary transplantation for acute liver failure: Histopathological study of native liver regeneration. ( Dhawan, A; Hadzic, D; Heaton, N; Heneghan, MA; Knisely, AS; Mieli-Vergani, G; Muiesan, P; O'Grady, JG; Portmann, BC; Quaglia, A; Rela, M; Samyn, M; Srinivasan, P; Wendon, J, 2008)
"To determine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute liver failure of indeterminate cause and their long-term outcome in comparison with patients with acute liver failure of obvious aetiology (acetaminophen and mushroom poisoning, Budd-Chiari syndrome, acute viral hepatitis) and other controls (idiosyncratic drug reactions, autoimmune hepatitis and Wilson's disease)."	3.74	Long-term follow-up of patients with acute liver failure of indeterminate aetiology. ( Bergquist, A; Björnsson, E; Kalaitzakis, E; Wei, G, 2008)
" The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of hepatobiliary efflux transporters in livers from patients after toxic acetaminophen (APAP) ingestion, with livers from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) serving as positive controls."	3.74	Induction of hepatobiliary efflux transporters in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure cases. ( Aleksunes, LM; Augustine, L; Barnes, SN; Cherrington, NJ; Goedken, MJ; Jakowski, AB; Manautou, JE; Pruimboom-Brees, IM; Scheffer, GL, 2007)
" However, recent case reports have suggested that acetaminophen concentrations may be falsely increased in the presence of hyperbilirubinemia."	3.74	False positive acetaminophen concentrations in patients with liver injury. ( Balko, JA; Fuller, D; Hynan, LS; Khan, AI; Koff, JM; Lee, WM; Murray, NG; Orsulak, P; Polson, J; Wians, FH, 2008)
"The most common causes of ALF were indeterminate liver failure (21%), acute hepatitis B (18%), acetaminophen ingestion (16%), and Budd-Chiari syndrome (9%)."	3.74	Prognostic implications of lactate, bilirubin, and etiology in German patients with acute liver failure. ( Bahr, MJ; Hadem, J; Klempnauer, J; Manns, MP; Rifai, K; Schneider, AS; Stiefel, P; Tillmann, HL; Wedemeyer, H, 2008)
"The results indicate that WLP-S-10 is a novel potential compound against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in mice, and its active mechanism is mainly related to protection against necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes through inhibition of mitochondrial energy (ATP) depletion and AIF and cytochrome C release."	3.74	Protection by bicyclol derivatives against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in mice and its active mechanism. ( Hou, Y; Li, L; Liu, G; Tong, Y; Wei, H; Wu, L; Wu, S, 2008)
"Data were collected early after admission and again at the time of onset of grade 3-4 hepatic encephalopathy from acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure."	3.73	Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, multiple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Larsen, FS; Schmidt, LE, 2006)
" Similarly, Fah(-/-) animals with liver injury were also resistant to apoptosis induced by the Fas ligand Jo-2 and to necrosis-like cell death induced by acetaminophen (APAP)."	3.72	Chronic liver disease in murine hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 induces resistance to cell death. ( Al-Dhalimy, M; Finegold, M; Grompe, M; Groopman, J; Iordanov, MS; Ou, CN; Ryabinina, O; van Den Berg, IE; Vogel, A, 2004)
"Acetaminophen overdose and idiosyncratic drug reactions have replaced viral hepatitis as the most frequent apparent causes of acute liver failure."	3.71	Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. ( Blei, AT; Crippin, JS; Davern, TJ; Fontana, RJ; Han, SH; Hay, JE; Hynan, L; Larson, A; Lee, WM; McCashland, TM; Ostapowicz, G; Reisch, J; Samuel, G; Schiødt, FV; Shakil, AO, 2002)
"We describe a patient with acute liver and renal failure secondary to acetaminophen and chronic alcohol abuse who was treated aggressively with oral acetylcysteine, continuous renal replacement therapy, glucose and branched-chain amino acid intravenous feeding and ventilatory support."	3.71	Is continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for acetaminophen-induced acute liver and renal failure worthwhile? ( Agarwal, R; Farber, MO, 2002)
"High levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha are associated with an increased risk of severe encephalopathy in acute liver failure, and experimental studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays a role in the development of acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced liver injury and associated multiple organ failure."	3.70	Tumor necrosis factor genomic polymorphism and outcome of acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced acute liver failure. ( Bernal, W; Donaldson, P; Underhill, J; Wendon, J; Williams, R, 1998)
"In long-term alcohol users, the syndrome of hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen taken in therapeutic or modestly excessive doses is distinctive."	3.70	Alcohol-acetaminophen syndrome. Even moderate social drinkers are at risk. ( Cox, C; Draganov, P; Durrence, H; Reuben, A, 2000)
"Acute liver failure is a rare condition involving the rapid development, progression, and worsening of liver dysfunction, characterised by coagulopathy and encephalopathy, and has a high mortality unless liver transplantation is performed."	3.01	Acute liver failure in low-income and middle-income countries. ( Cainelli, F; Vento, S, 2023)
"Dengue is a common cause of acute liver failure in tropical countries."	2.90	Effect of standard dose paracetamol versus placebo as antipyretic therapy on liver injury in adult dengue infection: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. ( Changpradub, D; Chuerboonchai, W; Jitsiri, S; Lertliewtrakool, N; Niyasom, S; Rojdumrongrattana, T; Siriwiwattana, T; Thongtaeparak, W; Vasikasin, V, 2019)
"Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but serious adverse event that can progress to acute liver failure (ALF)."	2.82	Therapeutic Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Review. ( Aithal, GP; Alvarez-Alvarez, I; Andrade, RJ; Arikan, C; Atallah, E; Lucena, MI; Medina-Caliz, I; Niu, H, 2022)
"In a prospective, double-blind trial, acute liver failure patients without clinical or historical evidence of acetaminophen overdose were stratified by site and coma grade and assigned randomly to groups that were given NAC or placebo (dextrose) infusion for 72 hours."	2.74	Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. ( Davern, TJ; Fontana, RJ; Hynan, LS; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; McCashland, T; Murray, NG; Reisch, JS; Robuck, PR; Rossaro, L; Stravitz, RT, 2009)
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global condition characterized by an accumulation of lipids in the hepatocytes."	2.72	Increased risk of acute liver failure by pain killer drugs in NAFLD: Focus on nuclear receptors and their coactivators. ( Arconzo, M; Moschetta, A; Piccinin, E, 2021)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug that is safe and effective in the therapeutic doses, but overdose may cause hepatotoxicity and even acute liver failure (ALF)."	2.72	[Research progress on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen]. ( Hu, T; Huang, WQ; Sun, H, 2021)
"Pulmonary mucormycosis is a highly lethal invasive fungal infection usually found in immunocompromised patients."	2.66	Pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute liver failure: A case report and systematic review of the literature. ( Carrier, FM; Chapdelaine, H; Huang, YQ; Luong, ML; Tremblay, JA, 2020)
"Liver injury and acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen (APAP, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, paracetamol) overdose is a significant clinical problem in most western countries."	2.66	Novel Therapeutic Approaches Against Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury and Acute Liver Failure. ( Akakpo, JY; Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A; Umbaugh, DS, 2020)
"Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole) is safe and has shown efficacy in preclinical models, human hepatocytes and in volunteers against APAP overdose."	2.66	Novel strategies for the treatment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. ( Akakpo, JY; Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A, 2020)
"A significant proportion of cases of acute liver failure (ALF) do not have an identifiable cause; so called "non A-E," "non A, non B, non C," "seronegative" or "indeterminate" hepatitis."	2.58	Systematic review: non A-E, seronegative or indeterminate hepatitis; what is this deadly disease? ( Brennan, PN; Donnelly, MC; Simpson, KJ, 2018)
"Acute liver failure is a rare condition with high short-term morbidity and mortality."	2.58	Classification and Epidemiologic Aspects of Acute Liver Failure. ( Pievsky, D; Pyrsopoulos, NT; Rustgi, N, 2018)
"Acute liver failure is a rare but life-threatening disease that can lead to progressive encephalopathy, intracranial hypertension, and multiorgan failure."	2.58	Modern Management of Acute Liver Failure. ( Khan, R; Koppe, S, 2018)
"The new model of the US Acute Liver Failure group was devised to cover all etiologies of ALF for predicting 'transplant-free' survival and accurately predicated spontaneous survival in two-thirds of cases."	2.58	Beyond KCH selection and options in acute liver failure. ( Bernal, W; Williams, R, 2018)
"Drug-induced acute liver failure carries a high morbidity and mortality rate."	2.55	Role of the inflammasome in acetaminophen-induced liver injury and acute liver failure. ( Jaeschke, H; Woolbright, BL, 2017)
"Acute liver failure is a rare but life-threatening medical emergency in pregnancy whose true incidence remains unknown."	2.53	Liver Failure in Pregnancy. ( Bacak, SJ; Thornburg, LL, 2016)
"The etiology and outcomes of acute liver failure (ALF) have changed since the definition of this disease entity in the 1970s."	2.53	The changing face of liver transplantation for acute liver failure: Assessment of current status and implications for future practice. ( Donnelly, MC; Hayes, PC; Simpson, KJ, 2016)
"As the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the USA and UK, acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity remains a significant public health concern and common indication for emergent liver transplantation."	2.52	Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: an updated review. ( Hiatt, JR; Lancaster, EM; Zarrinpar, A, 2015)
"NAC is safe for NAI-ALF."	2.52	Efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in "non-acetaminophen" acute liver failure: A meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials. ( Hu, J; Quan, Q; Ren, X; Sun, Z; Zhang, Q, 2015)
" One notable exception is acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol), which is a safe drug at therapeutic doses but can cause severe liver injury and acute liver failure after intentional and unintentional overdoses."	2.52	Acetaminophen: Dose-Dependent Drug Hepatotoxicity and Acute Liver Failure in Patients. ( Jaeschke, H, 2015)
" Formalized pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam removal in patients on MARS therapy are necessary to make clear dosing recommendations."	2.49	Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS(®)) removal of piperacillin/tazobactam in a patient with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Argento, AC; Heavner, MS; Ruggero, MA; Topal, JE, 2013)
"Cerebral edema is a cardinal feature and may produce uncal herniation, yielding brain stem compression and death."	2.48	Acute liver failure. ( Lee, WM, 2012)
"Acute liver failure is a remarkably rare syndrome, the result of rapid hepatocyte injury occurring over days or a few weeks, and encompassing multiple etiologies, but all with a remarkably similar clinical picture."	2.48	Recent developments in acute liver failure. ( Lee, WM, 2012)
"Acute liver failure is a devastating clinical syndrome with a persistently high mortality rate despite critical care advances."	2.46	Review article: the current management of acute liver failure. ( Craig, DG; Hayes, PC; Lee, A; Simpson, KJ, 2010)
"Acute liver failure is a rare disorder with high mortality and resource cost."	2.46	Acute liver failure. ( Auzinger, G; Bernal, W; Dhawan, A; Wendon, J, 2010)
"Patients diagnosed with acute liver failure or acute decompensated chronic liver failure remain a clinical challenge."	2.46	[Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure]. ( Klepstad, P; Ytrebø, LM, 2010)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a double-edged sword, mainly depending on the dosage."	2.44	LPCAT3/LPLAT12 deficiency in the liver ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. ( Inagaki, NF; Nakanishi, H; Ohto, T; Shimizu, T; Shindou, H, 2024)
"Drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF) accounts for approximately 20% of ALF in children and a higher percentage of ALF in adults."	2.44	Drug-related hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure. ( Bassett, M; Hadzic, N; Kelly, D; Murray, KF; Wirth, S, 2008)
"Malignancy is an uncommon cause of ALF, and thus imaging studies may not be useful in this setting, but liver biopsy may be beneficial in selected cases."	2.44	Epidemiology of acute liver failure. ( Khashab, M; Kwo, PY; Tector, AJ, 2007)
"Mechanical hyperventilation has a prompt effect on intracranial pressure."	2.44	The effect of hyperventilation upon cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. ( Strauss, GI, 2007)
"Acetaminophen has been widely used for > 50 years in the treatment of pain and fever and provides for the safe and effective relief of these symptoms."	2.44	Acetaminophen safety and hepatotoxicity--where do we go from here? ( Amar, PJ; Schiff, ER, 2007)
"Adults who received repeated dosing of acetaminophen 4 g/day or lower for at least 24 hours."	2.44	Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure? ( Bailey, E; Dart, RC, 2007)
"A careful search for the cause of acute liver failure in each case is of value in determining whether there are specific antidotes available and what the prognosis might be."	2.44	Etiologies of acute liver failure. ( Lee, WM; Seremba, E, 2008)
"Acute liver failure is the most severe expression and represents the first cause of fatalities related to drugs."	2.43	Drug-induced acute liver failure. ( Larrey, D; Pageaux, GP, 2005)
"Fulminant liver disease, acute liver failure (ALF), is one of the most intriguing and challenging conditions in the entire field of internal medicine."	2.42	Fulminant liver disease. ( Lee, WM; Schiødt, FV, 2003)
"Clinical descriptions of fulminant hepatic failure as originally reported, along with the subgroups of subfulminant and late onset hepatic failure identified later, are considered in relation to the proposed new classification of hyperacute, acute, and subacute liver failure."	2.39	Classification, etiology, and considerations of outcome in acute liver failure. ( Williams, R, 1996)
"We combined prospective data from the Acute Liver Failure Study Group (ALFSG) Registry with those of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) to assess outcomes among consecutive patients with ALF listed for LT."	1.91	Outcomes of patients with acute liver failure listed for liver transplantation: A multicenter prospective cohort analysis. ( Durkalski, V; Fontana, RJ; Karvellas, CJ; Lake, JR; Lee, WM; Leventhal, TM; Parekh, JR; Rakela, JL; Reddy, KR; Stravitz, RT; Zhang, J, 2023)
"BACKGROUND Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is commonly associated with elevated prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)."	1.91	A 36-Year-Old Woman with Acute Liver Failure Following Acetaminophen Overdose, Raised INR of 8.7, and Normal Blood Viscosity Measured by Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM). ( Elia, E; Lai, M; Nguyen, T; Yoon, U, 2023)
"Acetaminophen was the most common causative agent."	1.91	Drug induced liver injury: causative agents and predictors for the outcome - a retrospective study at Tanta University Hospital, Egypt. ( Elbastawesy, SM; Elkadeem, M; Helal, NE; Mashaal, SA, 2023)
"The FDA mandate limiting acetaminophen dosage to 325 mg/tablet in prescription acetaminophen and opioid products was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the yearly rate of hospitalizations and proportion per year of ALF cases involving acetaminophen and opioid toxicity."	1.91	Association of FDA Mandate Limiting Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) in Prescription Combination Opioid Products and Subsequent Hospitalizations and Acute Liver Failure. ( Fontana, RJ; Karvellas, CJ; Lee, WM; Lewis, CE; Locke, JE; MacLennan, PA; McGuire, BM; McLeod, MC; Orandi, BJ; Terrault, NM, 2023)
"Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is recognized as the most common cause of ALF in Western societies."	1.91	Loss of microRNA-21 protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. ( Anderson, CD; Huffman, AM; Rezq, S; Romero, DG; Syed, M; Yanes Cardozo, LL, 2023)
"Anisomycin and SP600125 were used as JNK activator and inhibitor, respectively, and NAC served as a positive control."	1.91	Fluorofenidone protects against acute liver failure in mice by regulating MKK4/JNK pathway. ( Gu, L; He, X; Hu, G; Huang, H; Li, S; Liu, X; Ma, R; Meng, J; Peng, Y; Peng, Z; Tang, J; Tao, L; Xie, Y; Yang, H; Yang, X; Zhang, Y, 2023)
"Post-ALF cholestasis is ubiquitous."	1.72	Prevalence, severity, duration and resolution of cholestasis after acute liver failure. ( Bellomo, R; Gow, P; Holmes, N; Kishore, K; Marhoon, N; Michel, C; Serpa Neto, A; Sinclair, M; Testro, A; Warming, S; Warrillow, S, 2022)
"Acetaminophen intoxication has become the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in Europe and the USA."	1.72	Early biomarkers predicting outcome in a porcine model of acetaminophen intoxication: A pilot study. ( Königsrainer, A; Lischner, U; Morgalla, M; Peter, A; Schenk, M; Thiel, C; Thiel, K, 2022)
"She developed encephalopathy and an international normalised ratio of 6."	1.72	Intravenous acetaminophen associated with acute liver failure. ( Balinski, A; Bower, R; Lee, M; McCarron, J, 2022)
"Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease associated with high mortality rates."	1.62	Clinical and Neurologic Outcomes in Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure: A 21-Year Multicenter Cohort Study. ( Ganger, DR; Karvellas, CJ; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; MacDonald, AJ; Nilles, KM; Orandi, BJ; Speiser, JL, 2021)
"Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are fatal adverse skin reactions characterized by high fever, epidermal detachment, and mucositis."	1.62	A pediatric case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome with acute liver failure, resulting in liver transplantation. ( Aihara, M; Honda, Y; Kumamoto, T; Saito, S; Takamura, N; Totsuka, M; Watanabe, T; Watanabe, Y; Yamanaka, S; Yoneda, M, 2021)
"Hypophosphatemia is a common and dangerous complication of acute liver failure (ALF) of various etiologies."	1.62	Hypophosphatemia in acute liver failure of a broad range of etiologies is associated with phosphaturia without kidney damage or phosphatonin elevation. ( Adams-Huet, B; Gregory, B; Lee, WM; Li, X; Moe, OW; Neyra, JA; Rakela, J; Rule, JA; Zechner, C, 2021)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver failure is an important clinical problem in the United States and the current antidote N-acetylcysteine, has a short early therapeutic window."	1.56	Late Protective Effect of Netrin-1 in the Murine Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Model. ( Duan, L; Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A; Woolbright, BL, 2020)
"Acute liver failure is a rare syndrome and is primarily caused by paracetamol toxicity in developed nations."	1.56	Acute liver failure. ( Arshad, MA; Bangash, MN; Murphy, N, 2020)
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevails in obesity and is linked to several health complications including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis."	1.51	The hepatokine Tsukushi is released in response to NAFLD and impacts cholesterol homeostasis. ( Aldow, M; Barbier, O; Beaulieu, MJ; Camiré, É; Caron, A; Festuccia, WT; Gélinas, Y; Guénard, F; Joubert, P; Jubinville, É; Kaci, I; Karvellas, CJ; Labbé, SM; Lamothe, J; Laplante, M; Marette, A; Mitchell, PL; Morissette, MC; Mouchiroud, M; Rose, CF; Roy, C; Trottier, J; Turcotte, L; Varin, TV, 2019)
"Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease with only a few treatment options available."	1.51	Liver-specific Bid silencing inhibits APAP-induced cell death in mice. ( Dames, S; Kuhla, A; Maxa, M; Schaeper, U; Vollmar, B, 2019)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a worldwide commonly used painkiller drug."	1.51	PGC-1β Induces Susceptibility To Acetaminophen-Driven Acute Liver Failure. ( Arconzo, M; Bellafante, E; Ducheix, S; Ferretta, A; Moschetta, A; Peres, C; Piccinin, E; Vegliante, MC; Villani, G, 2019)
"Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF) may require emergency liver transplantation (LT) in the presence of specific criteria, and its management may also include intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in selected patients at high risk of cerebral edema."	1.51	Outcome of Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure Managed Without Intracranial Pressure Monitoring or Transplantation. ( Ancona, P; Angus, P; Bellomo, R; Cioccari, L; Gow, P; Jones, K; Osawa, E; Porteous, J; Warrillow, S, 2019)
"Corilagin (Cori) is a natural polyphenol compound that possesses effective antioxidant activity; however, the protective effect of Cori on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is still unknown."	1.51	Corilagin alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via enhancing the AMPK/GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway. ( Feng, H; Hong, L; Lv, H; Tian, Y; Yin, C; Zhu, C, 2019)
"Acetaminophen was undetectable in serum samples from 227 patients (52%)."	1.51	Acetaminophen is Undetectable in Plasma From More Than Half of Patients Believed to Have Acute Liver Failure Due to Overdose. ( Gottfried, M; Hameed, B; Lee, WM; Leventhal, TM; Olson, JC; Subramanian, RM, 2019)
"Acute liver failure is a serious consequence of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxic liver injury with high rates of morbidity and mortality."	1.51	The TGFβ1 Receptor Antagonist GW788388 Reduces JNK Activation and Protects Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Mice. ( DeMorrow, S; Frampton, G; Grant, S; Jefferson, B; McMillin, M; Petrescu, AD; Williams, E, 2019)
"Curcumin (CUR) is a prevalent natural compound that can maintain prooxidant/antioxidant balance and thus can help in liver protection; also, Silymarin (SL) is a traditional antioxidant herb, used to treat liver disorders through scavenging free radicals."	1.51	Protective effects of curcumin and silymarin against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats. ( Ahmad, MM; Fawzy, A; Rezk, NA; Sabry, M, 2019)
"We collected data from the Acute Liver Failure Study Group cohort, a national registry of 32 academic medical centers in North America of adults with ALI or ALF, including 1162 patients with acetaminophen-induced ALI (n = 250) or acetaminophen-induced ALF (n = 912) from January 2000 through September 2016."	1.48	Acetaminophen-induced Acute Liver Failure Is More Common and More Severe in Women. ( Gottfried, M; Hameed, B; Lee, WM; Rubin, JB; Sarkar, M, 2018)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known analgesic, deemed a very safe over-the-counter medication."	1.48	Absolute quantitation of acetaminophen-modified human serum albumin in acute liver failure patients by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. ( Geib, T; Karvellas, CJ; LeBlanc, A; Leslie, EM; Roy, R; Shiao, TC; Sleno, L, 2018)
"Early survivors (acute liver failure patients who survived 90 days after the ICU admission) were assessed for long-term outcomes in four distinctive cohorts, incorporating aetiology (Acetaminophen overdose or non-Acetaminophen overdose), and management strategy (conservative or liver transplantation)."	1.48	Long-term outcome in patients with acute liver failure. ( Agarwal, B; Alabsawy, E; Figorilli, F; Jalan, R; Putignano, A, 2018)
"In the United States, the Acute Liver Failure Study Group (ALFSG) registry lists approximately 11% of cases as of indeterminate etiology (IND-ALF) as determined by the respective local site principal investigator (PI)."	1.48	Acute Liver Failure of Indeterminate Etiology: A Comprehensive Systematic Approach by An Expert Committee to Establish Causality. ( Bass, N; Chiu, C; Ganger, DR; James, L; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; Rakela, J; Reuben, A; Rule, J; Stravitz, RT; Sussman, N, 2018)
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of acute liver failure in pediatrics."	1.48	A case report of full recovery from severe cerebral edema secondary to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in a 13 year old girl. ( Austin, EB; Crouse, BA; Hobbs, H; Lobos, AT, 2018)
"Patients with acute liver failure (ALF) have defects in innate immune responses to microbes (immune paresis) and are susceptible to sepsis."	1.46	Increased Expression of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 by T Cells, Induced by B7 in Sera, Reduces Adaptive Immunity in Patients With Acute Liver Failure. ( Abeles, RD; Anderson, AE; Antoniades, CG; Auzinger, G; Bernal, W; Bernsmeier, C; El-Masry, A; Hou, TZ; Khamri, W; Kudo, N; Larsen, FS; Lebosse, F; Lombardi, G; Possamai, LA; Singanayagam, A; Thursz, M; Triantafyllou, E; Wendon, J; Weston, CJ; Willars, C, 2017)
"The term acute liver failure (ALF) is frequently applied as a generic expression to describe patients presenting with or developing an acute episode of liver dysfunction."	1.46	EASL Clinical Practical Guidelines on the management of acute (fulminant) liver failure. ( Bernardi, M; Cordoba, J; Dhawan, A; Larsen, FS; Manns, M; Samuel, D; Simpson, KJ; Wendon,, J; Yaron, I, 2017)
"Pediatric acute-liver-failure due to acetaminophen (APAP) administration at therapeutic dosage is rare, while viral infections and metabolic defects are the prevalent causes."	1.46	NBAS mutations cause acute liver failure: when acetaminophen is not a culprit. ( Brunati, A; Calvo, PL; Haak, TB; Olio, DD; Pinon, M; Romagnoli, R; Spada, M; Tandoi, F, 2017)
"Acetaminophen toxicity is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF)."	1.46	miRNA-122 Protects Mice and Human Hepatocytes from Acetaminophen Toxicity by Regulating Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 2 and Family 2 Subfamily E Member 1 Expression. ( Brüschweiler, R; Bruschweiler-Li, L; Chowdhary, V; Ghoshal, K; James, L; Junge, N; Lee, WM; Lin, CH; Teng, KY; Thakral, S; Wani, N; Yang, D; Zhang, B; Zhang, X, 2017)
"Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is associated with significant mortality."	1.46	Elevated FABP1 serum levels are associated with poorer survival in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Karvellas, CJ; Lee, WM; Rose, CF; Speiser, JL; Tremblay, M, 2017)
"Acute liver failure is a rare and devastating clinical condition resulting from sudden loss of hepatic parenchyma and metabolic function."	1.46	Acute liver failure in Scotland: changes in aetiology and outcomes over time (the Scottish Look-Back Study). ( Baird, A; Davidson, JS; Donnelly, MC; Hayes, PC; Martin, K; Simpson, KJ, 2017)
"Analyses of outcomes after acute liver failure (ALF) have typically included all ALF patients regardless of whether they were listed for liver transplantation (LT)."	1.43	Determinants of outcome among patients with acute liver failure listed for liver transplantation in the United States. ( Durkalski, V; Ellerbe, C; Fontana, RJ; Lee, WM; Reddy, KR; Schilsky, M; Stravitz, RT, 2016)
"Fewer than 50% of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) recover spontaneously, and ALF has high mortality without liver transplantation."	1.43	Association Between Plasma Level of Galectin-9 and Survival of Patients With Drug-Induced Acute Liver Failure. ( Biggins, SW; Gralla, J; Hillman, H; Hirashima, M; Lee, WM; Niki, T; Rosen, HR; Schilsky, M, 2016)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes acute liver failure (ALF) in animals and humans via the rapid depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage hepatocytes."	1.43	Protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure by omentum adipose tissue derived stem cells through the mediation of Nrf2 and cytochrome P450 expression. ( Chen, P; Huang, YJ; Lee, CY; Lee, HS; Lin, MT; Wu, YM; Yang, SY, 2016)
"14 of 54 cases of paediatric acute liver failure were attributed to paracetamol, the majority were secondary to medication errors."	1.42	Paracetamol-associated acute liver failure in Australian and New Zealand children: high rate of medication errors. ( Bishop, JR; Evans, HM; Lewindon, PJ; Rajanayagam, J, 2015)
" The dosing recommendations of paracetamol may need to be reconsidered after cleft palate surgery."	1.42	Acute Liver Failure and Hepatic Encephalopathy After Cleft Palate Repair. ( Celebiler, O; Kocaaslan, ND; Tuncer, FB; Tutar, E, 2015)
"Previous studies in patients with acute liver failure identified acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts in the serum of 12% and 19% of children and adults, respectively, with acute liver failure of indeterminate etiology."	1.42	Acetaminophen Adducts Detected in Serum of Pediatric Patients With Acute Liver Failure. ( Alonso, EM; James, LP; Squires, RH; Zhang, S, 2015)
"Acute liver failure is a rare but catastrophic condition which can progress rapidly to multi-organ failure."	1.42	Circulating microRNAs Reveal Time Course of Organ Injury in a Porcine Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure. ( Alibhai, H; Andreola, F; Baker, LA; Chang, YM; Davies, NA; Jalan, R; Leckie, PJ; Lee, KC; Mookerjee, RP; Palacios Jimenez, C, 2015)
"Ophthalmic acid (OA) is an analogue of GSH in which cysteine is replaced with 2-aminobutyrate."	1.42	Detection of Ophthalmic Acid in Serum from Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure Patients Is More Frequent in Non-Survivors. ( Karvellas, CJ; Kaur, G; Lee, WM; Leslie, EM; Swanlund, DP; Tillman, H, 2015)
"Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure concerns a small percentage of patients but can be successfully treated with albumin dialysis, and in extreme cases by liver transplantation."	1.42	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) induced acute liver failure - A social problem in an era of increasing tendency to self-treatment. ( Danielewicz, R; Kobryń, K; Kozieł, S; Krawczyk, M; Ołdakowska-Jedynak, U; Pinkas, J; Wróblewski, T; Ziarkiewicz-Wróblewska, B, 2015)
"Acetaminophen is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF)."	1.40	Candidate gene polymorphisms in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Court, MH; Greenblatt, DJ; Hazarika, S; Lee, WM; Peter, I; Vasiadi, M, 2014)
"Adult critically ill patients with acute liver failure presenting with grade III/IV hepatic encephalopathy (n = 629) prospectively enrolled between March 2004 and August 2011."	1.40	Outcomes and complications of intracranial pressure monitoring in acute liver failure: a retrospective cohort study. ( Battenhouse, H; Durkalski, V; Fix, OK; Karvellas, CJ; Lee, WM; Sanders, C, 2014)
" Therefore, a particular dosing regimen should be followed due to the toxicity risk of cumulative doses."	1.40	Acute liver failure in a term neonate after repeated paracetamol administration. ( Branco, MM; Bucaretchi, F; Caldas, JP; De Capitani, EM; Fernandes, CB; Hyslop, S; Moreno, CA; Porta, G, 2014)
"Neostigmine treatment led to significant reduction of serum liver enzymes (LDH (47,147 ± 12,726 IU/l vs."	1.40	Pharmacologic cholinesterase inhibition improves survival in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in the mouse. ( Eisenbach, C; Hoyler, B; Mogler, C; Sandig, C; Steinebrunner, N; Stremmel, W; Vittas, S, 2014)
" While the hepatotoxic effects of the drug have been well recognized in cases of acute overdose and chronic supratherapeutic doses, the toxic effects of acetaminophen are rarely documented in cases where therapeutic guidelines are followed."	1.39	Acute liver failure following cleft palate repair: a case of therapeutic acetaminophen toxicity. ( Boyajian, M; Cheerharan, M; Iorio, ML; Kaufman, SS; Reece-Stremtan, S, 2013)
"Significant morbidity associated with acute liver failure (ALF) is from the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)."	1.39	Role of Kupffer cells and toll-like receptor 4 in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Brunn, GJ; Fisher, JE; Juskewitch, JE; Lillegard, JB; Malhi, H; McKenzie, TJ; Nedredal, GI; Nyberg, SL; Smyrk, TC; Yi, ES; Yu, Y, 2013)
"Irreversible acute liver failure, defined as rise in prothrombin time >3 times normal, occurred 19."	1.39	A reproducible, clinically relevant, intensively managed, pig model of acute liver failure for testing of therapies aimed to prolong survival. ( Alibhai, H; Baker, LA; Chang, YM; Davies, NA; Jalan, R; L Priestnall, S; Leckie, PJ; Lee, KC; Mookerjee, RP; Palacios Jimenez, C; Stanzani, G, 2013)
"Candidates with fulminant hepatic failure (Status-1A) receive the highest priority for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States."	1.38	End-stage liver disease candidates at the highest model for end-stage liver disease scores have higher wait-list mortality than status-1A candidates. ( Gong, Q; Guidinger, M; Merion, RM; Schaubel, DE; Sharma, P, 2012)
"Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a complex multiorgan illness."	1.38	Comparison of the sequential organ failure assessment score with the King's College Hospital criteria and the model for end-stage liver disease score for the prognosis of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Agarwal, B; Betrosian, A; Burroughs, AK; Cholongitas, E; O'Beirne, J; Patch, D; Shaw, S; Theocharidou, E; Vasianopoulou, P, 2012)
"Serum LBP was measured in patients with acute liver failure from APAP and non-APAP causes."	1.38	Lipopolysaccharide binding protein is down-regulated during acute liver failure. ( Bayliss, J; Fontana, RJ; Jinjuvadia, K; Su, GL; Wang, SC, 2012)
"Acute liver failure was induced in 25 German land race pigs by acetaminophen intoxication."	1.38	Correlation of the intracranial pressure to the central venous pressure in the late phase of acute liver failure in a porcine model. ( Davies, N; Hawerkamp, E; Jalan, R; Klingert, W; Königsrainer, A; Leckie, P; Morgalla, MH; Proven, A; Schenk, M; Scheppach, J; Scheuermann, K; Schuhmann, MU; Thiel, C; Thiel, K, 2012)
"Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (AALF) is associated with innate immunity activation, which contributes to the severity of hepatic injury and clinical outcome."	1.38	Source and characterization of hepatic macrophages in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in humans. ( Abeles, R; Antoniades, CG; Auzinger, G; Barnardo, A; Bernal, W; Bruce, M; Heaton, N; Hussain, M; McPhail, M; Mitry, RR; Pomplun, S; Possamai, LA; Quaglia, A; Starling, C; Taams, LS; Thursz, MR; Vergani, D; Wagner, B; Wendon, J, 2012)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a safe analgesic and antipyretic drug."	1.38	Chemokines and mitochondrial products activate neutrophils to amplify organ injury during mouse acute liver failure. ( Amaral, SS; Avila, TV; Cara, DC; De Paula, AM; Leite, MF; Lima, BH; Lima, CX; Lopes, GA; Marques, PE; Melgaço, JG; Menezes, GB; Nogueira, LL; Oliveira, AG; Pinto, MA; Pires, DA; Russo, RC; Soriani, FM; Teixeira, MM, 2012)
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used nonsteroidal analgesic because it is considered safe."	1.38	[Study of the serum concentrations of acetaminophen overdose]. ( Hosoya, J; Iseki, K; Shiraishi, T; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, N; Tominaga, A; Toyoguchi, T, 2012)
"In experimental models of acute liver failure SERPINB3 was found significantly increased in microglia, the intrinsic immune cells of the central nervous system."	1.38	Increased Th1 immune response in SERPINB3 transgenic mice during acute liver failure. ( Amodio, P; Calabrese, F; Campagna, F; Gatta, A; Lunardi, F; Pontisso, P; Schiff, S; Tono, N; Turato, C; Villano, G, 2012)
"We investigated acetaminophen use and identify factors contributing to supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in hospitalized patients."	1.38	Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized patients. ( Bates, DW; Boulware, LJ; Chang, F; Mahoney, LM; Maviglia, SM; Orav, EJ; Plasek, J; Rocha, RA; Zhou, L, 2012)
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and has been shown to be a main cause of drug-induced liver failure."	1.37	Late extensive intravenous administration of N-acetylcysteine can reverse hepatic failure in acetaminophen overdose. ( Mehrpour, O; Sanaei-Zadeh, H; Shadnia, S, 2011)
"Eighteen of twenty-four acute liver failure sera were PCR positive while six had no detectable virus."	1.37	What factors determine the severity of hepatitis A-related acute liver failure? ( Ajmera, V; Fontana, RJ; Forbi, JC; Ganova-Raeva, LM; Khudyakov, Y; Lee, WM; Munoz, S; Opio, CK; Restrepo, R; Taylor, R; Vaughan, G; Xia, G, 2011)
"We determined acetaminophen protein adduct levels, in combination with a literature review and systematic evaluation of the cases, using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method for drug-induced liver injury to assess causality between recommended acetaminophen dosing and acute liver failure in two children with myopathies."	1.37	Acute liver failure after recommended doses of acetaminophen in patients with myopathies. ( Ceelie, I; de Wildt, SN; Gijsen, V; Ito, S; James, LP; Koren, G; Mathot, RA; Tesselaar, CD; Tibboel, D, 2011)
"Dengue is an acute febrile illness resulting from infection by a flavivirus transmitted by the Aedes mosquito."	1.37	Dengue causing fulminant hepatitis in a hepatitis B virus carrier. ( Agarwal, MP; Gharsangi, K; Giri, S; Roy, U; Sharma, V, 2011)
"Cerebral edema is a major cause of death during acute liver failure (ALF), but the exact mechanism of this condition is still not entirely clear."	1.37	Tumor necrosis factor-α affects blood-brain barrier permeability in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Fu, J; Li, C; Liu, P; Lv, S; Wang, W; Zhou, Y, 2011)
"Hyperammonemia is a major contributing factor to the encephalopathy associated with liver disease."	1.37	Encephalopathy in acute liver failure resulting from acetaminophen intoxication: new observations with potential therapy. ( Brusilow, SW; Cooper, AJ, 2011)
" The increased APAP resistance in LXR Tg mice was associated with increased APAP clearance, increased APAP sulfation, and decreased formation of toxic APAP metabolites."	1.37	Activation of liver X receptor increases acetaminophen clearance and prevents its toxicity in mice. ( Gao, J; Hoon Lee, J; Jiang, M; Niu, Y; Poloyac, SM; Qin, W; Saini, SP; Tian, H; Tortorici, MA; Uppal, H; Venkataramanan, R; Xie, W; Zhai, Y; Zhang, B, 2011)
"These mice exhibited hyperoxaluria with hyperoxalemia, nephrocalcinosis, and calcium oxalate stones in their renal tubules and bladder."	1.36	Urolithiasis and hepatotoxicity are linked to the anion transporter Sat1 in mice. ( Clarke, LA; Cowley, DM; Dawson, PA; Lee, S; Markovich, D; McLeay, SC; Russell, CS; van Dongen, JM, 2010)
"Acetaminophen is a dose-dependent toxin."	1.36	Acetaminophen dose does not predict outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Gregory, B; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; Reisch, J, 2010)
" The FDA advisory committee reviewed numerous observational studies and adverse event reporting data."	1.36	Removal of opioid/acetaminophen combination prescription pain medications: assessing the evidence for hepatotoxicity and consequences of removal of these medications. ( Dahl, JL; Duh, MS; Korves, C; Michna, E, 2010)
" These observations prompted us to investigate whether PGE2 plays a role in host defence to toxic effect of APAP."	1.36	The role of prostaglandin E2 in acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. ( Cavar, I; Culo, F; Kelava, T; Saraga-Babić, M; Vukojević, K, 2010)
"To examine whether paracetamol-induced acute liver failure increases long-term mortality."	1.36	Long-term prognosis for transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. ( Jepsen, P; Larsen, FS; Schmidt, LE; Vilstrup, H, 2010)
"Patients enrolled in the Acute Liver Failure Study Group registry with an admission amylase value available were included."	1.35	The role of etiology in the hyperamylasemia of acute liver failure. ( Blei, AT; Coté, GA; Daud, A; Gottstein, JH, 2009)
" The following study examined the pharmacokinetic profile and clinical associations of adducts in 53 adults with acute APAP overdose resulting in acute liver failure."	1.35	Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen-protein adducts in adults with acetaminophen overdose and acute liver failure. ( Capparelli, E; Davern, TJ; Hinson, JA; James, LP; Lee, WM; Letzig, L; Roberts, DW; Simpson, PM, 2009)
"Acetaminophen was the most common etiology, but LT proceeded more frequently in the non-acetaminophen cohort (acetaminophen: 45/326 patients received LT, 13."	1.35	The utilization of liver transplantation in the management of acute liver failure: comparison between acetaminophen and non-acetaminophen etiologies. ( Bates, CM; Garden, OJ; Hayes, PC; Henderson, NC; Lee, A; Masterton, G; Pollok, A; Simpson, KJ; Wigmore, SJ, 2009)
"Acetaminophen is a dose dependent hepatotoxin which is frequently associated with intentional self-harm."	1.35	Acetaminophen overdose in Jamaica. ( Lee, MG; Mills, MO, 2008)
"However, acute renal failure, although less frequent, can lead to serious metabolic complications and require hemodialysis."	1.35	[Acute renal failure after acetaminophen poisoning: report of three cases]. ( Allaouchiche, B; Baillon, JJ; Ber, CE; Christin, F; Hayi-Slayman, D; Hengy, B; Page, M; Rimmelé, T, 2009)
"We report two cases of fulminant hepatic failure caused by therapeutic (4 g x day(-1)) paracetamol administration on our Intensive Care Unit."	1.35	Acute liver failure following therapeutic paracetamol administration in patients with muscular dystrophies. ( Grant, IS; Pearce, B, 2008)
" In conclusion, NAC is safe in non-acetaminophen-induced ALF."	1.35	Safety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in children with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Bansal, S; Cheeseman, P; Dhawan, A; Kortsalioudaki, C; Mieli-Vergani, G; Taylor, RM, 2008)
"Patient 1 was admitted with acute liver failure following acetaminophen intoxication."	1.35	Apoptosis versus necrosis rate as a predictor in acute liver failure following acetaminophen intoxication compared with acute-on-chronic liver failure. ( Bechmann, LP; Canbay, A; Gerken, G; Jochum, C; Marquitan, G; Saner, F, 2008)
" This case report supports the use of N-acetylcysteine to treat neonatal acetaminophen toxicity and highlights the need for better education of parents regarding the appropriate use and dosage of acetaminophen in newborns."	1.34	Acetaminophen-induced hepatic failure with encephalopathy in a newborn. ( Baker, CF; Sarkar, S; Walls, L, 2007)
"Patients with acute liver failure due to chronic paracetamol intoxication present with very high transaminase levels (> 4000 U/l), disproportionately low total bilirubin levels (< 200 micromol/l) and often hypoglycaemia."	1.34	[Risk of acute hepatic insufficiency in children due to chronic accidental overdose of paracetamol (acetaminophen)]. ( Draaisma, JM; Hameleers-Snijders, P; Hogeveen, M; Kramers, C; Smeitink, JA, 2007)
" Physicians should be aware of potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of acetaminophen, even if given at therapeutic dosage in acute febrile illness."	1.34	Therapeutic dose of acetaminophen with fatal hepatic necrosis and acute renal failure. ( Lohachit, P; Ruamvang, T; Satirapoj, B, 2007)
" Algorithms for hepatotoxicity (including codes for hepatic necrosis, toxic hepatitis and encephalopathy) and ALF (hepatic necrosis and encephalopathy) were also highly predictive (c-statistics = 0."	1.34	Validation of ICD-9-CM/ICD-10 coding algorithms for the identification of patients with acetaminophen overdose and hepatotoxicity using administrative data. ( Leung, Y; Li, B; Myers, RP; Shaheen, AA, 2007)
"Imatinib mesylate is a drug that has been approved for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, accelerated or chronic phase, and also for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors."	1.34	Imatinib-induced fatal acute liver failure. ( Cacchione, R; Gadano, AC; Mandó, OG; Marciano, S; Ridruejo, E; Villamil, AG, 2007)
"Many patients with fulminant hepatic failure die before receiving liver transplantation because of the difficulty of pinpointing the suitable timing for liver transplantation."	1.33	New prognostic scoring model for liver transplantation in patients with non-acetaminophen-related fulminant hepatic failure. ( Ando, M; Araki, Y; Ikeda, H; Iwasaki, Y; Kita, K; Kobashi, H; Makino, Y; Miyake, Y; Sakaguchi, K; Shiratori, Y, 2005)
" Expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, a measure of small vessel density, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a downstream target of VEGFR2, were increased at 48 and 72 h following toxic doses of APAP, and treatment with SU5416 decreased their expression."	1.33	Vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte regeneration in acetaminophen toxicity. ( Donahower, B; Hinson, JA; James, LP; Kurten, R; Lamps, LW; McCullough, SS; Simpson, P, 2006)
"Serum samples from children with acute liver failure were measured for acetaminophen cysteine protein adducts using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection."	1.33	Detection of acetaminophen protein adducts in children with acute liver failure of indeterminate cause. ( Alonso, EM; Davern, TJ; Hinson, JA; Hynan, LS; James, LP; Lee, WM; Squires, RH, 2006)
"To evaluate the risk of fulminant hepatic failure in relation to paracetamol overuse with therapeutic intent in febrile children."	1.33	Fulminant hepatic failure and paracetamol overuse with therapeutic intent in febrile children. ( Fernandopulle, BM; Fernandopulle, M; Lamabadusuriya, SP; Ranganathan, SS; Sathiadas, MG; Sumanasena, S, 2006)
"Fulminant hepatic encephalopathy has a high mortality."	1.33	Microdialysis in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. ( Al-Rawi, PG; Czosnyka, M; Gimson, A; Hutchinson, PJ; Menon, DK; O'Connell, MT, 2006)
"Liver regeneration may be impaired in acute liver failure due to either inhibition of the proliferative response or ongoing liver cell death."	1.32	Activin A and follistatin in acute liver failure. ( Evans, LW; Hughes, RD, 2003)
"Because thrombocytopenia is common in patients with acute liver failure (ALF), we measured TPO concentrations (normal TPO range, 31 to 136 pg/mL) in 51 patients with ALF to determine if low levels were associated with thrombocytopenia."	1.32	Thrombopoietin in acute liver failure. ( Balko, J; Harrison, ME; Lee, WM; Schilsky, M; Schiødt, FV; Thornton, A, 2003)
"Progression of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major determinant of outcome in acute liver failure (ALF)."	1.32	Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. ( Blei, AT; Chung, C; Helenowski, I; Lee, WM; Polson, J; Reisch, J; Schiodt, FV; Vaquero, J, 2003)
"In addition to signs of acute liver failure with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, these three previously healthy young women demonstrated cutaneous vasoconstriction."	1.32	Coingestion of cyclooxygenase inhibitors can worsen severe paracetamol poisoning by middle-sized and small arteries vasoconstriction. ( Assemi, P; Castelain, V; Lavigne, T; Meyer, C; Meziani, F; Neuville, A; Schneider, F, 2003)
"We utilize a rabbit model of acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen administration to rabbits pretreated to enhance cytochrome p450 enzyme activity, and demonstrate that encapsulated HepG2 cells, in an extracorporeal chamber, perfused by rabbit plasma separated on-line at a rate of 2-5 mL/min, and perfused over cells at 40-60 mL/min, improve systemic parameters of liver failure (diastolic blood pressure and transjugular venous oxygen saturation)."	1.32	Alginate-encapsulated human hepatoblastoma cells in an extracorporeal perfusion system improve some systemic parameters of liver failure in a xenogeneic model. ( Diakanov, I; Hodgson, HJ; Khalil, M; Rahman, TM; Selden, C, 2004)
"Studies of acute liver failure from drugs have included cases mostly attributed to acetaminophen (APAP) but have reported limited data on other drugs."	1.32	Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States. ( Fried, MW; Galanko, JA; Russo, MW; Shrestha, R; Watkins, P, 2004)
"Paracetamol-induced acute liver failure is associated with increases in the CO2 gap and decreases in pHi between 4 to 9 days post-paracetamol ingestion."	1.31	A prospective study of gastric mucosal ischaemia in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. ( Gabe, SM; Rhodes, A; Wendon, JA, 2000)
"Patients with paracetamol-induced acute liver failure had higher Carstairs scores (1."	1.31	Referral patterns and social deprivation in paracetamol-induced liver injury in Scotland. ( Bathgate, AJ; Garden, OJ; Hayes, PC; Henderson, NC; Lee, A; MacGilchrist, AJ; Masterton, G; Newsome, PN; Plevris, JN; Simpson, KJ, 2001)
"Acetaminophen half-life has not been studied in patients receiving the antidote N -acetylcysteine."	1.31	The value of plasma acetaminophen half-life in antidote-treated acetaminophen overdosage. ( Bondesen, S; Christensen, E; Ott, P; Schiødt, FV, 2002)
"Acetaminophen overdose was the most frequent cause (60 patients; 20%), followed by cryptogenic/non A non B non C (NANBNC; 15%), idiosyncratic drug reactions (12%), hepatitis B (10%), and hepatitis A (7%)."	1.30	Etiology and outcome for 295 patients with acute liver failure in the United States. ( Atillasoy, E; Caldwell, C; Crippin, JS; Flamm, S; Hay, JE; Kowdley, KV; Lee, WM; McCashland, TM; Rosen, H; Schiff, ER; Schiodt, FV; Shakil, AO; Somberg, KA; Stribling, R, 1999)
"Thirteen patients developed fulminant hepatic failure, one of whom received a liver transplant; this patient died post-transplantation and was the only death in the series."	1.30	Paracetamol overdose in a liver transplantation centre: an 8-year experience. ( Angus, PW; Gow, PJ; Smallwood, RA, 1999)
"Some cases of paracetamol-induced acute hepatic failure may require liver transplantation but the present shortage of graft urges the search for an alternate therapeutic approach."	1.29	[Acute liver failure caused by paracetamol: should treatment with N-acetylcysteine be prolonged?]. ( Ajzenberg, N; Alvin, P; Dreyfus, M; Rey, C; Tchernia, G, 1995)

Research

Studies (506)

Authors

Clinical Trials (21)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Acetaminophen Glucuronidation Partial Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	26 (5.14)	18.2507
2000's	156 (30.83)	29.6817
2010's	249 (49.21)	24.3611
2020's	75 (14.82)	2.80

Authors	Studies
von Meijenfeldt, FA	1
Stravitz, RT	10
Zhang, J	5
Adelmeijer, J	1
Zen, Y	1
Durkalski, V	7
Lee, WM	66
Lisman, T	2
Xu, P	1
Xi, Y	1
Wang, P	1
Luka, Z	1
Xu, M	1
Tung, HC	1
Wang, J	1
Ren, S	1
Feng, D	2
Gao, B	2
Singhi, AD	1
Monga, SP	1
York, JD	1
Ma, X	1
Huang, Z	1
Xie, W	2
Mohan, N	1
Singhal, N	1
Stormon, MO	1
Britton, PN	1
Liava'a, M	1
Moynihan, KM	1
Karaarslan, U	1
Çolak, M	1
Topal, S	1
Atakul, G	1
Soydan, E	1
Çağlar, A	1
Ağın, H	1
Yang, Y	2
Ju, C	2
Vazquez, JH	1
Kennon-McGill, S	1
Byrum, SD	1
Mackintosh, SG	1
Jaeschke, H	10
Williams, DK	1
Dranoff, JA	1
McGill, MR	3
Fujiwara, K	1
Yasui, S	1
Kondo, T	1
Kato, N	1
Zhang, C	2
Lin, J	2
Zhen, C	1
Wang, F	1
Sun, X	1
Kong, X	1
Gao, Y	3
Xiao, Q	1
Zhao, Y	1
Ma, L	1
Piao, R	1
Warming, S	1
Michel, C	1
Serpa Neto, A	1
Kishore, K	1
Marhoon, N	1
Holmes, N	1
Bellomo, R	4
Testro, A	1
Sinclair, M	1
Gow, P	2
Warrillow, S	3
Raghu, K	1
Berry, MJ	1
Liu, K	1
Chen, X	2
Ren, Y	1
Liu, C	2
Wang, Z	1
Li, Y	2
Zhang, Y	3
Jiang, Z	2
Yang, X	2
Han, Y	1
Li, J	3
Hu, C	1
Xiao, W	1
Long, A	1
Magrath, M	1
Mihalopoulos, M	1
Rule, JA	3
Agrawal, D	1
Haley, R	1
Kleinschmidt, K	1
Karvellas, CJ	18
Leventhal, TM	3
Rakela, JL	1
Reddy, KR	6
Fontana, RJ	20
Lake, JR	1
Parekh, JR	1
Tujios, S	1
Niu, H	1
Atallah, E	1
Alvarez-Alvarez, I	1
Medina-Caliz, I	1
Aithal, GP	1
Arikan, C	1
Andrade, RJ	2
Lucena, MI	2
Thiel, C	4
Lischner, U	1
Morgalla, M	1
Peter, A	2
Schenk, M	4
Königsrainer, A	4
Thiel, K	4
Lee, M	3
McCarron, J	3
Balinski, A	3
Bower, R	3
Yoon, U	1
Lai, M	1
Nguyen, T	1
Elia, E	1
Helal, NE	1
Elkadeem, M	1
Elbastawesy, SM	1
Mashaal, SA	1
Orandi, BJ	2
McLeod, MC	1
MacLennan, PA	1
McGuire, BM	2
Lewis, CE	1
Terrault, NM	1
Locke, JE	1
Kwan, R	2
Chen, L	1
Park, MJ	1
Su, Z	1
Weerasinghe, SVW	1
Durkalski-Mauldin, VL	1
Omary, MB	3
Xiang, DD	1
Liu, JT	1
Zhong, ZB	1
Xiong, Y	1
Kong, HY	1
Yu, HJ	1
Peng, T	1
Huang, JQ	1
Huffman, AM	1
Syed, M	1
Rezq, S	1
Anderson, CD	1
Yanes Cardozo, LL	1
Romero, DG	1
Gu, L	1
He, X	1
Li, S	1
Tang, J	1
Ma, R	1
Huang, H	3
Peng, Y	1
Xie, Y	2
Peng, Z	1
Meng, J	1
Hu, G	1
Tao, L	3
Liu, X	1
Yang, H	1
Yao, Q	1
Tang, Y	2
Dai, S	1
Huang, L	1
Zheng, S	1
Sun, M	1
Xu, Y	2
Lu, R	1
Sun, T	1
Jiang, X	1
Yao, X	1
Lin, G	1
Kou, L	1
Chen, R	1
Rodimova, S	1
Mozherov, A	1
Elagin, V	1
Karabut, M	1
Shchechkin, I	1
Kozlov, D	1
Krylov, D	1
Gavrina, A	1
Bobrov, N	1
Zagainov, V	1
Zagaynova, E	1
Kuznetsova, D	1
Gupta, M	1
Gupta, S	3
Sood, D	1
Gupta, A	1
Jesrani, G	1
Lee, DU	1
Choi, D	1
Shaik, MR	1
Schuster, K	1
Schellhammer, S	1
Ponder, R	1
Lee, KJ	1
Chou, H	1
Ding, S	1
Bahadur, A	1
Fan, G	1
Lominadze, Z	1
Rodriguez-Fernandez, J	1
Garcia-Legler, E	1
Villanueva-Badenas, E	1
Donato, MT	1
Gomez-Ribelles, JL	1
Salmeron-Sanchez, M	1
Gallego-Ferrer, G	1
Tolosa, L	1
Vento, S	1
Cainelli, F	1
Inagaki, NF	1
Nakanishi, H	1
Ohto, T	1
Shindou, H	1
Shimizu, T	1
Mouchiroud, M	1
Camiré, É	1
Aldow, M	1
Caron, A	1
Jubinville, É	1
Turcotte, L	1
Kaci, I	1
Beaulieu, MJ	1
Roy, C	1
Labbé, SM	1
Varin, TV	1
Gélinas, Y	1
Lamothe, J	1
Trottier, J	1
Mitchell, PL	1
Guénard, F	1
Festuccia, WT	1
Joubert, P	1
Rose, CF	3
Barbier, O	1
Morissette, MC	1
Marette, A	1
Laplante, M	1
Tibballs, H	1
Bailey, M	1
McArthur, C	1
Lawson-Smith, P	1
Prasad, B	1
Anstey, M	1
Venkatesh, B	1
Dashwood, G	1
Walsham, J	1
Holt, A	1
Wiersema, U	1
Gattas, D	1
Zoeller, M	1
Garcia Alvarez, M	1
Win, S	1
Min, RW	1
Chen, CQ	1
Chen, Y	5
Li, M	4
Suzuki, A	1
Abdelmalek, MF	1
Wang, Y	2
Aghajan, M	1
Aung, FW	1
Diehl, AM	1
Davis, RJ	3
Than, TA	1
Kaplowitz, N	1
Maxa, M	1
Schaeper, U	1
Dames, S	1
Vollmar, B	1
Kuhla, A	1
Piccinin, E	2
Ducheix, S	1
Peres, C	1
Arconzo, M	2
Vegliante, MC	1
Ferretta, A	1
Bellafante, E	1
Villani, G	1
Moschetta, A	2
Puri, P	1
Kim, NK	1
Liou, I	4
Pezzia, C	2
Dong, V	1
Nanchal, R	2
Sahay, P	1
Jain, K	1
Sinha, P	1
Das, B	1
Mishra, A	1
Kesarwani, A	1
Sahu, P	1
Mohan, KV	1
Kumar, MJM	1
Nagarajan, P	1
Upadhyay, P	1
Huang, YQ	1
Tremblay, JA	1
Chapdelaine, H	1
Luong, ML	1
Carrier, FM	1
Akakpo, JY	2
Umbaugh, DS	1
Ramachandran, A	4
Bhushan, B	3
Gunewardena, S	1
Edwards, G	1
Apte, U	3
Yamada, N	1
Karasawa, T	1
Kimura, H	1
Watanabe, S	1
Komada, T	1
Kamata, R	1
Sampilvanjil, A	1
Ito, J	1
Nakagawa, K	1
Kuwata, H	1
Hara, S	1
Mizuta, K	1
Sakuma, Y	1
Sata, N	1
Takahashi, M	1
Neag, MA	1
Catinean, A	1
Muntean, DM	1
Pop, MR	1
Bocsan, CI	1
Botan, EC	1
Buzoianu, AD	1
Speiser, JL	5
Tremblay, M	2
Mitchell, RA	1
Rathi, S	1
Dahiya, M	1
Zhu, J	1
Hussaini, T	1
Yoshida, EM	1
Arnold, K	1
Sparkenbaugh, EM	1
Han, X	1
Zhang, X	4
Xia, K	1
Piegore, M	1
Zhang, F	1
Henderson, M	1
Pagadala, V	1
Su, G	1
Tan, L	1
Park, PW	1
Key, NS	1
Linhardt, RJ	1
Pawlinski, R	1
Xu, D	1
Liu, J	2
Yasri, S	1
Wiwanitkit, V	1
Duan, L	1
Woolbright, BL	2
Cavazza, A	1
McPhail, MJ	6
de Gomes, MG	1
Del Fabbro, L	1
Goes, AR	1
Souza, LC	1
Boeira, SP	1
Jesse, CR	1
Liu, Y	4
Xie, X	1
Yin, A	1
Yin, Y	1
Dong, L	1
Zhu, Z	1
Zhou, J	2
Zeng, Q	1
Lu, X	2
Chen, Z	2
Wen, K	1
Zuo, D	2
MacDonald, AJ	1
Ganger, DR	4
Nilles, KM	1
Larson, AM	9
Schuran, FA	1
Lommetz, C	1
Steudter, A	1
Ghallab, A	1
Wieschendorf, B	1
Schwinge, D	1
Zuehlke, S	1
Reinders, J	1
Heeren, J	1
Lohse, AW	2
Schramm, C	1
Herkel, J	1
Carambia, A	1
Arshad, MA	1
Murphy, N	2
Bangash, MN	1
Rouphael, C	1
D'Amico, G	1
Ricci, K	1
Cywinski, J	1
Miranda, C	1
Koval, C	1
Duggal, A	1
Quintini, C	1
Menon, KVN	1
Miller, C	1
Modaresi Esfeh, J	1
Kolodziejczyk, AA	1
Federici, S	1
Zmora, N	1
Mohapatra, G	1
Dori-Bachash, M	1
Hornstein, S	1
Leshem, A	1
Reuveni, D	1
Zigmond, E	1
Tobar, A	1
Salame, TM	1
Harmelin, A	1
Shlomai, A	1
Shapiro, H	1
Amit, I	1
Elinav, E	1
Raveh, Y	1
Simkins, J	1
Nicolau-Raducu, R	1
Ceylan, MF	1
Başkiran, A	1
Varol, Fİ	1
Şamdanci, ET	1
Karakaplan, M	1
Özkan, AS	1
González-Ponce, HA	1
Martínez-Saldaña, MC	1
Tepper, PG	1
Quax, WJ	1
Buist-Homan, M	1
Faber, KN	1
Moshage, H	1
Shklovsky-Kordi, A	1
Gelernter, R	1
Berkovitch, M	1
Dagan, Z	1
Kozer, E	1
Engle, RE	1
Gottfried, M	3
Hammed, B	1
Hanje, J	1
Kleiner, DE	1
Nguyen, H	1
Nishimura, N	1
Farci, P	1
Meinzer, C	2
Durkalski-Mauldin, V	2
Hanje, AJ	1
Olson, J	1
Koch, D	1
Hamid, B	1
Schilsky, ML	3
McGuire, B	3
Ganger, D	2
Clasen, K	1
Reuben, A	5
Cripps, M	1
Viswanathan, P	2
Sharma, Y	1
Jaber, FL	1
Tchaikovskaya, T	1
Di Giorgio, A	2
Bartolini, E	1
Calvo, PL	2
Cananzi, M	1
Cirillo, F	1
Della Corte, C	1
Dionisi-Vici, C	1
Indolfi, G	1
Iorio, R	1
Maggiore, G	1
Mandato, C	1
Nebbia, G	2
Nicastro, E	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Multi-Center Trial to Study Acute Liver Failure in Adults[NCT00518440]		3,488 participants (Actual)	Observational	1998-01-31	Completed
Pharmacogenomics of APAP Induced DILI in Chinese Population.[NCT04964310]		339 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-08-31	Recruiting
[NCT02833584]		123 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
Effect of Race/Ethnicity and Genes on Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics[NCT00768716]	Phase 4	95 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Multi-Center Group to Study Acute Liver Failure in Children[NCT00986648]		158 participants (Actual)	Observational	2000-01-31	Completed
A Randomised Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Pre-treatment With Ondansetron at Reducing Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Treated With Either the Conventional Regimen or a Modified Regimen of Acetylcysteine for Paracetamol Poisoning[NCT01050270]	Phase 4	222 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
A 3-part, Phase 1a/1b, First-in-human, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of Oral CDX-7108 in Healthy Adult Subjects and to Evaluate Proof-of-con[NCT05082051]	Phase 1	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-11	Completed
An Open Label Extension of XPro1595 in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease That Have Completed a Phase 1 or Phase 2 Study With XPro1595[NCT05522387]	Phase 2	261 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-21	Recruiting
An Open-label, Randomised, Cross-over, Single Centre Study in Healthy Volunteers to Optimise the Rotacap Formulation andROTAHALER Device for Delivery of Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol.[NCT01540708]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-16	Completed
[NCT00004467]	Phase 3	173 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1998-06-30	Completed
A Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of OCR-002 (Ornithine Phenylacetate) in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Liver Failure/Severe Acute Liver Injury[NCT01548690]	Phase 2	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
13C-Methacetin Breath Test for the Prediction of Outcome in in Acute Liver Injury or Acute Liver Failure[NCT02786836]	Phase 2/Phase 3	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-10	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Steroids in the Management of Fulminant Hepatic Failure Due to Hepatitis A Virus in the Pediatric Age Group[NCT02375867]	Phase 4	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Treatment With Paracetamol in Children and Adults With Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Cerebral Palsy[NCT03648658]	Phase 4	48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-18	Recruiting
Consumer Understanding and Use of Non-Prescription Analgesics, Investigation of Efficacy of Improved Acetaminophen Labeling[NCT01592448]		662 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-10-31	Completed
Cells of Monocytic Origin as Surrogate Markers for Individual Drug Effects and Hepatotoxicity[NCT02353455]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2013-03-31	Recruiting
Aminotransferase Trends During Prolonged Therapeutic Acetaminophen Dosing[NCT00743093]	Phase 4	398 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
A Multi-center Study of the Safety and Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure in Pediatric Patients Not Caused by Acetaminophen.[NCT00248625]	Phase 3	184 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-01-31	Completed
A Phase 2 Trial of N-Acetylcysteine in Biliary Atresia After Kasai Portoenterostomy[NCT03499249]	Phase 2	16 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-05-18	Active, not recruiting
Collection of Blood and Stool Samples in Patients With Acute Hepatitis[NCT00001879]		200 participants	Observational	1999-03-31	Completed
Use of HA 330-II for Hemofiltration in Patients With Acute Liver Failure as a Bridge to Liver Transplantation: Clinical Evaluation Protocol.[NCT04243655]	Phase 4	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-30	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Acetaminophen glucuronidation partial clearance determined from plasma clearance and urinary metabolite excretion (NCT00768716)
Timeframe: 2 days

Acetaminophen Glucuronidation Partial Clearance Association With UGT2B15 Genotype

Intervention	mL/min/kg (Median)
White Subjects	2.9
Black Subjects	3.3

The association of acetaminophen glucuronidation partial clearance with UGT2B15 genotype (NCT00768716)
Timeframe: 2 days

Acetaminophen Oxidation Partial Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

Intervention	mL/min/kg (Median)
UGT2B151/1	3.8
UGT2B151/2	2.8
UGT2B152/2	2.1

Acetaminophen oxidation partial clearance determined from plasma clearance and urinary metabolite excretion (NCT00768716)
Timeframe: 2 days

Acetaminophen Plasma Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

Intervention	mL/min/kg (Median)
White Subjects	0.9
Black Subjects	0.57

Plasma total clearance of acetaminophen in plasma measured by HPLC (NCT00768716)
Timeframe: 2 days

Acetaminophen Plasma Clearance Association With UGT2B15 Genotype

Intervention	mL/min/kg (Median)
White Subjects	5.3
Black Subjects	5.9

The association of UGT2B15 genotype with acetaminophen total clearance (NCT00768716)
Timeframe: 2 days

Acetaminophen Sulfation Partial Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

Intervention	mL/min/kg (Median)
UGT2B151/1	6.4
UGT2B151/2	5.5
UGT2B152/2	4.7

Acetaminophen sulfation partial clearance determined from plasma clearance and urinary metabolite excretion (NCT00768716)
Timeframe: 2 days

APAP Plasma Adduct Association With UGT2B15 Genotype

Intervention	mL/min/kg (Median)
White Subjects	1.4
Black Subjects	1.7

The association of UGT2B15 genotype with APAP plasma adduct concentrations (NCT00768716)
Timeframe: 2 days

Change in Ammonia

Intervention	mL/min/kg (Median)
UGT2B151/1	16
UGT2B151/2	19
UGT2B152/2	27

To evaluate the effect of OCR-002 on ammonia levels in patients with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: Baseline and 72 Hours

Measurement of OCR-002 Plasma Concentration

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	41.2
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	16.6
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	41.8
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	38.4

To evaluate the steady state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of OCR-002 in patients with impaired and intact renal function using urinary phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) as a surrogate marker (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 24 Hours after last infusion

Neurological Function Measured by the Orientation Log (O-log)

Intervention	micrograms per millileter (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	65.6
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	32.2
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	33.4
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	104.9

The orientation log focuses on orientation to place, time, and circumstance. There are 10 items on the orientation log, which are scored 0-3. A spontaneous correct response is awarded 3 points. A spontaneous response that is lacking or incorrect, but a correct response is provided following a logical cue is awarded 2 points. A score of 1 is given if spontaneous and cued responses are lacking or incorrect, but a correct response is provided in a recognition format. A score of 0 is given if the spontaneous, cued, or recognition format does not generate a correct answer. Scores from the 10 items are summed and the final score ranges from 0 to 30. (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 30 Days

Neurological Function Measured by the West Haven Criteria (WHC) for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	23.8
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	24.0
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	24.0
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	24.0

The West Haven Criteria (WHC) for Hepatic Encephalopathy measures the severity of encephalopathy and patient's level of consciousness. The scale ranges from 0 to 4; a minimum score of 0 represents a better outcome, and a maximum total score of 4 represents a worse outcome. A score of 0 corresponds to normal consciousness and behavior and normal neurological examination. A score of 1 corresponds to mild lack of awareness, shortened attention span, and impaired addition or subtraction; mild asterixis or tremor. A score of 2 corresponds to lethargy, disorientated or inappropriate behavior, obvious asterixis; slurred speech. A score of 3 corresponds to somnolent but arousable, gross disorientation or bizarre behavior, muscle rigidity and clonus; hyperreflexia. A score of 4 corresponds to coma and decerebrate posturing. (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 120 hours from start of infusion

Number of Participants That do Not Tolerate the Administered Dose and Had Grade 3 or 4 Treatment Emergent Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	2.4
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	3.2
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	1.6
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	1.8

To evaluate the safety and tolerability of OCR-002 in patients with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 30 Days

Cumulative Percent Dose Recovery 20 (cPDR20) Value

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	0
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	0
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	0
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	0

The relationship between the cPDR (cumulative PDR of metabolized 13C-Methacetin 20 minutes after ingestion) in single time points of MBT measurements and TFS and non-TFS (death/transplant) at Day 21. (NCT02786836)
Timeframe: The first MBT reading either on Day 1 or Day 2 and Day 21

Peak Percent Dose Recovery (PDR) Value

Intervention	percentage per hour (Mean)
	Day 1 or 2 MBT/transplant free survival at Day 21	Day 1 or 2 MBT & Day 21 non-TFS
13C-Methacetin Breath Test (MBT)	1.4	0.2

Peak PDR is the maximal percent dose recovery (PDR) rate which reflects the maximum rate of metabolism of 13C-methacetin measured as the change in 13CO2 / 12CO2 (normal carbon dioxide) ratio after ingestion of 13C-methacetin normalized using the patient's height and weight. The distributions of mean PDR Peak values were compared between TFS (transplant free survival) and non-TFS (death/transplant) at Day 21. (NCT02786836)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 21

Peak Percent Dose Recovery (PDR) Value

Intervention	percentage per hour (Mean)
	Mean Peak PDR for TFS subjects at Day 21	Mean Peak PDR for non-TFS subjects at Day 21
13C-Methacetin Breath Test (MBT)	10.2	1.9

This outcome is similar to the peak PDR defined in the primary outcome but as a secondary we are looking at Day 1 or Day 2 peak PDR values. Peak PDR is the maximal percent dose recovery (PDR) rate which reflects the maximum rate of metabolism of 13C-methacetin measured as the change in 13CO2 / 12CO2 ratio after ingestion of 13C-methacetin normalized using the patient's height and weight. The distributions of mean PDR Peak values were compared between TFS and non-TFS (death/transplant) at Day 21. (NCT02786836)
Timeframe: The first MBT reading either on Day 1 or Day 2 and Day 21

The Proportion of Subjects Treated With Long-term Acetaminophen (4 g/Day) That Develops Persistent ALT Elevations.

Intervention	percentage per hour (Mean)
	Day 1 or 2 MBT & Day 21 TFS	Day 1 or 2 MBT & Day 21 non-TFS
13C-Methacetin Breath Test (MBT)	9.1	2.3

ALT was measured on Day 0 and 16 for all study participants. Subjects with an elevated ALT at Day 16 continued dosing with study drug and continued to have their ALT measured every three days until the ALT elevation resolved or until Day 40. Persistent ALT elevation was defined as any subject with an unresolved ALT elevation at study Day 40. (NCT00743093)
Timeframe: serial samples for 16-40 days

The Proportion of Subjects With Detectable Serum Acetaminophen-cysteine Adduct (APAP-cys) Concentrations 1, 2, and 3 Days After Starting the Maximal Recommended Dosing of Acetaminophen (4 g/Day).

Cumulative Percent Incidence of Transplantation by 1 Year

Infectious Complication

Length of Hospital Stay

Spontaneous Recovery

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Subjects without persisitent ALT elevation	Subjects with persistent ALT elevation
Acetaminophen Arm	204	1
Placebo Arm	47	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Day 1-No. Subjects with Detectable APAP-cys	Day 2-No. Subjects with Detectable APAP-cys	Day 3-No. Subjects with Detectable APAP-cys
Acetaminophen Arm	7	57	59
Placebo Arm	1	1	1

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	45
Placebo	35

Intervention	Participants (Number)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	20
Placebo	21

Intervention	days (Median)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	103
Placebo	21

Survival without liver transplantation (NCT00248625)
Timeframe: One year following randomization

Survival

Intervention	participants (Number)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	33
Placebo	49

Spontaneous survival without transplant plus survival following transplantation (NCT00248625)
Timeframe: One year following randomization

Categorized Length of ICU Stay

Intervention	Participants (Number)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	68
Placebo	76

The length of ICU stay was categorized as number of days in ICU within 7 days of randomization, unless participant either died or received an LTx within this time period. Special categories were created for these cases. (NCT00248625)
Timeframe: Within 7 days of randomization

Highest Coma Grade of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Intervention	participants (Number)
	0 days	1 day	2 days	3 days	4 days	5 days	6 days	7 days	underwent LTx w/i 7 days of randomization	died w/o LTx w/i 7 days of randomization
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	29	3	3	2	1	4	5	9	28	8
Placebo	34	4	4	0	3	3	3	14	22	5

West Haven Criteria for hepatic encephalopathy (Grade 0 - IV ) is used for participants > 3 year of age. Coma grade IV indicates a participant who is comatose , with no reflexes, is decerebrate and has abnormal EEG changes with very slow delta activity. For participants less than 3 years the Whittington Scale was used. The Whittington scale does not use EEG changes and has only 3 levels, early (grades I and II), Mid (III) with somnolence, stupor, combativeness and Late (IV) for participants who are comatose with absent reflexes and decerebrate or decorticate posturing. (NCT00248625)
Timeframe: Within 7 days of randomization

Article	Year
Therapeutic Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Review. Drug safety, 2022, Volume: 45, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Carnitine; Chemical and D	2022
Role of N-acetylcysteine in liver injury due to dengue fever. Tropical doctor, 2023, Volume: 53, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Dengue; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute	2023
Acute liver failure in low-income and middle-income countries. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2023, Volume: 8, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Child; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantat	2023
Pathophysiology of Acute Liver Failure. Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2020, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdose; Fema	2020
Pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute liver failure: A case report and systematic review of the literature. Journal of critical care, 2020, Volume: 56 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antifungal Agents; Brain; Drug Overdose; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Live	2020
Novel Therapeutic Approaches Against Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury and Acute Liver Failure. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2020, 04-01, Volume: 174, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disease Mo	2020
Increased risk of acute liver failure by pain killer drugs in NAFLD: Focus on nuclear receptors and their coactivators. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2021, Volume: 53, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Liver Fa	2021
Novel strategies for the treatment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2020, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Animals; Antidotes; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Over	2020
[Research progress on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen]. Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology, 2021, Mar-20, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdose; Huma	2021
Liver transplantation for drug-induced acute liver failure. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2017, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Suppl Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Liver Failu	2017
Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity-Isn't it time for APAP to go away? Journal of hepatology, 2017, Volume: 67, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdose; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute;	2017
Co-ingestion of aspirin and acetaminophen promoting fulminant liver failure: A critical review of Reye syndrome in the current perspective at the dawn of the 21st century. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2018, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Aspirin; Child; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Liver Failure,	2018
Systematic review: non A-E, seronegative or indeterminate hepatitis; what is this deadly disease? Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2018, Volume: 47, Issue:8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Autoimmune Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver	2018
Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 02-23, Volume: 2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antidotes; Charcoal; Cysteamine; Dimercapro	2018
Classification and Epidemiologic Aspects of Acute Liver Failure. Clinics in liver disease, 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Liver Failur	2018
Acetaminophen (APAP or N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol) and Acute Liver Failure. Clinics in liver disease, 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Biomarkers; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation	2018
Modern Management of Acute Liver Failure. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 2018, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Brain Diseases; Free Radical	2018
Beyond KCH selection and options in acute liver failure. Hepatology international, 2018, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Algorithms; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Internet; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver T	2018
Acute liver failure: A review for emergency physicians. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2019, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Emergency Service, Hospital; Hepatic Encephal	2019
DAMPs and sterile inflammation in drug hepatotoxicity. Hepatology international, 2019, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Alarmins; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Biomarkers; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injur	2019
Acute Liver Failure. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2018, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Critical Care; Drug Overdose; Hepatitis, Auto	2018
Liver Regeneration after Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. The American journal of pathology, 2019, Volume: 189, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdose; Huma	2019
[Severe toxic acute liver failure: etiology and treatment]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2013, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Infective Agents; Blood Coagulation Disorde	2013
Intravenous acetylcysteine for indications other than acetaminophen overdose. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2013, Sep-01, Volume: 70, Issue:17 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Administration, Intravenous; Animals; Antidotes; Drug Overdose; Hepat	2013
[Acute liver failure]. Praxis, 2013, Oct-02, Volume: 102, Issue:20 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Factor V; Femal	2013
Acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity. Clinics in liver disease, 2013, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antipyretics; Chemical and Drug Induced Liv	2013
Update in intensive care medicine: acute liver failure. Initial management, supportive treatment and who to transplant. Current opinion in critical care, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antiviral Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Critical Care; Female; Hepa	2014
Ethical dilemmas in psychiatric evaluations in patients with fulminant liver failure. Current opinion in organ transplantation, 2014, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Liver Failure,	2014
Mechanistic biomarkers in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure: from preclinical models to patients. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2014, Volume: 10, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disease Model	2014
New problems arising from old drugs: second-generation effects of acetaminophen. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Asthma; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Ch	2014
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: an updated review. Archives of toxicology, 2015, Volume: 89, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation	2015
Update on acute liver failure. Current opinion in critical care, 2015, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Critical Care; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Intracranial H	2015
Efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in "non-acetaminophen" acute liver failure: A meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology, 2015, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Free Radical Scavenge	2015
Current management of acute liver failure. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Critical Care; Drug Overdose; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intracranial Hypertensi	2015
Acetaminophen: Dose-Dependent Drug Hepatotoxicity and Acute Liver Failure in Patients. Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2015, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Antidotes; Biomarkers; Cell Death;	2015
Liver Failure in Pregnancy. Critical care clinics, 2016, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Acetaminophen; Critical Care; Drug Overdose; Fatty Liver; Female; HELLP Syndr	2016
Experimental models of hepatotoxicity related to acute liver failure. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2016, Jan-01, Volume: 290 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Apoptosis; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Concanavalin A; Disease M	2016
The changing face of liver transplantation for acute liver failure: Assessment of current status and implications for future practice. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2016, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Con	2016
Role of the inflammasome in acetaminophen-induced liver injury and acute liver failure. Journal of hepatology, 2017, Volume: 66, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Inflammasomes; Liver Failure	2017
Acute liver failure including acetaminophen overdose. The Medical clinics of North America, 2008, Volume: 92, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug Overdose; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transpla	2008
Too toxic. Nursing management, 2008, Volume: 39, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antidotes; Drug Overdose; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Pat	2008
Drug-related hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio	2008
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adult; Drug Overdose; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions	2009
An overview of animal models for investigating the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in acute hepatic failure. World journal of gastroenterology, 2009, Jul-07, Volume: 15, Issue:25 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride; Disease Models, Animal; Galactosamine; Hepatectomy; Hu	2009
Successful management of necrotizing pancreatitis by percutaneous necrosectomy after orthotopic liver transplant for paracetamol induced acute liver failure: a case report. Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation, 2009, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Liver Failure, Acute; Li	2009
Review article: the current management of acute liver failure. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2010, Feb-01, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Liver Failure, Acute; Liv	2010
Systematic review: prognostic tests of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Liver F	2010
Meta-analysis of performance of Kings's College Hospital Criteria in prediction of outcome in non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Journal of hepatology, 2010, Volume: 53, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Clinical Protocols; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hospitals; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute;	2010
Acute liver failure. Lancet (London, England), 2010, Jul-17, Volume: 376, Issue:9736 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ammonia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Emergency	2010
Critical care management of patients before liver transplantation. Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.), 2010, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Brain Edema; Drug Overdose; End Stage Liver Disease; Hepatopulmonary	2010
[Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2010, Aug-26, Volume: 130, Issue:16 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Critical Care; Hepatorenal Syndrome; Humans; Liver F	2010
Hepatic encephalopathy: a central neuroinflammatory disorder? Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2011, Volume: 53, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Animals; Brain Edema; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypothermia, In	2011
[Drug-induced liver injury]. Recenti progressi in medicina, 2012, Volume: 103, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Algorithms; Amoxicillin; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anti-Bact	2012
Acute liver failure. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Brain Edema; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantat	2012
Recent developments in acute liver failure. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 2012, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Critical Care; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transpla	2012
Emergency ABO-incompatible liver transplant secondary to fulminant hepatic failure: outcome, role of TPE and review of the literature. Journal of clinical apheresis, 2012, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived	2012
A review of acetaminophen poisoning. Critical care clinics, 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antidotes; Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose	2012
[Severe paracetamol poisoning complicated with liver and renal failure--case report and review of literature]. Przeglad lekarski, 2012, Volume: 69, Issue:8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver	2012
Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS(®)) removal of piperacillin/tazobactam in a patient with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, D	2013
Re-use of a liver allograft; an exceptional opportunity to enlarge the organ donor pool. Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2003, Volume: 16, Issue:8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Male;	2003
Fulminant liver disease. Clinics in liver disease, 2003, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Liver Failure, Ac	2003
Acute liver failure in the United States. Seminars in liver disease, 2003, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Male; Outc	2003
Changing patterns of causation and the use of transplantation in the United kingdom. Seminars in liver disease, 2003, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Causality; Drug and Narcotic Control; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplanta	2003
[Paracetamol: therapeutic action, pathogenesis and treatment of acute poisonings complicated by severe liver damage]. Przeglad lekarski, 2003, Volume: 60, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzoquinones; Cyclooxygenase 1; Electron Tr	2003
Drug-induced acute liver failure. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2005, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Prognosis; Risk Factors	2005
Prediction of survival for patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2005, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; alpha-Fetoproteins; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosi	2005
Acute liver failure--current approach to treatment. The Medical journal of Malaysia, 2005, Volume: 60 Suppl B Topics: Acetaminophen; Brain Edema; Critical Care; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Liver Failure, Acute; Live	2005
Potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by phenytoin, leading to liver transplantation. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2005, Volume: 50, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anticonvulsants; Drug Synergism; Humans; Liver Failu	2005
Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2006, Apr-19, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antidotes; Charcoal; Drug Overdose; Gastric Lavage; Humans;	2006
Epidemiology of acute liver failure. Current gastroenterology reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse React	2007
The effect of hyperventilation upon cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Danish medical bulletin, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ammonia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulati	2007
Evidence for practice: education about the dangers of acetaminophen. Journal of emergency nursing, 2007, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Combinations; Drug Overdose; Fema	2007
Acetaminophen safety and hepatotoxicity--where do we go from here? Expert opinion on drug safety, 2007, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Liver Diseases; Liver Failur	2007
Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure? Pharmacotherapy, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Aspartate Aminotransferases; D	2007
[Fulminant hepatitis]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2007, Oct-28, Volume: 65 Suppl 8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Age	2007
Etiologies of acute liver failure. Current opinion in critical care, 2008, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroi	2008
Etiologies of acute liver failure. Seminars in liver disease, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Budd-Chiari Syndrome; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse	2008
Acute liver failure in children. Seminars in liver disease, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Drug-Related Side Effects a	2008
Acute liver failure due to drugs. Seminars in liver disease, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug Overdose; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reacti	2008
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Acute hepatic failure related to chronic acetaminophen intoxication. Pediatric emergency care, 1996, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug Overdose; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Infant; Liver	1996
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Paracetamol hepatotoxicity: how to prevent. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1997, Volume: 90, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Suicid	1997
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Acute hepatic failure: a Western perspective. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2000, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Antiviral Agents; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; He	2000
[About paracetamol again]. Orvosi hetilap, 2001, Feb-18, Volume: 142, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antidotes; Cimetidine; Drug Overdose; Human	2001
Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Progress in liver diseases, 1992, Volume: 10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Kidney; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation;	1992

acetaminophen and Acute Hepatic Failure

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (506)

Authors

Clinical Trials (21)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Acetaminophen Glucuronidation Partial Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

Acetaminophen Glucuronidation Partial Clearance Association With UGT2B15 Genotype

Acetaminophen Oxidation Partial Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

Acetaminophen Plasma Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

Acetaminophen Plasma Clearance Association With UGT2B15 Genotype

Acetaminophen Sulfation Partial Clearance Association With Race/Ethnicity

APAP Plasma Adduct Association With UGT2B15 Genotype

Change in Ammonia

Measurement of OCR-002 Plasma Concentration

Neurological Function Measured by the Orientation Log (O-log)

Neurological Function Measured by the West Haven Criteria (WHC) for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Number of Participants That do Not Tolerate the Administered Dose and Had Grade 3 or 4 Treatment Emergent Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability

Cumulative Percent Dose Recovery 20 (cPDR20) Value

Peak Percent Dose Recovery (PDR) Value

Peak Percent Dose Recovery (PDR) Value

The Proportion of Subjects Treated With Long-term Acetaminophen (4 g/Day) That Develops Persistent ALT Elevations.

The Proportion of Subjects With Detectable Serum Acetaminophen-cysteine Adduct (APAP-cys) Concentrations 1, 2, and 3 Days After Starting the Maximal Recommended Dosing of Acetaminophen (4 g/Day).

Cumulative Percent Incidence of Transplantation by 1 Year

Infectious Complication

Length of Hospital Stay

Spontaneous Recovery

Survival

Categorized Length of ICU Stay

Highest Coma Grade of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Number of Organ Systems Failing

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies