ursolic acid profile

Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound found in various fruits, herbs, and plants. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral properties. Research indicates that ursolic acid can modulate signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Furthermore, it has been shown to possess antioxidant effects, protecting cells from oxidative stress. The potential therapeutic applications of ursolic acid are currently under investigation, focusing on its use in treating various diseases. The compound is also being studied for its ability to promote wound healing and improve metabolic health.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	64945
CHEMBL ID	169
CHEBI ID	9908
SCHEMBL ID	70205
MeSH ID	M0047035

Synonym
MLS002207073
(3beta)-3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid
CHEBI:9908 ,
3beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid
MLS002154196
bdbm50148911
BRD-K68185022-001-02-3
urson
malol
prunol
nsc-4060
(+)-ursolic acid
PRESTWICK3_000089
BSPBIO_000018
AB00513802
ursolic acid ,
77-52-1
C08988
nsc-167406
(1s,2r,4as,6ar,6as,6br,8ar,10s,12ar,14bs)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picene-4a-carboxylic acid
MLS000728569
smr000445681
BPBIO1_000020
ai3-03109
ccris 7123
urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-
nsc 167406
urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)-
(3 beta)-3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid
einecs 201-034-0
nsc 4060
3beta-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid
ursolic acid, >=90%
AF479D19-631E-48F1-8ABA-FB2A806046FA
CHEMBL169 ,
micromerol
3beta-hydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid
U0065
LMPR0106180007
(1s,2r,4as,6as,6br,8ar,10s,12ar,12br,14bs)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
A839123
HMS2095A20
AKOS005228010
HMS2231P19
AKOS016023773
p3m2575f3f ,
unii-p3m2575f3f
hsdb 7685
(3.beta.)-3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid
ursolic acid [mi]
ursolic acid [hsdb]
ursolic acid [who-dd]
ursolic acid (constituent of holy basil leaf) [dsc]
ursolic acid [usp-rs]
ursolic acid [inci]
3beta-hydroxy-12-ursen-28-ic acid
CCG-208282
SCHEMBL70205
WCGUUGGRBIKTOS-GPOJBZKASA-N
CS-3799
n-ethylhydroxylaminehydrochloride
Q-201916
ursolic-acid
3b-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid
HY-N0140
6q5 ,
ursolic acid, analytical standard
sr-01000779684
SR-01000779684-5
SR-01000779684-4
ursolic acid, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
ursolic acid, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
(3beta)-3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate
(3beta)-3-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid
3.beta.-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid
3beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate
3beta-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oate
3.beta.-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oate
(3beta)-3-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oate
ursolic acid, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
(3beta,5beta,18alpha,20beta)-3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid
'(3beta,5beta,18alpha,20beta)-3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid'
DTXSID70883221
Q416260
DB15588
AS-35119
BRD-K68185022-001-14-8
(1s,2r,4as,6ar,6as,6br,8ar,10s,12ar,14bs)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picene-4a-carboxylicacid
ursolic acid (constituent of holy basil leaf)
ursolic acid (usp-rs)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with recognized anticancer properties. "	( Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel A-ring cleaved ursolic acid derivatives in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Ayres, M; Bartholomeusz, GA; Gandhi, V; Mendes, VIS; Salvador, JAR, 2016)	2.12
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is known for its benefits under several pathological conditions. "	( Mitigation of ILβ-1, ILβ-6, TNF-α, and markers of apoptosis by ursolic acid against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. Alshahrani, S; Tripathi, P, 2021)	2.3
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid phytochemical with a strong anticancer effect. "	( Triterpenoid ursolic acid drives metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming in treatment/prevention of human prostate cancer. Dina Kuo, HC; Kong, AN; Li, S; Sargsyan, D; Su, X; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Wu, R; Zheng, X, 2022)	2.53
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a potent plant-based hepatoprotective agent having poor bioavailability, which hampers its therapeutic efficacy. "	( Synergistic effect of ursolic acid and piperine in CCl Biswas, S; Haldar, PK; Kar, A; Mukherjee, PK; Sharma, N, 2021)	2.38
"Ursolic acid is a triterpene with known antibacterial action, being naturally found in plants, such as Jaracanda oxyphylla and Jacaranda caroba (Bignoniaceae)."	( Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Ursolic Acid Ester Derivatives. Duarte, LP; Pereira, NR; Pereira, RCG; Pereira, VV; Silva, RR; Takahashi, JA, 2022)	1.71
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural compound that shows anti-inflammatory actions. "	( Ursolic acid does not change the cytokine levels following resistance training in healthy men: A pilot balanced, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lobo, PCB; Pimentel, GD, 2022)	3.61
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid frequently found in medicinal herbs and plants, having numerous pharmacological effects. "	( Therapeutic Potential of Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases. Adnan, M; Ahmed, S; Alam, M; Ali, S; Elasbali, AM; Hassan, MI; Islam, A; Yadav, DK, 2021)	2.37
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in a number of plants such as apples, thyme, oregano, hawthorn and others. "	( Beneficial Effects of Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives-Focus on Potential Biochemical Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Conditions. Erdmann, J; Kujaciński, M; Wiciński, M, 2021)	2.38
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene widely distributed in fruits and plants. "	( A novel, differential mobility spectrometry tandem mass spectrometric method for the in vivo quantitation of ursolic acid. Fawcett, JP; Gu, J; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.38
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic terpenoid is usually found in the fruit peels and stem bark as secondary metabolites. "	( The possible role of ursolic acid in Covid-19: A real game changer. Al-Gareeb, AI; Al-Kuraishy, HM; El-Saber Batiha, G, 2022)	2.48
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with a wide range of anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and other pharmacological effects. "	( Ursolic acid represses influenza A virus-triggered inflammation and oxidative stress in A549 cells by modulating the miR-34c-5p/TLR5 axis. Feng, Z; Lan, Y; Li, C; Mei, X; Nong, Z; Wei, X; Zhai, Y; Zou, M, 2022)	3.61
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid compound widely found in plants."	( The Protective Effect of Ursolic Acid on Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Rats by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Signaling Pathway. An, N; Cai, S; Pei, J; Peng, J; Wang, D; Wang, W; Wu, M; Zhan, X, 2022)	1.75
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpenoid possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects."	( PTEN-knockout regulates metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming in prostate cancer and chemoprevention by triterpenoid ursolic acid. Chou, P; Kong, AT; Sarwar, MS; Su, X; Wang, C; Wang, L; Wang, Y, 2022)	1.65
"Ursolic acid is a polyphenol found in high concentrations in cranberries and other fruits and has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties."	( Evidence of the Beneficial Effects of Ursolic Acid against Lung Cancer. Kornel, A; Nadile, M; Tsiani, E, 2022)	1.71
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid which produces various effects, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. "	( The effectiveness of ursolic acid niosomes with chitosan coating for prevention of liver damage in mice induced by n-nitrosodiethylamine. Cahyani, DM; Faradisa, AA; Hariawan, BS; Hendradi, E; Jauhari, AA; Miatmoko, A; Plumeriastuti, H; Sari, R, 2022)	2.48
"Ursolic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene with a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic effects."	( Ursolic Acid Impairs Cellular Lipid Homeostasis and Lysosomal Membrane Integrity in Breast Carcinoma Cells. Balnytė, K; Corcelle-Termeau, E; Dinant, C; Fogde, DL; Holland, LKK; Jäättelä, M; Maeda, K; Pereira-Wilson, C; Stahl-Meyer, K; Xavier, CPR, 2022)	2.89
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from a large variety of vegetables, fruits and many traditional medicinal plants. "	( Ursolic Acid Analogs as Potential Therapeutics for Cancer. Lokeshwar, BL; Panda, SS; Thangaraju, M, 2022)	3.61
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that has been found in a broad variety of fruits, spices, and medicinal plants."	( Ursolic Acid Suppresses Colorectal Cancer by Down-Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Activity. Lei, J; Liang, Y; Liu, M; Ming, T; Peng, Y; Ren, S; Tang, S; Tao, Q; Wang, M; Xu, H; Yang, H; Zhao, H, 2023)	3.07
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid compound found in natural plants. "	( Ursolic acid ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in mice by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Guo, H; Guo, X; Jiao, X; Li, Q; Li, X; Qi, C; Wan, B; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Yan, J; Zhang, H; Zhao, M, 2023)	3.8
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid that exhibits extensive pre-systemic metabolism from in vitro studies. "	( Analysis of a major metabolite of ursolic acid- Ursolic acid sulfate, and its quantitative determination on LC/MS in human liver homogenate. Gerk, PM; Zhan, R, 2023)	2.63
"Ursolic acid is a powerful drug that possesses many therapeutic properties, such as hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antiulcer, and anticancer activity. "	( Combinatorial drug-loaded quality by design adapted transliposome gel formulation for dermal delivery: In vitro and dermatokinetic study. Gupta, DK; Kamal, M; Khan, N; Qadir, A; Ullah, SNMN; Warsi, MH, 2023)	2.35
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, which exhibits many biological activities, particularly in anti-cardiovascular and anti-diabetes. "	( Recent progress in the development of ursolic acid derivatives as anti-diabetes and anti-cardiovascular agents. Dai, Y; Hu, Y; Lin, J; Liu, S; Mi, P; Sun, L; Tan, Y; Xu, W; Yao, X; Zheng, X; Zhou, J, 2023)	2.62
"Ursolic Acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid which is extracted from plants. "	( Synergism Effects of Ursolic Acid Supplementation on the Levels of Irisin, C-reactive Protein, IL-6, and TNF-α During High-intensity Resistance Training in Low Activity Men. Asghari, E; Farkhondeh, T; Hosseini, SRA; Moazzami, M; Rashidlamir, A; Samarghandian, S, 2020)	2.32
"Ursolic acid is a plant extract that can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia effectively."	( Inhibition of glycosidase by ursolic acid: in vitro, in vivo and in silico study. Liu, D; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, J; Yan, Y; Zhao, J, 2020)	1.57
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-fibrotic effects, but the molecular mechanism underlying these effects is still unclear."	( Ursolic acid reverses liver fibrosis by inhibiting interactive NOX4/ROS and RhoA/ROCK1 signalling pathways. Huang, C; Liu, C; Luo, F; Luo, Q; Wan, S; Zhu, X, 2020)	2.72
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid acid widely abundant in fruits and vegetables such as apple, blueberry and cranberry. "	( Ursolic acid alleviates hypercholesterolemia and modulates the gut microbiota in hamsters. Chen, ZY; Hao, W; He, WS; He, Z; Kwek, E; Liu, J; Ma, KY; Zhao, Y; Zhu, H, 2020)	3.44
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and has the characteristics to serve as a potential therapeutic agent for a range of disorders. "	( 15-Day subchronic developmental toxicity studies of ursolic acid in rats. Geerlofs, L; He, Z; Xiao, S; Xiao, ZC, 2020)	2.25
"Ursolic Acid (UA) is a well-known bioactive compound found in various medicinal plants, widely studied for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities."	( Neuroprotection of Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism by Ursolic Acid in PD Mouse Model. Birla, H; Dilnashin, H; Keswani, C; Rai, SN; Rathore, AS; Singh, R; Singh, RK; Singh, SP; Singh, SS; Zahra, W, 2020)	1.53
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpenoid which possesses anti-cancer activity. "	( Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy revealed apoptosis-induced biomolecular changes of cholangiocarcinoma cells treated with ursolic acid. Chio-Srichan, S; Loilome, W; Maphanao, P; Sakonsinsiri, C; Thanan, R; Wongwattanakul, M, 2020)	2.21
"Ursolic acid is a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from medicinal plants, fruit, and vegetables. "	( Ursolic Acid-Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents: An Update. Aderibigbe, BA; Khwaza, V; Oyedeji, OO, 2020)	3.44
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound existing in various traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and it possesses diverse pharmacological actions and some undesirable adverse effects, even toxicological activities. "	( Ursolic acid: A systematic review of its pharmacology, toxicity and rethink on its pharmacokinetics based on PK-PD model. Chen, L; He, M; Sun, Q; Xu, H; Zeng, S; Zhang, M; Zhou, L, 2020)	3.44
"Ursolic acid (UA) is an active ingredient existed in a variety of foods and nature plants and owns plenty of pharmacological effects especially in treating metabolic disease."	( Targeting autophagy by natural product Ursolic acid for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Feng, H; Han, Y; Zhang, W; Zhao, W; Zheng, H, 2020)	1.55
"Ursolic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with multiple bioactivities."	( Ursolic acid alleviates heat stress-induced lung injury by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in mice. Kim, IH; Li, C; Liu, N; Wang, M; Wu, Z; Yang, Y; Zhou, X, 2021)	2.79
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpene that has been investigated for its antitumor activity. "	( Chitosan modified poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles increased the ursolic acid oral bioavailability. Antonio, E; da Silva Santos, J; Diedrich, C; Dos Reis Antunes Junior, O; Khalil, NM; Machado, CS; Mainardes, RM; Marcano, RGDJV, 2021)	2.3
"Ursolic acid (UA) is an anti-cancer herbal compound. "	( Ursolic acid induces apoptosis and anoikis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells. An, HM; Chen, JF; Chen, L; Hu, B; Peng, X; Shen, KP; Wang, SS; Zheng, JL, 2021)	3.51
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural product with pharmacological and biological activities."	( Ursolic Acid Regulates Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Cell Infiltration to Prevent Ulcerative Colitis. Chai, K; Chen, G; Li, F; Li, J; Li, M; Li, Q; Lu, Y; Sheng, Q; Wang, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, naturally produced in plants via specialized metabolism and exhibits vast range of remarkable physiological activities and pharmacological manifestations. "	( Advances in production and structural derivatization of the promising molecule ursolic acid. Ahmad, N; Li, C; Liu, HR; Lv, B, 2021)	2.29
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory triterpenoid possessing various biological properties such as immune regulation, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic."	( Ursolic acid inhibits FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation. Choi, YA; Dhakal, H; Khang, D; Kim, MJ; Kim, N; Kim, SH; Kwon, TK; Lee, S, 2021)	2.79
"Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker."	( Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia connivens on macrophages stimulated by LPS. González-Chávez, MM; Pérez-González, C; Pérez-Gutiérrez, S; Ramos-Velázquez, CS; Sánchez-Mendoza, E; Serrano-Vega, R, 2017)	1.18
"Ursolic acid is a key active compound present in many medicinal herbs that have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the clinical treatment of various cancers. "	( Comparative proteomics-network analysis of proteins responsible for ursolic acid-induced cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells. Cai, Q; Chen, D; Lin, J; Peng, J; Wang, L; Zhang, L, 2017)	2.13
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a major pentacyclic triterpenoid in plants, vegetables and fruits, which has been reported to have a potential anti-diabetic activity. "	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ursolic acid analogues as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. Chen, HS; Cui, XP; Jiang, ZY; Mai, YY; Ouyang, Z; Wu, PP; Yang, Y; Zhang, BJ; Zhang, K; Zhao, SQ; Zheng, J; Zhong, YY; Zhou, ZH, 2017)	2.16
"Ursolic acid is a well-known pentacyclic triterpenoid that is similar to betulinic acid."	( Ursolic acid activates the TGR5 receptor to enhance GLP-1 secretion in type 1-like diabetic rats. Cheng, JT; Cheng, KC; Li, Y; Lo, SH; Niu, CS; Niu, HS, 2017)	2.62
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclicterpenoid carboxylic acid that is present in a wide variety of plant foods. "	( Ursolic Acid, a Natural Nutraceutical Agent, Targets Caspase3 and Alleviates Inflammation-Associated Downstream Signal Transduction. Bai, G; Hou, Y; Ma, X; Nie, Q; Shen, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 2017)	3.34
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid which is a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic approaches and for the prevention and treatment of several diseases owing to its pharmacological importance. "	( Characteristics, Biological Properties and Analytical Methods of Ursolic Acid: A Review. Chorilli, M; de Araújo, PR; Fernandes, MA; Pironi, AM; Salgado, HRN, 2018)	2.16
"Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in several plants. "	( Therapeutic Potential of Ursolic Acid to Manage Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases. Kaster, MP; Pazini, FL; Ramos-Hryb, AB; Rodrigues, ALS, 2017)	2.2
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene that has various biological activities, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. "	( Ursolic Acid Causes Cell Death in PC-12 Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Impairing Autophagy. Jung, J; Kim, J; Kim, JH; Seo, J, 2018)	3.37
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits; update information on the major natural sources or agro-industrial wastes is presented. "	( Recent developments on the extraction and application of ursolic acid. A review. Domínguez, H; Falqué, E; González-Muñoz, MJ; López-Hortas, L; Pérez-Larrán, P, 2018)	2.17
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a plant derived compound which is also a component of the standard human diet. "	( Assessment of the Anticonvulsant Potency of Ursolic Acid in Seizure Threshold Tests in Mice. Nieoczym, D; Socała, K; Wlaź, P, 2018)	2.18
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a promising molecule with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and potential anti-arthritic activity."	( Ursolic acid rich Ocimum sanctum L leaf extract loaded nanostructured lipid carriers ameliorate adjuvant induced arthritis in rats by inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1: Pharmacological and docking studies. Abuzinadah, MF; Ahmad, A; Alkreathy, HM; Banaganapalli, B; Mujeeb, M, 2018)	3.37
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a food-plant-derived natural product which has good anticancer activities and low toxicity. "	( Carrier-Free, Pure Nanodrug Formed by the Self-Assembly of an Anticancer Drug for Cancer Immune Therapy. Fan, L; Guo, Y; Shao, JW; Shen, Z; Xu, A; Yao, H; Zhang, B; Zhao, R, 2018)	1.92
"Ursolic acid (UA), is a kind of triterpene acid that exhibits wide biological properties. "	( Ursolic Acid-Induced Apoptosis via Regulation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Huh-7 Cells. Chen, YL; Chuang, WL; Lee, KC; Lin, PY, 2018)	3.37
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid isolated from Chinese herbal medicine. "	( Ursolic acid alleviates inflammation and against diabetes‑induced nephropathy through TLR4‑mediated inflammatory pathway. Li, J; Li, N; Liu, M; Lu, Y; Shao, Y; Sun, B; Yan, S, 2018)	3.37
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a plant triterpenoid with many beneficial effects; however, the mechanism of its action on LXRα remains elusive."	( Ursolic Acid, a Novel Liver X Receptor α (LXRα) Antagonist Inhibiting Ligand-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Drug-Induced Lipogenesis. Chang, HY; Chen, CJ; Cheng, WK; Chu, FY; Hsu, YA; Lim, YP; Lin, YN; Ma, WC; Wan, L; Wang, CCN, 2018)	2.64
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid exhibiting potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiobesity activity and counteracting age-related deficits in muscle strength."	( Dietary ursolic acid improves health span and life span in male Drosophila melanogaster. Busch, H; Derer, S; Graspeuntner, S; Ipharraguerre, IR; Kahns, AK; Künstner, A; Lüersen, K; Meyer, T; Rimbach, G; Rupp, J; Sina, C; Staats, S; Wagner, AE, 2019)	1.67
"Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid common in plants and exhibits anti-carcinogenic activity. "	( Ursolic acid promotes the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bao, L; Guo, JL; Han, T; Li, XM; Ma, JQ; Tang, LP, 2019)	3.4
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpene compound found in various fruits and vegetables. "	( Ursolic acid: Pharmacokinetics process in vitro and in vivo, a mini review. Jinhua, W, 2019)	3.4
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene of the ursane type. "	( Ursolic acid: An overview on its cytotoxic activities against breast and colorectal cancer cells. Chan, EWC; Hui, YW; Soon, CY; Tan, JBL; Wong, SK, 2019)	3.4
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene which is found in common herbs and medicinal plants that are reputed for a variety of pharmacological effects. "	( Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Ursolic Acid: Addressing Brain Injury, Cerebral Ischemia, Cognition Deficit, Anxiety, and Depression. Habtemariam, S, 2019)	2.19
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpenoid enriched in blueberries and herbal medicinal products, and possess anticancer activities."	( DNA methylome and transcriptome alterations and cancer prevention by triterpenoid ursolic acid in UVB-induced skin tumor in mice. Cheng, D; Hudlikar, R; Kong, AN; Kuo, HC; Li, S; Lu, Y; Ramirez, CN; Sargsyan, D; Wang, C; Wang, L; Wu, R; Yang, Y; Yin, R, 2019)	1.46
"Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with antiviral activity, which has been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo."	( Ursolic acid: A novel antiviral compound inhibiting rotavirus infection in vitro. Colombo, MI; Delgui, LR; Giménez, MC; Peralta, A; Tohmé, MJ, 2019)	2.68
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a major active compound present in many medicinal herbs that have long been used for the clinical treatment of CRC."	( Ursolic acid promotes colorectal cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation via modulation of multiple signaling pathways. Chen, Y; Hong, Z; Lin, J; Peng, J; Sferra, TJ; Shen, A; Wei, L, 2013)	2.55
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid compound with multiple biological functions. "	( Ursolic acid inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through LKB1/AMPK pathway. He, Y; Li, Y; Sun, C; Wang, Y; Zhao, T, 2013)	3.28
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpene found in different plant species that has been shown to possess significant antitumor activity."	( Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and cell viability evaluation of long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing ursolic acid. Braga, FC; Caldeira de Araújo Lopes, S; Cristina Oliveira, M; Ferreira, LA; Honorato-Sampaio, K; Salviano Teixeira, C; Tadeu Pereira, M; Vinícius Melo Novais, M, 2013)	1.31
"Ursolic acid (UA), which is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has the potential to be developed as an anticancer drug, whereas its poor aqueous solubility and dissolution rate limit its clinical application. "	( Development and characterisation of ursolic acid nanocrystals without stabiliser having improved dissolution rate and in vitro anticancer activity. Bi, C; Chan, H; Song, J; Song, Y; Wang, Y; Yan, R; Yang, X; Zheng, Y, 2014)	2.12
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a major active compound present in many medicinal herbs that have long been used in China for the clinical treatment of various types of cancer."	( Ursolic acid inhibits colorectal cancer angiogenesis through suppression of multiple signaling pathways. Chen, Y; Hong, Z; Lin, J; Peng, J; Sferra, TJ; Wei, L, 2013)	2.55
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene naturally occurring in many plant foods. "	( Ursolic acid inhibits tumor angiogenesis and induces apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathway in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor. Agrawal, SS; Alhaider, AA; Saraswati, S, 2013)	3.28
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a sort of pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid purified from natural plant. "	( Research progress of ursolic acid's anti-tumor actions. Fu, L; Lin, Y; Tang, ZY; Wang, J; Wu, BN; Zang, LL, 2014)	2.16
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid that exerts antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test (TST) and in the forced swimming test, and this effect was reported to be mediated by the dopaminergic system. "	( Serotonergic and noradrenergic systems are implicated in the antidepressant-like effect of ursolic acid in mice. Colla, AR; Cunha, MP; Manosso, LM; Oliveira, A; Pazini, FL; Rodrigues, AL; Rosa, JM, 2014)	2.07
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that naturally occurs in fruits, leaves and flowers of medicinal herbs. "	( Effects of ursolic acid on glucose metabolism, the polyol pathway and dyslipidemia in non-obese type 2 diabetic mice. Cho, HW; Kim, MJ; Lee, HI; Lee, J; Lee, MK; Park, EM; Seo, KI, 2014)	2.23
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in most plant species, which has been shown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. "	( Ursolic acid ameliorates autoimmune arthritis via suppression of Th17 and B cell differentiation. Baek, SY; Cho, ML; Kwok, SK; Lee, DG; Lee, J; Park, MK; Park, SH, 2014)	3.29
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpene found in different plant species that has been shown to possess significant antitumor activity. "	( Ursolic acid incorporation does not prevent the formation of a non-lamellar phase in pH-sensitive and long-circulating liposomes. Braga, FC; Ferreira, DS; Lopes, SC; Magalhães-Paniago, R; Malachias, Â; Novais, MV; Oliveira, MC, 2014)	3.29
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally bioactive product that exhibits potential anticancer effects. "	( Synergism of ursolic acid derivative US597 with 2-deoxy-D-glucose to preferentially induce tumor cell death by dual-targeting of apoptosis and glycolysis. Chen, J; Dai, Y; Jia, L; Jiang, Z; Li, Y; Lin, L; Lu, Y; Ou, M; Shao, J; Wang, J; Xiang, L; Yang, X, 2014)	2.21
"Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that possesses several biological and neuropharmacological effects including antidepressant-like activity. "	( Anxiolytic-like effects of ursolic acid in mice. Colla, AR; Cunha, MP; Rodrigues, AL; Rosa, JM, 2015)	2.16
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, especially inhibiting IL-17."	( Low and high doses of ursolic acid ameliorate experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis through different pathways. Duan, RS; Li, H; Li, XL; Wang, CC; Wang, S; Xu, H; Yue, LT; Zhang, M; Zhang, XX, 2015)	1.45
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, which is enriched with many herbs and plants, such as apple, cranberry and olive. "	( Ursolic acid inhibits the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Li, JS; Sun, Y; Wang, WJ; Zhang, YH; Zheng, L, 2015)	3.3
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid compound with multifold biological functions. "	( Ursolic acid increases energy expenditure through enhancing free fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation via an UCP3/AMPK-dependent pathway in skeletal muscle. Chu, X; Guo, F; He, X; Li, C; Li, S; Li, Y; Na, L; Shi, Z; Sun, C, 2015)	3.3
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a lipophilic compound, which highly found in apple peels. "	( Ursolic acid ameliorates aging-metabolic phenotype through promoting of skeletal muscle rejuvenation. Bakhtiari, N; Hemmati, R; Hosseinkhani, S; Tashakor, A, 2015)	3.3
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural product which has been shown to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, in particular those with anticancer activity. "	( Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Ursolic acid Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Prodrugs. Chen, Y; Jiang, W; Li, Y; Ou, M; Shao, J; Wang, L; Wu, F; Wu, Q; Xu, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, YJ; Zheng, Q; Zou, W, 2015)	2.12
"Ursolic acid is a lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenoid found in many fruits and herbs and is used in several herbal folk medicines for diabetes. "	( Apple Pomace Extract Improves Endurance in Exercise Performance by Increasing Strength and Weight of Skeletal Muscle. Ahn, YT; Choi, ID; Huh, CS; Jeong, JW; Jeung, W; Kim, SH; Kim, TY; Ku, HK; Lee, DE; Lee, JH; Lee, KW; Ra, J; Shim, JJ; Sim, JH, 2015)	1.86
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with various pharmacological activities, but the molecular targets and underlying mechanisms for its antifibrotic effect in the liver remain elusive."	( A bioinformatic and mechanistic study elicits the antifibrotic effect of ursolic acid through the attenuation of oxidative stress with the involvement of ERK, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in human hepatic stellate cells and rat liver. He, W; Li, B; Ouyang, C; Shi, F; Zhang, K; Zhang, X; Zhou, SF; Zhou, ZW; Zhu, X, 2015)	1.37
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally bioactive compound that possesses potential anti-diabetic activity. "	( Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Triterpene Analogues of Ursolic Acid as Potential Antidiabetic Agent. Cheng, A; Hu, Q; Huang, T; Jiang, Z; Jiao, L; Li, D; Wu, P; Zhang, K; Zhao, S; Zheng, J, 2015)	2.1
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural terpene compound exhibiting many pharmaceutical properties. "	( Ursolic Acid--A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid with a Wide Spectrum of Pharmacological Activities. Marszałek, K; Skąpska, S; Woźniak, Ł, 2015)	3.3
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid compound, which exerts its influences on the skeletal muscles. "	( Short-term ursolic acid promotes skeletal muscle rejuvenation through enhancing of SIRT1 expression and satellite cells proliferation. Bakhtiari, N; Hemmati, R; Hosseinkhani, S; Javan, M; Noori-Zadeh, A; Soleimani, M; Tashakor, A, 2016)	2.27
"Ursolic acid appears to be a potent modulator of BCRP that affects the pharmacokinetic of rosuvastatin in vivo and inhibits the transport of rosuvastatin in vitro."	( Effect of Ursolic Acid on Breast Cancer Resistance Protein-mediated Transport of Rosuvastatin In Vivo and Vitro. Lu, YN; Peng, HW; Sheng, XY; Wei, XH; Wen, JH; Zhou, DQ; Zhou, J, 2015)	2.26
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid that is present in a wide variety of medicinal herbs and edible plants. "	( The Apoptotic Effect of Ursolic Acid on SK-Hep-1 Cells is Regulated by the PI3K/Akt, p38 and JNK MAPK Signaling Pathways. Chen, YL; Chuang, WL; Lin, HC; Lin, PY, 2016)	2.18
"Ursolic acid is a naturally synthesized pentacyclic triterpenoid, widely distributed in different fruits and vegetables."	( Ursolic acid, a potential anticancer compound for breast cancer therapy. Li, T; Liu, RH; Tian, JX; Xi, P; Yin, R, 2018)	2.64
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural product which exists in various medicinal herbs and fruits, exhibiting multiple biological effects such as its outstanding anticancer and hepatoprotective activity, which has drawn many pharmacists' attention."	( Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and mechanism of chemopreventive compounds: ursolic acid derivatives. Chen, H; Huang, Q; Li, X; Ren, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Z; Zeng, P; Zheng, X, 2016)	1.38
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a promising natural compound for cancer prevention and therapy. "	( Ursolic acid-mediated apoptosis of K562 cells involves Stat5/Akt pathway inhibition through the induction of Gfi-1. Jiang, J; Lin, Z; Liu, XS, 2016)	3.32
"Ursolic acid is a naturally occurring terpene that has shown a good trypanocidal action."	( Development and Evaluation of a Nanoemulsion Containing Ursolic Acid: a Promising Trypanocidal Agent : Nanoemulsion with Ursolic Acid Against T. cruzi. Carneiro, ZA; de Albuquerque, S; Marchetti, JM; Vargas de Oliveira, EC, 2017)	1.42
"Ursolic acid is a naturally derived pentacyclic triterpene acid, exhibiting broad anticancer effects."	( Ursolic acid nanoparticles inhibit cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo via apoptosis induction. Dong, Y; Meng, X; Wang, S, 2017)	2.62
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a poor soluble natural triterpenoid. "	( Preparation and body distribution of freeze-dried powder of ursolic acid phospholipid nanoparticles. Hu, XM; Wan, J; Yi, YM; Zhou, XJ, 2009)	2.04
"Ursolic acid is a very important compound due to its biological potential as an anti-inflammatory, trypanocidal, antirheumatic, antiviral, antioxidant and antitumoral agent. "	( Variation of ursolic acid content in eight Ocimum species from northeastern Brazil. Albuquerque, IL; dos Santos, RN; Mendes, FN; Morais, SM; Silva, FO; Silva, MG; Vieira, IG, 2008)	2.16
"Ursolic acid is a natural triterpenoid widely found in food, medicinal herbs, apple peel and other products it has been extensively studied for its anticancer and antioxidant properties."	( Ursolic acid attenuates oxidative stress-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma induction by diethylnitrosamine in male Wistar rats. Gayathri, R; Gunassekaran, GR; Priya, DK; Sakthisekaran, D, 2009)	2.52
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenic acid with many biological functions naturally existing in many kinds of food. "	( Ursolic acid stimulates lipolysis in primary-cultured rat adipocytes. Kang, Z; Kong, T; Li, S; Li, Y; Liu, X; Sun, C, 2010)	3.25
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a ubiquitous molecule in the plant kingdom with specific anticancer effects that have been shown in vitro and in vivo. "	( Ursolic acid induces human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 apoptosis via p53-dependent pathway. Chou, WH; Gu, ZL; Kwok, CY; Liang, ZQ; Qin, ZH; Yin, JL; Yu, YX, 2010)	3.25
"Ursolic acid is a hydroxy pentacyclic triterpene, which proved to have sedation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer and anti-cancer activities. "	( Quantitation of ursolic acid in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic study. Liu, C; Si, D; Wei, G; Xia, Y, 2011)	2.16
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene naturally occurring in many plant foods. "	( Inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration by ursolic acid in human lung cancer cell lines. Huang, CY; Lin, CY; Tsai, CW; Yin, MC, 2011)	2.05
"Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid which has hepatoprotective and antihepatotoxic activities."	( Ursolic acid enhances mouse liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Jin, JL; Jin, NG; Jin, YR; Li, CH; Piao, XX, 2012)	3.26
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with promising cancer chemopreventive properties. "	( Autophagy-dependent EIF2AK3 activation compromises ursolic acid-induced apoptosis through upregulation of MCL1 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Dong, Y; Fan, L; Guo, X; Hu, H; Ye, M; Yin, S; Zhao, C, 2013)	2.08
"Ursolic acid is a promising anticancer agent. "	( A phase I pharmacokinetic study of ursolic acid nanoliposomes in healthy volunteers and patients with advanced solid tumors. Qian, Z; Wang, H; Yan, Z; Ying, G; Zhao, C; Zhu, Z, 2013)	2.11
"Ursolic acid is a hydroxy pentacyclic triterpene, which has a chemoprotective activity in human. "	( Development of LC-MS method for determination of ursolic acid: application to the analysis of ursolic acid in Staphylea holocarpa Hemsl. Abdel-Hamid, ME; Grancai, D; Hamza, H; Masterova, I; Novotny, L, 2003)	2.02
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene compound isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants and present in human diet. "	( Ursolic acid induces apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and cell cycle arrest in HaCat cells. Beneytout, JL; Delage, C; Duval, R; Harmand, PO; Jayat-Vignoles, C; Liagre, B; Simon, A, 2003)	3.2
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a plant component with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. "	( Ursolic acid inhibits proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in HT29 cells following activation of alkaline sphingomyelinase. Andersson, D; Duan, RD; Liu, JJ; Nilsson, A, )	3.02
"Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid with pleiotropic biological effects. "	( Effects of ursolic acid on different steps of the angiogenic process. Cárdenas, C; Medina, MA; Quesada, AR, 2004)	2.16
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene compound isolated from many types of medicinal plants and is present in human diet. "	( Proliferative inhibition, cell-cycle dysregulation, and induction of apoptosis by ursolic acid in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Hsu, YL; Kuo, PL; Lin, CC, 2004)	1.99
"Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid that exists in nature and is the major component of some traditional medicinal herbs. "	( Protective effect of ursolic acid on ethanol-mediated experimental liver damage in rats. Pugalendi, KV; Saravanan, R; Viswanathan, P, 2006)	2.1
"Ursolic acid was found to be an excellent inhibitor for the superoxides produced in the cellular system, while the same was inactive in the superoxide scavenging activity in cell-free system."	( Ursolic acid: a potent inhibitor of superoxides produced in the cellular system. Ali, MS; Choudhary, MI; Ibrahim, SA; Jalil, S, 2007)	2.5
"Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid reported to inhibit the invasion of cancer cells. "	( Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase family gene involvement in ursolic acid-induced human lung non-small carcinoma cell apoptosis. Chen, WH; Lai, MY; Lee, HZ; Leung, HW; Yang, WH, )	1.81
"Ursolic acid is a prototypical compound responsible for this effect of the plant."	( Ursolic acid from the Chinese herb danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza L.) upregulates eNOS and downregulates Nox4 expression in human endothelial cells. Bauer, R; Bollinger, L; Förstermann, U; Li, H; Steinkamp-Fenske, K; Völler, N; Xu, H; Yao, Y, 2007)	2.5
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Ursolic acid inhibits the formation of aberrant crypt foci and affects colonic sphingomyelin hydrolyzing enzymes in azoxymethane-treated rats. Andersson, D; Cheng, Y; Duan, RD, 2008)	3.23
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid naturally occurring in a number of foods and medicinal plants. "	( Induction of apoptosis and regulation of the MAPK pathway by ursolic acid in human leukemia K562 cells. Jiang, J; Liu, XS, 2007)	2.02
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound which exists widely in nature and is known to have a pleitropic biological activity profile. "	( Differential involvement of mitochondria during ursolic acid-induced apoptotic process in HaCaT and M4Beu cells. Cook-Moreau, J; Delage, C; Duval, RE; Harmand, PO; Jayat-Vignoles, C; Pinon, A; Simon, A, 2008)	2.04
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and has a broad range of biological effects. "	( Endogenous reverse transcriptase as a mediator of ursolic acid's anti-proliferative and differentiating effects in human cancer cell lines. Altieri, F; Bonaccorsi, I; Contartese, G; Galati, EM; Grillo, C; Oricchio, E; Sciamanna, I, 2008)	2.04
"Ursolic acid is a potent inhibitor of MCF-7 cell proliferation."	( MCF-7 cell cycle arrested at G1 through ursolic acid, and increased reduction of tetrazolium salts. Chulia, AJ; Delage, C; Es-Saady, D; Jayat-Vignoles, C; Simon, A, )	1.12
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound which occurs naturally in a large variety of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs and plants. "	( Ursolic acid triggers calcium-dependent apoptosis in human Daudi cells. Delage, C; Lauthier, F; Simon, A; Taillet, L; Trouillas, P, 2000)	3.19
"Ursolic acid was found to be an inhibitor of both potato tuber 5-lipoxygenase and soybean 15-lipoxygenase with IC50 values of 0.3 mM."	( Inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and HL60 leukemic cell proliferation by ursolic acid isolated from heather flowers (Calluna vulgaris). Chulia, AJ; Delage, C; Najid, A; Rigaud, M; Simon, A, 1992)	1.23

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"Ursolic acid has a protective effect on liver injury in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ by intraperitoneal ingector, and its mechanism may be associated with lowering blood glucose, regulating the lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress and enhancing the ability of anti-oxidation in liver."	( [Effects of ursolic acid on liver injury and its possible mechanism in diabetes mellitus mice]. Chen, SS; Qi, MY; Wang, XT, 2018)	2.3
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been proven to perform multiple biological activities, thereby having a broad application prospect in healthcare field."	( Regulation of decorin by ursolic acid protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Chen, Y; Huang, C; Liu, F; Zhao, L; Zheng, Y, 2021)	1.65
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been reported to possess several biological benefits, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, and neuroprotective functions. "	( Ursolic Acid Ameliorates the Injury of H9c2 Cells Caused by Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Through Mediating CXCL2/NF-κB Pathway. Bian, Z; Du, Y; Liu, H; Xu, F, 2022)	3.61
"Ursolic acid has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects; it reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improves anti-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)."	( Ursolic acid and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a new horizon and perspective. Al-Gareeb, AI; Al-Kuraishy, HM; Alexiou, A; Batiha, GE; Negm, WA, 2022)	2.89
"Ursolic Acid (UA) has been shown to have neuroprotective properties against brain damage, however, detailed mechanisms have not been fully disclosed."	( Ursolic acid ameliorates traumatic brain injury in mice by regulating microRNA-141-mediated PDCD4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cui, C; Shi, J; Xing, Z; Zhang, H; Zheng, J, 2023)	3.07
"Ursolic acid (UA) has potential in the treatment of allergic inflammation."	( Effects of Ursolic Acid on the Expression of Th1-Th2-related Cytokines in a Rat Model of Allergic Rhinitis After PM2.5 Exposure. Deng, C; Dong, W; Guo, Z; Han, Z; Sun, N; Wang, H; Zhang, R; Zhuang, G, 2020)	1.67
"Ursolic acid (UA) has many properties that can be beneficial to healthcare."	( Evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives with potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity. Jin, C; Jin, CM; Jin, LL; Liu, F; Wei, ZY; Zhang, LH, 2020)	1.64
"Ursolic acid (UA) has activities in immune regulation and anti-inflammatory."	( Ursolic Acid Alleviates Mucus Secretion and Tissue Remodeling in Rat Model of Allergic Rhinitis After PM2.5 Exposure. Deng, C; Dong, W; Duan, Y; Guo, Z; Han, Z; Sun, N; Wang, H; Zhang, R; Zhao, Q; Zhuang, G, 2021)	2.79
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been shown to suppress various tumor progression, however, its roles in Adriamycin resistance of human ovarian cancer (OC) cells are still unclear. "	( Ursolic acid reduces Adriamycin resistance of human ovarian cancer cells through promoting the HuR translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Gao, S; Li, W; Luo, L; Shi, W; Yin, Y, 2021)	3.51
"Ursolic acid (UA) has exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative drug effects."	( Ursolic acid ameliorates Nthy-ori 3-1 cells injury induced by IL-1β through limiting MALAT1/miR-206/PTGS1 ceRNA network and NF-κB signaling pathway. Jiang, J; Liao, L; Ming, D; Mou, L; Zhang, Y, 2021)	3.51
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been previously reported to have anti-cancer effects in multiple solid tumors."	( Ursolic acid derivative FZU-03,010 inhibits STAT3 and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in renal and breast cancer cells. Chen, C; Chen, H; Chen, X; Li, W; Liu, R; Nie, M; Tian, Y; Zhang, H, 2017)	2.62
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been recently used as a promising anti-tumor and cancer metastatic chemo-preventive agent due to its low toxicity and liver-protecting property. "	( A smart pH-responsive nano-carrier as a drug delivery system for the targeted delivery of ursolic acid: suppresses cancer growth and metastasis by modulating P53/MMP-9/PTEN/CD44 mediated multiple signaling pathways. Chen, S; Chen, X; Chi, T; Fan, L; Jia, L; Jiang, K; Li, T; Liu, Y; Shao, J; Zheng, G, 2017)	2.12
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been widely used as an inducer of apoptosis in diverse cancers."	( Inactivation of Beclin-1-dependent autophagy promotes ursolic acid-induced apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Cao, C; Chen, X; Guo, R; Jiang, J; Li, S; Lu, L; Wang, L; Wang, W, 2018)	1.45
"Ursolic acid has been previously reported to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in several cancers."	( Ursolic Acid Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in NSCLC by Targeting Integrin αVβ5/MMPs Signaling. Jiang, ZS; Ruan, JS; Sun, H; Wang, L; Wang, SM; Yang, L; Zhou, H, 2019)	2.68
"Ursolic acid has been shown to display antidepressant-like effects in mice through the modulation of monoaminergic systems. "	( Ursolic acid affords antidepressant-like effects in mice through the activation of PKA, PKC, CAMK-II and MEK1/2. Cunha, MP; Kaster, MP; Lieberknecht, V; Pazini, FL; Prediger, RDS; Ramos-Hryb, AB; Rodrigues, ALS, 2017)	3.34
"Ursolic acid has a protective effect on liver injury in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ by intraperitoneal ingector, and its mechanism may be associated with lowering blood glucose, regulating the lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress and enhancing the ability of anti-oxidation in liver."	( [Effects of ursolic acid on liver injury and its possible mechanism in diabetes mellitus mice]. Chen, SS; Qi, MY; Wang, XT, 2018)	2.3
"Ursolic acid has good hypouricemic activity and therefore has high potential to be used for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia-related diseases."	( Antihyperuricemic and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Tribulus arabicus and its isolated compound, ursolic acid: In vitro and in vivo investigation and docking simulations. Abu-Gharbieh, E; Almasri, IM; Bustanji, Y; Shehab, NG, 2018)	1.41
"Ursolic acid (UA) has various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anticancer."	( Ursolic acid downregulates thymic stromal lymphopoietin through the blockade of intracellular calcium/caspase‑1/NF‑κB signaling cascade in HMC‑1 cells. Han, NR; Jeong, HJ; Kim, HM; Lee, JS; Moon, PD, 2019)	2.68
"Ursolic acid has been shown to target multiple proinflammatory transcription factors, cell cycle proteins, growth factors, kinases, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes."	( Ursolic acid in cancer prevention and treatment: molecular targets, pharmacokinetics and clinical studies. Bishayee, A; Dai, X; Kumar, AP; Sethi, G; Shanmugam, MK; Tan, BK, 2013)	2.55
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been reported to possess anticancer activities. "	( Ursolic acid promotes cancer cell death by inducing Atg5-dependent autophagy. Du, D; Fan, D; Gu, H; Hao, Y; Hong, L; Kung, HF; Leng, S; Xie, S; Zhang, J; Zhu, X, 2013)	3.28
"Ursolic acid has recently been reported to increase both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion and mechanical dynamics in rabbit atria."	( Accentuation of ursolic acid on muscarinic receptor-induced ANP secretion in beating rabbit atria. Cho, KW; Choi, HR; Cui, HZ; Jin, SN; Kang, DG; Kim, HY; Lee, HS; Lee, YJ, 2014)	2.19
"Ursolic acid (UA), which has been used extensively as an antileukemic agent in traditional Chinese medicine, is safely edible if originating from food. "	( Crucial role of heme oxygenase-1 in the sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cell line Kasumi-1 to ursolic acid. Fang, Q; Hu, X; Li, Y; Ma, D; Sun, J; Wang, J; Wang, P; Zhang, Y; Zhou, S, 2014)	2.06
"Ursolic acid (UA) has immunomodulatory function and exhibits antimycobacterial activity."	( Ursolic Acid Activates Intracellular Killing Effect of Macrophages During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Jang, WS; Lee, BE; Nam, KW; Podder, B; Song, HY, 2015)	2.58
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been reported to have a protective effect in colitis. "	( Ursolic acid protects against ulcerative colitis via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in mice. Chai, F; Gao, L; Guo, L; Liu, B; Liu, S; Piao, X, 2016)	3.32
"Ursolic acid (UA) has proved to have broad-spectrum anti-tumor effects, but its poor water solubility and incompetent targeting property largely limit its clinical application and efficiency. "	( Folate-Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Ursolic Acid Confer Anti-Breast Cancer Activities in vitro and in vivo. Bai, H; Cai, J; Chen, ZW; Huang, L; Jiang, J; Jin, H; Li, L; Li, T; Pi, J; Shao, M; Wang, X; Yang, F; Yang, P; Zhu, H, 2016)	2.14
"Ursolic acid has been docked with monoamine oxidase isoforms: MAO-A and MAO-B, LeuT (homologue of SERT, NET, DAT) and Human C-terminal CAP1 using GRIP docking methodology."	( In Silico Studies Revealed Multiple Neurological Targets for the Antidepressant Molecule Ursolic Acid. Dubey, AK; Scotti, L; Singla, RK, 2017)	2.12
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been reported to exhibit multiple biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Ursolic acid suppresses leptin-induced cell proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Chang, WC; Chiang, SY; Lee, MF; Tsai, CC; Tzeng, YW; Yu, YM, 2017)	2.62
"Ursolic acid (UA) has demonstrated an anti-proliferative effect in various tumor types."	( Ursolic acid overcomes Bcl-2-mediated resistance to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells involving activation of JNK-induced Bcl-2 phosphorylation and degradation. Kong, CZ; Li, JY; Liu, XK; Sun, YH; Wang, LH; Xu, B; Xu, CL; Zhang, YX, 2010)	2.52
"Ursolic acid has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis, tumor promotion, and suppress angiogenesis."	( Induction of apoptotic cell death by ursolic acid through mitochondrial death pathway and extrinsic death receptor pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. Choi, HS; Choi, I; Kim, KH; Ko, SG; Seo, HS; Shin, YC, 2011)	1.36
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been extensively used as an anti-leukaemic agent in traditional Chinese medicine. "	( Ursolic acid induces apoptosis in human leukaemia cells and exhibits anti-leukaemic activity in nude mice through the PKB pathway. Budhraja, A; Chen, D; Chen, J; Cheng, S; Gao, N; Gao, Z; Huang, C; Li, P; Liu, EH; Liu, Q; Shi, X; Yang, Z; Zhang, Z, 2012)	3.26
"Ursolic acid (UA) has shown the anti-tumor properties against a number of human cancers both in vivo and in vitro, however, its effect in bladder cancer and the corresponding mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. "	( Ursolic acid-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation contributes to growth inhibition and apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Ai, X; Jin, FS; Yao, C; Zhang, GH; Zhang, T; Zheng, QY, 2012)	3.26
"Ursolic acid (UA) has been recently proposed as a potential candidate for the treatment of muscle wasting conditions because of its protein sparring/anabolic effects. "	( Ursolic acid directly promotes protein accretion in myotubes but does not affect myoblast proliferation. Figueiredo, VC; Nader, GA, 2012)	3.26
"Ursolic acid (UA) has antiinflammatory and anticancer effects on mammalian cells. "	( Ursolic acid inhibits acid sphingomyelinase in intestinal cells. Cheng, Y; Duan, RD; Zhang, P, 2013)	3.28
"Ursolic acid has obvious effect to inhibit periodontal pathogen."	( Extract and identify ingredient from Ligustrum Lucidum Ait and study its effect to periodontal pathogen. Bian, Z; Chen, Z; Fan, M; Nie, M; Wang, Q, 2002)	1.76

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"Ursolic acid appeared to inhibit resistin-induced atherosclerosis, suggesting that ursolic acid may play a protective role in obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases."	( Ursolic acid plays a protective role in obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases. Chan, HC; Chang, WC; Chiang, SY; Lee, MF; Lin, YT; Yu, YM, 2016)	2.6
"Ursolic acid can markedly inhibit HL-60 cells as well as induction of cells apoptosis."	( [Experimental study on apoptosis induced by ursolic acid isolated from asparagus in HL-60 cells]. Huang, J; Lu, S; Sun, Y, 1999)	2.01

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"Ursolic acid treated group rats reduced the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides."	( Anti-obesity and Anti-diabetic Effect of Ursolic Acid against Streptozotocin/High Fat Induced Obese in Diabetic Rats. Fang, C; Liu, Y; Tang, L; Tang, S; Xu, Y, 2022)	1.71
"The ursolic acid derivative treatment increased level of superoxide dismutase in mice with COPD."	( Preventive effect of ursolic acid derivative on particulate matter 2.5-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involves suppression of lung inflammation. Chen, H; Chen, J; Li, C; Tan, H; Yuan, W; Zhang, W, 2020)	1.36
"Ursolic acid (UA) treatment of SNG-2 cells, an endometrial cancer cell line, decreased cyclin D1, pERK1/2, FBXW8, and Cullin1 levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner."	( Effect of ursolic acid on MAPK in cyclin D1 signaling and RING-type E3 ligase (SCF E3s) in two endometrial cancer cell lines. Achiwa, Y; Hasegawa, K; Udagawa, Y, 2013)	1.51
"Ursolic acid treatment also resulted in a cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner."	( Ursolic acid induces Bax-dependent apoptosis through the caspase-3 pathway in endometrial cancer SNG-II cells. Achiwa, Y; Hasegawa, K; Komiya, T; Udagawa, Y, 2005)	2.49
"Ursolic acid treatment also resulted in a cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner."	( Molecular mechanism of ursolic acid induced apoptosis in poorly differentiated endometrial cancer HEC108 cells. Achiwa, Y; Hasegawa, K; Udagawa, Y, 2005)	1.36
"Ursolic acid-treated HeLa cells showed typical apoptosis characteristics in DNA fragmentation, DAPI staining, and FACS analysis."	( Antiproliferative and antiviral mechanisms of ursolic acid and dexamethasone in cervical carcinoma cell lines. Lee, KH; Lee, MJ; Park, JS; Um, SJ; Yim, EK, )	1.11
"Ursolic acid treatment moderately decreased PI3K levels in SNG-II cells."	( Regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways by ursolic acid in human endometrial cancer cells. Achiwa, Y; Hasegawa, K; Udagawa, Y, 2007)	1.27
"Treatment with Ursolic acid moderately but not significantly decreases the risk of fetal development defects relative to the GDM group."	( Therapeutic effect of ursolic acid on fetal development in pregnant rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway. Cai, X; Dai, S; Meng, X; Shi, Y; Yin, F; Yuan, C; Zhao, Z; Zhong, L, 2021)	1.28
"Pretreatment with ursolic acid (0.12 μM) increased the mitochondrial coupling efficiency of intact cells by 4.1 ± 1.1% relative to vehicle (p < 0.008) and attenuated the effect of curcumin when the two compounds were used in combination."	( Effects of curcumin and ursolic acid on the mitochondrial coupling efficiency and hydrogen peroxide emission of intact skeletal myoblasts. Hancock, CR; Harley, JS; Tueller, DJ, 2017)	1.09
"Pretreatment with ursolic acid significantly attenuated the isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist)-induced decrease in ANP secretion and increases in cAMP levels and atrial dynamics. "	( Accentuation of ursolic acid on muscarinic receptor-induced ANP secretion in beating rabbit atria. Cho, KW; Choi, HR; Cui, HZ; Jin, SN; Kang, DG; Kim, HY; Lee, HS; Lee, YJ, 2014)	1.08
"Treatment with ursolic acid + resveratrol during skin tumor promotion with TPA produced greater inhibition of tumor multiplicity and tumor size than with either agent alone."	( Effect of Combined Treatment with Ursolic Acid and Resveratrol on Skin Tumor Promotion by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate. Carbajal, S; Cho, J; DiGiovanni, J; Junco, J; Rho, O; Siegel, D; Slaga, TJ, 2015)	1.04
"Treatment with ursolic acid 30 min prior to UVB-exposure resulted in a significant decline of TBARS, LHP, % tail DNA and tail moment and increased % cell viability as ursolic acid concentration increased."	( Effect of ursolic acid, a triterpenoid antioxidant, on ultraviolet-B radiation-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Prasad, NR; Ramachandran, S, 2008)	1.09
"Treatment with ursolic acid increased the expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, CD-31 and I-CAM, upregulated angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF and FGF-2 and their receptors and caused increase in the ratio of PGE(2) to PGD(2)."	( Modulation of angiogenic factors by ursolic acid. Kiran, MS; Sameer Kumar, VB; Sudhakaran, PR; Viji, RI, 2008)	0.96
"Treatment with ursolic acid suppressed PMA-mediated induction of COX-2 protein and synthesis of prostaglandin E2."	( Ursolic acid inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 transcription in human mammary epithelial cells. Dannenberg, AJ; Michaluart, P; Sporn, MB; Subbaramaiah, K, 2000)	2.09
"Treatment with ursolic acid also significantly reversed the decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione levels in the liver, as the concentration of reduced glutathione was increased and the content of oxidized glutathione decreased in ursolic acid treated groups."	( Pharmacological modification of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by ursolic acid on tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats and primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Benedi, J; de las Heras, B; Martin-Aragón, S; Sanchez-Reus, MI, 2001)	0.89

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" Results concerning the LD50 assay and the biochemical parameters evaluated in the present study demonstrate that these substances can be safely used on an experimental basis."	( Trypanocidal activity and acute toxicity assessment of triterpene acids. Cunha, WR; de Albuquerque, S; Esperandim, VR; Ferreira, Dda S; Saraiva, J; Toldo, MP, 2010)	0.36
"5 up to 125 μM without any adverse effect."	( Protective effects of the key compounds isolated from Corni fructus against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Hong, SY; Jeong, WS; Jun, M, 2012)	0.38
" Other adverse events included grade 1 nausea, grade 2 abdominal distention, grade 1 microscopic hematuria, grade 2 elevated serum sodium, grade 1 vascular stimulation, and grade 1 skin rash."	( Evaluation of toxicity and single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous ursolic acid liposomes in healthy adult volunteers and patients with advanced solid tumors. Hao, XS; Qian, ZZ; Qiu, LH; Song, Z; Wang, HQ; Wang, P; Wang, XH; Zhang, HL; Zhao, J; Zhou, SY, 2013)	0.62
" No ≥grade 3 adverse events (NCI-CTC) were observed."	( A phase I trial to evaluate the multiple-dose safety and antitumor activity of ursolic acid liposomes in subjects with advanced solid tumors. Qian, Z; Song, Z; Wang, H; Wang, X; Zhang, H; Zhao, J; Zhou, S, 2015)	0.64
" Safety studies have shown apple pomace to be a safe livestock feed additive and to have pesticide concentrations within safety thresholds established for human consumption."	( A comprehensive analysis of the composition, health benefits, and safety of apple pomace. Gigliotti, JC; Ku, KM; Skinner, RC; Tou, JC, 2018)	0.48
" However, ototoxicity is a major side effect of CDDP, and there is an associated risk of irreversible hearing loss."	( Ursolic acid protects against cisplatin‑induced ototoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and TRPV1‑mediated Ca2+‑signaling. Bao, D; Di, Y; Lin, Y; Liu, S; Ma, T; Qu, D; Tian, Y; Wang, A; Wang, Y; Xu, T; Yu, L, 2020)	2
" Together, this study indicates that oral dosing with UA is safe for adult rats and their offspring and the no observed adverse effect level for UA is likely higher than 1000 mg/kg/day."	( 15-Day subchronic developmental toxicity studies of ursolic acid in rats. Geerlofs, L; He, Z; Xiao, S; Xiao, ZC, 2020)	0.81
"Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound existing in various traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and it possesses diverse pharmacological actions and some undesirable adverse effects, even toxicological activities."	( Ursolic acid: A systematic review of its pharmacology, toxicity and rethink on its pharmacokinetics based on PK-PD model. Chen, L; He, M; Sun, Q; Xu, H; Zeng, S; Zhang, M; Zhou, L, 2020)	3.44
" The underlying toxic targets and mechanism induced by TET remain unclear; there are no targeted detoxification strategies developed for TET-induced hepatotoxicity."	( Ursolic acid alleviates tetrandrine-induced hepatotoxicity by competitively binding to the substrate-binding site of glutathione S-transferases. Bai, G; Chu, S; Jiang, M; Liu, W; Lu, Y; Ma, X; Peng, J; Wang, X, 2022)	2.16
"This study aims to explore toxic targets and mechanism of TET and present UA as a potential targeted therapy for alleviating TET-induced hepatotoxicity."	( Ursolic acid alleviates tetrandrine-induced hepatotoxicity by competitively binding to the substrate-binding site of glutathione S-transferases. Bai, G; Chu, S; Jiang, M; Liu, W; Lu, Y; Ma, X; Peng, J; Wang, X, 2022)	2.16
" The covalent binding led to toxic metabolite accumulation and caused redox imbalance and liver injury."	( Ursolic acid alleviates tetrandrine-induced hepatotoxicity by competitively binding to the substrate-binding site of glutathione S-transferases. Bai, G; Chu, S; Jiang, M; Liu, W; Lu, Y; Ma, X; Peng, J; Wang, X, 2022)	2.16
" In-vivo toxicity study demonstrated no adverse effects on body weight and vital organs in the treatment group compared with the control group."	( Targeted delivery of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid to lungs in the form of an inhaler for the management of tuberculosis: Pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessment. Debnath, SK; Dighe, V; Maske, P; Saini, V; Srivastava, R, 2022)	1.04

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" The LC-MS method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of ursolic acid after oral administration of Lu-Ying ethanolic extract (at a dose containing 80."	( LC-MS determination and pharmacokinetic studies of ursolic acid in rat plasma after administration of the traditional chinese medicinal preparation Lu-Ying extract. Bi, K; Chen, X; Gao, Q; Jia, Y; Liao, Q; Yang, W, 2005)	0.81
" The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after intravenous infusion of Ursolic Acid Nano-liposomes to healthy volunteers."	( Quantitation of ursolic acid in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic study. Liu, C; Si, D; Wei, G; Xia, Y, 2011)	0.93
"A total of 63 subjects including 4 patients and 35 healthy adult volunteers for toxicity study and 24 healthy adult volunteers for pharmacokinetic study were enrolled in this trial."	( Evaluation of toxicity and single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous ursolic acid liposomes in healthy adult volunteers and patients with advanced solid tumors. Hao, XS; Qian, ZZ; Qiu, LH; Song, Z; Wang, HQ; Wang, P; Wang, XH; Zhang, HL; Zhao, J; Zhou, SY, 2013)	0.62
" Meanwhile, UAL had a linear pharmacokinetic profile."	( Evaluation of toxicity and single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous ursolic acid liposomes in healthy adult volunteers and patients with advanced solid tumors. Hao, XS; Qian, ZZ; Qiu, LH; Song, Z; Wang, HQ; Wang, P; Wang, XH; Zhang, HL; Zhao, J; Zhou, SY, 2013)	0.62
" It is suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of UA-SMEDDS in rats."	( [Plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of ursolic acid carried in self-microemulsifying drug delivery system in rats studied by UPLC-MS/MS]. Chen, HX; Han, YY; Liu, J; Sheng, LS; Sun, DD; Xu, XG; Yan, XS; Zhao, XJ, 2014)	0.66
" The pharmacokinetic behaviors of oral dosage of QingGanSanJie decoctions were then studied in rats following the developed approach."	( Simultaneous Determination of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids in Rat Plasma by HPLC-MS: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study After Oral Administration of Different Combinations of QingGanSanJie Decoction Extracts. Chai, Y; Li, W; Li, Y; Lv, L; Wang, X; Xu, H; Zhang, G; Zhao, L, 2015)	0.68
" The expression levels of phase II drug metabolism (DM)/antioxidant genes and the inflammatory iNos gene in corresponding treatment arms were measured using qPCR as a pharmacodynamic (PD) marker."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Triterpenoid Ursolic Acid in Regulating the Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Epigenetic Gene Responses in Rat Leukocytes. Androulakis, IP; Cheng, D; Guo, Y; Kong, AN; Li, W; Wang, C; Wu, R; Yang, Y; Zhang, C, 2017)	0.7
" At present, pharmacokinetic studies on UA are few."	( Ursolic acid: Pharmacokinetics process in vitro and in vivo, a mini review. Jinhua, W, 2019)	1.96
" Based on literatures from PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library, with keywords of "pharmacology", "toxicology", "pharmacokinetics", "PK-PD" and "ursolic acid", herein we systematically review the pharmacology and toxicity of UA, and rethink on its pharmacokinetics on the basis of PK-PD model, and seek to delineate the underlying mechanisms for the characteristics of pharmacology and toxicology of UA, and for the pharmacokinetic features of UA particularly from the organ tropism and the interactions between UA and gut microbiota, and lay a solid foundation for development of UA-derived therapeutic agents in clinical settings."	( Ursolic acid: A systematic review of its pharmacology, toxicity and rethink on its pharmacokinetics based on PK-PD model. Chen, L; He, M; Sun, Q; Xu, H; Zeng, S; Zhang, M; Zhou, L, 2020)	2.19
" With prior approval of IAEC, a pharmacokinetic and acute inhalation toxicity study was conducted using MDI on Wistar rats."	( Targeted delivery of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid to lungs in the form of an inhaler for the management of tuberculosis: Pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessment. Debnath, SK; Dighe, V; Maske, P; Saini, V; Srivastava, R, 2022)	1.04
"The pharmacokinetic study showed an increased biological half-life of UA (9."	( Targeted delivery of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid to lungs in the form of an inhaler for the management of tuberculosis: Pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessment. Debnath, SK; Dighe, V; Maske, P; Saini, V; Srivastava, R, 2022)	1.04

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" coli (UPECs), we examined its effect in combination with two pentacyclic triterpenes - asiatic and ursolic acids."	( Pentacyclic triterpenes combined with ciprofloxacin help to eradicate the biofilm formed in vitro by Escherichia coli. Kicia, M; Tichaczek-Goska, D; Wojnicz, D, 2015)	0.63
" Ciprofloxacin combined with ursolic acid inhibited the biofilm formation on microtitre plates."	( Pentacyclic triterpenes combined with ciprofloxacin help to eradicate the biofilm formed in vitro by Escherichia coli. Kicia, M; Tichaczek-Goska, D; Wojnicz, D, 2015)	0.71
" Pentacyclic triterpenes used in combination with ciprofloxacin enhanced its anti-biofilm effectiveness."	( Pentacyclic triterpenes combined with ciprofloxacin help to eradicate the biofilm formed in vitro by Escherichia coli. Kicia, M; Tichaczek-Goska, D; Wojnicz, D, 2015)	0.42

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" The bioavailability of the decoction and certain fractions, and the mode of cell death induced by these mixtures, were also investigated."	( Cytotoxicity and bioavailability studies on a decoction of Oldenlandia diffusa and its fractions separated by HPLC. Barker, J; Carew, M; Ganbold, M; Jones, L; Ma, R, 2010)	0.36
"RA and UA in herbal extracts had similar uptake as that found using the pure compounds, which may simplify the prediction of compound efficacy, but the apparent lack of intestinal glucuronidation/sulfation of UA is likely to further enhance the bioavailability of that compound compared with RA."	( Permeability of rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris and ursolic acid in Salvia officinalis extracts across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Hauck, C; Hendrich, S; McCoy, JA; Murphy, PA; Qiang, Z; Reddy, MB; Widrlechner, MP; Ye, Z, 2011)	0.61
" Compounds that alter transport by one or both of these OATPs could potentially be used to target drugs to hepatocytes or improve the bioavailability of drugs that are cleared by the liver."	( Isolation of modulators of the liver-specific organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1 and 1B3 from Rollinia emarginata Schlecht (Annonaceae). Araya, JJ; Hagenbuch, B; Roth, M; Timmermann, BN, 2011)	0.37
" Finally, UA was detected in serum samples obtained from various mice groups fed with enriched diet in nanogram quantity indicating that it is well absorbed in the GI tract."	( Ursolic acid inhibits the initiation, progression of prostate cancer and prolongs the survival of TRAMP mice by modulating pro-inflammatory pathways. Ho, PC; Hui, KM; Kumar, AP; Lun, CK; Ong, TH; Sethi, G; Shanmugam, MK; Wong, PT, 2012)	1.82
" We also observed bioavailability of ursolic acid in the serum and tissue of animals."	( Ursolic acid inhibits growth and metastasis of human colorectal cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model by targeting multiple cell signaling pathways: chemosensitization with capecitabine. Aggarwal, BB; Baladandayuthapani, V; Deorukhkar, A; Diagaradjane, P; Guha, S; Kannappan, R; Krishnan, S; Prasad, S; Reuter, S; Sung, B; Wei, C; Yadav, VR, 2012)	2.09
" The relative bioavailability of LMX-loaded liposomes was 1074."	( Preparation and evaluation of liposome-encapsulated codrug LMX. Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wu, B; Zhong, Y, 2012)	0.38
"Solid dispersions (SDs) are an approach to increasing the water solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic drugs such as ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid with trypanocidal activity."	( Solid dispersion of ursolic acid in Gelucire 50/13: a strategy to enhance drug release and trypanocidal activity. de Albuquerque, S; de Oliveira Eloy, J; Marchetti, JM; Saraiva, J, 2012)	0.91
" Pharmacokinetic assessments showed advantages of systemic bioavailability of FTL-UA (AUC = 218."	( In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of folate-targeted ursolic acid stealth liposome. Lu, M; Ma, X; Xiang, G; Yang, G; Yang, T; Zhang, W, 2014)	0.65
" However, the limited solubility, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability of UA restricted its further clinical applications."	( Evolution in medicinal chemistry of ursolic acid derivatives as anticancer agents. Chen, H; Gao, Y; Wang, A; Zheng, Y; Zhou, J; Zhou, X, 2015)	0.69
" The UA was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, specific surface area, dissolution test and bioavailability test."	( Physicochemical properties and oral bioavailability of ursolic acid nanoparticles using supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process. Sun, X; Sun, Z; Yang, L; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z; Zhao, C; Zu, Y, 2012)	0.63
"Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, but the poor oral bioavailability of UA owing to the poor aqueous solubility and membrane permeability limits the further clinical application."	( Ursolic Acid Nanocrystals for Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability Enhancement: Influence of Different Particle Size. Gu, X; Liu, Z; Luan, H; Pi, J; Wang, H; Wang, S; Zhang, B; Zhu, Z, 2016)	3.32
" Oral bioavailability of UA nanocrystals and microcrystals comparing with UA coarse suspension was evaluated in SD rats after 50 mg·kg-1 administration."	( Ursolic Acid Nanocrystals for Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability Enhancement: Influence of Different Particle Size. Gu, X; Liu, Z; Luan, H; Pi, J; Wang, H; Wang, S; Zhang, B; Zhu, Z, 2016)	1.88
"The nanosized UA crystal is a viable and efficient approach to improve the oral bioavailability of UA."	( Ursolic Acid Nanocrystals for Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability Enhancement: Influence of Different Particle Size. Gu, X; Liu, Z; Luan, H; Pi, J; Wang, H; Wang, S; Zhang, B; Zhu, Z, 2016)	1.88
" However, UA has low water solubility, which limits its use because the bioavailability is impaired."	( Evaluation of Antitumor Activity of Long-Circulating and pH-Sensitive Liposomes Containing Ursolic Acid in Animal Models of Breast Tumor and Gliosarcoma. Balvay, D; Braga, FC; Cassali, GD; Ferreira, Ê; Ferreira, LA; Garofalakis, A; Leite, EA; Lopes, SC; Oliveira, MC; Rocha, TG; Tavitian, B; Veloso, ES, 2016)	0.65
" However, the limited solubility and poor bioavailability of triterpene sapogenins restrict their therapeutic application."	( Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains. Li, X; Liu, K; Na, H; Wang, C; Zou, C, 2016)	0.43
" Still there have been only a few compounds which meet the need of sufficient hydro solubility and bioavailability along with higher anti-inflammatory activities."	( Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid: Pentacyclic Terpenoids with Promising Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Kashyap, D; Punia, S; Sharma, A; Sharma, AK; Tuli, HS, 2016)	1.88
" UA-medoxomil (NX-201), one of our UA prodrugs, showed an improved bioavailability about 200times better than UA in rodent model."	( Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer. Chun, KH; Kim, J; Kim, Y; Lim, JW; Yoon, Y, 2016)	0.8
" However, the low-solubility and poor bioavailability restrict its further clinical application."	( pH-Sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles anticancer prodrugs for sustained release of ursolic acid and the enhanced anti-cancer efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma cancer. Chen, S; Chen, X; Fan, L; Li, T; Lin, L; Liu, Y; Shao, J; Xu, Y, 2017)	0.68
" Nanotechnology can enhance solubility, stability, bioavailability and phytochemical delivery, improving the therapeutic efficiency of triterpenes."	( Potential use of nanocarriers with pentacyclic triterpenes in cancer treatments. Günther, G; Morales, J; Rodríguez, L; Valdés, K, 2016)	0.43
" Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been known to better the bioavailability of drugs on intranasal administration compared with only drug solutions."	( Ursolic acid nanoparticles inhibit cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo via apoptosis induction. Dong, Y; Meng, X; Wang, S, 2017)	1.9
" Very importantly, the in vivo study revealed that the ursolic acid-loaded nanoparticle is as potent as the benznidazole group to control parasitemia, which could be attributed to improved bioavailability of the encapsulated drug."	( Poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanoparticles enhance ursolic acid in vivo efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Abriata, JP; Baruffi, MD; Campos, PM; Eloy, JO; Marchetti, JM; Riul, TB, 2017)	0.96
" However, the low bioavailability and nonspecific tumor targeting restrict its further clinical application."	( A smart pH-responsive nano-carrier as a drug delivery system for the targeted delivery of ursolic acid: suppresses cancer growth and metastasis by modulating P53/MMP-9/PTEN/CD44 mediated multiple signaling pathways. Chen, S; Chen, X; Chi, T; Fan, L; Jia, L; Jiang, K; Li, T; Liu, Y; Shao, J; Zheng, G, 2017)	0.68
" Bioavailability of ursolic acid is poor due to poor solubility of the compound in water."	( Advances in the Anticancer Value of the Ursolic Acid Through Nanodelivery. Abdollahi, M; Manayi, A; Nikan, M; Nobakht-Haghighi, N, 2018)	1.07
" The nanocomplex enhanced bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, efficient tumor cell targeting and exhibited pH-responsive function and sustained release profile."	( Simultaneous inhibition of growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by co-delivery of ursolic acid and sorafenib using lactobionic acid modified and pH-sensitive chitosan-conjugated mesoporous silica nanocomplex. Fan, L; Jiang, K; Li, T; Shao, J; Zhao, R; Zheng, G, 2017)	0.67
" The development of nanocrystals and nanoparticle-based drugs could reduce the side effects of high doses of UA in organisms, and increase its limited solubility and poor bioavailability of UA which limit the potential of this bioactive and the further applications."	( Recent developments on the extraction and application of ursolic acid. A review. Domínguez, H; Falqué, E; González-Muñoz, MJ; López-Hortas, L; Pérez-Larrán, P, 2018)	0.73
" UA nanoformulations could enhance the solubility and bioavailability of UA as well as exhibit better inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis."	( Ursolic Acid in Cancer Treatment and Metastatic Chemoprevention: From Synthesized Derivatives to Nanoformulations in Preclinical Studies. Fan, L; Li, C; Lin, J; Shao, J; Yu, J; Zhao, R; Zou, J, 2019)	1.96
" However, the bioavailability of UA by oral administration is low since it is absorbed by the intestine through passive diffusion."	( Ursolic acid: Pharmacokinetics process in vitro and in vivo, a mini review. Jinhua, W, 2019)	1.96
"To prepare and characterize an optimized phospholipid complex of Ursolic acid (UA) to overcome the poor pharmacokinetic properties and to investigate the impact of the complex on hepatoprotective activity and bioavailability in animal model."	( Enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotectivity of optimized ursolic acid-phospholipid complex. Bannerjee, S; Bhattacharjee, P; Biswas, S; Harwansh, RK; Mukherjee, PK, 2019)	0.99
" Its major limitation is poor absorption, rapid elimination, and hence low bioavailability after administration."	( Enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotectivity of optimized ursolic acid-phospholipid complex. Bannerjee, S; Bhattacharjee, P; Biswas, S; Harwansh, RK; Mukherjee, PK, 2019)	0.76
" The formulation was then used to study hepatoprotective activity and bioavailability in animal models."	( Enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotectivity of optimized ursolic acid-phospholipid complex. Bannerjee, S; Bhattacharjee, P; Biswas, S; Harwansh, RK; Mukherjee, PK, 2019)	0.76
"Complexation of UA with phospholipid markedly enhanced the hepatoprotective potential of UA by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotectivity of optimized ursolic acid-phospholipid complex. Bannerjee, S; Bhattacharjee, P; Biswas, S; Harwansh, RK; Mukherjee, PK, 2019)	0.76
" One of such PT is ursolic acid (UA, 3 β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), which possesses important biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its bioavailability and solubility limits its clinical application."	( Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives as Bioactive Agents. Gondwe, M; Mlala, S; Oyedeji, AO; Oyedeji, OO, 2019)	2.29
" Ursolic acid (UA) as a natural product plays a pivotal role in anti-tumor field, although its performance is limited by low bioavailability and poor hydrophilicity."	( Co-delivery of Bmi1 small interfering RNA with ursolic acid by folate receptor-targeted cationic liposomes enhances anti-tumor activity of ursolic acid He, C; Khan, MW; Li, W; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Xiang, G; Xu, C; Yan, R; Yang, T; Zhang, X, 2019)	1.68
" However, the poor bioavailability and efficacy of UA limit its clinical application."	( Ursolic acid derivative UA232 evokes apoptosis of lung cancer cells induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bi, C; Duan, Y; Gou, W; Hou, W; Li, Y; Luo, N; Ning, H; Wei, H; Wu, H; Yu, X, 2020)	2
"After oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) screening, 15 small molecules were identified as the potential ingredients against PLC."	( Exploration of the Potential Mechanism of Calculus Bovis in Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer by Network Pharmacology. Chen, S; Deng, T; Gao, W; Tian, X; Wu, R; Zeng, P; Zhang, Z, 2021)	0.62
" Although ursolic acid has many benefits, its therapeutic applications in clinical medicine are limited by its poor bioavailability and absorption."	( Ursolic Acid-Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents: An Update. Aderibigbe, BA; Khwaza, V; Oyedeji, OO, 2020)	2.4
" The bioavailability of 29 was significantly improved in comparison with its aglycon."	( Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of saponin derivatives of δ-oleanolic acid. Chen, C; Cheng, K; Dai, L; Hu, K; Li, H; Liu, L; Sun, H; Wen, X; Xu, Q; Yuan, H, 2021)	0.62
" However, the low water solubility and poor bioavailability of UA have greatly hindered its translation to the clinic."	( A novel redox-responsive ursolic acid polymeric prodrug delivery system for osteosarcoma therapy. Cheng, P; Fu, D; Ji, X; Li, G; Ni, Z; Shang, X; Wu, K, 2021)	0.92
" To overcome these limitations, chitosan (CS) modified poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles containing UA were developed, characterized, and had their oral bioavailability assessed."	( Chitosan modified poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles increased the ursolic acid oral bioavailability. Antonio, E; da Silva Santos, J; Diedrich, C; Dos Reis Antunes Junior, O; Khalil, NM; Machado, CS; Mainardes, RM; Marcano, RGDJV, 2021)	0.86
" Therefore, our aim was to review current studies on the distribution of ursolic and oleanolic acids in plants, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of these triterpenoids and their derivatives, and to discuss their neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo."	( Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids: Plant Metabolites with Neuroprotective Potential. Arandarcikaite, O; Bendokas, V; Gudoityte, E; Liobikas, J; Mazeikiene, I, 2021)	0.62
" In this study, PHB NPs were utilized to deliver and enhance the bioavailability of UA against cancer cells (HeLa)."	( Delivery of Ursolic Acid by Polyhydroxybutyrate Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: in silico and in vitro Studies. Chandramohan, V; Kunjiappan, S; Pavadai, P; Ram Kumar Pandian, S; Sundar, K; Sundarapandian, V, 2022)	1.1
"The findings indicated that the combination of PIP and UA is an effective strategy in enhancing the bioavailability and hepatoprotective potential of UA."	( Synergistic effect of ursolic acid and piperine in CCl Biswas, S; Haldar, PK; Kar, A; Mukherjee, PK; Sharma, N, 2021)	0.94
" The biochemistry of UA has been examined broadly based on the literature, with alterations frequently having been prepared on positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12-C13 (double bonds), and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives with increased potency, bioavailability and water solubility."	( Therapeutic Potential of Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases. Adnan, M; Ahmed, S; Alam, M; Ali, S; Elasbali, AM; Hassan, MI; Islam, A; Yadav, DK, 2021)	0.92
" However, due to its minimal water solubility, it is necessary to prepare an optimal nano-sized vehicle to overcome the low bioavailability issue."	( Design and Development of a New Type of Hybrid PLGA/Lipid Nanoparticle as an Ursolic Acid Delivery System against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Gubernator, J; Jaromin, A; Markowski, A; Migdał, P; Olczak, E; Pawlik, K; Zaremba-Czogalla, M; Zygmunt, A, 2022)	0.95
" Niosomes have been reported to improve the bioavailability of low water-soluble drugs."	( The effectiveness of ursolic acid niosomes with chitosan coating for prevention of liver damage in mice induced by n-nitrosodiethylamine. Cahyani, DM; Faradisa, AA; Hariawan, BS; Hendradi, E; Jauhari, AA; Miatmoko, A; Plumeriastuti, H; Sari, R, 2022)	1.04
" The low bioavailability of UA limits its use as a therapeutic drug."	( Ursolic Acid Analogs as Potential Therapeutics for Cancer. Lokeshwar, BL; Panda, SS; Thangaraju, M, 2022)	2.16
" In this study, several UA systems were constructed to investigate the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of UA in combination with in vitro simulated digestion and Caco-2 cell models."	( Effect and mechanism of edible oil co-digestion on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of ursolic acid. Guo, S; Li, P; Liu, Y; Qin, S; Shi, M; Xia, H; Zeng, C, 2023)	1.13
" Though, ursolic acid has been shown to have beneficial effects, its poor water solubility and bioavailability hinder to exert its 100% efficacy."	( Ursolic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles suppress 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oral tumor formation through their antilipid peroxidative potential in golden Syrian hamsters. Karthik, M; Manoharan, S; Muralinaidu, R, 2023)	2.77
" The further application of UA is greatly limited due to its low bioavailability and poor water solubility."	( Recent progress in the development of ursolic acid derivatives as anti-diabetes and anti-cardiovascular agents. Dai, Y; Hu, Y; Lin, J; Liu, S; Mi, P; Sun, L; Tan, Y; Xu, W; Yao, X; Zheng, X; Zhou, J, 2023)	1.18

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" berghei) the top dosage employed of 250 mg/kg/day was ineffective at reducing parasitaemia and exhibited some toxicity."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of betulinic acid as an antimalarial. Kirby, GC; Simmonds, MS; Steele, JC; Warhurst, DC, 1999)	0.3
" They displayed significant, dose-response vasodepressor effect and sinus bradicardia, most prominent for OA and MM."	( Cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of oleanolic and ursolic acids, methyl maslinate and uvaol. Mipando, M; Shode, FO; Somova, LI, 2004)	0.57
" Ursolic acid-mediated suppression of NF-kappaB drastically reduced the required dosage of the chemotherapeutic agents to achieve identical biological endpoints and enhanced the chemotherapeutic agent-induced cancer cells apoptosis."	( Enhancement of chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB using ursolic acid. Chen, Q; Chen, WR; Li, Y; Xing, D, 2010)	1.49
" The results revealed that the medium dosage group (100 mg/kg) showed significant anticancer activity (45."	( In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives. Dai, YC; Guo, YH; Lin, FP; Shao, JW; Wang, JC; Xue, JP, 2011)	0.62
" Individual dose-response curves of the antinociceptive effect of these compounds were built to calculate the ED50, as well as the pharmacological interaction, by using isobolographic analysis."	( Isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive interaction between ursolic acid and diclofenac or tramadol in mice. Cortés, A; Déciga-Campos, M; Díaz-Reval, I; González-Trujano, ME; Pellicer, F, 2014)	0.64
" This study investigated the dose-response efficacy of UA (0."	( Effects of ursolic acid on glucose metabolism, the polyol pathway and dyslipidemia in non-obese type 2 diabetic mice. Cho, HW; Kim, MJ; Lee, HI; Lee, J; Lee, MK; Park, EM; Seo, KI, 2014)	0.79
" The pharmacokinetic behaviors of oral dosage of QingGanSanJie decoctions were then studied in rats following the developed approach."	( Simultaneous Determination of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids in Rat Plasma by HPLC-MS: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study After Oral Administration of Different Combinations of QingGanSanJie Decoction Extracts. Chai, Y; Li, W; Li, Y; Lv, L; Wang, X; Xu, H; Zhang, G; Zhao, L, 2015)	0.68
" dosing and was fitted to a two-compartmental model."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Triterpenoid Ursolic Acid in Regulating the Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Epigenetic Gene Responses in Rat Leukocytes. Androulakis, IP; Cheng, D; Guo, Y; Kong, AN; Li, W; Wang, C; Wu, R; Yang, Y; Zhang, C, 2017)	0.7
" Dosage of 100 mg/kg was not satisfactory; and 500 and 250 mg/kg showed significant immunostimmulation (HA Titre) and immunosuppression (DTH response, 48 h)."	( Carissa congesta Wight and Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. as budding immunomodulatory agents. Doshi, GM; Une, HD, 2016)	0.43
" Together, this study indicates that oral dosing with UA is safe for adult rats and their offspring and the no observed adverse effect level for UA is likely higher than 1000 mg/kg/day."	( 15-Day subchronic developmental toxicity studies of ursolic acid in rats. Geerlofs, L; He, Z; Xiao, S; Xiao, ZC, 2020)	0.81
" Furthermore, UA exhibited tumor-suppressing index (TSI) score of 90% over a 6-week treatment term when used for single dosing in xenograft tumor model."	( Ursolic acid silences CYP19A1/aromatase to suppress gastric cancer growth. Chang, N; Chang, WC; Chen, GY; Cheng, WC; Li, CC; Ma, WL; Su, YT; Wu, YC; Yang, JC; Yu, Y, 2022)	2.16

Role	Description
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
geroprotector	Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
pentacyclic triterpenoid
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
ursolate biosynthesis	1	5
ursolate biosynthesis	0	6

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1585	0.1259	19.1169	125.8920	AID2549
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.7828	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624170
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.0929	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
IDH1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.3564	0.0052	10.8652	35.4813	AID686970
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID540317
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	9.7591	0.0079	8.2332	1,122.0200	AID2551; AID2762; AID2763
Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Potency	5.6234	1.5849	19.6264	63.0957	AID651644
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	3.9811	46.7448	112.2020	AID720708
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	40.0000	0.0320	1.4649	4.8000	AID1617776
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.0000	0.0010	1.9445	9.6000	AID697009
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.3200	0.0460	2.1606	6.0000	AID697012; AID697013; AID697014; AID697015; AID697016
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	IC50 (µMol)	10.5531	0.0140	5.9324	9.0000	AID404873; AID469220; AID603224
Basic phospholipase A2 1	Naja melanoleuca (forest cobra)	IC50 (µMol)	2.9000	2.9000	2.9000	2.9000	AID241513
Pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa (pig)	IC50 (µMol)	22.6000	1.3530	4.3108	8.9300	AID1465050
Histidine-rich protein PFHRP-II	Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)	IC50 (µMol)	20,000.0000	0.0765	1.1255	2.9000	AID320724
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Ovis aries (sheep)	IC50 (µMol)	40.0000	0.0003	2.1774	10.0000	AID1617778
DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	18.6000	1.4000	6.5667	9.0000	AID402618
DNA polymerase beta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	6.6500	3.7000	6.2000	8.5000	AID376695; AID376696
Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.4160	0.0063	2.0734	22.3780	AID1803296
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	40.0000	0.0001	1.6847	9.3200	AID1617774
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	21.9000	1.3000	2.6660	4.2300	AID409689; AID687543
Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	32.0000	0.0000	1.2904	10.0000	AID364069
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	48.3000	0.0030	0.2169	4.1000	AID1500868; AID1646834
Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)	IC50 (µMol)	36.2000	6.1500	7.6300	8.3700	AID697060; AID697061
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	41.0000	0.0010	1.1913	10.0000	AID697010
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.1433	0.7000	4.5804	9.4500	AID409687; AID615387; AID729839
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	6.6839	0.0005	3.4984	9.7600	AID1055972; AID1180336; AID1190333; AID1231481; AID1271910; AID1301468; AID1373191; AID1374929; AID1387080; AID1446608; AID1453624; AID1454065; AID1456320; AID1464901; AID1475098; AID1624911; AID1647483; AID1651895; AID1654053; AID1696163; AID288630; AID347889; AID379219; AID391031; AID409686; AID424242; AID445607; AID447165; AID467753; AID469324; AID598810; AID612168; AID615386; AID683328; AID687539; AID695959; AID719063; AID729840
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	4.9000	0.1900	4.8327	9.6000	AID1231482; AID687544
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	40.0000	4.6000	4.6000	4.6000	AID409690
Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1000	0.0040	0.2551	0.6000	AID1697439
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	210.0000	0.0002	1.5574	10.0000	AID402403
Sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0400	1.8483	10.0000	AID1070016
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	9.1500	2.8600	9.6336	17.2000	AID687540; AID687541
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.9000	0.0041	1.0667	10.0000	AID458318
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	25.7800	0.2900	2.2075	4.2300	AID409688
Delta-type opioid receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	3.6000	0.0001	0.7298	10.0000	AID288630
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	85.3333	0.0001	0.9950	10.0000	AID1617780; AID336477; AID402402
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.5333	0.0600	1.9357	9.4100	AID1127096; AID1127097; AID1127100
Basic phospholipase A2 PLA-A	Protobothrops flavoviridis	IC50 (µMol)	2.5000	2.5000	2.5000	2.5000	AID241811
Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0310	0.0001	1.8981	8.8000	AID1398545
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	100.0000	0.0007	2.4652	9.2100	AID1572576; AID1594654
Acidic phospholipase A2 EC-I	Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper)	IC50 (µMol)	2.3000	2.3000	2.3000	2.3000	AID241486
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	7.0000	0.1300	4.0462	8.0000	AID1491547
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	26.0000	4.3000	6.5000	8.7000	AID1491548
Ghrelin O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	100.0000	6.0000	7.5000	8.0000	AID1639664
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	11.4815	0.1047	2.7195	7.0795	AID977603
Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.2932	0.0064	2.6446	6.1000	AID1859337; AID1888105
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	15.8489	0.0500	2.3797	9.7000	AID977600
Protease	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50 (µMol)	8.0000	0.0000	0.8176	9.8500	AID600424
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
streptokinase A precursor	Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS	EC50 (µMol)	1.7900	0.0600	8.9128	130.5170	AID1902
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	41.3100	0.0006	1.6074	10.0000	AID620694
Env polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	EC50 (µMol)	100.0000	0.0101	0.1887	0.5420	AID1161581
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	1.4300	0.0237	2.5259	8.9000	AID444761
Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	50.0000	6.1100	6.1100	6.1100	AID1612308
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate gland development	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of growth	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
hepoxilin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
endocannabinoid signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cannabinoid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoid metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
farnesol catabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
daunorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
doxorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxification of aldehyde	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated DNA replication	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
base-excision repair	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
base-excision repair, gap-filling	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine dimer repair	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
salivary gland morphogenesis	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
lymph node development	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
spleen development	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
homeostasis of number of cells	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxia	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic process	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to yeast	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chemokine production	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-8 production	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacterium	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of immune response	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chemotaxis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
pyroptosis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection regeneration	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of axon regeneration	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane adhesion	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor binding	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid biosynthetic process	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen biosynthetic process	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
androgen catabolic process	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
syncytium formation	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
sterol metabolic process	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
female genitalia development	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland development	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
uterus development	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate gland growth	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone biosynthetic process	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of estradiol secretion	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
female gonad development	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
triglyceride metabolic process	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid transport	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cholesterol efflux	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid transport	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol transport	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol transport	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
triglyceride transport	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
reverse cholesterol transport	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine metabolic process	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasis	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
triglyceride homeostasis	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipid transport	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
lactate metabolic process	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
fatty acid biosynthetic process	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
positive regulation of appetite	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
retinoid metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell maturation	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasis	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of urine volume	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
daunorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
doxorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
fructose biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hyperosmotic salinity response	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric collecting duct development	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storage	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte differentiation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor recycling	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage differentiation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gluconeogenesis	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chemotaxis	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JUN kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organization	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of endocytosis	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular protein transport	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to unfolded protein	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor recycling	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor catabolic process	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathway	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathway	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of focal adhesion assembly	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylation	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol efflux	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storage	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
reverse cholesterol transport	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cholesterol	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transport	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid secretion	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid catabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylation	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
lung development	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid catabolic process	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascade	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet formation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell costimulation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
megakaryocyte development	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell proliferation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAPK cascade	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of B cell differentiation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
epididymis development	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nematode	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fructose	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to manganese ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
bone mineralization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fever generation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin D	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to tumor necrosis factor	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood-brain barrier	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
hair cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
decidualization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fatty acid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lead ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATP	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to homocysteine	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to angiotensin	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterol	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue development	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
liver development	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
hair follicle development	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to tumor cell	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
acetaldehyde metabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular defense response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ morphogenesis	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV-B	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to muramyl dipeptide	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein sumoylation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cobalamin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle stretch	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
prolactin signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amino acid	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cAMP	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipoteichoic acid	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to peptidoglycan	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nicotine	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-1	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-6	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
antiviral innate immune response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to angiotensin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to stress	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cytokine	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesis	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermis development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to starvation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storage	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of appetite	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotine	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gluconeogenesis	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
enamel mineralization	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fructose stimulus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid transport	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
aldo-keto reductase (NADPH) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
geranylgeranyl reductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
indanol dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
damaged DNA binding	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule binding	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
lyase activity	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
heparin binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
heparin binding	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binding	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule binding	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activity	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen binding	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid transporter activity	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol binding	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
triglyceride binding	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine binding	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol transfer activity	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
single-stranded DNA binding	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
fatty acid synthase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
(3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
fatty acyl-[ACP] hydrolase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
phosphopantetheine binding	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
(3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
retinal dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glucuronate reductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
syntaxin binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
STAT family protein binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sterol esterase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylesterase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
acid phosphatase activity	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
7-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cortisol dehydrogenase activity	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphotyrosine residue binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
SH3 domain binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
SH2 domain binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation-dependent protein binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
oxysterol binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphate ion binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
actinin binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
ankyrin repeat binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatase binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
NFAT protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
E-box binding	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator activator activity	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid receptor activity	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled bile acid receptor activity	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
small GTPase binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
deubiquitinase activity	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
K48-linked deubiquitinase activity	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
WD40-repeat domain binding	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
deubiquitinase activity	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron binding	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen sensor activity	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid binding	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase activity	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
O-acyltransferase activity	Ghrelin O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)
acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups	Ghrelin O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine O-acyltransferase activity	Ghrelin O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron binding	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid binding	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase activity	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid binding	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase activity	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron binding	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid binding	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase activity	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
deSUMOylase activity	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
adherens junction	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Hemagglutinin	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
plasma membrane	Hemagglutinin	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
virion membrane	Hemagglutinin	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
nucleus	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle microtubule	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumen	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule lumen	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Aromatase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
vesicle	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
high-density lipoprotein particle	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
extracellular space	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome lumen	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial crista	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome lumen	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sorting endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid droplet	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid droplet	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor outer segment	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemma	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule lumen	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumen	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-beta T cell receptor complex	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear outer membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB complex	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
motile cilium	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
axon cytoplasm	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
euchromatin	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
SCF ubiquitin ligase complex	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Ghrelin O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Ghrelin O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Ghrelin O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Egl nine homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Sentrin-specific protease 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (807)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1617775	Inhibition of human recombinant 5-LOX expressed in insect cells assessed residual activity using arachidonic acid at 42 uM as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric ion oxidation-xylenol o	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID528304	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as decrease in anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 at 30 to 40 uM by Western blot analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID603743	Antitumor activity against mouse H22 cells xenografted in kunming mouse assessed as inhibition of tumor growth at 150 mg/kg, ip for 7 days	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives.
AID1297393	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 50 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID687793	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in complex-1 dependent state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using pyruvate and malate as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1389717	Inverse agonist activity at Gal4-fused RORgammat LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells at 2 to 20 uM measured after 48 hrs post transfection by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8	Targeting RORs nuclear receptors by novel synthetic steroidal inverse agonists for autoimmune disorders.
AID687533	Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, po after 1 hr by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID663322	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Journal of natural products, Apr-27, Volume: 75, Issue:4	Bioactive diterpenes from Callicarpa longissima.
AID587674	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis assessed as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia.
AID687948	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in state 2 respiratory rate using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1653734	Down regulation of CCND1 gene expression in human HCT116 cells at 9.5 uM in presence of 2 Gy irradiation by RT-PCR analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Investigating the effect of radiosensitizer for Ursolic Acid and Kamolonol Acetate ‌ on HCT-116 cell line.
AID693242	Antiproliferative activity against human Bcap37 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID1491548	Inhibition of USP47 (unknown origin) using Ub-AMC as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 50 mins	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-25, Volume: 61, Issue:2	Chemical Approaches to Intervening in Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7 (USP7) Function for Oncology and Immune Oncology Therapies.
AID1172696	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel ester-triazole-linked triterpenoid-AZT conjugates.
AID528298	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as caspase 8 activation at 40 uM by fluorometric protease assay relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1401986	Antimycobacterial activity against streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 35820 by microplate alamar blue assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of triterpeni≿ A-ring azepanes.
AID1617778	Inhibition of ovine recombinant COX1 assessed as decrease in formation of PGE2 using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID426215	Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1272455	Cytotoxicity against human 518A2 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates.
AID426214	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1297406	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as reduction of parasite viability after 2 hrs by FDA/PI dye staining based flow cytometry relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1612305	Activation of AMPK in rat H42E cells assessed as increase AMPK phosphorylation at MNTD after 18 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2018	Journal of natural products, 10-26, Volume: 81, Issue:10	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from the Root Bark Extract of Myrianthus arboreus, a Species Used Traditionally to Treat Type-2 Diabetes.
AID402406	Inhibition of COX1-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis at 200 ug/ml without preincubation	1998	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 61, Issue:10	Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AID697853	Inhibition of horse BChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID1859337	Inhibition of SENP1 (unknown origin)	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233	Small-molecule inhibitors targeting small ubiquitin-like modifier pathway for the treatment of cancers and other diseases.
AID469324	Inhibition of PTP1B mediated pNPP hydrolysis	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 19, Issue:21	Isolation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory metabolite from the marine-derived fungus Cosmospora sp. SF-5060.
AID687539	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP-1B expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 1 hr	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID1578450	Cytotoxicity against human A375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 96 hrs by SRB assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of BODIPY FL labelled triterpenoids.
AID600529	Inhibition of HDAC3 in human HL60 cells at 5 to 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID1436604	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as caspase-9 cleavage after 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID697029	Non-competitive inhibition of reductase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as pyridine-3-aldehyde reduction	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID409690	Inhibition of human recombinant PTPalpha	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: new inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities.
AID1888112	Radiosensitizing activity against human HeLa cells assessed as average lethal dose at 5 uM pretreated for 24 hrs followed by exposure to 2 to 8 Gy gamma irradiation and measured after 2 weeks by crystal violet staining based analysis (Rvb = 1.47 Gy)	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors.
AID337152	Inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema in Wistar rat paw at 0.04 mg/kg to 0.51 mg/kg, po
AID615388	Inhibition of human recombinant CDC25B	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID687799	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory rate per mg protein using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate (Rvb = 85+/-4 nmol/min)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1457648	Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID377097	Cytotoxicity against human VA13 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Three new triterpenes from Nerium oleander and biological activity of the isolated compounds.
AID1436593	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 80 uM after 24 hrs by Annexin V-PE/7AAD staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 3.64%)	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID1325396	Tmax in rat at 0.5 mg/kg, iv	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID1202123	Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
AID1272459	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates.
AID671762	Inhibition of HCV NS3 helicase overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of DNA unwinding activity at 10 uM by FRET assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13.
AID689291	Cytotoxicity against human AsPC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel ursolic acid heterocyclic derivatives with improved abilities of antiproliferation and induction of p53, p21waf1 and NOXA in pancreatic cancer cells.
AID1457647	Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID1373192	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B (1 to 322 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli using P-NPP as substrate after 10 mins by Dixon plot analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.
AID763944	Growth inhibition of human THP1 cells assessed as dead cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID621332	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of ACOX mRNA level at 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1202124	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
AID1325399	Cmax in rat at 25 mg/kg, po	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID595313	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at sub-G1 phase at 25 uM after 48 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID1424313	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID402405	Inhibition of COX1-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis at 100 ug/ml without preincubation	1998	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 61, Issue:10	Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AID977603	pIC50 values for sodium fluorescein (10 uM) uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1647194	Cognitive enhancing effect in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in escape latency time to find removed platform position at 14 to 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured on 6th
AID426211	Inhibition of SP1-dependent luciferase expression	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1201611	Downregulation of lytF gene expression in Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID1653733	Effect on CCND1 gene expression in human HCT116 cells at 9.5 uM in presence of 2 Gy irradiation by RT-PCR analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Investigating the effect of radiosensitizer for Ursolic Acid and Kamolonol Acetate ‌ on HCT-116 cell line.
AID1457639	Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as vacuole formation at 20 uM after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopic analysis	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID600539	Inhibition of HDAC5 in human HL60 cells at 5 to 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID621331	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as down-regulation of SREBP1c mRNA expression at 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID357253	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid synthase	2002	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12	Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies.
AID1272461	Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates.
AID1646834	Inhibition of human CETP	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2	Synthesis, biological evaluation and SAR studies of ursolic acid 3β-ester derivatives as novel CETP inhibitors.
AID763925	Growth inhibition of human FR2 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1414763	Cytotoxicity activity against human PANC1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Synthesis and Discovery Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Compounds Derived from the Natural Triterpenoic Acids.
AID1297395	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1391717	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.215 cells assessed as inhibition of HBeAg secretion after 3 days by ELISA	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of seco-A-pentacyclic triterpenoids-3,4-lactone as potent non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
AID595309	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at sub-G1 phase at 25 uM after 24 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID687945	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart mitochondria assessed as stimulation of state 2 respiration rate 293 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID620706	Induction of BODIPY-labeled 4,4-difluoro-5-methyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoic acid uptake in human HepG2 cells at 80 uM after 1 min by FACS analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID426216	Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID398516	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human HOG.R5 assessed as inhibition of viral replication by microtiter assay	2003	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 66, Issue:2	Natural anti-HIV agents. Part IV. Anti-HIV constituents from Vatica cinerea.
AID1398545	Inhibition of biotinylated consensus sequence binding to NF-kB p65 in human HeLa nuclear extracts after 3 hrs by ELISA	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID1290001	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID689301	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel ursolic acid heterocyclic derivatives with improved abilities of antiproliferation and induction of p53, p21waf1 and NOXA in pancreatic cancer cells.
AID1578452	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 96 hrs by SRB assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of BODIPY FL labelled triterpenoids.
AID1424331	Cytotoxicity in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID1391716	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.215 cells assessed as inhibition of HBsAg secretion after 3 days by ELISA	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of seco-A-pentacyclic triterpenoids-3,4-lactone as potent non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
AID1070016	Inhibition of rat intestinal sucrase using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside as substrate incubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 5 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Rat intestinal sucrase inhibition of constituents from the roots of Rosa rugosa Thunb.
AID1770390	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by colorimetric MTS viability assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1500868	Inhibition of recombinant human CETP after 3 hrs using fluorescent cholesteryl containing HDL after 3 hrs by fluorescence assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 139	Discovery of pentacyclic triterpene 3β-ester derivatives as a new class of cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors.
AID354465	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human CEM-SS cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect at 2.7 uM after 6 days by MTS assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6	New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID1696164	Binding affinity to wild type human HIS6-tagged PTP1B (1 to 400 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS by tryptophan-tyrosine residues based spectrometric method	2020	Journal of natural products, 07-24, Volume: 83, Issue:7	Hydroxy-
AID311141	Antitrypanosomal activity against South American Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes at 21 uM	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID379009	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 10 ug/ml after 24 hrs	2006	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Bacterial biofilm inhibitors from Diospyros dendo.
AID1416107	Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced NF-kB (unknown origin) activation expressed in human NCI-H460 cells after 7 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID1414760	Cytotoxicity activity against mouse 4T1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Synthesis and Discovery Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Compounds Derived from the Natural Triterpenoic Acids.
AID1628353	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID1436594	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as necrotic cells at 80 uM after 24 hrs by Annexin V-PE/7AAD staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 1.08%)	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID1297405	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as decrease in parasite viability at 50 to 100 uM after 24 hrs by trypan blue dye based hemocytometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID603651	Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives.
AID528302	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as PARP cleavage by Western blot analysis in presence of 10 uM Z-VAD-fmk caspase inhibitor	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID689294	Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel ursolic acid heterocyclic derivatives with improved abilities of antiproliferation and induction of p53, p21waf1 and NOXA in pancreatic cancer cells.
AID687536	Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, po after 7 hrs by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID1271910	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate by spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Novel chromenedione derivatives displaying inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) from Flemingia philippinensis.
AID687937	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in state 2 respiration rate using pyruvate and malate as substrate at 50 to 200 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1371012	Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation by measuring superoxide dismutase SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction at 10 ug/ml incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation	2017	Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4	Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa.
AID241811	In vitro inhibitory concentration against phospholipase A2 of Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID1243945	Cytotoxicity against human 518A2 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101	Incorporation of a Michael acceptor enhances the antitumor activity of triterpenoic acids.
AID1628356	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID1628357	Cytotoxicity against human SW1736 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID663320	Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of FMLP/CB-induced superoxide-anion generation incubated for 5 mins prior to FMLP/CB-challenge measured after 10 mins by spectrophotometry	2012	Journal of natural products, Apr-27, Volume: 75, Issue:4	Bioactive diterpenes from Callicarpa longissima.
AID693258	Induction of apoptosis in human MGC803 cells assessed as membrane blebbing at 10 uM after 48 hrs by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID346801	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	The synthesis of ursolic acid derivatives with cytotoxic activity and the investigation of their preliminary mechanism of action.
AID1628354	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID1431435	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations.
AID1297380	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as parasite viability after 24 hrs by trypan blue dye based hemocytometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID528299	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as caspase 9 activation at 40 uM by fluorometric protease assay relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1443718	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by neutral red assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Cytotoxic dammarane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Viburnum sambucinum.
AID1391719	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2.215 cells to IC50 for Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.215 cells assessed as inhibition of HBsAg secretion	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of seco-A-pentacyclic triterpenoids-3,4-lactone as potent non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
AID1457637	Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as vacuole formation at 20 uM after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopic analysis	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID1391718	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2.215 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by MTT assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of seco-A-pentacyclic triterpenoids-3,4-lactone as potent non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
AID1371011	Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced elastase release pre-incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation using MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pnitroanilide as substrate	2017	Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4	Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa.
AID538216	Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of FMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion release	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1172695	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel ester-triazole-linked triterpenoid-AZT conjugates.
AID687540	Inhibition of human recombinant LMW-PTP1 expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 1 hr	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID687800	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory rate per mg protein using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate (Rvb = 238+/-39 nmol/min)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID687947	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart mitochondria assessed as stimulation of state 2 respiration rate 26 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID409686	Inhibition of PTP1B by pNPP assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: new inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities.
AID1515731	Cytotoxicity against human A549/T cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID655101	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1398541	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID1866132	Inhibition of ovine COX-1 at 17.5 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate by colorimetric analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy-
AID1770389	Antiproliferative activity against human LN-229 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by colorimetric MTS viability assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1297404	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for african green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites after 48 hrs	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID379219	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B	2006	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 69, Issue:11	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory activity of isoprenylated flavonoids isolated from Erythrina mildbraedii.
AID447165	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B assessed as hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate after 30 mins	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Inhibitory effect of chalcones and their derivatives from Glycyrrhiza inflata on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.
AID615394	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human recombinant SHP1 to IC50 for PTP1B	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID595362	Induction of apoptosis in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as change in cell morphology after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopy	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID346798	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	The synthesis of ursolic acid derivatives with cytotoxic activity and the investigation of their preliminary mechanism of action.
AID376697	Inhibition of rat DNA polymerase beta at 50 ug/mL	1999	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 62, Issue:12	DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Baeckea gunniana.
AID320717	Inhibition of beta-hematin formation at 5 mM	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 16, Issue:2	Pharmacomodulation on the 3-acetylursolic acid skeleton: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N-{3-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazinyl]propyl}-3-O-acetylursolamide derivatives as antimalarial agents.
AID687808	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as complex-1 dependent state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using pyruvate and malate as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID241283	In vitro Inhibitory concentration against phospholipase A2 activity of synovial fluid	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID1293595	Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar albino rat model at 10 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan-challenge measured at 4th hr by plethysmometer	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 112	Synthesis of new secretory phospholipase A2-inhibitory indole containing isoxazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
AID376696	Inhibition of rat DNA polymerase beta in absence of BSA	1999	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 62, Issue:12	DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Baeckea gunniana.
AID1424318	Cytotoxicity in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID663321	Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of FMLP/CB-induced elastase release using Meo-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide as substrate incubated for 5 mins prior to FMLP/CB-challenge by spectrophotometry	2012	Journal of natural products, Apr-27, Volume: 75, Issue:4	Bioactive diterpenes from Callicarpa longissima.
AID763936	Growth inhibition of human THP1 cells assessed as dead cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1256912	Inhibition of human IDH1 R132H mutant expressed in IPTG-induced Escherichia coli BL21 cells assessed as oxidation of NADPH to NADP+ after 5 mins by spectrophotometry	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Discovery of α-mangostin as a novel competitive inhibitor against mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase-1.
AID1488708	Cytotoxic activity against human SMMC7721 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of novel quinoline and oxadiazole derivatives of ursolic acid.
AID763930	Growth inhibition of human A549 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID380766	Antiinflammatory activity against croton oil-induced ear edema in mouse	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	Bioactive triterpenoids from Salvia species.
AID1414759	Cytotoxicity activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Synthesis and Discovery Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Compounds Derived from the Natural Triterpenoic Acids.
AID404873	Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase A assessed as phosphate release from glucose-1-phosphate	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-26, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase: synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID1325401	AUC in rat at 25 mg/kg, po	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID687542	Inhibition of yeast LMW-PTP1 expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 1 hr	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID337722	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells
AID311138	Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes by alamar blue assay	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID333720	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Lanostanoid triterpenes from Laetiporus sulphureus and apoptosis induction on HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells.
AID1439501	Nematocidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 129	Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies.
AID1073056	Antinociceptive activity in mouse at 3 mg/kg, ip by writhing test	2014	Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3	A perspective on natural products research and ethnopharmacology in Mexico: the eagle and the serpent on the prickly pear cactus.
AID409692	Selectivity for PTP1B to human recombinant SHP1	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: new inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities.
AID1647187	Cognitive enhancing effect in orally dosed C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in escape latency time to find removed platform position measured on 4th day by Barnes maze test
AID1374929	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 28, Issue:7	Identification of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives as natural protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from Artemisia princeps.
AID409687	Inhibition of TCPTP by pNPP assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: new inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities.
AID603650	Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives.
AID687939	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as decrease in respiratory control index at 50 to 200 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1202125	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
AID1653729	Down regulation of NFKappaB1 gene expression in human HCT116 cells at 9.5 uM by RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Investigating the effect of radiosensitizer for Ursolic Acid and Kamolonol Acetate ‌ on HCT-116 cell line.
AID1398543	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-435 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID1475098	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) using pNPP as substrate pretreated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins by spectrophotometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Structure-related protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition by naringenin derivatives.
AID1436764	Anticomplement activity in New Zealand White rabbit erythrocytes assessed as concentration required for 50% hemolytic inhibition by alternative pathway preincubated for 10 mins with normal human serum followed by erythrocyte addition measured after 30 min	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Anticomplement triterpenoids from the roots of Ilex asprella.
AID671799	Increase in ceramide content in keratinocytes at 1% after 6 days relative to vehicle treated control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Improvement by sodium dl-α-tocopheryl-6-O-phosphate treatment of moisture-retaining ability in stratum corneum through increased ceramide levels.
AID357520	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by microassay
AID621328	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as down-regulation of FAS mRNA expression at 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID380765	Inhibition of rat DNA polymerase in absence of bovine serum albumin	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	Bioactive triterpenoids from Salvia species.
AID1325403	Half life in rat at 25 mg/kg, po	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID687794	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as state 2 respiratory rate using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID729840	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) assessed as decrease in p-nitrophenol production from pNPP substrate after 30 mins by HTS7000 bioassay reader analysis	2013	Journal of natural products, Feb-22, Volume: 76, Issue:2	Sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Curcuma heyneana.
AID378286	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B isolate replication in human H9 cells assessed as decrease in viral p24 level after 4 days	2000	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12	Anti-AIDS agents 38. Anti-HIV activity of 3-O-acyl ursolic acid derivatives.
AID763927	Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1243947	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101	Incorporation of a Michael acceptor enhances the antitumor activity of triterpenoic acids.
AID1325402	Half life in rat at 0.5 mg/kg, iv	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID595312	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at G2/M phase at 25 uM after 24 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID620694	Agonist activity at human recombinant PPARalpha expressed in HepG2 cells co-transfected with pGL3-PPRE3-TK-luc reporter assessed as beta-galactosidase activity after 24 hrs by luciferase based transactivation assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1325404	Oral bioavailability in rat at 25 mg/kg	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID631660	Induction of eryptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as decrease in intracellular ATP concentration at 10 uM after 48 hrs by luciferase-based luminometry	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID1488706	Cytotoxic activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of novel quinoline and oxadiazole derivatives of ursolic acid.
AID426210	Cytotoxicity against human SW1353 cells by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1456320	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B (1 to 322 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli using pNPP as substrate incubated for 10 mins measured for 30 mins by spectrometric analysis
AID1297382	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as parasite viability after 2 to 12 hrs by FDA/PI dye staining based flow cytometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1457650	Anticancer activity against human SK-N-MC cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID1297402	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for HMVII cells to IC50 for metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites after 48 hrs	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID638450	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Inhibitory constituents of Nardostachys chinensis on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
AID1055971	Increase in 2-NBDG uptake in mouse 3T3L1 cells at 400 ug/ml after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry relative to DMSO-treated control	2013	Journal of natural products, Nov-22, Volume: 76, Issue:11	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their insulin mimetic activity.
AID365156	Binding affinity to photoactivated rhodopsin in bovine retinal rod outer-segment membranes assessed as induction of extra receptor MII state stabilization at 250 uM by UV/visible difference spectroscopy	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-11, Volume: 51, Issue:17	Modulating G-protein coupled receptor/G-protein signal transduction by small molecules suggested by virtual screening.
AID1446872	Inhibition of recombinant HIV-1 group M subtype B RT-RNase H activity expressed in Escherichia coli M15 using 18-nucleotide 3'-fluorescein-labeled RNA annealed to a complementary 18-nucleotide 5'-dabsyl-labeled DNA as substrate measured after 1 hr	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 130	Natural product-inspired esters and amides of ferulic and caffeic acid as dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID693259	Induction of apoptosis in human MGC803 cells assessed as cell budding at 10 uM after 48 hrs by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID1808729	Inhibition of PTP1B expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells by Western blot analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of Anti-TNBC Agents Targeting PTP1B: Total Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship,
AID687931	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in state 2 respiratory rate using pyruvate and malate as substrate	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID697018	Selectivity ratio of Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 V301L mutant to Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID249490	Edema ratio expressed as weight of edematous leg to 100/weight of normal leg in mice upon injection of 300 uM compound pre-incubated with 1 ug phospholipase A2 of Echis carinatus at 37 C for 1 h into the mice foot pads	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID1436580	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells at 0.63 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID1297396	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 50 uM after 24 to 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1297385	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as membrane projections and holes at 50 uM after 2 hrs by scanning microscopic analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1331556	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells expressing CTR5 gene assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Blue cell viability assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel A-ring cleaved ursolic acid derivatives in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
AID426213	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1647198	Neuroprotective activity in orally dosed amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as reduction in amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide deposition administered via gavage by DAPI staining based immunohistochemical a
AID1436608	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as downregulation of Bcl2 expression up to 80 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID621327	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase mRNA expression at 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID689300	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel ursolic acid heterocyclic derivatives with improved abilities of antiproliferation and induction of p53, p21waf1 and NOXA in pancreatic cancer cells.
AID1465051	Inhibition of yeast alpha-glucosidase using 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 27, Issue:22	Pentacyclic triterpenes as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships and the synergism with acarbose.
AID620699	Hypolipidemic activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in triglyceride level at 5 uM relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID528297	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as DNA fragmentation ladder at 30 to 40 uM after 24 hrs by agarose gel electrophoresis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1305427	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID1243949	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101	Incorporation of a Michael acceptor enhances the antitumor activity of triterpenoic acids.
AID354457	Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells after 6 days by MTS assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6	New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID600531	Inhibition of HDAC in human HL60 cells assessed as increase in histone H3 acetylation at 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID1866118	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 70 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy-
AID396461	Inhibition of elastase at 10 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of retinyl polyhydroxybenzoates, novel hybrid retinoid derivatives.
AID1416100	Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID1572576	Inhibition of HIF1alpha transcriptional activity in human Hep3B cells after 24 hrs in hypoxic condition by HRE-dual luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 29, Issue:6	Design, synthesis, and screening of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents that target the HIF-1α pathway.
AID1439494	Nematocidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 129	Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies.
AID1436592	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 80 uM after 24 hrs by Annexin V-PE/7AAD staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 4.42%)	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID687803	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as ratio of respiratory rate in presence of ADP and cytochrome c to respiratory rate in presence of ADP using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate (Rvb = 1.8+/- 0.1)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID311139	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells by alamar blue assay	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID1617777	Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal His-tagged 15-LOX2 expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID691858	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Synthesis of [3β-acetoxy-urs-12-en-28-oyl]-1-monoglyceride and investigation on its anti tumor effects against BGC-823.
AID1297384	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as rounded parasite at 50 uM after 2 hrs by scanning electron microscopic analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID687798	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory control index using pyruvate and malate as substrate (Rvb = 8.0+/-1.2)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID452564	Cytotoxicity against human NTUB1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 17, Issue:20	Ursolic acid derivatives induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NTUB1 cells associated with reactive oxygen species.
AID334272	Growth inhibition of mouse B16 2F2 cells after 3 days	2002	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 65, Issue:5	Differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing activities by pentacyclic triterpenes on a mouse melanoma cell line.
AID1617779	Inhibition of ovine recombinant COX1 assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID1290006	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1436763	Anticomplement activity in sheep erythrocytes assessed as concentration required for 50% hemolytic inhibition by classic pathway preincubated for 10 mins with guinea pig serum followed by erythrocyte addition measured after 30 mins by spectrophotometer	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Anticomplement triterpenoids from the roots of Ilex asprella.
AID1653725	Radiosensitizer activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction in cell survival at 4.75 uM incubated for 48 hrs under 2 to 6 Gy irradiation and measured after 7 days by crystal violet staining based by clonogenic assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Investigating the effect of radiosensitizer for Ursolic Acid and Kamolonol Acetate ‌ on HCT-116 cell line.
AID409691	Inhibition of human recombinant PTPepsilon	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: new inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities.
AID595361	Induction of apoptosis in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as change in cell morphology at 10 to 50 uM by phase contrast microscopy	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID1617774	Inhibition of human recombinant 5-LOX expressed in insect cells assessed as decrease in production of 5-HPETE and 5-HETE using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric io	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID620700	Hypolipidemic activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in triglyceride level at 20 uM relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1436581	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells at 1.25 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID391031	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B after 30 mins	2008	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 71, Issue:10	Triterpenoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki (persimmon) and their inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.
AID687936	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as state 3 respiratory rate using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID479074	Inhibition of NFkappa p50 isolated from nuclear extract of human HeLa cells assessed as blockade of binding to biotinylated consesus sequence by chemiluminescence assay	2010	Journal of natural products, May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5	Cytotoxic and NF-kappaB inhibitory constituents of Artocarpus rigida.
AID528293	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as increase in sub-G1 DNA content at 30 ug/ml after 24 hrs by flow cytometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1457649	Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID1773666	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B (1 to 322 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli using pNPP as substrate preincubated with substrate for 10 mins followed by enzyme addition and measured for 10 mins by absorbance based analysis	2021	Journal of natural products, 09-24, Volume: 84, Issue:9	Dual High-Resolution α-Glucosidase and PTP1B Inhibition Profiling Combined with HPLC-PDA-HRMS-SPE-NMR Analysis for the Identification of Potentially Antidiabetic Chromene Meroterpenoids from
AID1443716	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by neutral red assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Cytotoxic dammarane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Viburnum sambucinum.
AID1256624	Effect on neurite outgrowth in rat PC12 cells at 10 and 20 uM after 48 hrs by inverted microscopic analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Chemical constituents from Hericium erinaceus and their ability to stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells.
AID354613	Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha at 17.9 ug/mL after 2 hrs by HPLC assay	1996	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Anti-HIV triterpene acids from Geum japonicum.
AID687932	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate at 1.6 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID615391	Inhibition of human recombinant PTPalpha at 20 ug/mL	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID288630	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B	2007	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 70, Issue:6	Isoprenylated flavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica.
AID687943	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart mitochondria assessed as stimulation of state 2 respiration rate 4.9 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID444761	Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes.
AID1888108	Radiosensitizing activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell survival fractions at 5 uM pretreated for 24 hrs followed by exposure to 2 Gy gamma irradiation and measured after 2 weeks by crystal violet staining based analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors.
AID336799	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata assessed as reversal of azole resistance after 24 to 48 hrs	2003	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3	Genipatriol, a new cycloartane triterpene from Genipa spruceana.
AID402093	Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human H9 cells to EC50 for HIV1 3B	1998	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids.
AID1373195	Competitive inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B (1 to 322 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli using P-NPP as substrate after 10 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.
AID763943	Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells assessed as dead cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1055970	Increase in 2-NBDG uptake in mouse 3T3L1 cells after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry	2013	Journal of natural products, Nov-22, Volume: 76, Issue:11	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their insulin mimetic activity.
AID1325400	AUC in rat at 0.5 mg/kg, iv	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID1293594	Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar albino rat model at 10 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan-challenge measured at 3rd hr by plethysmometer	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 112	Synthesis of new secretory phospholipase A2-inhibitory indole containing isoxazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
AID595310	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at G0/G1 phase at 25 uM after 24 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID1515726	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID1647483	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) assessed as decrease in p-nitrophenolate formation using using pNPP as substrate incubated for 15 mins by spectrophotometric method	2020	Journal of natural products, 02-28, Volume: 83, Issue:2	Stilbenes with Potent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B Inhibitory Activity from the Roots of
AID595363	Induction of apoptosis in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as change in cell morphology after 48 hrs by phase contrast microscopy	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID1578453	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 96 hrs by SRB assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of BODIPY FL labelled triterpenoids.
AID1256913	Inhibition of human IDH1 expressed in IPTG-induced Escherichia coli BL21 cells assessed as reduction of NADP+ to NADPH after 5 mins by spectrophotometry	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Discovery of α-mangostin as a novel competitive inhibitor against mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase-1.
AID621325	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of PPARalpha mRNA expression at 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID336518	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells
AID398515	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for HOG.R5 cells to IC50 for HIV1 3B	2003	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 66, Issue:2	Natural anti-HIV agents. Part IV. Anti-HIV constituents from Vatica cinerea.
AID1868239	Inhibition of recombinant human SENP1 assessed as reduction in deSUMOylation of RanGAP1-SUMO1 at 5 uM using RanGAP1-SUMO1 as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 85, Issue:5	Discovery of Natural Ursane-type SENP1 Inhibitors and the Platinum Resistance Reversal Activity Against Human Ovarian Cancer Cells: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
AID1435531	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus.
AID1436611	Inhibition of PI3K in human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in Akt phosphorylation at Ser473-residue up to 80 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID620704	Hypolipidemic activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cholesterol level at 80 uM by fluorescence-based method relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1454065	Inhibition of recombinant PTP1B (unknown origin) using pNPP substrate	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 27, Issue:15	Design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluation of thiophene derivatives: A potent tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor and anticancer activity.
AID1370897	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID603224	Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase A assessed as release of phosphate from glucose-1-phosphate after 25 mins by microplate reader based method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Identification of pentacyclic triterpenes derivatives as potent inhibitors against glycogen phosphorylase based on 3D-QSAR studies.
AID377095	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Three new triterpenes from Nerium oleander and biological activity of the isolated compounds.
AID1647186	Cognitive enhancing effect in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in escape latency time to find removed platform position at 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured on 4th day b
AID467754	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by WST-1 assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and PTP1B inhibitory activities from Erythrina abyssinica.
AID1201614	Downregulation of yqhB gene expression in Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID1256621	Cytotoxicity against rat PC12 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 and 20 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Chemical constituents from Hericium erinaceus and their ability to stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells.
AID333388	Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei S427 by microdilution method	2004	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 67, Issue:10	Triterpenoids from Brazilian Ilex species and their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity.
AID437581	Increase in glycogen synthesis in human HepG2 cells assessed as incorporation of [14C]glucose in to cellular glycogen pools at 10 uM after 60 mins in presence of 33 mM glucose	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID1416104	Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID1373191	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B (1 to 322 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli using P-NPP as substrate after 10 mins by spectrophotometry	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.
AID364068	Inhibition of aromatase at 40.7 uM	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 43, Issue:9	Evaluation of ursolic acid isolated from Ilex paraguariensis and derivatives on aromatase inhibition.
AID1246451	Antiinflammatory activity in IRC mouse assessed as inhibition of TPA-induced IL-6 mRNA expression in epidermis at 2 umol administered topically 30 mins prior to TPA challenge for twice weekly over 2 weeks measured 6 hrs post last TPA challenge by qRT-PCR	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Synthesis of oxygenated oleanolic and ursolic acid derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties.
AID426208	Cytotoxicity against pig LLC-PK11 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1398546	Inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential in human HT-29 cells after 3 hrs by JC-1 staining based fluorescence assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID444763	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes.
AID1459359	Inhibition of HFIP pretreated Abeta42 (unknown origin) aggregation at elongation phase at 50 uM by Thioflavin-T fluorescence assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 79, Issue:10	Semisynthesis and Structure-Activity Studies of Uncarinic Acid C Isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla as a Specific Inhibitor of the Nucleation Phase in Amyloid β42 Aggregation.
AID347889	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Flavanones from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica.
AID687807	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as complex-1 dependent state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using pyruvate and malate as substrate at 1.6 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID620696	Agonist activity at human recombinant PPARalpha expressed in HepG2 cells assessed as binding of activated PPARalpha to the PPRE at 20 uM by ELISA-based assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID402596	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells	2004	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from Acridocarpus vivy from the Madagascar rain forest.
AID1647185	Effect on locomotory activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as change in mean speed at 14 to 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage measured for 5 mins by open field test
AID355884	Enhancement of neurite outgrowth in rat PC12D cells up to 30 uM in absence of nerve growth factor	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Sterol and triterpenoid constituents of Verbena littoralis with NGF-potentiating activity.
AID1424329	Cytotoxicity in human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID1297387	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as appearance of flagella at 50 uM after 2 hrs by scanning electron microscopic analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1628352	Cytotoxicity against human FADU cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID1647485	Noncompetitive inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) assessed as decrease in p-nitrophenolate formation using using pNPP as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 02-28, Volume: 83, Issue:2	Stilbenes with Potent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B Inhibitory Activity from the Roots of
AID409689	Inhibition of human recombinant LAR	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: new inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities.
AID687792	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate at 1.6 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1373189	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (unknown origin) using PNP-G as substrate measured for 15 mins by spectrophotometry	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.
AID333229	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 by microplate Alamar blue assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 67, Issue:9	Constituents of Senecio chionophilus with potential antitubercular activity.
AID1250814	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biofunctional evaluation of novel pentacyclic triterpenes bearing O-[4-(1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-butyryl moiety as antiproliferative agents.
AID354455	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human HOG.R5 cells after 4 days	2004	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6	New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID1612299	Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase in rat H42E cells at MNTD using glucose-6-phosphate as substrate preincubated overnight followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins relative to control	2018	Journal of natural products, 10-26, Volume: 81, Issue:10	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from the Root Bark Extract of Myrianthus arboreus, a Species Used Traditionally to Treat Type-2 Diabetes.
AID1488709	Cytotoxic activity against human QSG7701 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of novel quinoline and oxadiazole derivatives of ursolic acid.
AID1457638	Anticancer activity against human HT1080 cells assessed as vacuole formation at 20 uM after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopic analysis	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID687949	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in complex-1 dependent state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using pyruvate and malate as substrate at 1.6 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1305429	Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for human erythrocytes to MIC for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID1617776	Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal His-tagged 15-LOX2 expressed in Escherichia coli using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric ion oxidation-xylenol orange as	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID1250815	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biofunctional evaluation of novel pentacyclic triterpenes bearing O-[4-(1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-butyryl moiety as antiproliferative agents.
AID1888107	Radiosensitizing activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell survival fractions at 5 uM pretreated for 24 hrs followed by exposure to 4 to 8 Gy gamma irradiation and measured after 2 weeks by crystal violet staining based analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors.
AID655106	Cell cycle arrest in human AGS cells assessed as accumulation at G2/M phase cells at 20.6 uM after 48 hrs by flow cytometry (Rvb = 35.37 +/- 3.73%)	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1297379	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as parasite viability at 100 uM after 24 hrs by trypan blue dye based hemocytometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1457630	Anticancer activity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID697010	Inhibition of reductase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human recombinant AKR1B1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as assessed as pyridine-3-aldehyde reduction	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID391574	Antiproliferative activity against mouse +SA mammary epithelial cells after 4 days by MTT assay	2008	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 71, Issue:10	Antiproliferative triterpenes from Melaleuca ericifolia.
AID1297397	Cytotoxicity against HMVII cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1297400	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1201590	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 assessed as growth inhibition at 100 uM after 24 hrs by turbidimetric analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID1443719	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by neutral red assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Cytotoxic dammarane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Viburnum sambucinum.
AID1370899	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2 cells to IC50 for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2
AID378287	Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human H9 cells	2000	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12	Anti-AIDS agents 38. Anti-HIV activity of 3-O-acyl ursolic acid derivatives.
AID697020	Selectivity ratio of Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 W220Y mutant to Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID1770387	Antiproliferative activity against human CAPAN-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by colorimetric MTS viability assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1161581	Inhibition of HIV1 gp41-induced cell-cell fusion between viral envelope expressing human HL2/3 cells to CD4/CCR5 receptor expressing TZM-bl cells after 6 to 8 hrs by luciferase assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-11, Volume: 57, Issue:17	Conjugation of a nonspecific antiviral sapogenin with a specific HIV fusion inhibitor: a promising strategy for discovering new antiviral therapeutics.
AID697011	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human recombinant AKR1B1 to IC50 for human AKR1B10	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID1770395	Antiproliferative activity against human Z138 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by real-time IncuCyte proliferation analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1866121	Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production incubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation for 20 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy-
AID1770430	Antibacterial activity against Listeria innocua LMG11387 assessed as growth inhibition after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1398547	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID697012	Competitive inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as NADP+-linked geraniol oxidation	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID402404	Ratio of IC50 for COX2 to IC50 for COX1	1998	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 61, Issue:10	Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AID1325406	Antitumor activity against human PANC1 cells xenografted in non-obese diabetic DB17 SCID mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 50 mg/kg, po administered daily for 4 weeks	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID1770427	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC65385 assessed as growth inhibition after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID687938	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in state 3 respiration rate using pyruvate and malate as substrate in presence ADP at 50 to 200 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1416101	Cytotoxicity against human SPCA2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID1446608	Inhibition of GST-tagged PTP1B (1 to 321 residues) (unknown origin) using p-NPP as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Phloroglucinol Derivatives with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activities from Eugenia jambolana Seeds.
AID1431437	Cytotoxicity against human 8505C cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations.
AID587673	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia.
AID687941	Antioxidant activity in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as reduction in H2O2 production at 1.6 ng/mL by Amplex red based fluorimetric analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1439505	Antiparasitic activity against Setaria cervi	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 129	Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies.
AID631692	Induction of eryptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at >= 5 uM after 48 hrs by fluo-3/AM-fluorescence-based FACS analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID1474812	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	New derivatives of ursolic acid through the biotransformation by Bacillus megaterium CGMCC 1.1741 as inhibitors on nitric oxide production.
AID687797	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as ratio of respiratory rate in presence of ADP and cytochrome C to respiratory rate in presence of ADP using pyruvate and malate as substrate (Rvb = 1.6+/-0.2)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID697019	Selectivity ratio of Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 Q303S mutant to Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID687933	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1201591	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as growth inhibition at 100 uM after 24 hrs by turbidimetric analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID1331559	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 spheroids expressing CTR5 gene assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 96 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescence viability assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel A-ring cleaved ursolic acid derivatives in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
AID1055972	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) assessed as p-nitrophenol release from pNPP substrate after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2013	Journal of natural products, Nov-22, Volume: 76, Issue:11	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their insulin mimetic activity.
AID1325395	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID620701	Hypolipidemic activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in triglyceride level at 80 uM relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1297392	Cytotoxicity against HMVII cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 50 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID318601	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells assessed as concentration required for 50% inhibition	2008	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 71, Issue:3	Antineoplastic agents. 536. New sources of naturally occurring cancer cell growth inhibitors from marine organisms, terrestrial plants, and microorganisms(1a,).
AID528288	Antiproliferative activity against human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells after 24 to 72 hrs SRB assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1436584	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID528305	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as caspase 8-mediated Bid protein cleavage at 30 to 40 uM by Western blot analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1696163	Inhibition of wild type human HIS6-tagged PTP1B (1 to 400 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS cells using p-NPP substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed dby substrate addition and measured after 20 mins	2020	Journal of natural products, 07-24, Volume: 83, Issue:7	Hydroxy-
AID1777360	Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 NCCP43326 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation at 25 ug/ml treated with compound for 1 hr post-infection followed by drug wash-out and measured at 72 hrs post-infectio	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 45	Potent antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa, Galla rhois, and their components against SARS-CoV-2.
AID729839	Inhibition of TCPTP (unknown origin) assessed as decrease in p-nitrophenol production from pNPP substrate after 30 mins by HTS7000 bioassay reader analysis	2013	Journal of natural products, Feb-22, Volume: 76, Issue:2	Sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Curcuma heyneana.
AID1127100	Antagonist activity at human His6-tagged RORgamma ligand binding domain (262 to 507 aa) assessed as inhibition of SRC1-4 co-activator peptide recruitment by luminescence-based AlphaScreen assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 78	Discovery of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide derivatives as new RORγ inhibitors using virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1201612	Downregulation of mmgD gene expression in Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID1414761	Cytotoxicity activity against human A375 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Synthesis and Discovery Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Compounds Derived from the Natural Triterpenoic Acids.
AID763939	Growth inhibition of human A549 cells assessed as dead cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1443717	Cytotoxicity against human Lu1 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by neutral red assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Cytotoxic dammarane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Viburnum sambucinum.
AID1612304	Activation of Akt in rat H42E cells assessed as increase in ratio of phosphorylated Akt to total AKt level at MNTD after 18 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2018	Journal of natural products, 10-26, Volume: 81, Issue:10	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from the Root Bark Extract of Myrianthus arboreus, a Species Used Traditionally to Treat Type-2 Diabetes.
AID1295390	Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 incubated under low oxygen conditions after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 24, Issue:11	Antiplasmodial phloroglucinol derivatives from Syncarpia glomulifera.
AID249489	Edema ratio expressed as weight of edematous leg to 100/weight of normal leg in mice upon injection of 300 uM compound preincubated with 1 ug phospholipase A2 of Synovial fluid at 37 C for 1 hr into the mice foot pads	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID528301	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as PARP cleavage by Western blot analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1387080	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B using pNPP as substrate assessed as residual activity after 30 mins by spectrometric method	2018	Journal of natural products, 09-28, Volume: 81, Issue:9	Dihydrochalcone Glucosides from the Subaerial Parts of Thonningia sanguinea and Their in Vitro PTP1B Inhibitory Activities.
AID1647192	Cognitive enhancing effect in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in escape latency time to find removed platform position at 28 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured on 5th day b
AID444762	Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay relative to litocholic acid	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes.
AID687534	Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, po after 3 hrs by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID612168	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B assessed as p-nitorphenol production after 30 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	New 5-deoxyflavonoids and their inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity.
AID426212	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1464901	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B using pNPP as substrate after 30 mins	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 27, Issue:22	PTP1B inhibitors from the seeds of Iris sanguinea and their insulin mimetic activities via AMPK and ACC phosphorylation.
AID1653724	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Investigating the effect of radiosensitizer for Ursolic Acid and Kamolonol Acetate ‌ on HCT-116 cell line.
AID1436614	Inhibition of mTOR in human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in P70S6K phosphorylation at Thr389-residue up to 80 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID595316	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at G2/M phase at 25 uM after 48 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID334271	Induction of melanogenesis in mouse B16 2F2 cells assessed as intracellular melanin content up to 10 uM after 3 days	2002	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 65, Issue:5	Differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing activities by pentacyclic triterpenes on a mouse melanoma cell line.
AID1459360	Inhibition of HFIP pretreated Abeta42 (unknown origin) aggregation at nucleation phase at 50 uM by Thioflavin-T fluorescence assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 79, Issue:10	Semisynthesis and Structure-Activity Studies of Uncarinic Acid C Isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla as a Specific Inhibitor of the Nucleation Phase in Amyloid β42 Aggregation.
AID763928	Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID241513	In vitro inhibitory concentration against phospholipase A2 of Naja melanoleuca venom	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID603652	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives.
AID1290011	Cytotoxicity against human FR2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1370896	Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in human erythrocytes
AID1290010	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1301469	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B assessed as hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate at 5 uM after 30 mins relative to control	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Bioactive Constituents of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Licorice): Discovery of the Effective Components of a Traditional Herbal Medicine.
AID528295	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as chromatin condensation at 30 to 40 uM after 24 hrs by Hoechst 33258 staining	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID687805	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as ratio of respiratory rate in presence of ADP and cytochrome c to respiratory rate in presence of ADP using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate (Rvb = 1.3+/-0.	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1617780	Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells assessed as decrease in PGE2 formation using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID1431432	Cytotoxicity against human 518A2 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations.
AID600540	Effect on Bcl2 expression in human HL60 cells by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID621326	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of acyl-CoA synthetase mRNA expression at 5 to 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1647184	Effect on locomotory activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as change in number of line crossing at 14 to 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage measured for 5 mins by open field test
AID1654053	Inhibition of human PTP1B expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells using PNPP as substate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate additon and measured after 15 mins
AID600537	Inhibition of HDAC6 in human HL60 cells at 5 to 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID528290	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as increase in sub-G1 DNA content after 24 hrs by flow cytometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1325411	Toxicity in non-obese diabetic DB17 SCID mouse xenografted with human PANC1 cells assessed as change in body weight at 50 mg/kg, po administered daily for 4 weeks	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID1231482	Mixed-competitive inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using p-NPP as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins by Lineweaver-Burk/Dixon plot analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13	Selaginellin and biflavonoids as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from Selaginella tamariscina and their glucose uptake stimulatory effects.
AID664366	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells at 100 uM after 8 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Journal of natural products, Apr-27, Volume: 75, Issue:4	Bryonolic acid transcriptional control of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes in macrophages in vitro and in vivo.
AID1331557	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H322 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Blue cell viability assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel A-ring cleaved ursolic acid derivatives in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
AID445607	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors isolated from Morus bombycis.
AID1668305	Cytotoxicity against human BV2 cells assessed as survival rate at 500 ug/ml	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 30, Issue:12	Betulin isolated from Pyrola incarnata Fisch. inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation with the guidance of computer-aided drug design.
AID600532	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as PARP cleavage by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID320724	Inhibition of beta-hematin formation	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 16, Issue:2	Pharmacomodulation on the 3-acetylursolic acid skeleton: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N-{3-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazinyl]propyl}-3-O-acetylursolamide derivatives as antimalarial agents.
AID655100	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID763937	Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells assessed as dead cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1202121	Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
AID620703	Hypolipidemic activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cholesterol level at 20 uM by fluorescence-based method relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1414765	Cytotoxicity activity against mouse LLC cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Synthesis and Discovery Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Compounds Derived from the Natural Triterpenoic Acids.
AID1484037	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B using pNPP as substrate at 10 uM after 30 mins relative to control	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Glycybridins A-K, Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra.
AID458552	Inhibition of human recombinant 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as partial reduction of cortisone to cortisol conversion at 1.5 uM by scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches.
AID1305430	Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for human erythrocytes to MIC for Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID467755	Cytotoxicity against human tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells by WST-1 assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and PTP1B inhibitory activities from Erythrina abyssinica.
AID631689	Induction of eryptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis-mediated hemoglobin release at 1 uM after 48 hrs by photometric analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID600534	Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID1290004	Cytotoxicity against human FR2 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID346799	Antiproliferative activity against human BGC823 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	The synthesis of ursolic acid derivatives with cytotoxic activity and the investigation of their preliminary mechanism of action.
AID1888113	Radiosensitizing activity against human HeLa cells assessed as quasi-threshold dose at 5 uM pretreated for 24 hrs followed by exposure to 2 to 8 Gy gamma irradiation and measured after 2 weeks by crystal violet staining based analysis (Rvb = 1.72 Gy)	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors.
AID1436603	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as downregulation of procaspase-3 expression after 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID638451	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells by CCK assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Inhibitory constituents of Nardostachys chinensis on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
AID631690	Induction of eryptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane at >= 5 uM after 48 hrs using Annexin V-FITC staining by confocal laser scanning microscopy	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID1612306	Activation of GSK3 phosphorylation in human HepG2 cells at MNTD after 18 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2018	Journal of natural products, 10-26, Volume: 81, Issue:10	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from the Root Bark Extract of Myrianthus arboreus, a Species Used Traditionally to Treat Type-2 Diabetes.
AID1153782	Cytotoxicity against rat RBL2H3 cells by MTT assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph-1)-targeted bone anabolic agents for osteoporosis.
AID1424327	Cytotoxicity in human AGS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID437579	Induction of AMPK phosphorylation in human HepG2 cells at 10 uM by Western blot analysis in presence of 33 mM glucose	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID1773663	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase at 100 uM using pNPG as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 35 mins by microplate photometric method	2021	Journal of natural products, 09-24, Volume: 84, Issue:9	Dual High-Resolution α-Glucosidase and PTP1B Inhibition Profiling Combined with HPLC-PDA-HRMS-SPE-NMR Analysis for the Identification of Potentially Antidiabetic Chromene Meroterpenoids from
AID1647191	Cognitive enhancing effect in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in escape latency time to find removed platform position at 14 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured on 5th day b
AID655102	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID697017	Selectivity ratio of Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 K125L mutant to Ki for N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID1453624	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 30 mins	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-15, Volume: 25, Issue:14	Screening for bioactive natural products from a 67-compound library of Glycyrrhiza inflata.
AID1647200	Neuroprotective activity in orally dosed amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as increase in Iba1 expression administered via gavage by DAPI staining based immunohistochemical analysis
AID437576	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell survival at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID1297391	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis TV-LACM2R clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as reduction in parasite viability at 12.5 uM after 24 hrs by trypan blue dye based hemocytometry in presence of metronidazole	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1435530	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-N87 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus.
AID357254	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028	2002	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12	Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies.
AID1728066	Activation of AMPK in human Huh-7 cells assessed as increase in AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 residue at 10 uM measured after 12 hrs by Western blot analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 209	Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of saponin derivatives of δ-oleanolic acid.
AID402402	Inhibition of COX2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis after 10 mins of preincubation	1998	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 61, Issue:10	Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AID1102317	Antifeedant activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Spodoptera litura reared on castor leaves assessed as decrease in food consumption at 100 ug/cm2 after 48 hr by no-choice leaf disk assay relative to untreated control	2003	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Antifeedant activity of some pentacyclic triterpene acids and their fatty acid ester analogues.
AID1398548	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID697061	Inhibition of chicken liver FASN ketoreductase activity	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16	The lipogenesis pathway as a cancer target.
AID687940	Antioxidant activity in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as reduction in H2O2 production at 5 ng/mL by Amplex red based fluorimetric analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1647195	Cognitive enhancing effect in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in time to reach the target quadrants at 14 to 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured on 6th day by Morris wate
AID458318	Inhibition of human recombinant 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction of cortisone to cortisol conversion by scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches.
AID620697	Binding affinity to histidine-tagged human PPARalpha-LBD assessed as recruitment of co-activator peptide fluorescein-labeled PGC1alpha after 2 hrs by TR-FRET assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID333387	Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen CL2 by microdilution method	2004	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 67, Issue:10	Triterpenoids from Brazilian Ilex species and their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity.
AID1436587	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID1624911	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B using pNPP as substrate measured after 30 mins	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6	Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of novel allyl-retrochalcones as a new class of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors.
AID1297398	Cytotoxicity against HMVII cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID595314	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at G0/G1 phase at 25 uM after 48 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID528287	Antiproliferative activity against human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells at >= 30 uM SRB assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID467757	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by WST-1 assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and PTP1B inhibitory activities from Erythrina abyssinica.
AID1515734	Cytotoxicity against human K562/ADR cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID158766	Inhibitory activity against group II Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Vipera russelli russelli venom	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-16, Volume: 14, Issue:14	Novel delta2-isoxazolines as group II phospholipase A2 inhibitors.
AID763940	Growth inhibition of human FR2 cells assessed as dead cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID402618	Inhibition of DNA polymerase beta lyase activity	2004	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	A new ursane triterpene from Monochaetum vulcanicum that inhibits DNA polymerase beta lyase.
AID1457636	Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as vacuole formation at 20 uM after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopic analysis	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID606484	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 after 7 days by microplate alamar blue assay	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Antituberculosis cycloartane triterpenoids from Radermachera boniana.
AID320712	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FcB1 after 24 hrs	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 16, Issue:2	Pharmacomodulation on the 3-acetylursolic acid skeleton: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N-{3-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazinyl]propyl}-3-O-acetylursolamide derivatives as antimalarial agents.
AID1436591	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as live cells at 80 uM after 24 hrs by Annexin V-PE/7AAD staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 90.9%)	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID528291	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as increase in sub-G1 DNA content at 10 ug/ml after 24 hrs by flow cytometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID600533	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as increase in Bax expression by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID380764	Inhibition of rat DNA polymerase in presence of bovine serum albumin	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	Bioactive triterpenoids from Salvia species.
AID1647188	Cognitive enhancing effect in orally dosed C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in mistake time to find removed platform position measured on 4th day by Barnes maze test
AID1246452	Antiinflammatory activity in IRC mouse assessed as inhibition of TPA-induced IL-23 mRNA expression in epidermis at 2 umol administered topically 30 mins prior to TPA challenge for twice weekly over 2 weeks measured 6 hrs post last TPA challenge by qRT-PCR	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Synthesis of oxygenated oleanolic and ursolic acid derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties.
AID204562	The concentration required to inhibit complement mediated hemolysis of sensitized sheep RBC	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-07, Volume: 13, Issue:7	Synthesis of low molecular weight compounds with complement inhibition activity.
AID1770428	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC47076 assessed as growth inhibition after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID621323	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of PPARalpha mRNA expression at 5 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1436582	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells at 2.5 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID354456	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HOG.R5 cells to IC50 for HIV1 3B	2004	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6	New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID689295	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel ursolic acid heterocyclic derivatives with improved abilities of antiproliferation and induction of p53, p21waf1 and NOXA in pancreatic cancer cells.
AID1612301	Activation of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase in human HepG2 cells at MNTD using [U-14C]UDP glucose as substrate preincubated for 18 hrs followed by insulin stimulation and measured after 15 mins by beta-counting method relative to control	2018	Journal of natural products, 10-26, Volume: 81, Issue:10	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from the Root Bark Extract of Myrianthus arboreus, a Species Used Traditionally to Treat Type-2 Diabetes.
AID1770393	Antiproliferative activity against human HL-60 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by real-time IncuCyte proliferation analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1190333	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate	2015	Journal of natural products, Jan-23, Volume: 78, Issue:1	Insulin-mimetic selaginellins from Selaginella tamariscina with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity.
AID1647190	Effect on locomotory activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as change in mean speed of swimming at 14 to 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage by Morris water maze test
AID615395	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human recombinant CDC25B to IC50 for PTP1B	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID587676	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia.
AID691860	Cytotoxicity against human GES-1 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Synthesis of [3β-acetoxy-urs-12-en-28-oyl]-1-monoglyceride and investigation on its anti tumor effects against BGC-823.
AID249491	Edema ratio expressed as weight of edematous leg to 100/weight of normal leg in mice upon injection of 300 uM compound pre-incubated with 1 ug phospholipase A2 of Naja melanoleuca at 37 degree C for 1 h into mice foot pads	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID1696161	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase using pNPG as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition after 20 mins	2020	Journal of natural products, 07-24, Volume: 83, Issue:7	Hydroxy-
AID687935	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as state 3 respiratory rate using pyruvate and malate as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1500873	Inhibition of recombinant human CETP at 10 uM using fluorescent cholesteryl containing HDL after 3 hrs by fluorescence assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 139	Discovery of pentacyclic triterpene 3β-ester derivatives as a new class of cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors.
AID1153780	Inhibition of TPH-1-mediated serotonin biosynthesis in rat RBL2H3 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by RP-HPLC analysis relative to control	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph-1)-targeted bone anabolic agents for osteoporosis.
AID620695	Agonist activity at human recombinant PPARalpha expressed in HepG2 cells co-transfected with pGL3-PPRE3-TK-luc reporter assessed as beta-galactosidase activity at 80 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase based transactivation assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1401985	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 by BACTEC-460 radiometric susceptibility assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of triterpeni≿ A-ring azepanes.
AID1696162	Inhibition of wild type human HIS6-tagged PTP1B (1 to 400 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS cells using p-NPP substrate at 0.38 to 1 mM preincubated for 10 mins followed dby substrate addition and measured after 20 mins relative	2020	Journal of natural products, 07-24, Volume: 83, Issue:7	Hydroxy-
AID489306	Antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 in stationary phase culture at pH 5.8 up to 200 ug/ml after 3 days followed by washout from day 4 to week 4 by microbroth dilution method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14	In vitro antituberculosis activities of the constituents isolated from Haloxylon salicornicum.
AID1888104	Inhibition of recombinant human SENP1 catalytic domain at 2 uM using RanGAP1 as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by Western blot analysis relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors.
AID687930	Effect on basal respiration rate in Wistar rat heart mitochondrial respiratory chain using pyruvate and malate as substrate at 0.4 to 1.2 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID693239	Growth inhibition of human Bcap37 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID1777362	Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 NCCP43326 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in spike protein production at 1 to 25 ug/ml cells were infected with virus for 1 hr followed by wash-out period and later treated with compo	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 45	Potent antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa, Galla rhois, and their components against SARS-CoV-2.
AID1866140	Inhibition of human COX-2 at 17.5 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate by colorimetric analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy-
AID693241	Antiproliferative activity against human MGC803 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID402403	Inhibition of COX1-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis 10 mins of preincubation	1998	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 61, Issue:10	Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AID437582	Induction of glucose uptake in human HepG2 cells at 10 uM in presence of 33 mM 2-[14C]-DOG by scintillation counting	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID402092	Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human H9 cells after 4 days	1998	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids.
AID538217	Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of FMLP/CB-induced elastase release	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1398544	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID763941	Growth inhibition of human A549 cells assessed as dead cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1290002	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1915606	Inhibition of human carboxylesterase using 4-benzoyl-N-butyl-1,8-naphthalimide as substrate by fluorescence based assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210	Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry.
AID337723	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
AID311143	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for mouse J774 cells to IC50 for Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID356479	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells by Griess method	2003	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 66, Issue:9	Saponins from Cussonia bancoensis and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.
AID719063	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24	New diterpene furanoids from the Antarctic lichen Huea sp.
AID241486	In vitro inhibitory concentration against phospholipase A2 of Echis carinatus venom	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID687535	Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, po after 5 hrs by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID1540637	Inhibition of human DNA ligase 1 using 52-mer DNA/25-mer DNA/27-mer DNA as substrate by fluorescence assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Recent advances in the targeting of human DNA ligase I as a potential new strategy for cancer treatment.
AID1373190	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (unknown origin) using PNP-G as substrate by Dixon plot analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.
AID689293	Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel ursolic acid heterocyclic derivatives with improved abilities of antiproliferation and induction of p53, p21waf1 and NOXA in pancreatic cancer cells.
AID697016	Competitive inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 W220Y mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as NADP+-linked geraniol oxidation	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID1424319	Cytotoxicity in human HELF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID655099	Cytotoxicity against human AGS cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID598810	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 30 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of bromo-retrochalcone derivatives as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors.
AID1127096	Antagonist activity at Gal4-fused RORgamma (unknown origin) expressed in 293T cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 78	Discovery of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide derivatives as new RORγ inhibitors using virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID603653	Cytotoxicity against human HELF cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives.
AID437577	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell survival at 20 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID1436586	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells at 40 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID631659	Induction of eryptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as stimulation of ceramide formation at 10 uM after 48 hrs by FITC-based flow cytometry	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID697013	Competitive inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 K125L mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as NADP+-linked geraniol oxidation	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID364069	Inhibition of aromatase in human placental microsomes assessed as tritiated water release after 15 mins using [1-beta, 3H]androstenedione as substrate by scintillation counting	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 43, Issue:9	Evaluation of ursolic acid isolated from Ilex paraguariensis and derivatives on aromatase inhibition.
AID600538	Inhibition of HDAC4 in human HL60 cells at 5 to 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID1272458	Cytotoxicity against human FADU cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates.
AID1305428	Toxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis after 1 hr by spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID1127099	Antagonist activity at full-length RORgamma (unknown origin) expressed in 293T cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 78	Discovery of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide derivatives as new RORγ inhibitors using virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1647197	Neuroprotective activity in amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as reduction in amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide deposition at 14 to 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage by DAPI staining based immunohistoc
AID977600	pIC50 values for sodium fluorescein (10 uM) uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID424242	Inhibition of PTP1B	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory effects of depsidone and pseudodepsidone metabolites from the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum.
AID1424330	Cytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID1401966	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of triterpeni≿ A-ring azepanes.
AID1457640	Anticancer activity against human SK-N-MC cells assessed as vacuole formation at 20 uM after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopic analysis	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis.
AID1689278	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase using PNPG as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 189	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID355883	Enhancement of nerve growth factor-stimulated neurite outgrowth in rat PC12D cells at 1 to 3 uM	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Sterol and triterpenoid constituents of Verbena littoralis with NGF-potentiating activity.
AID528306	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as AIF translocation into nucleus at 30 to 40 uM by Western blot analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID693240	Growth inhibition of mouse NIH/3T3 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID1290007	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1431434	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations.
AID445608	Activity at human recombinant PTP1B	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors isolated from Morus bombycis.
AID1392315	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 24 hrs by MTT assay
AID1612772	Binding affinity to recombinant Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)) hemagglutinin by SPR assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Synthesis, structure activity relationship and in vitro anti-influenza virus activity of novel polyphenol-pentacyclic triterpene conjugates.
AID1474813	Pro-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as LPS-induced NO production at 0.625 to 60 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	New derivatives of ursolic acid through the biotransformation by Bacillus megaterium CGMCC 1.1741 as inhibitors on nitric oxide production.
AID1647189	Cognitive enhancing effect in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in mistake time to find removed platform position at 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured on 4th day by Barne
AID1647484	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) assessed as decrease in p-nitrophenolate formation using using pNPP as substrate by Dixon plot analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 02-28, Volume: 83, Issue:2	Stilbenes with Potent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B Inhibitory Activity from the Roots of
AID1773665	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B (1 to 322 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli at 100 uM using pNPP as substrate preincubated with substrate for 10 mins followed by enzyme addition and measured for 10 mins by absorbance based analysis	2021	Journal of natural products, 09-24, Volume: 84, Issue:9	Dual High-Resolution α-Glucosidase and PTP1B Inhibition Profiling Combined with HPLC-PDA-HRMS-SPE-NMR Analysis for the Identification of Potentially Antidiabetic Chromene Meroterpenoids from
AID1246450	Antiinflammatory activity in IRC mouse assessed as inhibition of TPA-induced IL-1beta mRNA expression in epidermis at 2 umol administered topically 30 mins prior to TPA challenge for twice weekly over 2 weeks measured 6 hrs post last TPA challenge by qRT-	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Synthesis of oxygenated oleanolic and ursolic acid derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties.
AID615387	Inhibition of TCPTP	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID275125	Inhibition of activation of human complement	2007	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 70, Issue:1	9,19-cyclolanostane derivatives from the roots of Actaea pachypoda.
AID492140	Antioxidant activity assessed as formazan formation induced absorbance changes at 25 ppm at 570 nm at 37 degC for 6 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Journal of natural products, Jul-23, Volume: 73, Issue:7	An efficient and economical MTT assay for determining the antioxidant activity of plant natural product extracts and pure compounds.
AID1653730	Down regulation of NFKappaB1 gene expression in human HCT116 cells at 35 uM under 2 Gy irradiation by RT-PCR analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Investigating the effect of radiosensitizer for Ursolic Acid and Kamolonol Acetate ‌ on HCT-116 cell line.
AID391033	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv GFP after 7 days by green fluorescent microplate assay	2008	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 71, Issue:10	Purity-activity relationships of natural products: the case of anti-TB active ursolic acid.
AID356480	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells by Griess method	2003	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 66, Issue:9	Saponins from Cussonia bancoensis and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.
AID1697440	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for inhibition of CES2A1 in human liver microsomes to IC50 for CES1A1 in human liver microsomes	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Bioactivity-Guided Discovery of Human Carboxylesterase Inhibitors from the Roots of
AID396439	Toxicity against human dermal fibroblasts	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of retinyl polyhydroxybenzoates, novel hybrid retinoid derivatives.
AID687950	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as state 3 respiratory rate using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID687795	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory rate per mg protein using pyruvate and malate as substrate (Rvb = 52 +/- 7 nmol/min)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1371010	Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation by measuring superoxide dismutase SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation for 3 mins	2017	Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4	Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa.
AID1651895	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B (1 to 321 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate incubated for 30 mins
AID437580	Induction of GSK3-beta phosphorylation in human HepG2 cells at 10 uM by Western blot analysis in presence of 33 mM glucose	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID1297401	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for HMVII cells to IC50 for metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites after 24 hrs	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1866131	Anti-inflammatory activity against TPA-induced auricular edema CD-1 mouse model assessed as inhibition of ear edema at 1 mg per ear applied immediately after TPA application and measured after 4 hrs relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy-
AID1325397	Tmax in rat at 25 mg/kg, po	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID1431433	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations.
AID1647193	Cognitive enhancing effect in C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as reduction in escape latency time to find removed platform position at 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured on 5th day b
AID377098	Cytotoxicity against human Hep G2 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Three new triterpenes from Nerium oleander and biological activity of the isolated compounds.
AID337068	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells	2003	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3	New cytotoxic lupane triterpenoids from the twigs of Coussarea paniculata.
AID489305	Antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 after 2 weeks by microbroth dilution method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14	In vitro antituberculosis activities of the constituents isolated from Haloxylon salicornicum.
AID346797	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	The synthesis of ursolic acid derivatives with cytotoxic activity and the investigation of their preliminary mechanism of action.
AID693245	Induction of apoptosis in human MGC803 cells assessed as pyknosis at 10 uM after 48 hrs by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID354453	Cytotoxicity against human HOG.R5 cells after 4 days	2004	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6	New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID1416105	Cytotoxicity against human HL7702 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID336477	Inhibition of COX2 by scintillation proximity assay	2002	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 65, Issue:11	Screening of ubiquitous plant constituents for COX-2 inhibition with a scintillation proximity based assay.
AID1488707	Cytotoxic activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of novel quinoline and oxadiazole derivatives of ursolic acid.
AID1247579	Antiviral activity against HCV psuedoparticles infected in human Huh7 cells assessed as inhibition of virus entry at 10 uM using Bright Glo reagent after 72 hrs by Luciferase reporter gene assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ring A and/or C expansion and opening echinocystic acid derivatives for anti-HCV entry inhibitors.
AID615389	Inhibition of human recombinant SHP1 in Tris buffer at pH 8 using OMPF as substrate	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID1305426	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID1777361	Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 NCCP43326 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in spike protein production at 1 to 25 ug/ml treated with compound for 1 hr post-infection followed by drug wash-out and measured at 72 hrs p	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 45	Potent antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa, Galla rhois, and their components against SARS-CoV-2.
AID1202126	Cytotoxicity against human HL7702 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
AID467756	Cytotoxicity against human adriamycin- resistant MCF7 cells by WST-1 assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and PTP1B inhibitory activities from Erythrina abyssinica.
AID655105	Cell cycle arrest in human AGS cells assessed as accumulation at S phase cells at 20.6 uM after 48 hrs by flow cytometry (Rvb = 36.56 +/- 0.36%)	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID615386	Inhibition of PTP1B using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID1424333	Cytotoxicity in human HMEC cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID1201613	Downregulation of yhdT gene expression in Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID687801	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory rate per mg protein using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate in presence of ADP (Rvb = 436+/-54 nmol/min)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1578451	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 96 hrs by SRB assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of BODIPY FL labelled triterpenoids.
AID671796	Increase in ceramide content in human skin at 0.3 to 1% administered topically after 11 days relative to vehicle treated control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Improvement by sodium dl-α-tocopheryl-6-O-phosphate treatment of moisture-retaining ability in stratum corneum through increased ceramide levels.
AID1777359	Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 NCCP43326 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation at 1 to 25 ug/ml treated with compound for 1 hr post-infection followed by drug wash-out and measured at 72 hrs post-inf	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 45	Potent antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa, Galla rhois, and their components against SARS-CoV-2.
AID391032	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 after 7 days by microplate Alamar blue assay	2008	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 71, Issue:10	Purity-activity relationships of natural products: the case of anti-TB active ursolic acid.
AID1515732	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID300493	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by sulforhodamine B assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Anti-tumor agents 255: novel glycyrrhetinic acid-dehydrozingerone conjugates as cytotoxic agents.
AID1866119	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 35 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy-
AID687946	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart mitochondria assessed as stimulation of state 2 respiration rate 7 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID595315	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at S phase at 25 uM after 48 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID1231481	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using p-NPP as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins by microplate reader analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13	Selaginellin and biflavonoids as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from Selaginella tamariscina and their glucose uptake stimulatory effects.
AID1297390	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis TV-LACM2R clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as reduction in parasite viability at 12.5 uM after 24 hrs by trypan blue dye based hemocytometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID687934	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as state 2 respiratory rate using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate at 1.6 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID395316	Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant glycosomal GAPDH expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6	Discovery of novel Trypanosoma cruzi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID750462	Antiviral activity against pseudo HCV infected in human 293T cells assessed as inhibition of HCV pseudo particles entry at 10 uM after 72 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-13, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Development of oleanane-type triterpenes as a new class of HCV entry inhibitors.
AID621324	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of PPARalpha mRNA expression at 20 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID621330	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as down-regulation of SCD1 mRNA expression at 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1297386	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as undulating membrane at 50 uM after 2 hrs by scanning electron microscopic analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1456323	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B (1 to 322 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli using pNPP as substrate by Dixon plot analysis
AID1888105	Inhibition of recombinant human SENP1 catalytic domain using RanGAP1 as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by Western blot analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors.
AID1297394	Cytotoxicity against HMVII cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID697015	Competitive inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 Q303S mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as NADP+-linked geraniol oxidation	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID1243946	Cytotoxicity against human 8505C cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101	Incorporation of a Michael acceptor enhances the antitumor activity of triterpenoic acids.
AID1424328	Cytotoxicity in human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID1446873	Inhibition of wild-type HIV1 RT associated RNA dependent DNA polymerase activity using poly(A) template/oligo(dT) primer after 30 mins by picogreen staining based method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 130	Natural product-inspired esters and amides of ferulic and caffeic acid as dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID538214	Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID687796	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory rate per mg protein using pyruvate and malate as substrate in presence of ADP (Rvb = 389+/-40 nmol/min)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID615393	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for TCPTP to IC50 for PTP1B	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID538215	Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID377094	Antiinflammatory activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of IL-1-alpha-induced ICAM1 expression treated after 1 hr before IL1alpha challenge	2005	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Three new triterpenes from Nerium oleander and biological activity of the isolated compounds.
AID1414762	Cytotoxicity activity against mouse B16F10 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Synthesis and Discovery Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Compounds Derived from the Natural Triterpenoic Acids.
AID1436585	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells at 20 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID687791	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in state 2 respiratory rate per mg protein using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate at 5 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID763926	Growth inhibition of human THP1 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID595306	Antiproliferative activity against rat HSC-T6 cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID311142	Antitrypanosomal activity against South American Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes at 80.4 uM	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID621329	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as effect on LPL mRNA expression at 5 to 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID687541	Inhibition of human recombinant LMW-PTP2 expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 1 hr	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID621322	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of FATP4 mRNA expression at 20 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1604321	Antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Recent progress on anti-Toxoplasma drugs discovery: Design, synthesis and screening.
AID603649	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives.
AID300494	Cytotoxicity against human KB-VIN cells by sulforhodamine B assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Anti-tumor agents 255: novel glycyrrhetinic acid-dehydrozingerone conjugates as cytotoxic agents.
AID1201610	Upregulation of ykuD gene expression in Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID693238	Growth inhibition of human MGC803 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID1770394	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by real-time IncuCyte proliferation analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1491547	Inhibition of full-length USP7 (unknown origin) using Ub-AMC as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 50 mins	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-25, Volume: 61, Issue:2	Chemical Approaches to Intervening in Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7 (USP7) Function for Oncology and Immune Oncology Therapies.
AID1628358	Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID346957	Antiproliferative activity against human BGC823 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	The synthesis of ursolic acid derivatives with cytotoxic activity and the investigation of their preliminary mechanism of action.
AID1246449	Antiinflammatory activity in IRC mouse assessed as inhibition of TPA-induced IL-1alpha mRNA expression in epidermis at 2 umol administered topically 30 mins prior to TPA challenge for twice weekly over 2 weeks measured 6 hrs post last TPA challenge by qRT	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Synthesis of oxygenated oleanolic and ursolic acid derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties.
AID1436583	Growth inhibition of human HL60 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID1668310	Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in human BV2 cells at 250 ug/ml preincubated for 4 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 30, Issue:12	Betulin isolated from Pyrola incarnata Fisch. inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation with the guidance of computer-aided drug design.
AID620702	Hypolipidemic activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cholesterol level at 5 uM by fluorescence-based method relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID655104	Cell cycle arrest in human AGS cells assessed as accumulation at G0/G1 phase cells at 20.6 uM after 48 hrs by flow cytometry (Rvb = 28.07 +/- 3.52%)	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID687538	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP-1B expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate at 10 to 50 uM after 1 hr	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID357519	Cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells by microassay
AID426207	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID691859	Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Synthesis of [3β-acetoxy-urs-12-en-28-oyl]-1-monoglyceride and investigation on its anti tumor effects against BGC-823.
AID1370898	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID600530	Inhibition of HDAC1 in human HL60 cells at 5 to 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID1515729	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID1436605	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as PARP cleavage up to 80 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Discovery of FZU-03,010 as a self-assembling anticancer amphiphile for acute myeloid leukemia.
AID763942	Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells assessed as dead cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1293593	Inhibition of human type 2A secretory PLA2 using diheptanoyl thio-PC as substrate after 15 mins by ELISA	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 112	Synthesis of new secretory phospholipase A2-inhibitory indole containing isoxazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
AID1594654	Inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF1alpha transcriptional activity in human Hep3B cells after 24 hrs in hypoxic condition by HRE-dependent dual luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 29, Issue:12	Synthesis and evaluation of the HIF-1α inhibitory activities of novel ursolic acid tetrazole derivatives.
AID1664594	Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells in nutrient-deprived medium	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 30, Issue:16	Chemical constituents of Callistemon citrinus from Egypt and their antiausterity activity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line.
AID1431436	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations.
AID693250	Induction of apoptosis in human MGC803 cells assessed as DNA fragmentation at 10 uM after 24 hrs by TUNEL assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID729841	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) assessed as decrease in p-nitrophenol production from pNPP substrate at 25 ug/ml after 30 mins by HTS7000 bioassay reader analysis	2013	Journal of natural products, Feb-22, Volume: 76, Issue:2	Sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Curcuma heyneana.
AID687804	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory control index using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate (Rvb = 2.5+/- 0.1)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID458321	Inhibition of human recombinant 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction of cortisone to cortisol conversion at 20 uM by scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches.
AID600424	Inhibition of HIV1 protease activity	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Novel 3alpha-methoxyserrat-14-en-21beta-ol (PJ-1) and 3beta-methoxyserrat-14-en-21beta-ol (PJ-2)-curcumin, kojic acid, quercetin, and baicalein conjugates as HIV agents.
AID1616190	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Design and synthesis of pentacyclic triterpene conjugates and their use in medicinal research.
AID1416103	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID364070	Inhibition of aromatase	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 43, Issue:9	Evaluation of ursolic acid isolated from Ilex paraguariensis and derivatives on aromatase inhibition.
AID1392314	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse assessed as inhibition of para-xylene-induced ear edema at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to para-xylene challenge measured after 30 mins relative to control
AID336520	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
AID689299	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel ursolic acid heterocyclic derivatives with improved abilities of antiproliferation and induction of p53, p21waf1 and NOXA in pancreatic cancer cells.
AID528292	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as increase in sub-G1 DNA content at 20 ug/ml after 24 hrs by flow cytometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1325398	Cmax in rat at 0.5 mg/kg, iv	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer.
AID1301468	Inhibition of recombinant human PTP1B assessed as hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Bioactive Constituents of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Licorice): Discovery of the Effective Components of a Traditional Herbal Medicine.
AID1578455	Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 96 hrs by SRB assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of BODIPY FL labelled triterpenoids.
AID1398542	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:15	Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives.
AID687790	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as increase in state 2 respiratory rate using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate at 1.6 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1628351	Cytotoxicity against human 518A2 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID697060	Inhibition of chicken liver FASN	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16	The lipogenesis pathway as a cancer target.
AID1272456	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates.
AID1297399	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID620693	Agonist activity at PPARalpha in human HepG2 cells assessed as up-regulation of FATP4 mRNA expression at 80 uM by quantitative PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1290005	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID528303	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as increase in pro-apoptotic protein Bax at 30 to 40 uM by Western blot analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID691857	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Synthesis of [3β-acetoxy-urs-12-en-28-oyl]-1-monoglyceride and investigation on its anti tumor effects against BGC-823.
AID378288	Therapeutic index, IC50 for human T-lymphoid H9 cells to EC50 for HIV1 3B isolate	2000	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12	Anti-AIDS agents 38. Anti-HIV activity of 3-O-acyl ursolic acid derivatives.
AID1158457	Enhancement of GLUT4 translocation in rat L6 cells expressing pIRAP-mOrange cDNAs at 10 uM after 10 mins by fluorescence assay relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 24, Issue:14	Chemical constituents from Eucalyptus citriodora Hook leaves and their glucose transporter 4 translocation activities.
AID402091	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B in human H9 cells after 4 days by p24 antigen ELISA	1998	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1435529	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 11-23, Volume: 79, Issue:11	Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus.
AID1515728	Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID437578	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell survival at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID687802	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory rate per mg protein using succinate and amytal sodium as substrate in presence of ADP (Rvb = 606+/-108 nmol/min)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID695959	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	New prenylated isoflavonoids as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from Erythrina addisoniae.
AID1647196	Cognitive enhancing effect in orally dosed C57BL/6 mouse model of amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment assessed as increase in crossing numbers of target quadrants administered via gavage and measured on 6th day by Morris water maze t
AID1201592	Antibacterial activity against Streptomyces scabiei CGMCC4.7610246 assessed as growth inhibition at 100 uM after 36 hrs by turbidimetric analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID437575	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell survival at 5 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Palbinone and triterpenes from Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via activation of AMPK in insulin-resistant human HepG2 Cells.
AID1888114	Radiosensitizing activity against human HeLa cells assessed as radiosensitization enhancement ratio at 5 uM pretreated for 24 hrs followed by exposure to 2 to 8 Gy gamma irradiation and measured after 2 weeks by crystal violet staining based analysis (Rvb	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors.
AID402408	Increase in inhibition of COX2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis at 200 ug/ml after 10 mins of preincubation	1998	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 61, Issue:10	Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AID631691	Induction of eryptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as cell shrinkage measuring decrease in forward scatter of the cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by annexin V-fluorescence-based FACS analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID1424316	Cytotoxicity in human AGS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID1915616	Inhibition of alpha glucosidase (unknown origin) using p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside as substrate preincubated for 60 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210	Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry.
AID1373194	Mixed type inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (unknown origin) using PNP-G as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.
AID1515733	Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402/5-FU cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID376698	Inhibition of rat DNA polymerase beta at 10 ug/mL	1999	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 62, Issue:12	DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Baeckea gunniana.
AID1297381	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as inhibition of parasite growth at 50 uM after 12 to 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID620698	Binding affinity to histidine-tagged human PPARalpha-LBD by SPR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Ursolic acid is a PPAR-α agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism.
AID1414764	Cytotoxicity activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Synthesis and Discovery Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Compounds Derived from the Natural Triterpenoic Acids.
AID1465050	Inhibition of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase using starch as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins by dinitrosalicylic acid reagent based assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 27, Issue:22	Pentacyclic triterpenes as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships and the synergism with acarbose.
AID479073	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 3 days by SRB assay	2010	Journal of natural products, May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5	Cytotoxic and NF-kappaB inhibitory constituents of Artocarpus rigida.
AID1594655	Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 29, Issue:12	Synthesis and evaluation of the HIF-1α inhibitory activities of novel ursolic acid tetrazole derivatives.
AID687806	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in Wistar rat heart mitochondria assessed as respiratory control index using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrate (Rvb = 5.2+/-0.4)	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID763938	Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells assessed as dead cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1612308	Inhibition of PHD (unknown origin) expressed in mouse NIH/3T3 cells harboring HRE-driven luciferase gene assessed as transactivation of HIF1alpha after 6 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2018	Journal of natural products, 10-26, Volume: 81, Issue:10	Triterpenoid Hydroxamates as HIF Prolyl Hydrolase Inhibitors.
AID528289	Antiproliferative activity against human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as decrease in viable cells by trypan blue assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1331560	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H322 spheroids assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 96 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescence viability assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel A-ring cleaved ursolic acid derivatives in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
AID615392	Inhibition of human recombinant LAR at 20 ug/mL	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-3-(2-(2-fluorobenzyloxy) naphthalen-6-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives as novel PTP1B inhibitors.
AID357255	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90113	2002	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12	Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies.
AID683328	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate assessed as p-nitrophenol release after 30 mins	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19	Rhododendric acid A, a new ursane-type PTP1B inhibitor from the endangered plant Rhododendron brachycarpum G. Don.
AID631662	Induction of apoptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as scrambling of the cell membrane at 0.5 to 10 uM after 48 hrs using Annexin V-FITC staining by confocal laser scanning microscopy in presence of Ca2+	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID1331558	Cytotoxicity against human LKB1-positive NCI-H460 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Blue cell viability assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel A-ring cleaved ursolic acid derivatives in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
AID1201615	Upregulation of fmhB gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID377096	Cytotoxicity against human WI 38 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Three new triterpenes from Nerium oleander and biological activity of the isolated compounds.
AID1202122	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
AID1866128	Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW-Blue cells at 17.5 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 20 hrs by QUANTI-Blue assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino and 3-Hydroxy-
AID1127097	Antagonist activity at full-length RORgamma (unknown origin) expressed in 293T cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 78	Discovery of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide derivatives as new RORγ inhibitors using virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1297383	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as parasite shape disruption at 50 uM after 2 hrs by scanning electron microscopy	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID697852	Inhibition of electric eel AChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID528296	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as nuclear fragmentation at 30 to 40 uM after 24 hrs by Hoechst 33258 staining	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1201617	Upregulation of hla gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID1290003	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1424323	Cytotoxicity in human MCG823 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID409688	Inhibition of human recombinant SHP1	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: new inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities.
AID1297403	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for african green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites after 24 hrs	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1647199	Neuroprotective activity in amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced memory impairment C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as increase in number of microglia expression at 14 to 56 mg/kg, po administered via gavage by DAPI staining based immunohistochemical analy
AID1416102	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID1668311	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-1beta production in human BV2 cells at 250 ug/ml preincubated for 4 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 30, Issue:12	Betulin isolated from Pyrola incarnata Fisch. inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation with the guidance of computer-aided drug design.
AID398517	Cytotoxicity against human HOG.R5 cells	2003	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 66, Issue:2	Natural anti-HIV agents. Part IV. Anti-HIV constituents from Vatica cinerea.
AID249492	Edema ratio expressed as weight of edematous leg to 100/weight of normal leg in mice upon injection of 300 uM compound preincubated with 1 ug phospholipase A2 of Trimeresurus flavoviridis at 37 C for 1 hr into the mice foot pads	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes.
AID671761	Inhibition of SARS coronavirus nsP13 helicase activity expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta assessed inhibition of DNA unwinding activity at 10 uM by FRET assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13.
AID396460	Inhibition of elastase at 5 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of retinyl polyhydroxybenzoates, novel hybrid retinoid derivatives.
AID469220	Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase assessed as release of phosphate from glucose-1-phosphate after 25 mins	2009	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 72, Issue:8	Synthesis of 3-deoxypentacyclic triterpene derivatives as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase.
AID320725	Relative chloroquine IC50 for beta-hematin formation	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 16, Issue:2	Pharmacomodulation on the 3-acetylursolic acid skeleton: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N-{3-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazinyl]propyl}-3-O-acetylursolamide derivatives as antimalarial agents.
AID1424317	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment.
AID693248	Induction of apoptosis in human MGC803 cells assessed as condensed chromatin at 10 uM after 48 hrs by Hoechst 33258 staining	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 58	Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel ursolic acid derivatives containing an acyl piperazine moiety.
AID1180336	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B using pNPP substrate at 37 degC measured after 30 mins	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 24, Issue:15	Design, synthesis and docking study of 5-(substituted benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.
AID587675	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as growth inhibition by liquid microdilution assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Triterpenoid saponins from Symplocos lancifolia.
AID1770429	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica ATCC13076 assessed as growth inhibition after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID1272457	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates.
AID1305424	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID336519	Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells
AID631661	Induction of eryptosis in human erythrocytes assessed as phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane at 10 uM after 48 hrs using Annexin V-FITC staining by confocal laser scanning microscopy in absence of Ca2+	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by ursolic acid.
AID528300	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as caspase 3 activation at 40 uM by fluorometric protease assay relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID467753	Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B assessed as p-nitrophenol production	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and PTP1B inhibitory activities from Erythrina abyssinica.
AID1773664	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase using pNPG as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 35 mins by microplate photometric method	2021	Journal of natural products, 09-24, Volume: 84, Issue:9	Dual High-Resolution α-Glucosidase and PTP1B Inhibition Profiling Combined with HPLC-PDA-HRMS-SPE-NMR Analysis for the Identification of Potentially Antidiabetic Chromene Meroterpenoids from
AID1578454	Cytotoxicity against human FADU cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 96 hrs by SRB assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of BODIPY FL labelled triterpenoids.
AID1250813	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biofunctional evaluation of novel pentacyclic triterpenes bearing O-[4-(1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-butyryl moiety as antiproliferative agents.
AID1165541	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 40 uM by MTT assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Oct-24, Volume: 77, Issue:10	Anti-inflammatory ursane- and oleanane-type triterpenoids from Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia.
AID697009	Inhibition of reductase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as pyridine-3-aldehyde reduction	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID1102316	Antifeedant activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Spodoptera litura reared on castor leaves assessed as decrease in food consumption at 150 ug/cm2 after 48 hr by no-choice leaf disk assay relative to untreated control	2003	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Antifeedant activity of some pentacyclic triterpene acids and their fatty acid ester analogues.
AID1770391	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H460 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by colorimetric MTS viability assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID763935	Growth inhibition of human FR2 cells assessed as dead cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66	Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid-triazolyl derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID479075	Inhibition of NFkappa p65 isolated from nuclear extract of human HeLa cells assessed as blockade of binding to biotinylated consesus sequence by chemiluminescence assay	2010	Journal of natural products, May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5	Cytotoxic and NF-kappaB inhibitory constituents of Artocarpus rigida.
AID528294	Induction of apoptosis in human RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells assessed as increase in sub-G1 DNA content at 40 ug/ml after 24 hrs by flow cytometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Apoptotic action of ursolic acid isolated from Corni fructus in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.
AID1391720	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2.215 cells to IC50 for Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.215 cells assessed as inhibition of HBeAg secretion	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of seco-A-pentacyclic triterpenoids-3,4-lactone as potent non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
AID697014	Competitive inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of N-terminal 6His-tagged human AKR1B10 V301L mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as NADP+-linked geraniol oxidation	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid.
AID1418487	Inhibition of LPS binding to TLR4 in IFNgamma-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in nitric oxide production pretreated for 2 hrs followed by LPS/IFNgamma stimulation and measured after 24 hrs	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 28, Issue:22	Sentulic acid isolated from Sandoricum koetjape Merr attenuates lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma co-stimulated nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264 cells.
AID600535	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7	Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the stems of Microtropis japonica.
AID687944	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart mitochondria assessed as stimulation of state 2 respiration rate 449 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1127098	Antagonist activity at Gal4-fused RORgamma (unknown origin) expressed in 293T cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 78	Discovery of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide derivatives as new RORγ inhibitors using virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID158763	Compound (2.5 uM) was tested for edema inducing activity of group II PLA2 (1 ug) was determined in mice footpads	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-16, Volume: 14, Issue:14	Novel delta2-isoxazolines as group II phospholipase A2 inhibitors.
AID496824	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1416106	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells harboring pNF-kB-Luc assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	MedChemComm, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:7	Side chain-functionalized aniline-derived ursolic acid derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers that block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and cell proliferation.
AID1290009	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 111	Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents.
AID1070017	Inhibition of rat intestinal sucrase using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 5 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Rat intestinal sucrase inhibition of constituents from the roots of Rosa rugosa Thunb.
AID1201616	Upregulation of seaR gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at 0.5 x MIC by Q-RT-PCR analysis relative to control	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 95	Pentacyclic triterpene derivatives possessing polyhydroxyl ring A inhibit gram-positive bacteria growth by regulating metabolism and virulence genes expression.
AID1515727	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID1770388	Antiproliferative activity against human HAP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by colorimetric MTS viability assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID671764	Inhibition of HCV NS3 helicase ATP hydrolysis activity overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of inorganic phosphate release by AM/MG-based colometric analysis in the presence of M13 ssDNA	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13.
AID595311	Cell cycle arrest in rat HSC-T6 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA synthesis at S phase at 25 uM after 24 hrs	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells.
AID687942	Effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart mitochondria assessed as stimulation of state 2 respiration rate 12.6 ng/mL	2011	Journal of natural products, Jul-22, Volume: 74, Issue:7	Uncoupling and antioxidant effects of ursolic acid in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
AID1808730	Inhibition of PTP1B expression in human MCF7 cells by Western blot analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of Anti-TNBC Agents Targeting PTP1B: Total Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship,
AID402407	Increase in inhibition of COX2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis at 100 ug/ml after 10 mins of preincubation	1998	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 61, Issue:10	Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AID1243948	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101	Incorporation of a Michael acceptor enhances the antitumor activity of triterpenoic acids.
AID346800	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	The synthesis of ursolic acid derivatives with cytotoxic activity and the investigation of their preliminary mechanism of action.
AID1572577	Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs in normoxic condition by MTT assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 29, Issue:6	Design, synthesis, and screening of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents that target the HIF-1α pathway.
AID1371013	Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced elastase release at 10 ug/ml pre-incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation using MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pnitroanilide as substrate	2017	Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4	Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa.
AID1628355	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation after 96 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 119	Urea derivates of ursolic, oleanolic and maslinic acid induce apoptosis and are selective cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines.
AID1617781	Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis r	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID1666863	Inhibition of swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa HONKR at 16 ug/mL incubated for 16 to 20 hrs relative to control	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 28, Issue:5	Optimized plant compound with potent anti-biofilm activity across gram-negative species.
AID687543	Inhibition of human recombinant LAR expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 1 hr	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID1431438	Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations.
AID1697439	Inhibition of CES1A1 in human liver microsomes using D-luciferin methyl ester as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 10 mins by fluorescence assay	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Bioactivity-Guided Discovery of Human Carboxylesterase Inhibitors from the Roots of
AID1336784	Inhibition of pancreatic lipase (unknown origin) assessed as decrease in release of fatty acid from triolein incubated for 30 mins by phenolphthalein-baed titrimetric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3	Synthesis, functionalization and biological activity of arylated derivatives of (+)-estrone.
AID395317	Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote forms	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6	Discovery of novel Trypanosoma cruzi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID687544	Mixed type inhibition of human recombinant PTP-1B expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID1272460	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates.
AID1700046	Antagonist activity at human TRPV1 stably transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of capsaicin response at 25 uM preincubated for 5 mins followed by capsaicin addition by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetric method relative to control	2020	Journal of natural products, 11-25, Volume: 83, Issue:11	Discovery of a Remarkable Methyl Shift Effect in the Vanilloid Activity of Triterpene Amides.
AID1515730	Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	MedChemComm, Aug-01, Volume: 10, Issue:8	Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorouracil - oleanolic acid/ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates.
AID1770392	Antiproliferative activity against human DND41 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by real-time IncuCyte proliferation analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.
AID655103	Cell cycle arrest in human AGS cells assessed as accumulation at sub-G0/G1 phase at 20.6 uM after 48 hrs by flow cytometry (Rvb = 1.56 +/- 0.20%)	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID376695	Inhibition of rat DNA polymerase beta in presence of BSA	1999	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 62, Issue:12	DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Baeckea gunniana.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1803296	Elastase Activity Assay from Article 10.3109/14756366.2012.692086: \\Synthesis, antielastase, antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of 4-(aza substituted) methylene substituted dihydroxy coumarines.\\	2013	Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 28, Issue:4	Synthesis, antielastase, antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of 4-(aza substituted) methylene substituted dihydroxy coumarines.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	28 (1.83)	18.7374
1990's	57 (3.73)	18.2507
2000's	292 (19.11)	29.6817
2010's	873 (57.13)	24.3611
2020's	278 (18.19)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	10 (0.63%)	5.53%
Reviews	81 (5.14%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	1,486 (94.23%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phase I Clinical Trial Testing the Bioavailability of Phytonutrients, Curcumin and Ursolic Acid [NCT04421716]	Early Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-20	Completed
A Pilot Study Testing Benefits of Ursolic Acid (UA) as a Countermeasure To Myopenia and Insulin Resistance in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) [NCT05776862]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-27	Recruiting
An Open-Label Study Of Ursolic Acid For Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis [NCT03216876]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of feasibility)
Phase I Clinical Trial Testing the Synergism of Phytonutrients, Curcumin and Ursolic Acid, to Target Molecular Pathways in the Prostate [NCT04403568]	Early Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to No subjects were enrolled in this study, the PI will seek funding and revise the protocol for resubmisson at a later date)
Effect of Ursolic Acid Administration on Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Syndrome [NCT02337933]	Phase 2	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Body Mass Index
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Body Weight
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Creatinine
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Fasting Glucose
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c)
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Low Density Lipoproteins Cholesterol (LDL-c)
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Total Cholesterol
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Total Insulin Sensitivity
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Triglycerides
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Uric Acid
NCT02337933 (13) [back to overview]	Waist Circumference

Intervention	kg/m^2 (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	24.9
Placebo	32.1

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	71
Placebo	81

Intervention	mmol/L (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	0.06
Placebo	0.06

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	76
Placebo	76

Intervention	mmol/L (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	4.7
Placebo	5.7

Intervention	mmol/L (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	1.8
Placebo	1.8

Intervention	mmol/L (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	2.8
Placebo	4.3

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	120
Placebo	124

Intervention	mmol/L (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	5.2
Placebo	6.4

Intervention	index (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	4.2
Placebo	2.6

Intervention	mmol/L (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	1.8
Placebo	2.5

Intervention	µmol/L (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	249.8
Placebo	422.3

Intervention	cm (Mean)
Ursolic Acid	83
Placebo	96

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.6	1	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	3.25	1	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.05	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.79	3	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
adenine [no description available]	7.17	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.04	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.05	1	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzene [no description available]	6.93	1	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.45	2	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	2.05	1	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
choline [no description available]	7.13	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.48	2	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.43	2	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.46	2	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3-methylcatechol 3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol: structure in first source. dihydroxytoluene : Any hydroxytoluene that has two hydroxy substituents. 3-methylcatechol : A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples.	2.05	1	methylcatechol	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.82	3	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	8.88	11	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.05	1	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	7.13	1	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.07	1	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.13	1	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.05	1	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.04	4	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2	1	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.69	3	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.48	2	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.51	2	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.05	1	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.01	1	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.07	1	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	7.52	2	diatomic iodine	nutrient
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	2.01	1	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	4.02	13	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	2.57	2	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.01	1	N-acyl-hexosamine
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.78	3	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.01	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.06	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.21	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.97	4	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.13	1	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	2.43	2	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
spermine [no description available]	7.17	1	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.38	2	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
thymine [no description available]	2.08	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.04	1	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.17	1	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.15	1	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
epibatidine [no description available]	2.07	1	alkaloid
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.25	1	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	7.04	1	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	3.17	5	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.57	2	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.13	1	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenytoin [no description available]	2.05	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
7,8-dihydroxyflavone 7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.	2.05	1	dihydroxyflavone	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2	1	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.05	1	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.05	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.05	1	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	2.05	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.05	1	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.05	1	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.07	1	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	2.74	3	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.05	1	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.05	1	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.05	1	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
aprindine Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.05	1	indanes
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.07	1	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	8.16	5	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.05	1	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.05	1	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.39	2	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.06	1	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2.05	1	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	3.41	1	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.	2.07	1	5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.05	1	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.05	1	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.05	1	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
bumetanide [no description available]	2.05	1	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
caffeine [no description available]	3.15	5	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.78	3	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.05	1	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.05	1	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
celecoxib [no description available]	2.41	1	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.05	1	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	8.5	7	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.05	1	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.05	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.05	1	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.05	1	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.01	1
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.58	2	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.05	1	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.05	1	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	2.05	1	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.05	1	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
dapsone [no description available]	2.05	1	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	2.05	1	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone: ubiquinol analog. 6-decylubiquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.	2.07	1	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.06	1	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.06	1	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	3.19	5	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.05	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	7.48	2	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2	1	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	benzoic acids
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.07	1	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.05	1	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.05	1	organic cation
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.72	2	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
dup 697 DuP 697: structure given in first source	3.51	1	thiophenes
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.49	2	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	2.07	1	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	4.16	4	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.4	2
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.57	2	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.05	1	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethyl loflazepate ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.05	1	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.05	1	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.05	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.05	1	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	9.73	8	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.86	3	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.05	1	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.05	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.05	1	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.77	3	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.07	1
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.31	1	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.05	1	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.53	2	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	3.31	1	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.05	1	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	3.61	2	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.07	1
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.42	2	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.05	1	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.05	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
incadronate [no description available]	2.05	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.05	1	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.07	1	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	4.74	5	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.05	1	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	8.2	5	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	3.18	5	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.47	2	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.05	1	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.52	2	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.49	2	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	2.05	1	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.07	1	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.07	1	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.05	1	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.07	1	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	2.05	1	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
lavendustin a lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source	2.07	1	aromatic amine
lavendustin b [no description available]	2.07	1
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomustine [no description available]	2.05	1	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	2.05	1	benzodiazepine
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2	1	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.05	1	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.05	1	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.	2.05	1	organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.78	3	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.05	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	8.06	4	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methoxyamine methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	organooxygen compound
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.05	1	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.46	2	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.05	1	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.05	1	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	3.02	4	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.05	1	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	2.03	1	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;	2.07	1	organic molecular entity	metabolite
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.05	1	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nalidixic acid [no description available]	7.49	2	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	3.31	1	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.05	1	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.05	1	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.52	2	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	7.46	2	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.05	1	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one [no description available]	2.07	1	isoquinolines
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	2.41	2	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	2.05	1	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.05	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.05	1	aromatic ether
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.6	1	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.05	1	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.05	1	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pamidronate [no description available]	2.05	1	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.05	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.07	1	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	7.11	1	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.02	1	oxopurine
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.05	1	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.05	1	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	2.05	1	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.05	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	2.05	1	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.05	1	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.07	1	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
piperazine [no description available]	2.89	3	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.08	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.05	1	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.05	1	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.05	1	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.05	1	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.05	1	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.53	2	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.5	2	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.05	1	aralkylamine
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.01	1	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.07	1	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.54	2	pyridines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.05	1	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
streptonigrin [no description available]	4.5	3	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.05	1	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.52	2	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.05	1	diarylmethane
tetrahydropapaverine tetrahydropapaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is norlaudanosoline in which the four phenolic hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; polyether; secondary amino compound
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.48	2	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.05	1	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.05	1	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.05	1	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
triclosan [no description available]	2.06	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	2.05	1	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.05	1	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.	2.07	1	psoralens	dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent
vinca Vinca: A plant genus of the family Apocynaceae.	2.33	2	alkaloid
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.05	1	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.48	2	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2.63	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.03	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.47	2	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	7.1	1	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	2.02	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.52	2	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.06	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)	2.05	1	fluorinated steroid
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.	2.07	1	hydrochloride
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.17	1	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	7.52	2	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	8.77	10	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.07	1	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.01	1	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.15	1	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.07	1	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.95	4	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	3.14	5	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.42	2	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.07	1	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.45	2	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.05	1	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
veratramine veratramine: structure. veratramine : A piperidine alkaloid comprising the 14,15,16,17-tetradehydro derivative of veratraman having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 23-positions.	2.07	1	piperidine alkaloid
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.52	2	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.15	1	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.51	2	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.	2.01	1	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid	cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.11	1	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.11	1
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.03	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.74	3	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	7.15	1	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.5	2	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	3.25	1	psoralens	plant metabolite
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.6	1	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.05	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.07	1	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.17	1	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.07	1	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.11	1	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	2.05	1	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	2.48	2	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.6	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
veratridine [no description available]	2.07	1	steroid	sodium channel modulator
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.	2.05	1	organic sodium salt	dye
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.15	1	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.13	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	8.04	4	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.07	1	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	2.03	1	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.15	1	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
visnagin visnagin: from Musineon divaricatum. visnagin : A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; furanochromone; polyketide	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; phytotoxin; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.05	1	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	3.11	4	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
skimmianine skimmianine: furanoquinoline alkaloid from Teclea (RUTACEAE)	2.07	1	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
syrosingopine syrosingopine: was heading 1963-94; SYRINGOPINE was see SYROSINGOPINE 1977-94; use RESERPINE to search SYROSINGOPINE 1966-94	2.07	1	yohimban alkaloid
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.07	1	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.6	1	pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	4.84	5	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.46	2	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
uvitex swn Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure	3.25	1	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.69	3	xanthene
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	3.25	1	phenylpropanoid
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.07	1	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	3.25	1	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.	2.02	1	monohydroxyacetophenone	fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acrolein [no description available]	2.01	1	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.02	1	alkane
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.44	2	pyrrole; secondary amine
pelargonic acid pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.	2.05	1	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antifeedant; Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite
undecanoic acid undecanoic acid : A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.. undecanoate : A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of undecanoic acid; used in tandem with testosterone cation in the treatment of male hypogonadism. Major species at pH 7.3.	2.05	1	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antifungal agent; human metabolite
behenic acid behenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. docosanoic acid : A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.07	1	ergoline alkaloid
desaspidin desaspidin: structure	3.25	1
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.05	1	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) [no description available]	2.07	1	diarylmethane
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.49	2	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.07	1	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
syringaldehyde syringaldehyde: isolated from nonfermented fiber fractions of oat hulls and cottonseed hulls. syringaldehyde : A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.17	1	dimethoxybenzene; hydroxybenzaldehyde	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.49	2	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.44	2	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
estragole estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.	3.25	1	alkenylbenzene; monomethoxybenzene; phenylpropanoid	carcinogenic agent; flavouring agent; genotoxin; insect attractant; plant metabolite
sterogenol hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source. cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.	2.05	1	bromide salt; pyridinium salt	antiseptic drug; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; surfactant
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	2.01	1	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.	2.05	1	triazines	antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	5.18	14	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.06	1	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.15	1	indazole
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.13	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.02	1	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	4.42	6	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.02	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	7.53	2	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.13	1	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.07	1	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
cuprizone [no description available]	7.98	3	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.05	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.05	1	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.47	2	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
jervine jervine: teratogen from Veratrum grandiflorum; RN given refers to parent cpd(3beta,23beta)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	piperidines
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.05	1	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	9.54	22	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.13	1
boldine [no description available]	2.07	1	aporphine alkaloid
indirubin [no description available]	2.07	1
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.07	1	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.07	1	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.07	1	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
imperatorin imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.49	2	psoralens	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.05	1	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.07	1	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
cytisine [no description available]	2.07	1	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.07	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.01	1	flavanones
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.74	3	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.07	1	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1
phloretic acid phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.	2.05	1	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
margaric acid margaric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. heptadecanoic acid : A C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants.	2.05	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; mammalian metabolite
arachidic acid icosanoic acid : A C20 striaght-chain saturated fatty acid which forms a minor constituent of peanut (L. arachis) and corn oils. Used as an organic thin film in the production of liquid crystals for a wide variety of technical applications.	2.05	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
oleanolic acid [no description available]	12.09	386	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
abietic acid abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.	2.01	1	abietane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.44	2	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.57	2	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	7.07	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.48	2	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
herniarin herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure. herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.	2.05	1	coumarins	fluorochrome
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.31	17	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.47	2	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.1	1	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.1	1
lignoceric acid lignoceric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetracosanoic acid : A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
formestane [no description available]	2.04	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.74	3	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
3-methoxybenzoic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	methoxybenzoic acid	flavouring agent; human urinary metabolite
3-methoxybenzaldehyde 3-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes in which the hydrogen at position 3 of benzaldehyde has been replaced by a methoxy group.	2.01	1	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene	Brassica napus metabolite
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	2.04	1	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
galactitol [no description available]	2.08	1	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.44	2	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	2.07	1	organic molecular entity
tridecanoic acid tridecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of tridecanoic acid.. tridecanoic acid : A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.49	2	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
isovanillic acid 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is 4-methoxybenzoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.01	1	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
nonadecanoic acid nonadecanoic acid : A C19 straight-chain fatty acid of plant or bacterial origin. An intermediate in the biodegradation of n-icosane, it has been shown to inhibit cancer growth.	2.05	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	fungal metabolite
ethyl gallate ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.	2.31	1	gallate ester	plant metabolite
deoxycytidine [no description available]	3.03	4	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.17	1	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.63	2
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.15	1	zinc molecular entity
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.49	2	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	3.44	7	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.29	6	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
vincamine Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.	2.07	1	alkaloid ester; hemiaminal; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; vinca alkaloid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; vasodilator agent
2,2'-biphenol biphenyl-2,2'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls carrying hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 2'.	3.51	1	hydroxybiphenyls
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.79	3	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.15	1	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
diallyl trisulfide [no description available]	2.06	1	organic trisulfide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; estrogen receptor antagonist; insecticide; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
menthol (+-)-menthol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-menthol. Both (+-)- and (-)-menthol are used to relieve symptoms of conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis. When applied to the skin, menthol dilates the blood vessels, giving a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect that relieves itching. It is therefore used in creams and ointments for the relief of pruritis and urticaria.. (-)-menthol : A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.	2.01	1	p-menthan-3-ol	antipruritic drug; antispasmodic drug; antitussive
muscarine [no description available]	2.07	1
heneicosanoic acid henicosanoic acid : A long-chain fatty acid that is henicosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to give the corresponding carboxylic acid.	2.05	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid
tricosanoic acid tricosanoic acid : A very long-chain fatty acid that is tricosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid.	2.05	1	straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.05	1	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
acadesine [no description available]	2.57	2	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.05	1	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.17	1	thujene	plant metabolite
ecdysone [no description available]	2.07	1	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
3-phenoxybenzoic acid 3-phenoxybenzoic acid: metabolite associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid : A phenoxybenzoic acid in which the phenoxy group is meta to the carboxy group. It is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides.	2.01	1	phenoxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	2.11	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.05	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
pyrodifenium bromide pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
n-deacetyl-n-formylcolchicine N-deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine: structure given in first source	2.07	1	cyclic ketone
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.06	1	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	7.31	1	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	7.41	1	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2.13	1	manganese group element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	3.96	3	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.25	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.15	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.05	1	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.52	2	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.05	1	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
amopyroquine amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1
nitidine chloride [no description available]	3.31	1
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.48	2
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2	1	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.05	1	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	4.1	15	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.05	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.17	1	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate [no description available]	2.07	1	methanesulfonate salt	antiparkinson drug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2.05	1	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.07	1	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.31	6	benzenes; phenyl acetates
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.46	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.54	2	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.05	1	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
halazepam halazepam: structure	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2.04	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	2.05	1	chlorphenamine
glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.	2.08	1	glucaric acid	antineoplastic agent
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	7.04	1
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.05	1	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	7.1	1	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	2.05	1	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	4.53	7	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.25	1	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	10.27	15	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	3.01	4	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2.13	1	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria	2.05	1	phenanthrenes
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.05	1	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
lentinan [no description available]	2.41	1
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.17	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.07	1	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.07	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
hydroxymaprotilin hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1
3-phenoxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.01	1
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.05	1
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.05	1	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.04	1	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.74	3	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
pinazepam pinazepam: structure	2.05	1	benzodiazepine
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.07	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
butibufen butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	monoterpenoid
acarbose [no description available]	2.88	3	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	7.41	1	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.05	1	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
staurosporine [no description available]	2.83	3	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.07	1	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.07	1	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	2.06	1	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	2.07	1	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.05	1	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.42	2	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	2.05	1	naphthoic acid
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.31	1	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
zileuton [no description available]	2.21	1	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.05	4	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.11	1	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	7.74	3	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
irinotecan [no description available]	2.88	3	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.05	1
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	7.07	1	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.11	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
ethylene brassylate ethylene brassylate: a perfume ingredient; structure in first source	2.07	1	macrolide
daunorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	anthracycline
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	2.05	1
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.15	1	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	2.02	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	4.63	25	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	2.07	1	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	2.06	1	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.07	1	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	8.71	116	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
calanolide a calanolide A: NSC 661122 and costatolide are isomers; a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum (Clusiaceae); structure in first source. (+)-calanolide A : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.	2.02	1	cyclic ether; delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol	HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; plant metabolite
platanic acid platanic acid: inhibits HIV replication; isolated from Syzigium claviflorum; structure in first source. platanic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 30-norlupan-28-oic acid substituted by a 3beta-hydroxy and an oxo group at position 20. It is isolated from the leaves of Syzygium claviflorum and exhibits anti-HIV activity.	3.19	5	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; methyl ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.25	1	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	2.01	1	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.21	1	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
medicagenic acid medicagenic acid: aglycone constituent of lucerne saponins, upon which their fungastatic & hemolytic activity depends	2.49	2	triterpenoid
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.98	4	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)	2.15	1	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.47	2	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
baccatin iii [no description available]	2.07	1	acetate ester; benzoate ester; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite
taleranol taleranol: a metabolite of ZEARALENONE which is a non-steroidal estrogenic lactone used as an anabolic compound in animal feed; a stereoisomer of ZERANOL (alpha-zearalanol)	2.07	1	macrolide
narasin [no description available]	2.07	1	diterpene glycoside
sinefungin [no description available]	2.05	1	adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
quassin quassin: article discusses quassinoid principle; structure	2.07	1	triterpenoid
tomatidine tomatidine: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-isomer; structure. tomatidine : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	3beta-hydroxy steroid; azaspiro compound; oxaspiro compound
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.07	1	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	2.05	1	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.07	1	beta-carbolines
etofibrate etofibrate: analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.07	1	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.05	1	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
synthalin a synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.	2.05	1	guanidines	hepatotoxic agent; hypoglycemic agent; nephrotoxin
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.04	4	1,2,3-triazole
atranorin atranorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	carbonyl compound
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	3.87	3	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
orsellinic acid orsellinic acid: from the Sonoran desert endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum; structure in first source. o-orsellinic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	dihydroxybenzoic acid; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite; metabolite
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.04	1	anthocyanidin chloride
ibopamine ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source	2.05	1	benzoate ester; phenols
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	7.49	2	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
pirlindole pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812	2.05	1	carbazoles
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.13	1	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.05	1	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
isoscopoletin isoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin	plant metabolite
vinburnine [no description available]	2.07	1	alkaloid
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia	2.05	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
rexigen clobenzorex: RN given refers to (+)-isomer; structure	2.05	1
buparvaquone buparvaquone: used in therapy of theileriasis; structure given in first source	3.31	1
aceclofenac [no description available]	2.05	1	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clociguanil clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1
tebuquine [no description available]	2.05	1
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	3.31	6	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
hesperetin [no description available]	2.07	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
magnolol [no description available]	2.07	1	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.07	1	biphenyls
chelerythrine chloride [no description available]	2.07	1
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	4.32	18	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
tetrahydroalstonine tetrahydroalstonine : A heteropentacyclic compound that is (20alpha)-16,17-didehydro-18-oxayohimban which is substituted at position 16 by a methoxycarbonyl group and at position 19 by a methyl group. It is a metabolite found in several plant species.	2.07	1	methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; yohimban alkaloid	plant metabolite
hernandezine hernandezine: from Thalictrum glandulosissimum; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/91	2.07	1	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
picropodophyllin picropodophyllin: isolated from American May apple (Podophyllum); inhibits IGF-I autophosphorylation without interfering with tyrosine kinase activity. picropodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.	2.07	1	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.07	1	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	4.43	6	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
lobaric acid lobaric acid: inhibits formation of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4; also reduces muscle contraction; structure in first source	2.05	1	carbonyl compound
(-)-catechin (-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin.	2.05	1	catechin	metabolite
alpha-amyrin alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.68	9	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol
dehydrocostus lactone dehydrocostus lactone : An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.	2.07	1	gamma-lactone; guaiane sesquiterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
Tormentic acid tormentic acid: aglycone of Rosamultin	4.24	5	triterpenoid	metabolite
sigmoidin a sigmoidin A: isolated from Erythrina sigmoidea; structure given in first source. sigmoidin A : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 2' and 5'. Isolated from Erythrina sigmoidea, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.	2.03	1	4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone	anti-inflammatory agent; anti-obesity agent; antibacterial agent; metabolite; radical scavenger
hederagenin [no description available]	2.86	3	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin	plant metabolite
echinocystic acid [no description available]	3.51	1	triterpenoid
lamivudine [no description available]	2.17	1
gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor	3.64	2
pinoresinol (+)-pinoresinol : An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration.	2.57	2	pinoresinol	hypoglycemic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
eburicoic acid eburicoic acid: structure	2.02	1
madecassic acid [no description available]	3.47	7	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol	antioxidant; plant metabolite
betulinic acid methyl ester betulinic acid methyl ester: from the roots of Saussurea lappa; structure in first source	2.43	2	triterpenoid
panaxadiol panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer	2.07	1	triterpenoid saponin
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	2.07	1	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
homoeriodictyol homoeriodictyol: structure in first source. homoeriodictyol : A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.	2.07	1	3'-methoxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	flavouring agent; metabolite
arjunolic acid arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.	3.56	8	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antioxidant; metabolite
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	4.1	14	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.05	1	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
4-hydroxyindole hydroxyindoles : Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.	2.07	1	hydroxyindoles; phenols
citronellal, (r)-isomer (R)-(+)-citronellal : The (3R)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal (citronellal).	2.01	1	citronellal
methyl orsellinate methyl orsellinate: orcinol derivative from the lichen Peltigera leucophlebia (Peltigeraceae); structure in first source	2.05	1	hydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid: metabolite of flavoxate; RN in Chemline for the Na salt: 58348-97-3. 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of flavones that is flavone substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 8 by a carboxylic acid group.	2.01	1	flavones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
4'-methoxyflavone 4'-methoxyflavone: from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae); structure in first source	2.05	1	ether; flavonoids
rosiglitazone [no description available]	3.19	5	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu [no description available]	2.13	1	phosphate salt
cryptolepine cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
eriocitrin eriocitrin: structure in first source. eriocitrin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavanone	antioxidant
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.04	1
7,8-dihydromethysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
cinchonine [no description available]	2.47	2	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.1	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
sennoside B sennoside B : A member of the class of sennosides that is (9R,9'S)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'.	2.01	1	oxo dicarboxylic acid; sennosides
aucubin [no description available]	2.07	1	organic molecular entity	metabolite
lupinine lupinine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1R-trans)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	quinolizidine alkaloid
matrine [no description available]	2.07	1	alkaloid
friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.	3.19	5	cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite
catalpol [no description available]	2.07	1	organic molecular entity	metabolite
quinine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1
salsolinol salsolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; EP to SALSOLINE ALKALOIDS (78-82); on-line search SALSOLINE ALKALOIDS (78-82); Index Medicus search ISOQUINOLINES (78-82). (S)-salsolinol : A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has S-configuration.	3.19	1	1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol	human urinary metabolite
sarsasapogenin [no description available]	2.07	1	sapogenin
taraxerol taraxerol: structure. taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15.	2.49	2	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	metabolite
beta-peltatin beta-peltatin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is alpha-peltatin in which the phenolic hydroxy group of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl substitutent had been converted into the corresponding methyl ether.	2.04	1	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
beta-amyrin acetate [no description available]	2.49	2	triterpenoid
3-acetyllupeol 3-acetyllupeol: from root of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud; RN refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.95	4	organic molecular entity	metabolite
lupenone lupenone: structure in first source	2.73	3	triterpenoid	metabolite
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate [no description available]	2.05	1
spathulenol [no description available]	2.49	2	carbotricyclic compound; olefinic compound; sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	anaesthetic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; volatile oil component
corynanthine Corynanthine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	yohimban alkaloid
prunin protein, prunus prunin protein, Prunus: a legumin-like type of globulin; structure given in first source. naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.51	2	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; antilipemic drug; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
uvaol uvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)	5.12	13	triterpenoid	metabolite
gypsogenin gypsogenin: originally from Gypsophila species; structure in first source. gypsogenin : A sapogenin that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 23.	2.53	2	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin
podocarpic acid podocarpic acid: structure. podocarpic acid : An abietane diterpenoid lacking the isopropyl substituent with an aromatic C-ring and a hydroxy group at the 12-position.	2.07	1	abietane diterpenoid
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.78	3
harmol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1
5-Methoxyflavone 5-methoxyflavone: DNA polymerase-beta inhibitor and neuroprotective agent against beta-amyloid toxicity; structure in first source	2.07	1	ether; flavonoids
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.13	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
osajin osajin: from Maclura pomifera	2.13	1	isoflavanones
desethylchloroquine desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine	2.05	1	aminoquinoline
10-hydroxycamptothecin [no description available]	2.78	3	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
diosgenin [no description available]	2.03	1	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
Lup-20(29)-en-28-al, 3beta-hydroxy- [no description available]	2.74	3	triterpenoid
loliolide loliolide: RN given refers to (6S-cis)-isomer	2.17	1	benzofurans	metabolite
wr 159412 [no description available]	2.05	1
corydaline [no description available]	2.07	1	isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
demissidine [no description available]	2.07	1	alkaloid; organic heteropolycyclic compound; steroid
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.47	2	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
erythrodiol [no description available]	3.57	8	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	plant metabolite
quillaic acid quillaic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 16, an oxo group at position 23 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 3beta,16alpha stereoisomer).	2.08	1	aldehyde; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
benzyloxyamine benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.46	2	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.11	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
propidium iodide [no description available]	2.07	1	organic iodide salt
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.82	3
pyronaridine [no description available]	2.05	1	aminoquinoline
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	beta-carbolines
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.45	2	proanthocyanidin
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.46	2	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
deguelin deguelin: a natural product from Mundulea sericea; RN refers to (7aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. deguelin : A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; diether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; plant metabolite
catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.	2.07	1	hydrate	geroprotector
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.48	2	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
triptolide [no description available]	3.51	1	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
cafestol [no description available]	2.07	1	diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
parthenolide [no description available]	2.46	2	germacranolide
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.1	1
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.07	1	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	3.46	7	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furancarboxylic acid 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furancarboxylic acid: has antineoplastic activity; structure. 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid : A member of the class of furans that is 2-furoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a tetradecyloxy group.	2.06	1	aromatic ether; furoic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; PPARalpha agonist
tafenoquine tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.	2.05	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; primary amino compound; secondary amino compound
asiatic acid [no description available]	5.95	18	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
matairesinol matairesinol: lignan that is a central precursor in plants in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans (coordinate with specific); RN refers to (3R-trans)-isomer. (-)-matairesinol : A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).	2.15	1	gamma-lactone; lignan; polyphenol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
phaseollidin phaseollidin: from Erythrina burana; RN refers to (6aR-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. phaseollidin : A member of the class of pterocarpans that is (6aR,11aR)-pterocarpan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 10.	2.05	1	pterocarpans
aspidin bb [no description available]	3.25	1
angustmycin a angustmycin A: structure; from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; inhibits GMP synthesis	2.07	1	6-aminopurines
razadyne Razadyne: Name of the FDA approved preparation from J&J.	2.07	1
medica 16 MEDICA 16 : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is hexadecanedioic acid carrying methyl groups at positions 3 and 14. It is a free fatty acid 1 (FFA1/GPR40) receptor agonist and an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, and exhibits hypolipidemic and antidiabetogenic properties.	2.06	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	antilipemic drug; EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; hypoglycemic agent
desethylamodiaquine desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine	2.05	1
phytosphingosine phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5	2.07	1	amino alcohol; sphingoid; triol	mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate [no description available]	2.07	1
n,n-dideethylchloroquine [no description available]	2.05	1
celastrol [no description available]	3.61	2	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin: structure in first source. 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is the 9- epimer of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin.	2.07	1	furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent
xestoquinone xestoquinone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 5/91; isolated from the sea sponge Xestospongia sapra	3.27	1
betulonic acid betulonic acid: isolated from Rush javanica; strucure in first source	2.73	3	triterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.03	1	nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.59	2	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.11	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.07	1	leucine derivative
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.07	1	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
glabridin [no description available]	2.83	3	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
methotrexate [no description available]	7.31	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
3,6-diamino-9-(4-(methylsulfonyl)aminophenyl)aminoacridine [no description available]	2.05	1
ne 58051 NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source	2.05	1
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	3.19	1	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
wr 242511 WR 242511: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1
carbapenems [no description available]	2.25	1
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.15	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
sinensetin sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.07	1	pentamethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.43	2	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.13	1
harmalol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1
procyanidin b3 procyanidin B3 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho.	3.66	2	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
oleanolic acid 3-acetate oleanolic acid 3-acetate: from Gardenia jasminoides; RN given for (3beta)-isomer	4.15	4
arginylarginine Arg-Arg : A dipeptide formed from two L-arginine residues.	2.13	1	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.07	1	tropane alkaloid
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	1.96	1	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	2.07	1
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.42	2	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ertiprotafib ertiprotafib: a hypoglycemic agent; structure in first source	2.31	1
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.42	2	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
schizandrin b (+)-schisandrin B : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is found in Fructus Schisandrae and Schisandra chinensis.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; cyclic acetal; organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; tannin	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
camphora camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.	2.43	2	camphor
torcetrapib [no description available]	2.15	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; carbamate ester; quinolines	anticholesteremic drug; CETP inhibitor
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.07	1	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.05	1	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
isosakuranetin isosakuranetin: structure in first source. 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).	2.07	1	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; monomethoxyflavanone	plant metabolite
maprounic acid maprounic acid: from Maprounea africana; structure given in first source. maprounic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Maprounea africana and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.	3.91	3	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; plant metabolite
isovitexin [no description available]	2.07	1	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
sclareol sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.	2.07	1	labdane diterpenoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; fragrance; plant metabolite
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	3.25	1
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	3.62	2	abietane diterpenoid
hamaudol hamaudol: intermediate in the synthesis of furanochromones	2.49	2	chromenes
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	3.35	1	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
anacardic acid anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.	3.51	1	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
leucodin leucodin: structure in first source	2.07	1	sesquiterpene lactone
10-gingerol [no description available]	3.25	1	beta-hydroxy ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
nardosinone nardosinone: sesquiterpene peroxide; structure	2.07	1
boswellic acid boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal	3.93	3	triterpenoid
2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone: from Piper longicaudatum; structure in first source. 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 6' and a methoxy group at position 4' respectively.	2.01	1	dihydrochalcones; monomethoxybenzene; polyphenol	antiplasmodial drug; radical scavenger
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.17	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.72	3
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	7.75	3
oleanolic acid 3-o-monoglucuronide oleanolic acid 3-O-monoglucuronide: structure given in first source	2.31	1	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid
scoparianoside b scoparianoside B: isolated from the fruit of Japanese Kochia scoparia; structure given in first source	4.91	4	triterpenoid saponin
limonin [no description available]	2.07	1	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.49	2	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
hydroxycitric acid [no description available]	2.06	1	carbonyl compound
6-o-veratroyl catalpol [no description available]	2.49	2
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	6.98	1	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
oleuropeic acid oleuropeic acid: structure in first source	2.25	1
procurcumenol procurcumenol: RN given for (1S-(1alpha,3abeta,8aalpha))-isomer; epiprocurcumenol is the (1S-(1alpha,3aalpha,8aalpha))-isomer; a TNF-alpha antagonist isolated from Curcuma zedoaria; structure in first source	2.08	1	sesquiterpenoid
deflazacort deflazacort: structure	2.05	1	corticosteroid hormone
maduramicin maduramicin: isolated from Actinomadura rubra	2.07	1
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.07	1	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
olpadronic acid [no description available]	2.05	1
(-)-gallocatechin gallate (-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.	2.05	1	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.07	1	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	2.06	1	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
sorafenib [no description available]	2.89	3	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.07	1	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	3.57	8	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol: structure in first source. 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by an allyl group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6 respectively.	2.49	2	dimethoxybenzene; phenols; phenylpropanoid
stigmastanol stigmastanol: saturated analog of beta-sitosterol; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. stigmastanol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	3-hydroxy steroid; phytosterols	anticholesteremic drug; plant metabolite
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	organic sulfate salt	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector
pheophorbide a pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin	2.01	1
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.07	1	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.13	1
nsc 88915 4-pregnen-21-ol-3,20-dione-21-(4-bromobenzenesufonate): a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.04	1
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.05	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
lupeol [no description available]	5.04	12	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
calendula Calendula: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.	2.03	1
acetylstrophanthidin acetylstrophanthidin: structure. acetylstrophanthidin : An acetate ester that is strophanidin acetylated at the 3beta-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	acetate ester	anti-arrhythmia drug
gardenin a gardenin A: promotes neurite outgrowth; structure in first source	2.01	1
Harringtonine harringtonin: alkaloid C from Caphalotaxus fortunei	2.07	1	alkaloid
acivicin [no description available]	2.07	1	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
ketopinic acid ketopinic acid: structure in first source	2.07	1
wortmannin [no description available]	2.07	1	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.	3.69	2
rocaglamide rocaglamide: RN refers to (1alpha,2alpha,3beta,3abeta,8bbeta)-isomer; isolated from stems of Aglaia elliptifolia; structure given in first source. rocaglamide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8b, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 8, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at position 3a, a phenyl group at position 3 and a N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group at position 1. Isolated from Aglaia odorata and Aglaia duperreana, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.5	2	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; organic heterotricyclic compound	antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
lariciresinol lariciresinol: found in human urine. (+)-lariciresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer).	2.17	1	aromatic ether; lignan; oxolanes; phenols; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
anthricin anthricin: antitumor constituent from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm; structure in first source. deoxypodophyllotoxin : A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.	2.04	1	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; methoxybenzenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
gitoxigenin gitoxigenin: structure	2.07	1	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 16beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid
graveoline graveoline: structure in first source	2.07	1	quinolines
4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en 4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,3abeta,4beta,8aalpha))-isomer; a natural benzyl ester of a carotyl type azulene sesquiterpenoid; structure in first source	2.07	1
pomolic acid pomolic acid: from Rosa woodsii & Hyptis capitata; structure in first source	5.18	8	triterpenoid	metabolite
neocryptolepine neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source	2.05	1
8-deoxygartanin 8-deoxygartanin: a butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first source	2.49	2	xanthones
Bardoxolone [no description available]	2.11	1	cyclohexenones
bardoxolone methyl methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source	4.18	2	cyclohexenones
1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate [no description available]	2.05	1
cimadronate cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source	2.05	1
1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate [no description available]	2.05	1
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	2.5	2
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.51	2
arabinose [no description available]	2.13	1	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	2.42	2	oligopeptide
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.01	1	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.01	1	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	3.67	9	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.05	1	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.44	2	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	2.07	1	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.07	1	taxifolin	metabolite
cholesteryl glucoside cholesteryl glucoside: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	monosaccharide derivative; sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside
mimosine L-mimosine : An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.	2.07	1	4-pyridones; amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.07	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
(+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.	2.01	1	limonene	plant metabolite
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.15	5	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.47	2	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.07	1	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.07	1	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.47	2	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
limonene-1,2-epoxide limonene-1,2-epoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide : The (R)-enantiomer of limonene 1,2-epoxide.	3.25	1	limonene 1,2-epoxide
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.07	1
delavirdine mesylate delavirdine mesylate : The monomethanesulfonic acid salt of delavirdine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.02	1	methanesulfonate salt	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
canaline canaline: structure	2.05	1	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
deltaline [no description available]	2.07	1	acetate ester; cyclic acetal; diterpene alkaloid; organic polycyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
ingenol [no description available]	2.07	1	cyclic terpene ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
decursin decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.05	1	coumarins
abyssinone i abyssinone I: anti-oxidant and cytotoxic compound from East African medicinal plant Erythrina abyssinica; structure in first source. abyssinone I : A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-2',2'-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-2'H,4H-2,6'-bichromen-4-one carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7.	2.15	1	monohydroxyflavanone; phenols	apoptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite
abyssinone v abyssinone V: isolated from Erythrina sigboidea; RN from Chemical Abstracts Index Guide; structure given in first source. abyssinone V : A trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.	2.45	2	4'-hydroxyflavanones; phenols; trihydroxyflavanone	metabolite
cephaelin cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.	2.04	1	pyridoisoquinoline
asebogenin asebogenin: from Piper longicaudatum; structure in first source. asebogenin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of phloretin.	2.01	1	dihydrochalcones	plant metabolite
picrotin picrotin: the less toxic component of PICROTOXIN lacking GABA activity. picrotin : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is picrotoxinin in which the olefinic double bond has undergone addition of water to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol. It is the less toxic component of picrotoxin, lacking GABA activity.	2.07	1	diol; epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
picrotoxinin [no description available]	2.07	1	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
farrerol farrerol: expectorant principle isolated from leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L; structure	2.31	1	organic molecular entity	metabolite
naringin [no description available]	2.99	4	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isonaringin isonaringin: structure in first source. narirutin : A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.51	2	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.07	1	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether: stimulates fatty acid beta-oxidation; structure in first source. 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone : A trimethoxyflavone that is the 5,6,7-trimethyl ether derivative of baicalein. It has been isolated from the plant Callicarpa japonica and has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity.	2.01	1	trimethoxyflavone	anti-HSV-1 agent; plant metabolite
Chebulagic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	tannin
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	3.61	2	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
securinine securinine: a quinolizine pseudoalkaloid (not from amino acid) from Securinega suffurutiosa or Securinini nitras	2.07	1	indolizines
Dubinidine [no description available]	2.07	1	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.07	1	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	3.59	8
syringaresinol (+)-syringaresinol : The (7alpha,7'alpha,8alpha,8'alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.	2.08	1	syringaresinol	antineoplastic agent
yangambin [no description available]	2.08	1	lignan
kerriamycin b kerriamycin B: from a streptomycete; structure given in first source	3.51	1	angucycline antibiotic	antineoplastic agent
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	anthracycline
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.07	1	alkaloid	geroprotector
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.	2.07	1	methanesulfonate salt	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	3.67	9	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.1	1	amino cyclitol; glycoside
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.25	1	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	2.31	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.05	1	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.27	6	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.7	3	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	5.84	16	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.05	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.78	3	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.46	2	D-galactopyranuronic acid
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.07	1	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.07	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.13	1
lycopene [no description available]	2.46	2	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.25	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
t0901317 T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist	2.1	1
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.07	1	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.07	1	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	3.85	11
12-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	phorbol ester	metabolite
purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;	2.05	1	purvalanol
halofuginone [no description available]	3.31	1
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.73	3	actinomycin	mutagen
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	2	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.07	1	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.83	3	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
ganoderic acid a [no description available]	2.05	1	triterpenoid
euscaphic acid euscaphic acid: isolated from medicinal plant, Euscaphis japonica Pax.; structure; RN given refers to 2alpha,3alpha-isomer. euscaphic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata.	4.24	5	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	plant metabolite
betulonal betulonal: originally isolated from white birch bark (Betula pendula); structure in first source	2.01	1
(+)-usnic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	usnic acid
beta, beta-dimethylacrylshikonin, (+)-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.07	1	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
glabrene glabrene: structure in first source	2.15	1	isoflavonoid
gancaonin I gancaonin I : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans which consists of 1-benzofuran substituted by methoxy groups at positions 4 and 6, a prenyl group at position 5 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.	2.13	1	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; resorcinols	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
6,8-diprenylgenistein 6,8-diprenylgenistein: a lysoPAF acetyltransferase inhibitor isolated from licorice root; structure in first source. 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is genistein substituted by prenyl groups at positions 6 and 8. It has been isolated from Derris scandens and Glycyrrhiza uralensis.	2.83	3	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
glycyrin glycyrin: has antibacterial, antiviral, and hypotensive activities; isolated from licorice. glycyrin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a prenyl group at position 6 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.	2.13	1	aromatic ether; coumarins; hydroxyisoflavans	antibacterial agent; metabolite; plant metabolite
glyasperin D glyasperin D : A member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is (R)-isoflavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 4', methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a prenyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.	2.13	1	aromatic ether; hydroxyisoflavans; methoxyisoflavan	plant metabolite
licoricidin licoricidin: a lysoPAF acetyltransferase inhibitor isolated from licorice root; structure in first source. licoricidin : A member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is R-isoflavan with hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 5 and prenyl groups at positions 6 and 3'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.	2.13	1	aromatic ether; hydroxyisoflavans; methoxyisoflavan	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
Euchrestaflavanone A [no description available]	2.15	1	flavanones
3-epi-betulinic acid [no description available]	2.01	1
moronic acid moronic acid: from root bark extract of Ozoroa mucronata; RN & N1 from 9th CI. moronic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group.	2.44	2	pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-HSV-1 agent; metabolite
morolic acid morolic acid: from Pistacia terebinthus galls; structure in first source	2.06	1
licocoumarone licocoumarone: has anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis; structure in first source. licocoumarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans which consists of 1-benzofuran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 4, a prenyl group at position 5 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.	2.13	1	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; resorcinols	antibacterial agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
Tetrahydropiperine [no description available]	2.05	1	benzodioxoles
Methyl Haematommate [no description available]	2.05	1	4-hydroxybenzoate ester
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.03	1	triterpenoid
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.05	1
methyl ursolate methyl ursolate: structure in first source	3.46	7
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2.07	1	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
boswellic acid [no description available]	2.21	1
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	3.55	2	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.73	3	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole.	3.25	1	anethole	flavouring agent
glycosides [no description available]	10.15	14
epipinoresinol epipinoresinol : An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-(1R,3aR,4S,6aR)-configuration.	2.15	1	pinoresinol	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	7.57	2	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.44	2	isomethyleugenol
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.47	2	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.01	1	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	4.97	11	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	3.59	8	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
ilepcimide ilepcimide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation	2.05	1	benzodioxoles
Methylenedioxycinnamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	hydroxycinnamic acid
rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
amygdalin [no description available]	7.49	2
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.07	1	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
hydrastine, (r-(r,s))-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	isoquinolines
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.05	1	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.05	1
ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available]	2.05	1
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	4.59	7
vasicine vasicine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer	2.07	1
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.07	1	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dehydrovomifoliol dehydrovomifoliol: isolated from Litsea sessilis; structure in first source. (6S)-dehydrovomifoliol : A dehydrovomifoliol that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.. dehydrovomifoliol : A fenchane monoterpenoid that is substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5, and 5, and by both a hydroxy group and a 3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.17	1	dehydrovomifoliol	plant metabolite
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.73	3	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.	2.01	1	methoxycinnamic acid
isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	ferulic acids	antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite
ethyl ferulate ethyl ferulate: structure in first source	2.15	1
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
heliotrine [no description available]	2.07	1	pyrrolizines
sclareolide [no description available]	2.07	1	naphthofuran
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.05	1	diarylmethane
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	5.9	11	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
hypocrellin b hypocrellin B: photosensitive pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae Sacc; structure given in first source	2.07	1
1-ethyl-2-oxo-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-6-benzo[cd]indolesulfonamide [no description available]	2.1	1	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	3.01	4	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine [no description available]	2.01	1	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
aurapten aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties.	2.07	1	coumarins; monoterpenoid	antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary
1-ethyl-N-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl]-2-oxo-6-benzo[cd]indolesulfonamide [no description available]	2.1	1	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.49	7	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.5	2	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.31	1	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.06	1	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	3.58	2	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).	2.07	1	diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound	Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent
n(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine N(6)-acetimidoyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by an acetimidoyl group	2.01	1	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
tamoxifen [no description available]	4.28	5	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.05	1
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.05	1	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
p5091 P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source	3.27	1
artemotil artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	artemisinin derivative
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.07	1	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.07	1	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.05	1	steroid	estrogen
glucametacin glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure	2.05	1
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.99	4	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	2.05	1	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate-20-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1
brassinin [no description available]	2.07	1	dithiocarbamic ester; indole phytoalexin
chaetomellic acid a chaetomellic acid A: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of farnesyl-protein transferase	2.07	1
hirsutine [no description available]	2.07	1
3-deoxyvasicine, hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1
emetine dihydrochloride emetine dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of emetine.. emetine dihydrochloride hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of emetine.	2.07	1	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; protein synthesis inhibitor
phillygenin phillygenin: cytoprotective lignan from Forsythia suspensa; structure in first source	2.15	1
sideroxylin sideroxylin: from Hydrastis canadensis; structure in first source. sideroxylin : A monomethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 7, hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' and methyl groups at positions 6 and 8. It has been isolated from Hydrastis canadensis and Eucalyptus species.	2.17	1	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	5.43	59
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	3.99	3
silybin [no description available]	2.07	1
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	7.87	3
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.43	2	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.04	4
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	3.78	2	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.11	1	long-chain fatty acid
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.08	1	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.17	1
alsterpaullone alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; caprolactams; organic heterotetracyclic compound	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
5,6-dehydrokawain 5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.07	1	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
9,10-dihydrolysergol 9,10-dihydrolysergol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1
geranylgeranic acid geranylgeranic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranic acid : A diterpenoid obtained by formal oxidation of the CH2OH group of (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol to the corresponding carboxylic acid.	2.07	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; diterpenoid; methyl-branched fatty acid; trienoic fatty acid
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.07	1	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	5.93	31	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.13	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.93	12	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.07	1	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
coniferin coniferin : A monosaccharide derivative that is coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.17	1	aromatic ether; cinnamyl alcohol beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.73	3	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	3.01	4	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
prostaglandin b1 prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).	2.07	1	prostaglandins B	human metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.07	1	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.07	1	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	3.86	3	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	9.13	15	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	4.42	20	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.45	2	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.17	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
quercitrin [no description available]	2.47	2	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	3.14	5	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
vomifoliol blumenol A: a phytotoxin isolated from Oryza sativa Awaakamai; structure in first source. vomifoliol : A fenchane monoterpenoid that is 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy and a (1E)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. (6S,9R)-vomifoliol : A (6S)-vomifoliol with a R configuration for the hydroxy group at position 9.	2.17	1	(6S)-vomifoliol	metabolite; phytotoxin
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.05	1	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.03	1	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
coniferaldehyde coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.15	1	cinnamaldehydes; guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
2'-hydroxyformononetin 2'-hydroxyformononetin : A member of the class of 4'-methoxyisoflavones that is formononetin with a hydroxy group at the 2'position.	2.15	1	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	anti-inflammatory agent
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.83	3	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.	2.17	1	cinnamate ester; cyclitol carboxylic acid	plant metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	2.47	2	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	4.01	13	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	2.21	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.77	3	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	4.11	15	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
3-methylkaempferol 3-methylkaempferol: structure in first source. 3-methoxyapigenin : A trihydroxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.15	1	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	3.45	7	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
senecionine senecionine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. senecionine : A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.	2.07	1	lactone; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2.06	1	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.1	1	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	5.07	7	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	4.45	6	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
erucic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	docosenoic acid
nervonic acid (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid : A tetracosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 15.	2.05	1	tetracosenoic acid
butein [no description available]	2.07	1	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
isobavachalcone isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.	2.77	3	chalcones; polyphenol	antibacterial agent; metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	2.07	1	1-benzofurans
azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).	2.01	1	acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent
geranylgeraniol (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.15	1	geranylgeraniol
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	2.47	2	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
chartreusin chartreusin: structure	2.07	1	benzochromenone; glycoside
usambarensine usambarensine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	harmala alkaloid
esculin [no description available]	2.01	1	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.75	3	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
fulvoplumierin fulvoplumierin: structure	3.31	1	carbonyl compound; pyrans
methysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
yangonin yangonin: structure in first source	2.07	1	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.07	1	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.74	3	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.74	3	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	4.55	7	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
cupressuflavone cupressuflavone: from Cupressus macrocarpa; structure in first source. cupressuflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities.	2.11	1	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor; metabolite; radical scavenger
datiscetin datiscetin : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 5.	2.07	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone
diosmetin [no description available]	2.07	1	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
diosmin [no description available]	2.07	1	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	2.73	3	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.97	4	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
genkwanin genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.	2.02	1	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	metabolite
gartanin gartanin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5 and 8 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 4.	2.11	1	polyphenol; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.07	1	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.05	1	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.8	3	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.07	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	3.89	3	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	4.41	6	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.07	1	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
robinetin robinetin: structure given in first source. robinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.	2.07	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
robustaflavone robustaflavone: bis-apigenin coupled at 6 and 3' positions; a potential non-nucleoside anti-hepatitis B agent;. robustaflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-6 of the chromene ring. Isolated from Thuja orientalis and Rhus succedanea it exhibits antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-hepatitis B activity.	2.11	1	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	anti-HBV agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.49	2	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
tamarixetin tamarixetin: isolated from Costsus spicatus. tamarixetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.	2.07	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.46	2	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
7-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone afromosin: structure given in first source; isolated from Wistaria brachybotrys. afrormosin : A 4'-methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 4' and a hydroxy group at position 7.	2.05	1	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.07	1	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.75	3	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
forsythiaside forsythiaside: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source; from the unripe fruit of Forsythia suspensa (qinglianquiao)	2.15	1	hydroxycinnamic acid
gingerenone a gingerenone A: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Zingiber officinale; structure in first source	3.25	1	diarylheptanoid
3,4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid: isolated from Siphonostegia chinensis	2.17	1	quinic acid
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.07	1	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
licoisoflavone a licoisoflavone A: from Sophra mooracroftiana; structure in first source. licoisoflavone A : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.	2.15	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	metabolite
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	7.7	26	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source	3.25	1	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
orobol orobol: from Aspergillus niger or Streptomyces neyagawaensis; potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase. orobol : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.	2.01	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	anti-inflammatory agent; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
wedelolactone wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source. wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
wighteone wighteone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and a prenyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Ficus mucuso.	2.15	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.07	1	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	10.81	11	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
ginkgolic acid [no description available]	3.51	1	hydroxybenzoic acid
3,3',4-o-trimethylellagic acid 3,7,8-tri-O-methylellagic acid: structure given in first source	2.17	1	tannin
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	hydroxyflavonoid
soraphen a [no description available]	2.06	1	cyclic hemiketal; ether; macrolide; olefinic compound	bacterial metabolite; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; teratogenic agent
prostaglandin a1 [no description available]	2.07	1	prostaglandins A
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.73	3	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
4',7-dihydroxyflavone 4',7-dihydroxyflavone: inducer of nod gene. 4',7-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.	2.15	1	dihydroxyflavone	metabolite
rhoifolin rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; neohesperidoside	metabolite
vitexin rhamnoside 2''-O-rhamnopyranosylvitexin: has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities; isolated from Alternanthera maritima; structure in first source. vitexin 2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A derivative of vitexin having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety.	2.07	1	C-glycosyl compound; disaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
gamma-oryzanol cycloartenyl ferulate: antinociceptive agent from rice bran; structure in first source	2.05	1	triterpenoid
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.07	1	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.07	1	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.05	1	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid having (10E,12Z)-configuration.	2.06	1	octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid
codeine [no description available]	2.05	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.07	1	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
phenylethyl 3-methylcaffeate phenylethyl 3-methylcaffeate: a caffeic acid ester present in propolis, a natural resin produced by honey bees; structure given in first source	2.15	1
natamycin [no description available]	2.07	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
oleyl alcohol oleyl alcohol: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.15	1	fatty alcohol 18:1; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; nonionic surfactant
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.05	1	morphinane alkaloid
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2.05	1	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.52	2	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.49	2	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.	2.15	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source. 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6.	2.01	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	anti-inflammatory agent; antimutagen; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; PPARgamma agonist
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.46	2	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.05	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
lacidipine [no description available]	2.05	1	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.07	1	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.47	2	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	2.47	2	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
corylin corylin: from Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), has osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity; structure in first source	2.01	1
lupiwighteone lupiwighteone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.55	2	isoflavones
eurycarpin b eurycarpin B: from the roots of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa; structure in first source	2.55	2	isoflavonoid
glycycoumarin glycycoumarin: from the root of Glycyrrhizae Radix, acts as a potent antispasmodic through inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3; structure in first source. glycycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 5, a prenyl group at position 6 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antispasmodic activity.	2.13	1	aromatic ether; coumarins; resorcinols	antispasmodic drug; plant metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	2.07	1	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
Isolicoflavonol [no description available]	2.13	1	flavones
isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.07	1	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite
icaritin icaritin: structure in first source	2.49	2
icariin [no description available]	2.49	2	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	4.59	7	chalcones
licochalcone b licochalcone B: isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata; inhibits phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 in LPS signaling pathway; structure in first source	2.15	1	chalcones
Licoflavone A [no description available]	2.54	2	flavones
methyl linolenate [no description available]	2.05	1	fatty acid methyl ester	insect attractant; plant metabolite
neoglycyrol neoglycyrol: structure given in first source; from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. glycyrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 9, a methoxy group at position 3 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.	2.13	1	aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.	2.05	1	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
artemetin [no description available]	2.07	1	ether; flavonoids
tiliroside tiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigerus	2.05	1	cinnamate ester; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
sophoricoside sophoricoside: from fruit of Sophora japonica; structure in first source	2.07	1	acrovestone; isoflavonoid
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.	2.25	1	beta-D-glucoside; resorcinols; stilbenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
ergosterol-5,8-peroxide ergosterol-5,8-peroxide: also inhibits sulfatase; isolated from fungus Cercospora kikuchii; structure given in first source. ergosterol peroxide : An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.	2.77	3	3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; organic peroxide; phytosterols	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
stilbamidine stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1
5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone: from the rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora; inhibits monocyte adhesion and cellular reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone : A monohydroxyflavone that is 5-hydroxyflavone which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3,3',4' and 7.	2.05	1	3'-methoxyflavones; monohydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
stellettin b stellettin B: from the marine sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata; structure in first source	2.04	1
guttiferone e guttiferone E: isolated from the fruits of Garcinia pyrifera collected in Malaysia; structure in first source	3.31	1
6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.07	1
methyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyryl ketone methyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyryl ketone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.03	1	hydroxycinnamic acid
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	3.35	1	metalloid atom; pnictogen
flavokawain a flavokawain A: from kava extract, induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells; structure in first source	2.07	1	chalcones
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.07	1	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
auriculasin auriculasin: isolated from the fruits of Maclura pomifera; structure in first source	2.13	1	isoflavanones
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol: a fragrance ingredient; structure in first source	2.15	1
kavain [no description available]	2.07	1	racemate	glycine receptor antagonist
piperic acid piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).	2.05	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzodioxoles	plant metabolite
abscisic acid, (+,-)-isomer 2-cis-abscisic acid : A member of the class of abscisic acids in which the double bond betweeen positions 2 and 3 has cis- (natural) geometry.	2.07	1	abscisic acids	abscisic acid receptor agonist
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	1.99	1	alkatriene	fluorochrome
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.07	1	alkaloid
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1
catharanthine [no description available]	2.07	1	alkaloid ester; bridged compound; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound
cytochalasin e cytochalasin E: structure	2.07	1	cytochalasan alkaloid	metabolite
cytochalasin d [no description available]	2.07	1
sinomenine sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic	2.07	1	morphinane alkaloid
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.52	2	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
bleomycin [no description available]	2.07	1	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.83	3	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
gamma-mangostin gamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity.	2.8	3	phenols; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor
5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone: has anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from acai, Euterpe oleracea; structure in first source. velutin : A dimethoxyflavone that is luteolin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 3' are replaced by methoxy groups.	2.02	1	dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antioxidant; melanin synthesis inhibitor; plant metabolite
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.07	1
zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.	2.07	1	cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.07	1	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
ceftazidime [no description available]	2.52	2	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
guajavarin guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava	2.05	1
licoisoflavone b licoisoflavone B: from Sophra mooracroftiana; structure in first source	2.15	1
semilicoisoflavone b semilicoisoflavone B: isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis; structure in first source. semilicoisoflavone B : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 2',2'-dimethyl-2'H,4H-3,6'-bichromen-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 8'. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.	2.15	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
lespenefril lespenefril: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis.	2.05	1	alpha-L-rhamnoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; hypoglycemic agent; immunomodulator; plant metabolite
avicularin avicularin: from Polygonum aviculare L.; RN given refers to L-isomer. avicularin : A quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare.	2.06	1	alpha-L-arabinofuranoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
alpinumisoflavone alpinumisoflavone: extract from twigs of poisonous British plant	2.73	3	isoflavanones	metabolite
beta-Mangostin [no description available]	2.11	1	xanthones
9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone [no description available]	2.11	1	xanthones
(1S,15S,17R,18R,19S,20S)-6,18-dimethoxy-17-[oxo-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1,3,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-dodecahydroyohimban-19-carboxylic acid methyl ester [no description available]	2.07	1	yohimban alkaloid
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2.07	1	N-acylsphingosine
lyoniside daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa.	3.15	5	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; steroid saponin	plant metabolite
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.21	1	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.05	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
monorden monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II	2.47	2	cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.07	1
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	3.86	2	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate (-)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-catechin.	2.06	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available]	2.07	1
hydrocotarnine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1
salsolinol hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1
lasalocid sodium lasalocid sodium : The sodium salt of lasalocid. It is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.07	1	benzoates; organic sodium salt	coccidiostat; ionophore
sclerotiorin sclerotiorin: isolated from monoverticillate Penicillia; RN given for (R-(R,S-(E,E)))-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	azaphilone
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.13	1	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
himbacine himbacine: muscarine receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,4beta(1E,2(2R,6S)),4abeta,8aalpha,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. himbacine : A piperidine alkaloid that is decahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a 2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias.	2.07	1	gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; piperidine alkaloid	muscarinic antagonist
ebelactone b ebelactone B: esterase inhibitor; structure given in first source; see also ebelactone A	2.07	1
3-o-methylbutein 3-O-methylbutein: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.5	2	chalcones
thermozymocidin thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog	2.07	1	alpha-amino fatty acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sphingoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
marein marein: hypoglycemic from Coreopsis tinctoria; structure in first source	2.07	1	flavonoids; glycoside
(10)-shogaol (10)-shogaol: isolated from ginger; structure in first source	3.25	1	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	quinic acid
indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.	2.17	1
3 beta-o-acetylursolic acid [no description available]	5.04	12	triterpenoid
nifuroxime 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source	2.05	1
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	2.05	1	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
beta-escin [no description available]	5.4	18
stigmasterol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: an antioxidant from Monochoria vaginalis; structure in first source. stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A steroid saponin that is (3beta,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia.	2.05	1	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; phytosterols; steroid saponin	metabolite
emetine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.01	1
hydroxyachillin hydroxyachillin: isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum; structure given in first source	2.07	1	gamma-lactone
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.44	2	nitrofuran antibiotic
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.47	2
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.07	1	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fumagillin [no description available]	2.07	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.47	2	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
dalcetrapib dalcetrapib: inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)	2.15	1	anilide
anisodamine [no description available]	2.07	1
corosolic acid [no description available]	5.99	19	triterpenoid	metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.07	1	ammonium ion derivative
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	2.07	1	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
alpha-solanine [no description available]	2.07	1	glycoalkaloid; organic heterohexacyclic compound; steroid saponin; trisaccharide derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.15	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.04	1
chlorproguanil chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene
beta-sitosterone beta-sitosterone: from Torreya jackii	2.06	1
jasplakinolide jasplakinolide: cyclodepsipeptide isolated from marine sponge Jaspis; active against Candida; RN refers to 2S-(2R,4E,6S,8R*)-isomer; structure in first source. jaspamide : A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer.	3.59	2	cyclodepsipeptide; phenols	actin polymerisation inducer; animal metabolite; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; neuroprotective agent
licochalcone c licochalcone C: has cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities; isolated from licorice; structure in first source	2.49	2
palbinone palbinone: terpenoid isolated from the roots of Paeonia albiflora; structure given in first source; showed strong inhibitory activity against 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase	2.05	1	16-oxo steroid	metabolite
11-keto-boswellic acid [no description available]	4.12	4
apigenin-7-o-rutinoside [no description available]	2.07	1
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.07	1	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.98	4	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
4-methylene-2-octyl-5-oxofuran-3-carboxylic acid 4-methylene-2-octyl-5-oxofuran-3-carboxylic acid: an anorectic fatty acid synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. (2R,3S)-C75 : A 4-methylidene-2-octyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid that has 2R,3S-configuration.	2.06	1	4-methylidene-2-octyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid; gamma-lactone
3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid 3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid: from Potentilla chinensis	3.69	9	triterpenoid
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.49	2	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.07	1
n1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide: a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites; structure in first source	2.05	1
msi 1436 3-N-1(spermine)-7, 24-dihydroxy-5-cholestane 24-sulfate: a spermine-cholesterol adduct which causes reversible suppression of food and fluid intake in mammals resulting in profound weight loss, not associated with other signs or symptoms of illness, and which exhibits antidiabetic properties in genetically obese mice	2.69	2	bile acid
1-(2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oyl) imidazole [no description available]	3.25	1
neoechinulin a neoechinulin A: from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source	2.04	1
4-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid 4-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid: structure in first source	2.01	1	tannin
methyl 3,5-di-o-caffeoyl quinate 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester: results suggest that the effect of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic esters on CHS is associated with a decrease in the production of interleukins, but not with the inhibition of iNOS expression. Moreover, esterification of the carboxyl group at C-1 enhanced protection against tyrosine nitration in the skin. methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid with methanol. Isolated from Suaeda glauca and Dichrocephala bicolor, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.17	1
tribulus Tribulus: A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins. Ingestion by grazing animals causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in South Africa.	7.17	1
cerevisterol cerevisterol: in mushroom family; Russian. cerevisterol : An ergostanoid that is (22E)-ergosta-7,22-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5 and 6 (the 3beta,5alpha,6beta stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the fungus, Xylaria species.	2.11	1	3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; ergostanoid	Aspergillus metabolite
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.05	1
licoflavone c licoflavone C: Antimutagenic Agent; a naturally occurring prenyl-flavone extracted from Genista ephedroides; structure in first source	2.15	1
carmine carminic acid : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by a methyl group at position 8, a carboxy group at position 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 2 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It is a natural dye isolated from several insects such as Dactylopius coccus.	2.07	1	C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid; tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	animal metabolite; histological dye
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate 4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate: has antiparasitic activity; structure in first source	2.05	1
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	2.25	1
thonningianin a thonningianin A: an ellagitannin from the African medicinal herb Thonningia sanguinea; structure in first source	2.17	1	tannin	metabolite
bavachinin bavachinin: do not confuse with bavachin	2.07	1	flavanones
Cycloartobiloxanthone cycloartobiloxanthone: a flavonoid isolated from stem bark of Artocarpus gomezianus; has antineoplastic properties	2.05	1	pyranoxanthones
betulone [no description available]	2.01	1	triterpenoid	metabolite
biapigenin biapigenin: bis-apigenin coupled at 3' & 3' positions; inhibits various cytochrome P450 enzymes; isolated from St. John's Wort	2.11	1	flavonoid oligomer
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.79	3
ilekudinol b ilekudinol B: stimulates glucose uptake; from Weigela subsessilis; structure in first source	2.54	2
Kanzonol B [no description available]	2.55	2	chalcones
Diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [no description available]	2.11	1	flavonoids; glycoside
grayanotoxin iii grayanotoxin III: from leaves of Leucothoe grayana (Ericaceae); RN refers to (3beta,6beta,14R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1
5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol: from Ganoderma lucidum; structure given in first source	2.05	1
oleanderolide oleanderolide: oleanane-type triterpene from Nerium oleander; structure in first source	3.59	2
acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.51	2	triterpenoid
Licoflavone B licoflavone B: Schistosomicide from Glycyrrhiza inflata; structure in first source	2.15	1	flavones
3-o-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid 3-O-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid: isolated from Boswellia serrata; structure in first source	2.21	1
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.07	1	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
kalopanax saponin b kalopanax saponin B: isolated from Kalopanax septemlobus; structure given in first source. kalopanaxsaponin B : A triterpenoid saponin with hederagenin as the aglycone part. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.	2.31	1	carboxylic ester; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triterpenoid saponin	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
anacetrapib [no description available]	2.59	2
glabrol glabrol: from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root; structure in first source	2.55	2	flavanones
ginsenoside ro ginsenoside Ro: from ginseng; RN given refers to ginsenoside Ro, (all-D)-isomer	2.31	1	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
3-epioleanolic acid [no description available]	2.97	4	triterpenoid	metabolite
diflucortolone Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.	2.05	1	21-hydroxy steroid
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.46	2	benzoxazole
cinobufagin cinobufagin: isolated from Chinese medicinal preparation ch'an su; derived from toad venom	2.07	1	steroid lactone
verproside verproside: from Pseudolysimachion longifolium; structure in first source	2.49	2	glycoside	metabolite
minecoside [no description available]	2.49	2	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	3.15	5
11-deoxy glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.77	3	triterpenoid
2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid alphitolic acid: from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala; structure in first source. 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is betulinic acid carrying an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from Breynia fruticosa.	2.76	3	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
alpha-amyrenone alpha-amyrenone: from Marsdenia officinalis Tsiang	2.46	2
(-)-pinoresinol (-)-pinoresinol : An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (-)-1R,3aS,4R,6aS-configuration.	2.07	1	pinoresinol	plant metabolite
atropine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1
oleanonic acid oleanonic acid: structure in first source	3.43	7
cannogenin thevetoside cannogenin thevetoside: from Thevetia neriifolia; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARDENOLIDES (77-84), CARDANOLIDES (75-76); RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer	2.07	1	cardenolide glycoside
roburic acid roburic acid : A tetracyclic triterpenoid with formula C30H40O2 that is isolated from the roots of Gentiana dahurica and Gentiana macrophylla.	3.51	1	monocarboxylic acid; olefinic compound; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
rutundic acid rutundic acid: isolated from the leaves of Hex pupurea; structure in first source	2.83	3	triterpenoid	metabolite
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	2.49	2
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.11	1
eriodictyol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [no description available]	2.07	1	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite; radical scavenger
Mangiferonic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	triterpenoid
prim-o-glucosylcimifugin prim-O-glucosylcimifugin: from Peucedanum dissolutum; structure in first source	2.49	2	organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle
23-hydroxyursolic acid 23-hydroxyursolic acid: from medicinal plants of the Rubiaceae family; structure in first source. 23-hydroxyursolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursolic acid substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 23. It has been isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa and Juglans sinensis.	2.98	4	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
saringosterol saringosterol: from a Chilean brown algae, Lessonia nigrescens; structure in first source	2.03	1
pedunculoside pedunculoside: from leaves of Ilex chinensis; structure given in first source	2.02	1
deoxoartemisinin deoxoartemisinin: structure given in first source	2.05	1
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	2.07	1
derrone derrone: from Retama raetam flowers; structure in first source	2.15	1	isoflavonoid
augustic acid [no description available]	2.46	2
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.85	11
hbx 41108 HBX 41,108: inhibits USP7 ubiquitin protease; structure in first source	3.27	1
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.6	1	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	2.48	2	polypeptide
enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.	2.1	1
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.48	2
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.43	2
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.15	1
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	2.05	1
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	7.63	2	glycoside
quercetin [no description available]	2.05	1
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.8	3	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.08	1	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
valproate sodium Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.	2.05	1	organic sodium salt	geroprotector
dihydrorobinetin dihydrorobinetin: structure in first source	2.07	1
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.49	2
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	4	4
isoangustone a isoangustone A: antioxidant isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis; structure in first source	2.13	1	isoflavanones
23-hydroxybetulinic acid 23-hydroxybetulinic acid: structure in first source	2.78	3	triterpenoid	metabolite
chitosan [no description available]	5.76	13
2',3',4'-trihydroxyflavone 2',3',4'-trihydroxyflavone: inhibitor of protein sumoylation; structure in first source	3.51	1
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	2.02	1	organosulfonic acid
monensin [no description available]	2.07	1
beta-Elemonic acid beta-elemonic acid: extracted from Boswellia carterii	2.05	1	triterpenoid
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.	2.13	1	UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
madecassoside [no description available]	2.31	1	carboxylic ester; pentacyclic triterpenoid; trisaccharide derivative; triterpenoid saponin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; antirheumatic drug; plant metabolite; vulnerary
zedoarondiol zedoarondiol: structure in first source	2.08	1
3mb-pp1 [no description available]	3.31	1
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	4.26	5
epi-maslinic acid epi-maslinic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 3alpha-hydroxy epimer of maslinic acid. Isolated from Prunella vulgaris and Isodon japonicus, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.	2.99	4	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
glycolipids [no description available]	2.46	2
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	3.02	4
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.02	4
taiwaniaflavone taiwaniaflavone: inhibits induction of iNOS and COX-2 genes	2.11	1
nitd 609 NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source	3.31	1
lp533401 LP533401: Serotonin Agents; Tryptophan Hydroxylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.1	1
gypenoside XVII gypenoside XVII : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.49	2	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
2-oxopomolic acid 2-oxopomolic acid: isolated from Polylepis racemosa; structure in first source	2.43	2
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	7.31	1
licochalcone e licochalcone E: from roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata; structure in first source	2.81	3
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone 1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.27	1
evacetrapib [no description available]	2.15	1	benzazepine
sr2211 [no description available]	2.1	1
butyrolactone i butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source	2.05	1	butenolide
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.29	6	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.48	2
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.05	1
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.47	2
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.07	1	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	2.05	1	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.05	1	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.19	5	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
rk 682 [no description available]	3.66	9
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.07	1
4-hydroxycoumarin 2-hydroxychromone: structure	2.25	1	hydroxycoumarin
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.05	1
vulpinic acid vulpinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source; vulpinic acid refers to (E)-isomer	2.07	1	butenolide
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	7.06	1
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.34	6
gsk837149a GSK837149A: structure in first source	2.06	1
ajmaline [no description available]	2.07	1
ziyuglycoside i ziyuglycoside I: isolated from the leaves of Hex pupurea; structure in first source	2.61	2
ziyuglycoside ii ziyuglycoside II: isolated from Sanguisorba officinalis; structure in first source	2.61	2
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.47	7
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.13	1
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood.	3.13	5
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.78	3
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.15	1
tomatine Tomatine: An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed). tomatine : A steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose.	4.53	2
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.51	2	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.03	1	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	3.41	6	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	9.69	8	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.05	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	3.31	1	triazolopyrimidines
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.76	3	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source	2.46	2
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime: structure given in first source	2.05	1	benzenetriol
hymenialdisine [no description available]	2.04	1
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.01	1
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.03	1	guanosines	biomarker
debromohymenialdisine [no description available]	2.04	1
alpha-cyclopiazonic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	alpha-cyclopiazonic acids
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	7.5	2
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	7.47	2
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	8.18	5
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.92	4

ursolic acid

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