Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 6278 |
| CHEMBL ID | 16080 |
| CHEBI ID | 36015 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 458743 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 16434 |
| MeSH ID | M0082939 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 1,1,1-trichloraethan |
| 1,1,1-trichlorethane |
| trichloro-1,1,1-ethane |
| CHEBI:36015 , |
| alpha-t |
| 1,1,1-tce |
| alpha-trichloroethane |
| methyl chloroform |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane, technical grade |
| 1,1-trichloroethane |
| .alpha.-t |
| 1,1-trichloraethan |
| chloroethene nu |
| methyltrichloromethane |
| trichloro-1,1-ethane |
| aerothene tt |
| chlorothene nu |
| chlorten |
| nsc9367 |
| chlorothene vg |
| solvent 111 |
| chlorothene, inhibited |
| trichloroethane |
| wln: gxgg1 |
| .alpha.-trichloroethane |
| chlorothane nu |
| 1,1 trichloroethane |
| 1,1-tricloroetano |
| 1,1-trichloorethaan |
| chlorothene |
| 71-55-6 |
| nci-c04626 |
| nsc-9367 |
| methylchloroform |
| chlorotene |
| chloroform, methyl- |
| inhibisol |
| inchi=1/c2h3cl3/c1-2(3,4)5/h1h |
| ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro- |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane |
| NCGC00091158-01 |
| tafclean |
| hcc 140a |
| ai3-02061 |
| baltana |
| dowclene ls |
| ici-cf 2 |
| trichloro-1,1,1-ethane [french] |
| three one a |
| genklene lb |
| three one s |
| rcra waste number u226 |
| cleanite |
| ethana nu |
| einecs 200-756-3 |
| f 140a |
| rcra waste no. u226 |
| un 2831 |
| un2831 |
| trichloromethylmethane |
| hsdb 157 |
| epa pesticide chemical code 081201 |
| 1,1,1-tricloroetano [italian] |
| tri-ethane |
| 1,1,1-trichloraethan [german] |
| chlorothene sm |
| nsc 9367 |
| caswell no. 875 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane [un2831] [poison] |
| trichloroethane, 1,1,1- |
| ccris 1290 |
| brn 1731614 |
| cf 2 |
| NCGC00091158-02 |
| un-2831 |
| rcra-u226 |
| CHEMBL16080 |
| trichloroethanes |
| 1,1,1-trichloro-ethane |
| C18246 |
| 1,1,1-tris(chloranyl)ethane |
| A837242 |
| NCGC00260667-01 |
| dtxsid0021381 , |
| cas-71-55-6 |
| dtxcid501381 |
| tox21_203122 |
| 25323-89-1 |
| 4-01-00-00138 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| 113c650ir1 , |
| unii-113c650ir1 |
| ec 200-756-3 |
| 1,1,1-tricloroetano |
| FT-0605938 |
| FT-0605984 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane [usp-rs] |
| trichloroethane [inci] |
| 1,1,1 trichloroethane [vandf] |
| trichloroethane [ii] |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane [mi] |
| 1,1,1 trichloroethane |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane [iarc] |
| methylchloroform [hsdb] |
| trichloroethane [mart.] |
| trichloroethane [vandf] |
| AKOS015899823 |
| 1-1-1-trichloroethane |
| gtpl5482 |
| SCHEMBL458743 |
| SCHEMBL16434 |
| solvethane |
| distillex ds1 |
| ethana |
| ch3ccl3 |
| chloroetene |
| 90229-85-9 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane-2-d1 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethan |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 97% |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane 100 microg/ml in methanol |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane 10 microg/ml in methanol |
| trichloroethane (van) |
| 1,1, 1-tricloroetano (italian) |
| methyl-chloroform |
| 1,1,1-trichlorathan |
| 1,1, 1-trichloraethan (german) |
| 1,1,1-trichloorethaan (dutch) |
| trichloro-1,1, 1-ethane (french) |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane (acd/name 4.0) |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane 1000 microg/ml in methanol |
| Q161268 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane (2,2,2-d3) |
| 19b - chlorinated solvents |
| 6 - vocs |
| 2e - residual solvents |
| 07b - chlorinated solvents |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Related compounds such as halothane may have a toxic interaction after exposure to trichloroethane." | ( Chronic cardiac toxicity after inhalation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Hugh-Jones, P; Jackson, G; Marjot, R; McLeod, AA; Monaghan, MJ, 1987) | 0.53 |
| " There were no toxic effects noted in male or female mice at any exposure concentration tested." | ( 1,1,1-trichloroethane formulation: a chronic inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in Fischer 344 rats and B6c3F1 mice. Calhoun, LL; Frauson, LE; Quast, JF, 1988) | 1.72 |
| " The results obtained are sufficiently reproducible to yield an order of cytotoxicity: hexachlorobutadiene is about 100-fold more toxic than chloroform or 1,2-dichloroethane; whereas, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is 10-fold more toxic than these two compounds." | ( [A study of the cytotoxicity of chloroform, 1-2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and hexachlorobutadiene to mouse L cells (author's transl)]. Chau, N; Elias, Z; Hartemann, P, 1981) | 0.69 |
| " There was evidence of slight hepatocytotoxicity at 10 g/kg, but no progression of injury nor appearance of adverse effects were seen during acute or short-term exposure." | ( Acute, short-term, and subchronic oral toxicity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in rats. Acosta, D; Bruckner, JV; Kyle, GM; Luthra, R; Mehta, SM; Muralidhara, S; Sethuraman, S, 2001) | 0.56 |
| " Other short-term and subchronic inhalation exposures confirmed acute and short-term exposure findings that the toxic effects of inhalation were a function of both concentration and time." | ( Final report on the safety assessment of Trichloroethane. , 2008) | 0.35 |
A unified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model was developed and used to describe the disposition of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in rats, mice, and humans. The PB-PK model was used to derive predicted safe concentrations of noncarcinogens in drinking water for humans based on experimentally determined no observed adverse effect levels.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The present study evaluates the sensitivity of pharmacokinetic model output to variability in the biochemical and metabolic input parameters." | ( Sensitivity analysis for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Hetrick, DM; Jarabek, AM; Travis, CC, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "A methodology for using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to derive predicted safe concentrations of noncarcinogens in drinking water for humans based on experimentally determined no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) in animals is presented and applied to the case of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform, MC)." | ( Pharmacokinetics for regulatory risk analysis: the case of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform). Bogen, KT; Hall, LC, 1989) | 0.7 |
| "A unified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model was developed and used to describe the disposition of methylchloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane, MC) in three different species (rats, mice, and humans) after four different routes of exposure (inhalation, intravenous injection, bolus gavage, and drinking water administration)." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with methylchloroform: implications for interspecies, high dose/low dose, and dose route extrapolations. Himmelstein, MW; McDougal, JN; Nolan, RJ; Reitz, RH; Schumann, AM, 1988) | 0.48 |
| " The magnitude of the PK component of the interindividual variability factor (IVF; also referred to as human kinetic adjustment factor (HKAF)) has previously been estimated using Monte Carlo approaches and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models." | ( Estimation of interindividual pharmacokinetic variability factor for inhaled volatile organic chemicals using a probability-bounds approach. Krishnan, K; Nong, A, 2007) | 0.34 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Due to the large surface area of the skin, percutaneous absorption has the potential to contribute significantly to the total bioavailability of some compounds." | ( Utility of real time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to determine the percutaneous absorption of methyl chloroform in rats and humans. Corley, RA; Edwards, JA; Hui, X; Maibach, HI; Poet, TS; Thrall, KD; Weitz, KK; Wester, RC, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Such species-specific TDCT patterns may be jointly ascribed to temperature-mediated changes in (1) the physiological response and susceptibility of the marine ectotherms to the chemical, (2) speciation and bioavailability of the chemical, and (3) toxicokinetics of the chemical in the organisms." | ( Temperature-dependent toxicities of four common chemical pollutants to the marine medaka fish, copepod and rotifer. Bao, VW; Leung, KM; Leung, PT; Li, AJ; Yi, AX, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " An important aim of the study was to delineate and contrast the toxicokinetics (TK) and bioavailability (F) of TRI and its well metabolized congener, TCE." | ( Effect of dose and exposure protocol on the toxicokinetics and first-pass elimination of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Bruckner, JV; Cummings, BS; Hines, C; Mortuza, T; Muralidhara, S; White, CA, 2018) | 0.69 |
Study aimed to clarify whether dose-response profiles of acute behavioral effects of 1,2-dichloroethane differ. Rats dosed with 1,1,1-trichloraethane by gavage inhaled ambient air through the valve.
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| polar solvent | A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| chloroethanes | A chloroalkane that is ethane in which one or more of the hydrogens is replaced by chlorine. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.7783 | 0.0032 | 45.4673 | 12,589.2998 | AID2517 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7943 | 0.0013 | 18.0743 | 39.8107 | AID926; AID938 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 74.5391 | 0.0015 | 30.6073 | 15,848.9004 | AID1224841 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.4827 | 0.0006 | 27.2152 | 1,122.0200 | AID651741 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 247 (43.64) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 98 (17.31) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 115 (20.32) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 87 (15.37) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 19 (3.36) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (67.30) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 2 (0.32%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 29 (4.66%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 48 (7.72%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 543 (87.30%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| monoisopropanolamine monoisopropanolamine: possible industrial pollutant; structure. 1-aminopropan-2-ol : Any amino alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; secondary alcohol | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2. | 6.32 | 29 | 0 | chloroethanes | hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent |
| 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 3.81 | 3 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| chloroacetaldehyde [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | chloroethanol | xenobiotic metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; plant metabolite |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 4.95 | 12 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| benzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzaldehydes | EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite |
| benzene [no description available] | 11.75 | 25 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 4.94 | 12 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 7.69 | 3 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| chloroacetic acid chloroacetic acid: urinary metabolite of vinyl chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroacetic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | chlorocarboxylic acid; haloacetic acid | alkylating agent; herbicide |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| 2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| 3-cresol 3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | xenobiotic |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | guaiacols | disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite |
| propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | xenobiotic |
| cytosine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| alanine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion | fundamental metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | chlorocyclohexane | |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 8.41 | 7 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| hydroquinone [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| indole [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 5.02 | 13 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; anilide | analgesic |
| naphthalene [no description available] | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene | apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide | analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent |
| n,n-dimethylaniline N,N-dimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dimethylaniline : A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylaniline : A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dimethylaniline; tertiary amine | |
| 1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.' | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 4.02 | 4 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids | allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin |
| 1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 4.58 | 8 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
| propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid | antifungal drug |
| pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrazole | |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 4 | 4 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| thiophane [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; tetrahydrothiophenes | |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-mercaptoacetate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | sulfur-containing carboxylic acid | |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 7.51 | 55 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| trimethylamine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | methylamines; tertiary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine | neurotoxin |
| 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene | defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| atrazine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azobenzenes | |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline | allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic |
| betaxolol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | propanolamine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. | 2 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
| biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| caffeine [no description available] | 7.68 | 3 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carbamazepine epoxide carbamazepine epoxide: metabolite of carbamazepine; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide : An epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; epoxide; ureas | allergen; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite |
| chloral hydrate [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| 4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cresol | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin |
| dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione | muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | primary amine | |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT. | 4.98 | 5 | 0 | chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes | human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 6.89 | 39 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene | environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
| epinastine epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; guanidines | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; ophthalmology drug |
| ethenzamide ethenzamide: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 9.57 | 8 | 0 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| flumequine flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolone antibiotic | |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| heptachlor Heptachlor: A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989). heptachlor : A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide | agrochemical; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant |
| hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein. | 2 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 4.35 | 6 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
| lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects. | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine insecticide | |
| methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
| metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative |
| oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| 4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
| 4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | insecticide |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 8.37 | 7 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 2 | 1 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diaminopyridine; monoazo compound | anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 9.68 | 9 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. | 2 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester | acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative | H1-receptor antagonist |
| secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| sodium fluoride [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
| sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols | dye |
| sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| tegafur [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
| tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid | |
| bromoform bromoform: structure | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes | |
| triclosan [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
| trifluoperazine [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amine | |
| trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 6.98 | 32 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide | GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| aniline [no description available] | 4 | 4 | 0 | anilines; primary arylamine | |
| dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | geroprotector; mutagen |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 6.92 | 39 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| hexachloroethane [no description available] | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethanes | carcinogenic agent; refrigerant |
| bromoacetate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | formamides; volatile organic compound | geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| 4-toluenesulfonamide 4-toluenesulfonamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. toluene-4-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4. | 2 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482) | 3.02 | 5 | 0 | chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | xenobiotic metabolite |
| isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides | algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite |
| ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms. | 6.23 | 27 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | plant metabolite; refrigerant |
| ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | plant hormone; refrigerant |
| acetylene [no description available] | 7.91 | 4 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group. | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | chloromethanes; methyl halides | marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant |
| methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | iodomethanes; methyl halides | fumigant insecticide |
| methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine | mouse metabolite |
| bromoethane bromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; refrigerant; solvent |
| bromochloromethane bromochloromethane: inhibitor of ruminal methane production. bromochloromethane : A halomethane that is chloromethane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | halomethane | |
| propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3. | 9.59 | 8 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant |
| methylacetylene methylacetylene: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead. | 5.37 | 19 | 0 | chloroethanes | antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic |
| vinyl chloride Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group. | 8.53 | 8 | 0 | chloroethenes; gas molecular entity; monohaloethene | carcinogenic agent |
| ethylamine ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | human metabolite |
| acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 12.55 | 34 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| difluoromethane difluoromethane: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | fluoromethanes | refrigerant |
| carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | |
| cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopropanes | inhalation anaesthetic |
| ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| bromodichloromethane bromodichloromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. bromodichloromethane : A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | halomethane | environmental contaminant; reagent |
| 2-propylamine 2-propylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alkylamines; primary aliphatic amine | |
| 1,1-dichloroethane [no description available] | 4.73 | 9 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| vinylidene chloride vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines. | 4.8 | 10 | 0 | chloroethenes | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| 1,1-difluoroethane [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1,1-difluoroethylene 1,1-difluoroethylene: structure | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | olefinic compound; organofluorine compound | |
| dichlorofluoromethane [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent. | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | acyl chloride | |
| fluorocarbon 22 [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hydrochlorofluorocarbon | |
| nitromethane nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | primary nitroalkane; volatile organic compound | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; explosive; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | |
| bromotrichloromethane Bromotrichloromethane: A potent liver poison. In rats, bromotrichloromethane produces about three times the degree of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation as does carbon tetrachloride. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 4 | 4 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| trichlorofluoromethane trichlorofluoromethane: refrigerant, aerosol propellant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trichlorofluoromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | chlorofluorocarbon; halomethane | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound; NMR solvent; refrigerant |
| dichlorodifluoromethane dichlorodifluoromethane: refrigerant,aerosol propellant | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol | protic solvent |
| trichloroacetaldehyde trichloroacetaldehyde : An organochlorine compound that consists of acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; organochlorine compound | mouse metabolite |
| 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane: volatile metabolite of halothane | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound | |
| trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalcohol | |
| pentachloroethane [no description available] | 7.7 | 3 | 0 | chloroethanes | non-polar solvent |
| trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 10.16 | 15 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent |
| freon 114 Freon 114: InChIKey: DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perfluoroethane [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon | refrigerant |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| isopentane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | refrigerant |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 4.01 | 4 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| propylene dichloride propylene dichloride: Russian drug; structure. 1,2-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of two adjacent carbons has been replaced by chlorines. | 4.49 | 7 | 0 | chloroalkane; volatile organic compound | |
| 2,3-dichloro-1-propene 2,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol | |
| methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2. | 5.03 | 13 | 0 | butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound | bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| 1,1,2-trichloroethane 1,1,2-trichloroethane: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified. 1,1,2-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2. | 12.75 | 56 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 9.07 | 113 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| dichloroacetaldehyde [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | metabolite |
| n-methylacetamide N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | metabolite |
| methyl acetate methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; fragrance; polar aprotic solvent |
| methyl chloroformate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitroethane nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | primary nitroalkane | |
| 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2. | 6.07 | 16 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| dichloroacetic acid [no description available] | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | astringent; marine metabolite |
| pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
| bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | bisphenol | endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen |
| bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid: a metabolite of DDT; RN given refers to parent cpd.. bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid : A organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid having two 4-chlorophenyl substituents attached at the 2-position. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | |
| acenaphthene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acenaphthenes | |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | flavin | |
| 9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | anthraquinone | |
| fluorene [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
| 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3. | 3.81 | 3 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| 2,6-dichlorophenol 2,6-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,6-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorophenol | |
| hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| hexamethylbenzene hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | methylbenzene | |
| 2-tert-butylphenol [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| 2-isopropylphenol 2-isopropylphenol: structure given in first source. 2-isopropylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| 2-nitrotoluene nitrotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes bearing one or more nitro substituents on the benzene ring. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | mononitrotoluene | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant |
| 2-nitroaniline [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-nitrophenol nitrophenol : Any member of the class of phenols or substituted phenols carrying at least 1 nitro group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols | |
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| 1-methylnaphthalene 1-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalene | carcinogenic agent; plant metabolite |
| 1-chloronaphthalene 1-chloronaphthalene: word preservative; in xylamon the active ingredient is 60% 1-chloronaphthalene; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2126 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | naphthol | genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| quinoline [no description available] | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines | |
| 2-methylnaphthalene 2-methylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalene | |
| 2-chloronaphthalene 2-chloronaphthalene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naphthacene tetracene : An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acene; tetracenes | |
| diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 5.54 | 13 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative |
| benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; substituted aniline | carcinogenic agent |
| methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester | insect attractant; metabolite |
| 2-xylene 2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | xylene | |
| 2-chlorotoluene 2-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-dichlorobenzene 2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. | 4.03 | 4 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | hepatotoxic agent; metabolite |
| 2-toluidine 2-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aminotoluene | carcinogenic agent |
| 2-bromophenol bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | bromophenol | marine metabolite |
| 2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; monochlorophenol | |
| pseudocumene 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | neurotoxin |
| 3,4-dimethylphenol 3,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| 2,5-xylenol 2,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols | animal metabolite; volatile oil component |
| durene durene: structure. durene : A tetramethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetramethylbenzene | |
| 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for bromine & chlorine moieties | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| 3-methylpentane 3-methylpentane : An alkane that is pentane which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant and as a raw material for producing carbon black. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | allelochemical; human metabolite; non-polar solvent |
| 1,2,3-trichloropropane [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| diethyl ketone diethyl ketone: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. pentan-3-one : A pentanone that is pentane carrying an oxo group at position 3. It has been isolated from Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma infestans. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | pentanone | animal metabolite |
| methylcyclopentane methylcyclopentane: toxic; RN 96-37-7. methylcyclopentane : A cycloalkane that is cyclopentane substituted by a single methyl group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | cycloalkane; volatile organic compound | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cyclopentanol [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanols | |
| ethyl 2-methylpropanoate ethyl isobutyrate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of isobutyric acid with ethanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ethyl ester | plant metabolite |
| tert-butylbenzene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benzotrifluoride alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: structure in first source. (trifluoromethyl)benzene : A fluorohydrocarbon that is fluoroform in which the hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; fluorohydrocarbon | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent |
| benzenesulfonamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4. | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | phenols | allergen |
| 4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene 4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for chloride & trifluoromethyl moieties; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cumene cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | acetophenones | animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline. | 4 | 4 | 0 | nitroarene; nitrobenzenes | |
| 3-nitrotoluene [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | mononitrotoluene | |
| 3-nitroaniline 3-nitroaniline: used as a sole source of nitrogen , carbon and energy | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. | 2 | 1 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones | allergen |
| 3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dinitrobenzene | neurotoxin |
| 4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monoterpene; toluenes | human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 4-nitroaniline [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | nitroaniline | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| 4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
| ethylbenzene [no description available] | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamine; primary amine | allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; nitrile | |
| methylaniline methylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylaniline : A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methylaniline; phenylalkylamine; secondary amine | |
| anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. | 4 | 4 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene | plant metabolite |
| methylphenylsulfide thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzenes | |
| 1,2-dihydrostilbene 1,2-dihydrostilbene: intermdiate in biosynthesis of dihydrophenanthrenes from phenylalanine. 1,2-dihydrostilbene : A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diphenylethane | |
| n-propylbenzene n-propylbenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. propylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| n-butylbenzene butylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butyl group at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| ethyl propionate ethyl propionate: cholesterol gallstone solvent. ethyl propionate : A propanoate ester of ethanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | propanoate ester | metabolite |
| ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester | plant metabolite |
| 2,4-dimethylphenol 2,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; phenols | disinfectant; volatile oil component |
| 1,4-dibromobenzene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibromobenzene | |
| 4-bromophenol 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | bromophenol | human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite |
| 4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | xylene | |
| 4-chlorotoluene 4-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | |
| 4-chloroaniline 4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | chloroaniline; monochlorobenzenes | |
| 4-toluidine 4-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aminotoluene | |
| ethylene dibromide Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae. | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon | algal metabolite; carcinogenic agent; fumigant; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. | 3.52 | 8 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant; refrigerant |
| 1-butene but-1-ene : A butene with unsaturation at position 1. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | butene | |
| 1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | butadiene | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| 1-bromo-2-chloroethane 1-bromo-2-chloroethane : A haloalkane that is bromoethane substituted by chlorine at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound | mutagen |
| propylamine propylamine : A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alkylamines | |
| propionitrile propionitrile: structure. propionitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
| acrylonitrile [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent |
| methyl formate methyl formate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (31.5 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it has been used as a fumigant and larvicide for tobacco and food crops. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | formate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound | fumigant; insecticide; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| tetraethyl pyrophosphate tetraethyl pyrophosphate: topical agent for glaucoma; structure | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | organic diphosphate | |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 3.87 | 12 | 0 | alkane | |
| 2-pentanone pentanone : Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | methyl ketone; pentanone | plant metabolite |
| propylene glycol methyl ether propylene glycol methyl ether: RN given refers to unspecified methoxypropanol; structure | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methyl isobutyl ketone [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ketone | |
| 3-xylene m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3. | 4.58 | 8 | 0 | xylene | |
| 3-chloroaniline 3-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-chlorophenol 3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
| mesitylene mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | |
| 3,5-xylenol 3,5-xylenol: RN given refers to 3,5-isomer. 3,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols | xenobiotic metabolite |
| 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| bromobenzene [no description available] | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound | hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent |
| chlorobenzene [no description available] | 4.49 | 7 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | solvent |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| cyclohexanone [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol | |
| propyl acetate propyl acetate: affects aggression without affecting motor activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. propyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| butyl bromide [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 4.36 | 6 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| 1-pentene 1-pentene: structure in first source | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| butyl chloride butyl chloride: structure | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| n-butylamine n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
| dimethoxymethane dimethoxymethane : An acetal that is the dimethyl acetal derivative of formaldehyde. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetal; diether | |
| ethyl vinyl ether ethyl vinyl ether: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vinyl ether vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85) | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ether | |
| ethyl formate ethyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with ethanol.. ethoxycarbonyl group : An organyl group of formula -COOEt. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; formate ester | fumigant; plant metabolite |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
| furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| isobutyl acetate isobutyl acetate : The acetate ester of isobutanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isoamyl nitrite isoamyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having isopentyl as the alkyl group. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | nitrite esters | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| 2-ethoxyethanol 2-ethoxyethanol : A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | glycol ether; primary alcohol | protic solvent; teratogenic agent |
| cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | cycloalkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cycloalkene | |
| morpholine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| 2-octanone 2-octanone : A methyl ketone that is octane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone | metabolite |
| 1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | heptanol; primary alcohol | flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| propylene propylene: structure | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | refrigerant; xenobiotic |
| dimethyl ether dimethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two methyl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ether | |
| 2,2,2-trichloroethanol [no description available] | 4.46 | 7 | 0 | chloroethanol | mouse metabolite |
| diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | diester; phthalate ester | androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| isoquinoline [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; paraben | antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| cyclopentanone [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanones | Maillard reaction product |
| 3-nitrobenzoic acid 3-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent. | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | naphthol | antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1,3-dichloropropane 1,3-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by a chlorine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chloroalkane; chlorohydrocarbon | environmental contaminant; nematicide |
| hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; plant metabolite |
| dibutyl ether [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pregnenolone [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| 3-hydroxyanisole 3-hydroxyanisole: structure in first source. 3-methoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol having a methoxy-substituent at the 3-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | triazines | antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| 1,12-benzoperylene 1,12-benzoperylene: structure; see also record for benzoperylene | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| benzo(e)pyrene benzo(e)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzo[e]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes | |
| benzo(j)fluoranthene benzo(j)fluoranthene: dihydrodiol metabolites identified as mutagens; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
| fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| benzo(k)fluoranthene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| triphenylene triphenylene: structure. triphenylene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | |
| chrysene chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | plant metabolite |
| dibenzo(aj)anthracene dibenzo(aj)anthracene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
| benzo(a)fluorene benzo(a)fluorene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound | |
| benzo(b)fluorene benzo(b)fluorene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound | |
| adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| cyclooctane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| flurothyl Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ether | |
| perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic |
| diethyl sulfide ethyl sulfide : An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group.. diethyl sulfide : An ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ethyl sulfide | |
| 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-fluoroethanol [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-fluorophenol 3-fluorophenol: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluroxene fluroxene: was heading 1973-94; use ETHERS to search FLUROXENE 1973-94 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound | |
| fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | nitrite esters | vasodilator agent |
| propadiene [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | allenes | |
| glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
| cholanthrene cholanthrene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| menadiol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalenes; naphthalenediols; naphthohydroquinone | |
| bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin |
| dimethylacetylene dimethylacetylene: structure in source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-chloro-2-methylpropene [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| hemimellitene hemimellitene: structure. 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has been found in Centaurium erythraea. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | neurotoxin; plant metabolite |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| 4-chloroacetanilide 4-chloroacetanilide : Acetamide substituted on nitrogen by a para-chlorophenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; monochlorobenzenes | |
| Ethyl pentanoate ethyl valerate: a green apple flavoring agent | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ester | |
| 1-chloropropane 1-chloropropane: structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dichloroethylene 1,2-dichloroethylene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 3.42 | 7 | 0 | chloroethenes | |
| 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| 1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3. | 4.03 | 4 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| isobutyl nitrite isobutyl nitrite: ''recreational'' drug of abuse, sniffed. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nitrite esters | |
| 1-chlorohexane [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-nitrophenol [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 3-nitrophenols | |
| 3-chloro-2-methylprop-1-ene [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylnaphthalene | |
| lactulose [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | glycosylfructose | gastrointestinal drug; laxative |
| 2,3-dichlorophenol dichlorophenol : Any chlorophenol carrying chloro substituents. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,6-xylenol [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydroxytoluene | |
| 2-methoxybenzoic acid O-methylsalicylic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid | flavouring agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylnaphthalene | environmental contaminant |
| 1,2-dibromobenzene dibromobenzene : Any member of the class of bromobenzenes that consists of a benzene or a substituted benzene ring carrying two bromo groups at unspecified positions. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibromobenzene | |
| nitrosobenzene [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; nitroso compound | xenobiotic metabolite |
| 3-methylhexane 3-methylhexane: a biliary biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. 3-methylhexane : An alkane that is hexane substituted by a methyl group at position 3. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | human metabolite |
| 3,5-dichlorophenol 3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorophenol | |
| iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ketone | |
| 1-hexene 1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkene | |
| fluoromethane fluoromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. fluorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.. fluoromethane : A member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | fluorohydrocarbon; fluoromethanes; methyl halides | refrigerant |
| 2,2-dichloropropane 2,2-dichloropropane: a water pollutant | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diisopropylnitrosamine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | pentachlorobenzenes | persistent organic pollutant |
| 2-cyanophenol 2-cyanophenol: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; nitrile | |
| 2-methylanthracene 2-methylanthracene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methyl butyrate [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ester | |
| 2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | hexanol; secondary alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical |
| amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite |
| 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.. tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| triphenyltin chloride triphenyltin chloride: see also triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin hydroxide. fentin chloride : An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a chloro group. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; organotin compound | antifungal agrochemical; immunosuppressive agent |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent |
| dimethyl methylphosphonate [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-cyanophenol 4-cyanophenol: reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| 9-methylanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9,10-dimethylanthracene 9,10-dimethylanthracene: RN given refers to parent ion | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenylcyclohexane phenylcyclohexane: pyrolysis product of phencyclidine | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-phenylpyridine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenylpyridine | |
| diphenyl sulfoxide diphenyl sulfoxide: electron acceptor for liver aldehyde oxidase | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sulfoxide | |
| undecane undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| methyl phenyl sulfoxide (methylsulfinyl)benzene : A sulfoxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the sulfur atom of thioanisole. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; sulfoxide | |
| sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ether | fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent |
| 6-methylchrysene 6-methylchrysene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbopolycyclic compound | |
| 2,5-dihydrofuran 2,5-dihydrofuran: structure in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ||
| decane decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | alkane | |
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| decachlorobiphenyl decachlorobiphenyl: structure. decachlorobiphenyl : A polychlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pentachlorobenzenes; polychlorobiphenyl | |
| 12-methylbenzanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-methylphenanthrene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-methylbenzanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sulfur coordination entity | greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent |
| toliprolol toliprolol: was MH 1975-92 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1981-90, was DOBEROL see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-80); KOE 592 was see TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; use PROPANOLAMINES to search TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; beta adrenergic blockader with some stimulant action; it has been proposed for angina pectoris | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| 5-methylchrysene 5-methylchrysene: methylchrysenes in tobacco smoke are suspected to contribute to tumorigenicity of this inhalant; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbopolycyclic compound | |
| 5,6-dimethylchrysene 5,6-dimethylchrysene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-ethylbenz(a)anthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
| azatadine azatadine: indulian (UD 21;71k) is dimaleate; do not confuse with AZACITIDINE. azatadine : A benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine having a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group at the 11-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benoxaprofen 4-phenylcyclohexene: RN in Chemline for cpd without designation of unsaturation: 31017-40-0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-hydroxypyrene 1-hydroxypyrene: pyrene metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | pyrenes | |
| diaveridine diaveridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diaveridine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring carries amino substituents at C-2 and C-4 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at C-5. A folic acid antagonist, it is used as a synergist with sulfonamides against the parasitic Eimeria species. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine | antiparasitic agent; drug allergen |
| dimethindene Dimethindene: A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | indene | |
| limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene; p-menthadiene | human metabolite |
| olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| chlorphenamidine Chlorphenamidine: An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
| vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom | micronutrient |
| chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion | oxidising agent |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 3.82 | 11 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
| desmedipham desmedipham: structure. desmedipham : A carbamate ester that is phenylcarbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide. | 2 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene: 1st & 5th sources for unspecified isomer; RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified; structure in third source | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium bichromate sodium bichromate: RN given refers to di-Na salt | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
| titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
| menthone menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer). | 2 | 1 | 0 | menthone | |
| fluorides [no description available] | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| butyl acetate butyl acetate: structure. butyl acetate : The acetate ester of butanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite |
| 1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4. | 3.84 | 10 | 0 | dioxane; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent |
| thiodiacetic acid thiodiacetic acid: vinyl chloride metabolite in urine of rats | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | |
| chlorodibromomethane [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| chloroprene Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | chloroolefin | |
| tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 8.46 | 68 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
| dimethylacetamide hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | human metabolite |
| pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant |
| androstane-3,17-diol Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid | |
| cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl | |
| 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is p-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dichlorobiphenyl | |
| 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobiphenyl; monochlorobenzenes | |
| 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
| penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines | |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| miloxacin miloxacin: structure in second source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antiviral drug |
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| tiotidine tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | thiazoles | |
| alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester | environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic |
| cicletanine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| temelastine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
| trichloroacetamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| epsilon-decalactone [no description available] | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | lactone | |
| sodium persulfate sodium persulfate: RN given refers to peroxydisulfuric acid, di-Na salt | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fenclofenac fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| inaperisone inaperisone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| 4-phenylbenzoic acid 4-phenylbenzoic acid: RN given refers to 4-carboxylic cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trifluoroacetamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-trifluoromethylphenol 4-trifluoromethylphenol: metabolite of fluoxetine; structure in first source. 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is p-cresol in which the methyl group is perfluorinated. It is a metabolite of the drug fluoxetine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; phenols | drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite |
| delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | anthocyanidin chloride | |
| 5-iodouracil 5-iodouracil: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-iodouracil : An organoiodine compound consisting of uracil having an iodo substituent at the 5-position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organoiodine compound | antimetabolite |
| icotidine icotidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to tri-HCl | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
| tetracyanoquinodimethane tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alicyclic compound; nitrile; quinodimethane | |
| ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate: RN given refers to monomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| sk&f 95282 zolantidine: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
| tetrathiafulvalene tetrathiafulvalene: used in carbon paste amperometric enzyme electrode for the determination of glucose in flowing systems. tetrathiafulvalene : A member of the class of fulvalenes that is ethene substituted by 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | fulvalenes; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | |
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| l 663581 L 663581: structure given in first source; partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cdri 81-470 [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| camphora camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor. | 2 | 1 | 0 | camphor | |
| sodium percarbonate sodium percarbonate: RN given refers to unspecified Na salt | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbodiimide | |
| lilly 18947 Lilly 18947: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lilly 18947 refers to HBr salt | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| yh 1885 YH 1885: proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cortisone [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2-chlorobiphenyl 2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobiphenyl | |
| raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide | mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| 7-dehydrocholesterol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid; Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| (+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration. | 2 | 1 | 0 | limonene | plant metabolite |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
| ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid | antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide | carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| terbinafine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine | EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| n-methyl-n-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide | chromatographic reagent |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| nadp [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| n-ethylthiourea [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | thioureas | |
| nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| quinine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
| 5-nitroso-salicylate 5-nitroso-salicylate: metabolite of 5-aminosalicylic acid | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzoic acid | |
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| lupitidine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D | bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
| menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| codeine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phylloquinones; vitamin K | cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester | juvenile hormone mimic |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| menaquinone 9 menaquinone-9 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | menaquinone | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus pentoxide: drying agent for bacterial cultural extracts analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography; structure. diphosphonate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphonic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| vitamin a2 vitamin A2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol : A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | retinoid; vitamin A | human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nifuroxime 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| zeolites [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sch 442416 SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligand | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | triazolopyrimidines | |
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mannans [no description available] | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | ||
| peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | ||
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| ganciclovir [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| eye [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vermiculite [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aneuploid [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 5.2 | 8 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 5.2 | 8 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 5.38 | 14 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 6.56 | 27 | 0 |
| B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Spleen [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 4.61 | 27 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 4.61 | 27 | 0 |
| Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 7.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Anti-GBM Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease An autoimmune disease of the KIDNEY and the LUNG. It is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeting the epitopes in the non-collagenous domains of COLLAGEN TYPE IV in the basement membranes of kidney glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) and lung alveoli (PULMONARY ALVEOLI), and the subsequent destruction of these basement membranes. Clinical features include pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
| Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cornea Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Malignancies [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 5 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 7.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hand Dermatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Paraphilias [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 7.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. | 0 | 7.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Abortion, Tubal [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormality, Heart [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Rectum [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Morbid Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 7.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cacosmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Atelectasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Apnea, Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 6.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hives [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychoses, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |