Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Flexor Tendon Entrapment

A painful disability in the hand affecting the finger or thumb. It is caused by mechanical impingement of the digital flexor tendons as they pass through a narrowed retinacular pulley at the level of the metacarpal head. Thickening of the sheath and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can occur, and nodules can form. (From Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 5th ed, p2137-58).

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Trigger Digits
Flexor Tendon Entrapment
Trigger Finger Disorder
Trigger Thumb
Snapping Finger

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Trigger thumb is a common hand disability in children and is primarily treated with open surgery."( Liu, J; Liu, W; Tan, X; Wang, S, 2018)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Surgical release of pediatric trigger thumbs has been recommended as definitive treatment, although controversy exists over the natural history of pediatric trigger thumb."( Hutchinson, DT; Montanez, A; Rane, AA, 2021)

Research

Studies (145)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19903 (2.07)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's17 (11.72)18.1394
2010's78 (53.79)28.8240
2020's47 (32.41)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
acetaminophen0medium32
anastrozole0low10
bupivacaine0medium21
celecoxib0low10
diclofenac0low20
ibuprofen0medium22
lidocaine0medium209
ketamine0low10
ketorolac0low20
khellin0low10
letrozole0low10
apnea0low10
prilocaine0medium22
sevoflurane0low10
phentolamine0low10
penicillamine0low10
methylprednisolone acetate0medium55
methicillin0low10
methylene blue0low10
valine0low10
isoleucine0low10
triamcinolone acetonide0medium199
methylprednisolone0medium97
betamethasone0medium54
triamcinolone hexacetonide0medium11
trolamine salicylate0low90
triamcinolone0medium134
remifentanil0low10
betamethasone sodium phosphate0medium11
fibrinogen0low20
betamethasone acetate phosphate0medium11
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate0medium11
ropivacaine0medium31
cortisone0low10
epinastine0low10
sodium bicarbonate0medium11
etomidate0low10
tranilast0low10
hydrocodone0medium21
oxycodone0medium11
piperidines0low10
warfarin0low10
exudates0low10

Protein Targets (503)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma8008
ATAD5 protein, partial7007
GLS protein5005
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
Smad35005
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A17007
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
progesterone receptor100010
EWS/FLI fusion protein7007
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 16006
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha8008
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha120012
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha170017
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma7007
aryl hydrocarbon receptor8008
chromobox protein homolog 1110011
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 29009
peripheral myelin protein 225005
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 19009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi9009
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30909
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40909
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90103
Bile salt export pump0303
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit6006
Bile salt export pump018018
Cytochrome P450 2B10001
Cytochrome P450 1A10001
Carbonic anhydrase 10505
Carbonic anhydrase 20606
Myoglobin0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10214
Cytochrome P450 1A20203
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10505
Carbonic anhydrase 30202
Cytochrome P450 3A40303
Cytochrome P450 2D60404
Cytochrome P450 2C9 09010
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-19009
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta9009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-29009
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60203
Glutamate receptor 26006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-59009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-39009
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0203
Carbonic anhydrase 40303
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10506
Carbonic anhydrase 60202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-19009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-29009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-49009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-39009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-69009
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0303
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20518
Carbonic anhydrase 70202
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Cytochrome P450 2J20404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-191010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-39009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-29009
Carbonic anhydrase 90505
GABA theta subunit9009
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10909
Carbonic anhydrase 150202
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon9009
Carbonic anhydrase 140202
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0303
toxin B0001
Free fatty acid receptor 30011
Free fatty acid receptor 20112
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0011
Fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 10101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE9009
AR protein160016
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 49009
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]160016
G7007
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a130013
Interferon beta9009
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 7007
Aromatase0404
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40202
Spike glycoprotein5005
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 17007
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial7007
thioredoxin reductase5005
TDP1 protein9009
arylsulfatase A6006
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2120012
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
lamin isoform A-delta10100010
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A3003
pregnane X receptor3003
GLI family zinc finger 3120012
farnesoid X nuclear receptor3003
pregnane X nuclear receptor100010
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor7007
IDH18008
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 25005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a4004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 27007
galanin receptor type 30101
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 17007
Glucocorticoid receptor010010
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1010010
Glycine receptor subunit beta010010
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2010010
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3010010
ORF730011
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30303
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20112
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II0101
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0011
ras protein, partial0011
glp-1 receptor, partial5005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit5005
SMAD family member 24004
USP1 protein, partial6006
PPM1D protein4004
SMAD family member 34004
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease2002
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)2002
cytochrome P450 2D66006
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
67.9K protein2002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta4004
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Rac1 protein0011
caspase-32002
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0011
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
activating transcription factor 63003
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a5005
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
Histone H2A.x2002
Caspase-71001
interferon gamma precursor0001
prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
caspase-31001
heat shock protein beta-15005
geminin120012
Prostaglandin E synthase0101
Histone deacetylase 30101
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0303
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0202
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 10101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20101
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20202
Cellular tumor antigen p537007
Procathepsin L0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Quinolone resistance protein NorA0101
Adenosine receptor A30202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20101
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0527
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0416
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0213
Adenosine receptor A10202
Cruzipain0202
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0011
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Mu-type opioid receptor0404
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0304
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0527
Urotensin-2 receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Histone deacetylase 40101
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0011
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20505
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0303
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20303
Histone deacetylase 10101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0304
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Cyclooxygenase-2 0101
Histone deacetylase 70101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Histone deacetylase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 40303
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 57007
Ataxin-29009
Histone deacetylase 80101
P2Y purinoceptor 120202
Histone deacetylase 60101
Histone deacetylase 90101
Histone deacetylase 50101
Chain A, HADH2 protein3003
Chain B, HADH2 protein3003
endonuclease IV1001
dopamine D1 receptor2002
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 13003
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor2002
flap endonuclease 13003
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
M-phase phosphoprotein 82002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10011
TAR DNA-binding protein 434004
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10303
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B100101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10112
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0303
Transthyretin0013
Albumin0336
Interleukin-80101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0314
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70103
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30002
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)5005
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20022
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10112
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20112
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20112
Transporter0101
phosphopantetheinyl transferase4004
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0202
Mu-type opioid receptor0213
Kappa-type opioid receptor0112
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20011
Luciferase4004
NFKB1 protein, partial3003
nonstructural protein 13003
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 13003
snurportin-13003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 15005
Acid-sensing ion channel 30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Albumin0102
Albumin0022
Cholinesterase0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0102
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Caspase-10202
Adenosine receptor A2a0112
Substance-P receptor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Caspase-30202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10101
Caspase-40202
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Caspase-50202
Caspase-90202
Acid-sensing ion channel 10101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
acetylcholinesterase3003
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10202
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0202
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0202
Cholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0202
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor2002
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
Cell division control protein 42 homolog0101
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 10101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 10101
GALC protein1001
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 12002
mitogen-activated protein kinase 14004
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 12002
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b1001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 21001
Estrogen receptor0101
Steryl-sulfatase0101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20404
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE1001
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain0101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase3003
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain1001
T cell receptor, partial1001
luteinizing hormone receptor1001
integrase, partial0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
Fumarate hydratase1001
TSHR protein1001
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 10101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase2002
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial1001
polyprotein1001
luciferase1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B4004
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor3003
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursor0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
huntingtin isoform 21001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
DNA polymerase beta1001
caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 11001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor4004
plasminogen precursor4004
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor4004
Vpr1001
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
POsterior Segregation0011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Glutathione reductase0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0102
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0102
Microtubule-associated protein tau0112
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0326
Alpha-synuclein1001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0102
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 0102
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase3003
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Androgen receptor0202
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0011
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0011
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0011
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase0101
ClpP1001
Hsf1 protein0011
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0214
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0214
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0224
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0224
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0224
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0213
Histamine H1 receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Nischarin0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
MSH0001
Thrombopoietin1001
Parkin1001
pyruvate kinase1001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 12002
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform b1001
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase0101
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Ornithine decarboxylase1001
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20101
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein0101
Chain A, Arginase 10101
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 70101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 10101
Protease 0101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 0202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]