oridonin profile

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Rabdosia	genus	[no description available]	Lamiaceae	The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5321010
CHEMBL ID	1164920
CHEBI ID	138236
SCHEMBL ID	19217133
MeSH ID	M0058624
PubMed CID	102004437
MeSH ID	M0058624

Synonym
kaur-16-en-15-one, 7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (1alpha,6beta,7alpha,14r)-
nsc 250682
(1-alpha,6-beta,7-alpha,14r)-7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxykaur-16-en-15-one
kaur-16-en-15-one, 7-alpha,20-epoxy-1-alpha,6-beta,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (14r)-
(14r)-7-alpha,20-epoxy-1-alpha,6-beta,7,14-tetrahydroxykaur-16-en-15-one
CURATOR_000006
oridonine
(1alpha,6beta,7alpha,14r)-7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxykaur-16-en-15-one
CHEBI:138236
(1alpha,5beta,6beta,7alpha,8alpha,9beta,10alpha,13alpha,14r)-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxy-7,20-epoxykaur-16-en-15-one
CHEMBL1164920 ,
unii-0apj98uclq
0apj98uclq ,
kaur-16-en-15-one, 7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (1.alpha.,6.beta.,7.alpha.,14r)-
kaur-16-en-15-one, 7.alpha.,20-epoxy-1.alpha.,6.beta.,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (14r)-
oridonin [inci]
AKOS025310967
rubescensin
CCG-208386
rubescenin
SCHEMBL19217133
Z2037317501
AS-15421
CS-0007086
HY-N0004
(1\|a,6\|a,7\|a,14r)-1,5,6,14-tetrahydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-8-methylenedecahydro-1h-6,11b-(epoxymethano)-6a,9-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalen-7(8h)-one
7?,20-epoxy-1?,6?,7,14-tetrahydroxykaur-16-en-15-one
H10339
Q27236543
DTXSID201021760
O0387
bdbm50605174
28957-04-2
oridonin ,
AKOS037514764

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results suggest that oridonin may be a potential antileukemia agent that targets AE oncoprotein at residue D188 with low adverse effect, and may be helpful for the treatment of patients with t(8;21) AML."	( Oridonin, a diterpenoid extracted from medicinal herbs, targets AML1-ETO fusion protein and shows potent antitumor activity with low adverse effects on t(8;21) leukemia in vitro and in vivo. Chen, J; Chen, SJ; Chen, Z; Gao, L; Gu, LJ; Kang, H; Liu, P; Shen, ZX; Wang, L; Wang, ZY; Weng, XQ; Xie, J; Yan, M; Zhang, DE; Zhang, FX; Zhou, GB, 2007)	0.34

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To study the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic behavior of oridonin and its extent of absolute oral bioavailability in rats."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviors and oral bioavailability of oridonin in rat plasma. Chen, DW; Cui, SM; He, ZG; Ma, B; Sun, J; Xu, W; Zhang, TT, 2006)	0.33
" The concentrations of oridonin in rat plasma were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC/ESI-MS) method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviors and oral bioavailability of oridonin in rat plasma. Chen, DW; Cui, SM; He, ZG; Ma, B; Sun, J; Xu, W; Zhang, TT, 2006)	0.33
"The plasma concentration of oridonin after intravenous administration decreased polyexponentially, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of oridonin were dose-independent within the examined range."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviors and oral bioavailability of oridonin in rat plasma. Chen, DW; Cui, SM; He, ZG; Ma, B; Sun, J; Xu, W; Zhang, TT, 2006)	0.33
" The results showed that oridonin nanosuspension A exhibited pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties similar to solution due to its rapid dissolution in blood circulation."	( Studies on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oridonin nanosuspensions. Chen, M; Dai, W; Duan, C; Gao, L; Jia, L; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2008)	0.35
" This HPLC method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of ORI-loaded poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(caprolactone) copolymer nanoparticles (ORI-PCL-PEO-PCL-NP) in rabbits, given as a single intravenous injection at the dose equivalent to 2mg of ORI/kg, and the pharmacokinetic parameters for ORI were compared with a single intravenous injection of a ORI solution at the same dose."	( An HPLC method for determination of oridonin in rabbits using isopsoralen as an internal standard and its application to pharmacokinetic studies for oridonin-loaded nanoparticles. Feng, N; Liu, Y; Mei, Y; Wei, L; Xu, J; Zhao, J, 2008)	0.35
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were accessed by 3P97."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics of oridonin in mice]. Li, J; Yao, H; Zheng, H, 2011)	0.37
" The pharmacokinetic equation was C = 16."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics of oridonin in mice]. Li, J; Yao, H; Zheng, H, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetics of oridonin liposomes in rats was determined by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated by Kinetica(TM) software were compared with conventional oridonin liposomes and solution."	( [Preparation of freeze-dried long-circulation oridonin liposomes and their pharmacokinetics in rats]. Lin, H; Qu, C; Sun, X; Tang, Y; Yu, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Intravenous injected oridonin fitted with two-compartment pharmacokinetic model."	( [Preparation of freeze-dried long-circulation oridonin liposomes and their pharmacokinetics in rats]. Lin, H; Qu, C; Sun, X; Tang, Y; Yu, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic analysis displayed that ORI-GB-NP and ORI-loaded BSA nanoparticle (ORI-BSA-NP) could enhance the drug plasma level and prolong the circulation time in contrast with ORI solution."	( Galactosylated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for parenteral delivery of oridonin: tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies. Guo, H; Guo, Y; Hao, L; Li, C; Li, T; Liu, G; Zhang, D; Zhang, Q; Zheng, D, 2014)	0.4
" The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Rb1, naringin, ginsenoside Rb2 and oridonin in rats after oral administration of a Weifuchun tablet."	( Simultaneous determination of ginsenoside Rb1, naringin, ginsenoside Rb2 and oridonin in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Weifuchun tablet. Du, Y; Jin, Y; Ma, Y; Tian, T; Xu, H, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a compartmental modeling approach using PKsolver software."	( Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of oridonin-loaded liposomes. Lin, FE; Wang, J; Zhang, XY; Zhang, YP, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Many lead compounds fail to reach clinical trials despite being potent because of low bioavailability attributed to their insufficient solubility making solubility a primary and crucial factor in early phase drug discovery."	( Structural modification aimed for improving solubility of lead compounds in early phase drug discovery. Baidya, ATK; Das, B; Kumar, R; Mathew, AT; Yadav, AK, 2022)	0.72
"To study the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic behavior of oridonin and its extent of absolute oral bioavailability in rats."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviors and oral bioavailability of oridonin in rat plasma. Chen, DW; Cui, SM; He, ZG; Ma, B; Sun, J; Xu, W; Zhang, TT, 2006)	0.33
"First order rate pharmacokinetics were observed for oridonin within the range of iv doses, while the extent of absolute oral bioavailability was rather low and dose- dependent."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviors and oral bioavailability of oridonin in rat plasma. Chen, DW; Cui, SM; He, ZG; Ma, B; Sun, J; Xu, W; Zhang, TT, 2006)	0.33
"The objective of this study was to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug, oridonin."	( Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of oridonin. Feng, N; Liu, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, P, 2008)	0.35
"We developed solid dispersions, using the gas anti-solvent technique (GAS), to improve the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble active component oridonin."	( Development and in-vivo assessment of the bioavailability of oridonin solid dispersions by the gas anti-solvent technique. Feng, N; Li, S; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Zhao, J; Zhao, L, 2011)	0.37
" The method was sensitive and reliable and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of Herba Isodi Rubescentis extract in rats."	( Simultaneous determination of oridonin, ponicidin and rosmarinic acid from Herba Isodi Rubescentis extract by LC-MS-MS in rat plasma. Li, J; Liu, Y; Ma, B; Wang, Y; Xu, Q; Ying, H; Zhang, Q, )	0.13
" Here a novel biotin-modified nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was developed to enhance the bioavailability of Ori."	( Nanostructured lipid carriers used for oral delivery of oridonin: an effect of ligand modification on absorption. Ma, Z; Wang, H; Wu, B; Ye, Y; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhou, X, 2015)	0.42
" Bioavailability studies showed that nanosuspensions with Odn-CICs can significantly promote the oral absorption of Odn with a relative bioavailability of 213."	( Nanosuspensions Containing Oridonin/HP-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement via Improved Dissolution and Permeability. Lan, Y; Shi, Z; Wu, B; Zhang, T; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
"To improve the solubility and bioavailability of oridonin (ORI), glycerol monooleate lipid (GMO)- or phytantriol (PYT)-Poloxamer 407-propylene glycol-water systems were firstly used to develop cubosomes containing ORI for oral delivery."	( Comparative studies on glycerol monooleate- and phytantriol-based cubosomes containing oridonin in vitro and in vivo. Gu, Y; Han, K; Hu, C; Huang, J; Huang, Y; Li, G; Mei, L; Pan, X; Peng, T; Shi, X; Wu, C, 2017)	0.46
" Understanding the mucosal transport of WGA-LPNs would help to improve bioavailability and ensure therapeutic efficacy."	( Mucosal transfer of wheat germ agglutinin modified lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for oral delivery of oridonin. Dang, B; Feng, N; Li, Z; Liang, J; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, M, 2017)	0.46
"X, covered the development of the I-type crystal, stability experiment, conversion rate research, bioavailability experiment, safety assessment, and solubility study."	( Recent Progress of Oridonin and Its Derivatives for the Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Gao, X; Hu, X; Hua, H; Li, D; Li, Z; Wang, Y; Xiao, Y; Xu, J; Xu, S; Zang, L, 2020)	0.56
" Oridonin is a natural product that has great cancer therapy potential while its poor bioavailability and targeting ability limited its clinical use."	( De Novo design of a humanized antiCD33 antibody-oridonin conjugate for acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Feng, H; He, P; Liu, R; Liu, Y; Niu, F; Wang, J; Wang, W; Zhang, M; Zhang, P, 2022)	0.72
" This can improve the stability and bioavailability of siRNA and the efficacy of siRNA monotherapy."	( Enhanced lysosomal escape of cell penetrating peptide-functionalized metal-organic frameworks for co-delivery of survivin siRNA and oridonin. Cai, M; Fu, T; Kong, J; Liu, J; Ni, J; Ruan, Y; Shi, W; Wang, K; Yao, A; Yao, Y; Yin, D; Yin, X; Zhu, Q; Zhu, R, 2023)	0.91
"This study aimed to find an effective method to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble natural compounds, and explore the action mechanisms of them to promote their application."	( The bioavailability enhancement and insight into the action mechanism of poorly soluble natural compounds from co-crystals preparation: Oridonin as an example. Du, YF; Hao, H; Jia, XM; Jin, YR; Sun, SL; Wang, J; Wang, N; Yang, MX; Yang, ZN; Zhang, Q, 2024)	1.44
"This study has presented novel approaches for enhancing the bioavailability and drug efficacy of natural compounds, while also offering fresh insights into the underlying action mechanisms of pharmaceutical cocrystals."	( The bioavailability enhancement and insight into the action mechanism of poorly soluble natural compounds from co-crystals preparation: Oridonin as an example. Du, YF; Hao, H; Jia, XM; Jin, YR; Sun, SL; Wang, J; Wang, N; Yang, MX; Yang, ZN; Zhang, Q, 2024)	1.44

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Oridonin could suppress H1688 cell proliferation and induce their apoptosis in a high dosage treatment (20 μmol/L)."	( Oridonin inhibits the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Bi, Y; Chen, J; Xu, L; Xu, W; Xu, Y; Zhang, S; Zhang, Z, 2020)	0.56
" Combination therapy represents a potential strategy to reduce the therapeutic dosage of the chemotherapeutic agent and minimize its side effects."	( Oridonin enhances antitumor effects of doxorubicin in human osteosarcoma cells. Becerra, J; Kazantseva, L; Santos-Ruiz, L, 2022)	0.72
"The combined use of oridonin and doxorubicin could help to reduce the clinical dosage of doxorubicin and its dangerous side effects."	( Oridonin enhances antitumor effects of doxorubicin in human osteosarcoma cells. Becerra, J; Kazantseva, L; Santos-Ruiz, L, 2022)	0.72

Role	Description
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
angiogenesis inhibitor	An agent and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.
apoptosis inducer	Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
anti-asthmatic agent	Any compound that has anti-asthmatic effects.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
antibacterial agent	A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
organic heteropentacyclic compound
enone	An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
cyclic hemiketal	A hemiacetal having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.
secondary alcohol	A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
ent-kaurane diterpenoid	A diterpenoid compound having an ent-kaurane skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8100	0.0004	1.4419	10.0000	AID1908337
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytosol	NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3	Mus musculus (house mouse)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (103)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1432307	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1669260	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1595735	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human L02 cells to IC50 for human MCF7 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1432374	Toxicity in Balb/c nude mouse xenografted with human MCF7 cells assessed as changes in body weight at 20 mg/kg/day, iv for 4 weeks measured once in 2 days during compound dosing	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1567389	Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID1595732	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1609615	Antiproliferative activity against human MGC803 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel derivatives of Flexicaulin A condensation with amino acid trifluoroacetate.
AID1901831	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1908336	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236	Discovery of 4-((E)-3,5-dimethoxy-2-((E)-2-nitrovinyl)styryl)aniline derivatives as potent and orally active NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors for colitis.
AID1595801	Induction of apoptotic morphological change in human HCT116 cells assessed as loss of original morphology at 1 uM incubated for 24 hrs by haematoxylin-eosin staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1550694	Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 171	Effective enmein-type mimics of clinical candidate HAO472: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1595734	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human L02 cells to IC50 for human HCT116 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1595730	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1609612	Antiproliferative activity against human TE1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel derivatives of Flexicaulin A condensation with amino acid trifluoroacetate.
AID1595802	Induction of apoptotic morphological change in human HCT116 cells assessed as formation of unstructured state at 1 uM incubated for 24 hrs by haematoxylin-eosin staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1432308	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1901828	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1567385	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID1595790	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cell assessed as increase in caspase9 protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1669263	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-453 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1866020	Thermodynamic aqueous solubility of the compound	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 56	Structural modification aimed for improving solubility of lead compounds in early phase drug discovery.
AID1432305	Antiproliferative activity against human MGC803 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID762090	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 18 hrs by MTS assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Bioactive ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii.
AID1432377	Nephrotoxicity in Balb/c nude mouse xenografted with human MCF7 cells assessed as morphological changes in kidney at 20 mg/kg/day, iv for 4 weeks by hematoxylin and eosin staining based microscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1901833	Antiproliferative activity against mouse H22 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1432376	Hepatotoxicity in Balb/c nude mouse xenografted with human MCF7 cells assessed as morphological changes in liver at 20 mg/kg/day, iv for 4 weeks by hematoxylin and eosin staining based microscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1595803	Induction of apoptotic morphological change in human HCT116 cells assessed as formation of volume swelling at 1 uM incubated for 24 hrs by haematoxylin-eosin staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1567388	Antiproliferative activity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID1432379	Toxicity in Balb/c nude mouse xenografted with human MCF7 cells assessed as morphological changes in spleen at 20 mg/kg/day, iv for 4 weeks by hematoxylin and eosin staining based microscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1550698	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 171	Effective enmein-type mimics of clinical candidate HAO472: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1550697	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 171	Effective enmein-type mimics of clinical candidate HAO472: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1595796	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cell assessed as upregulation of p21 protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1432315	Antiproliferative activity against human BEL7404/CP20 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1595795	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cell assessed as upregulation of p53 protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1432306	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID762094	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Bioactive ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii.
AID1550696	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 171	Effective enmein-type mimics of clinical candidate HAO472: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1550699	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 171	Effective enmein-type mimics of clinical candidate HAO472: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1901832	Antiproliferative activity against human U-87 MG cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1669268	Antiproliferative activity against human DU4475 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1901827	Antiproliferative activity against human SMMC-7221 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1550695	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 171	Effective enmein-type mimics of clinical candidate HAO472: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1866072	Antiproliferative activity against ER-positive human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 56	Structural modification aimed for improving solubility of lead compounds in early phase drug discovery.
AID1901830	Antiproliferative activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1901836	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human L02 cells to IC50 for human SMMC-7721 cells	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1669264	Antiproliferative activity against human HCC1937 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1432313	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H460/MX20 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1901826	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1567456	Antitumour activity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells xenografted in nude mouse assessed as reduction in tumour weight at 10 mg/kg, iv administrated once every 3 days for 4 weeks relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID1567393	Inhibition of colony formation in human PLC/PRF/5 cells assessed as decrease in colony size at 0.001 to 1 uM incubated for 10 days by crystal violet staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID762096	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Bioactive ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii.
AID1595755	Induction in cell cycle arrest in human HCT116 cells assessed as inhibition in cyclin B1 protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID762091	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Bioactive ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii.
AID1595754	Induction in cell cycle arrest in human HCT116 cells assessed as inhibition in cyclin A protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1595798	Toxicity in athymic nu/nu mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells assessed as change in body weight at 25 mg/kg, ip administered once per day for 20 days and measured on day 21	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1595788	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cell assessed as decrease in Bcl2 protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1432310	Antiproliferative activity against human KB-3-1 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1901825	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1669261	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1567390	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human LO2 cells to IC50 for human PLC/PRF/5 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID1908335	Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-stimulated mouse J774.A1 cells assessed as reduction in pyroptosis at 10 uM pretreated for 4 hrs with LPS and for 30 mins with compound prior to ATP addition and measured after 30 mins by PI/Hoechst33342	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236	Discovery of 4-((E)-3,5-dimethoxy-2-((E)-2-nitrovinyl)styryl)aniline derivatives as potent and orally active NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors for colitis.
AID1432378	Toxicity in Balb/c nude mouse xenografted with human MCF7 cells assessed as morphological changes in lungs at 20 mg/kg/day, iv for 4 weeks by hematoxylin and eosin staining based microscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1567489	Cytotoxicity against human PBMC assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Hydrogen sulfide donating ent-kaurane and spirolactone-type 6,7-seco-ent-kaurane derivatives: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative properties.
AID1595787	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cell assessed as increase in Bax protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1595805	Induction of apoptotic morphological change in human HCT116 cells assessed as cell lysis at 1 uM incubated for 24 hrs by haematoxylin-eosin staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1567392	Inhibition of colony formation in human HepG2 cells at 0.1 to 1 uM incubated for 10 days by crystal violet staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID762092	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 18 hrs by Griess method	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Bioactive ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii.
AID1432346	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells at 10 to 50 uM after 24 hrs by LDH assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1432311	Antiproliferative activity against human KB/CP4 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1432314	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7404 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1595806	Induction of apoptotic morphological change in human HCT116 cells assessed as membrane shrinkage at 1 uM incubated for 24 hrs by haematoxylin-eosin staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1567484	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Hydrogen sulfide donating ent-kaurane and spirolactone-type 6,7-seco-ent-kaurane derivatives: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative properties.
AID1567387	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID1567487	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Hydrogen sulfide donating ent-kaurane and spirolactone-type 6,7-seco-ent-kaurane derivatives: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative properties.
AID1609613	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel derivatives of Flexicaulin A condensation with amino acid trifluoroacetate.
AID1567485	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Hydrogen sulfide donating ent-kaurane and spirolactone-type 6,7-seco-ent-kaurane derivatives: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative properties.
AID1432312	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID762095	Cytotoxicity against human SMMC7721 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Bioactive ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii.
AID1669271	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1595794	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cell assessed as inhibition of MDM2 protein expression at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1901835	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1669262	Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1567486	Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Hydrogen sulfide donating ent-kaurane and spirolactone-type 6,7-seco-ent-kaurane derivatives: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative properties.
AID1595731	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1432317	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human L02 cells to IC50 for human Bel7402 cells	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1595736	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human L02 cells to IC50 for human Bel7402 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1908337	Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS/nigericin-treated C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages assessed as reduction in IL-1beta secretion preincubated for 3 hrs with LPS and for 30 mins with compound prior to nigericin addition and me	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236	Discovery of 4-((E)-3,5-dimethoxy-2-((E)-2-nitrovinyl)styryl)aniline derivatives as potent and orally active NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors for colitis.
AID1595804	Induction of apoptotic morphological change in human HCT116 cells assessed as formation of condensed nuclei at 1 uM incubated for 24 hrs by haematoxylin-eosin staining based microscopic method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1432373	Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells xenografted in Balb/c nude mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 20 mg/kg/day, iv for 4 weeks relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1432375	Cardiotoxicity in Balb/c nude mouse xenografted with human MCF7 cells assessed as morphological changes in heart at 20 mg/kg/day, iv for 4 weeks by hematoxylin and eosin staining based microscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1609614	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel derivatives of Flexicaulin A condensation with amino acid trifluoroacetate.
AID1432347	Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells at 10 to 50 uM after 24 hrs by LDH assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-23, Volume: 60, Issue:4	A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway.
AID1595789	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cell assessed as increase in caspase3 protein expression level at 3 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1567488	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Hydrogen sulfide donating ent-kaurane and spirolactone-type 6,7-seco-ent-kaurane derivatives: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative properties.
AID1595797	Antitumor activity against human HCT116 cells xenografted in athymic nu/nu mouse assessed as tumour growth inhibition at 25 mg/kg, ip administered once per day for 20 days and measured on day 21 by caliper method relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1669270	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1901829	Antiproliferative activity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Identification of new potent anticancer derivatives through simplifying the core structure and modification on their 14- hydroxyl group from oridonin.
AID1595727	Cytotoxicity in human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
AID1669269	Antiproliferative activity against human HCC1806 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15	Identification of a Potent Oridonin Analogue for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
AID1567386	Antiproliferative activity against human RPMI8226 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the liver cancer cells.
AID1550693	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 171	Effective enmein-type mimics of clinical candidate HAO472: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID762093	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Bioactive ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii.
AID1595799	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10 (2.17)	18.7374
1990's	7 (1.52)	18.2507
2000's	78 (16.96)	29.6817
2010's	253 (55.00)	24.3611
2020's	112 (24.35)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (9.09%)	6.00%
Reviews	19 (4.09%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	10 (90.91%)	84.16%
Other	446 (95.91%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.21	1	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
phenytoin [no description available]	3.51	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	3.51	1	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.11	4	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	3.51	1	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	3.51	1	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.51	1	phthalimides; piperidones
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.29	5	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
3-heptyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylquinoline 3-heptyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylquinoline: structure given in first source	3.51	1
etravirine [no description available]	3.51	1	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
enmein enmein: structure	2.21	1	delta-lactone	metabolite
linezolid [no description available]	3.51	1	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.08	1	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
antofine antofine: structure in first source. (-)-antofine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is (13aR)-9,11,12,13,13a,14-hexahydrodibenzo[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline substituted at positions 2, 3 and 6 by methoxy groups. It is an alkaloid produced by relatives of the milkweed family and exhibits antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic and antitumorigenic activities.	3.51	1	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid; aromatic ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene 3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene: tyrosine kinase inhibitor that prevents platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation; structure in first source	2.41	1
4-methoxycinnamic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	cinnamic acids
ac 55649 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarboxylic acid: an RAR beta2 agonist; structure in first source	3.51	1	biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl
desmethylanethol trithione desmethylanethol trithione: metabolite of anethol trithione; structure given in first source	2.21	1
diosmin [no description available]	3.51	1	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
rilpivirine [no description available]	3.51	1	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
a 286982 A 286982: inhibits the interaction between leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1; structure in first source	3.51	1
SIS3 free base SIS3 free base : An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with the carboxy group of (2E)-3-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid.	3.51	1	aromatic ether; enamide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolopyridine; tertiary carboxamide	Smad3 inhibitor
bms-585248 [no description available]	3.51	1
tedizolid DA 7157: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. tedizolid : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a 2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl group at position 2 and by a 2-fluoro-4-[(5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl group at position 5. It is used as its phosphate pro-drug used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.	3.51	1	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; pyridines; tetrazoles	antimicrobial agent; drug metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
bms-626529 [no description available]	3.51	1
bms-663068 fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source	3.51	1
tedizolid phosphate tedizolid phosphate: a prodrug of DA-7157; structure in first source. tedizolid phosphate : A phosphate monoester resulting from the formal condensation of equimolar amounts of phosphoric acid with the hydroxy group of tedizolid . It is a prodrug of tedizolid, used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.	3.51	1	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone; phosphate monoester; pyridines; tetrazoles	antimicrobial agent; prodrug; protein synthesis inhibitor
psi 697 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(H)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid: inhibitor of P selectin that decreases vein wall injury in a rat stenosis model of venous thrombosis	3.51	1
amg 517 [no description available]	3.51	1
azd1283 [no description available]	3.51	1
(3R)-4-[2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-6-(1-methylsulfonylcyclopropyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-3-methylmorpholine [no description available]	3.51	1	indoles
7-chloro-3-methyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)phenyl)quinolin-4(1h)-one 7-chloro-3-methyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)phenyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one: an antimalarial; structure in first source	3.51	1
gs-9973 [no description available]	3.51	1
ddd107498 DDD107498: has antimalarial activity; structure in first source	3.51	1
lasiodin lasiodin: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Rabdosia serra; structure in first source	2.08	1
adenine [no description available]	2.96	4	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.03	1	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.21	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	7.25	1	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3	4	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.41	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	2.31	1	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.03	1	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.08	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.08	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.47	2	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	7.31	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
huperzine a huperzine A: RN given refers to 5R-(5alpha,9beta,11E)-isomer; structure given in first source. huperzine A : A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.	7.1	1	quinolone
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.82	2	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.02	1	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.57	2	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.8	3	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.41	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.25	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.11	1	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.03	1	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	3.3	6	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pifithrin pifithrin: a tetrahydrobenzothiazol; inhibitor of P53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy; structure in first source	2.47	2	aromatic ketone
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.41	1	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.08	1	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.05	1	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	2.02	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.41	1	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.81	3	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	1.99	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	7.25	1	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.41	1	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	8	4	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytarabine [no description available]	2.46	2	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	7.31	1	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.78	3	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.03	1	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.77	3	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
thiazoles [no description available]	3.32	6	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.1	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.13	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	7.31	1	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.21	1	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	3.76	2	thiazolidine
oleanolic acid [no description available]	7.25	1	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.04	1	furanocoumarin
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.31	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.58	2	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
paeonol paeonol: structure	7.07	1	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.34	6	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.49	2	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2.1	1	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	7.07	1
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.52	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.06	1
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.41	1	fluorescein isothiocyanate
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.21	1	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	7.15	1	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	7.17	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	7.76	2	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.41	1	calcium phosphate
misonidazole Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.	6.97	1
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.5	2	benzenes; phenyl acetates
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	7.08	1	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.61	2	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.1	1	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.21	1	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.49	2	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.21	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.72	3	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.06	1	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.41	1	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	7.52	2	1,2,3-triazole
tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	tocol
honokiol [no description available]	7.07	1	biphenyls
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	7.07	1	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
at 1258 nitrocaphane: structure	1.96	1
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.02	1	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.07	1	oligopeptide
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	2.44	2
triptolide [no description available]	3.25	1	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	8.61	2	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
celastrol [no description available]	2.03	1	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.81	3	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	7.13	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
methotrexate [no description available]	7.21	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.44	2	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gamma-glutamyl-leucine gamma-glutamyl-leucine: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. gamma-Glu-Leu : A glutamyl-L-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the amino group of leucine.	2.31	1	glutamyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	7.48	2	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.07	1
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.11	1	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.69	2	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.74	3	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
sorafenib [no description available]	3.14	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	7.21	1	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
wortmannin [no description available]	2.72	3	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
enmein enmein: structure	3.46	7	delta-lactone	metabolite
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	2.03	1
naringin [no description available]	7.11	1	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.07	1
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.96	4	cyclodextrin
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.05	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.07	1	actinomycin	mutagen
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.03	1	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.49	2	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.25	1	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.1	1
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	8.87	3	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	7.6	1	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.15	1	triol
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.47	2
wogonoside wogonoside: from Scutellaria baicalensis; structure in first source. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin.	3.21	1	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.11	1
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.03	1
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.31	1
bilirubin [no description available]	7.41	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.83	3	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
genistein [no description available]	2.03	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	7.46	2	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	3.31	1	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.15	1	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.1	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
andrographolide [no description available]	2.17	1	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.17	1	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.46	2	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.2	4	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
gw-5074 [no description available]	2.44	2
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	7.15	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
manumycin manumycin: an NSAID; RN given for (1S-(1alpha,3(2E,4E,6S*),5alpha,5(1E,3E,5E),6alpha))-isomer; a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor; from Streptomyces parvulus; MF C31-H38-N2-O7; structure given in first source. manumycin A : A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties.	2.95	4	enamide; epoxide; organic heterobicyclic compound; polyketide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol	antiatherosclerotic agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
plastochromanol 8 plastochromanol 8: has antiproliferative activity against 3T3-L1 cells and anti-adipogenic activity; structure; plastochromanol 3 is gamma-tocotrienol	2.11	1
songorine songorine: RN given refers to parent cpd; diterpene alkaloid from Aconitum karakolicum Rap.	2.11	1
gamma-glutamylvaline gamma-glutamylvaline: improves the bitter taste of valine. gamma-Glu-Val : A glutamyl-L-amino acid that is the N-(L-gamma-glutamyl) derivative of L-leucine.	2.31	1	glutamyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.02	1	ammonium ion derivative
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	3.21	1	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
nodosin nodosin: has anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from Isodon serra; structure in first source	2.07	1	delta-lactone	metabolite
7-aminoactinomycin d 7-aminoactinomycin D: staining reagent used in flow cytometry	2.07	1
glaucocalyxin a glaucocalyxin A: chemical constituent of Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx	2.31	1
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.07	1
nutlin-3a nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source	2.15	1	stilbenoid
dactolisib dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.	2.53	2	imidazoquinoline; nitrile; quinolines; ring assembly; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
bleomycetin bleomycetin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2
kamebakaurin kamebakaurin: isolated from leaves and stems of Radbosia serra (Maxim) Hara; structure given in first source	1.98	1
adenanthin adenanthin: inhibits both peroxiredoxin I and II; isolated from Rabdosia adenantha; structure in first source	3.21	1
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.31	1	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	4.07	14
eriocalyxin b eriocalyxin B: isolated from Isodon Eriocalyx; structure in first source	2.03	1
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.31	1	glycoside
jsh 23 4-methyl-N1-(3-phenylpropyl)benzene-1,2-diamine: structure in first source. JSH-23 : A diamine that is 1,2-phenylenediamine carrying a methyl substituent at position 4 and a 3-phenylpropyl substituent at position N1.	3.35	1	diamine; substituted aniline	NF-kappaB inhibitor
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	7.04	1
chitosan [no description available]	7.76	3
mk 2206 MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent	2.17	1	organic heterotricyclic compound	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
incb-018424 [no description available]	2.21	1	nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.21	1
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	2.6	1	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.11	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.75	3
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.22	5
lasiokaurin lasiokaurin: kaurene-type diterpenoid from Isodon species; structure	2.68	3	kaurane diterpenoid	metabolite
longikaurin a longikaurin A: from Isodon adenolomus; structure in first source	2.07	1	kaurane diterpenoid	metabolite
ponicidin ponicidin: from the stems and leaves of Rabdosa nervosa	3.28	6	dioxanes	metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.98	4
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.21	1	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.96	4
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.02	1
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.03	1
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.25	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Breast Cancer [description not available]	4.23	16
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	4.23	16
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	3.64	8
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	4.27	17
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	4.27	17
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.28	5
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	3.28	5
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	4.35	11
Diathesis [description not available]	2.31	1
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	2.82	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.73	26
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	7.82	2
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	3.13	4
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	3.47	6
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	3.47	6
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.08	4
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.08	4
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.31	1
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	7.31	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.58	6
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.31	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.58	6
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	3.16	3
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.31	1
Metastase [description not available]	3.06	4
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.84	10
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	2.53	2
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	2.31	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	3.06	4
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.84	10
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.41	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.41	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	6.37	21
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.3	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	6.37	21
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.3	4
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	7.41	1
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.76	2
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.98	3
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.98	3
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.66	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.66	2
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.01	3
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	3.01	3
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.98	3
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.98	3
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.41	1
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.72	2
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.41	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	3.55	7
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	3.55	7
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	2.41	1
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	7.41	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	3.46	4
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	3.46	4
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.41	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.41	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.76	2
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.76	2
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	7.41	1
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	9.65	9
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	4.65	9
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.6	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.6	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.6	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.6	1
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.6	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	7.6	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.16	11
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	6.86	18
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	6.86	18
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.45	5
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	8.45	5
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	2.41	1
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available]	2.41	1
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	7.41	1
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)	2.41	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.98	4
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.98	4
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	2.82	2
Ear Infection [description not available]	2.6	1
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	2.82	2
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.6	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	3.9	11
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.6	1
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.91	3
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.6	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.9	11
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.6	1
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.91	3
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.78	3
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.78	3
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.6	1
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.69	2
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.69	2
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.72	2
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	7.72	2
Black Death [description not available]	2.6	1
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	2.6	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	4.03	13
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	4.03	13
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.72	2
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.72	2
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.63	2
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.63	2
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.8	3
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	2.54	2
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.8	3
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	2.54	2
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	7.25	1
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.25	1
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	2.25	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.69	2
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.25	1
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	7.25	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.69	2
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.25	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.25	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	3.35	6
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	3.35	6
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	2.25	1
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	2.25	1
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.25	1
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	2.25	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	3.23	5
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	3.23	5
Lung Injury, Ventilator-Induced [description not available]	2.25	1
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	3.36	6
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	3.36	6
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)	2.25	1
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.25	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.6	2
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	3.17	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.6	2
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	3.17	1
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.31	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.54	2
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	2.59	2
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	2.59	2
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.31	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	7.31	1
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.31	1
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	2.61	2
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.8	3
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.8	3
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.31	1
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	2.31	1
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	2.31	1
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.31	1
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.31	1
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.59	2
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.59	2
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	2.41	1
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.38	6
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	2.41	1
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.38	6
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.57	2
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.57	2
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	3.12	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	3.12	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	3.6	8
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	3.6	8
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	2.78	3
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	2.78	3
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.17	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.17	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.17	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.78	3
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.78	3
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.78	3
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.78	3
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.17	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.17	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.74	3
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.17	1
Gouty Arthritis [description not available]	2.17	1
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.17	1
Arthritis, Gouty Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.	2.17	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	3.03	4
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	3.03	4
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	2.21	1
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	7.21	1
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.77	3
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	2.17	1
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	2.17	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.9	11
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.9	11
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.21	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	7.21	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	3.47	7
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	3.47	7
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	7.21	1
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.21	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.81	3
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.81	3
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	7.08	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	2.08	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	2.08	1
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.08	1
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	7.08	1
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2.11	1
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2.11	1
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	3.89	2
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	3.89	2
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	2.11	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.51	2
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.51	2
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	2.1	1
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	2.1	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.47	2
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.19	5
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	3.19	5
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	8.93	12
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.93	12
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.13	1
Allodynia [description not available]	2.13	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.13	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	7.13	1
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	2.13	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.13	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	7.13	1
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.51	2
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.51	2
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.46	2
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.4	2
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.4	2
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.42	7
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	7.44	2
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2.44	2
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.68	3
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	7.05	1
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	7.05	1
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.05	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.65	9
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.65	9
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.06	1
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.06	1
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.06	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	2.06	1
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.45	2
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	2.07	1
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	2.07	1
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.07	1
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	7.07	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	3.21	6
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	2.37	2
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.37	2
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	7.37	2

oridonin

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Synonyms (35)

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Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

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Roles (6)

Drug Classes (5)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

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Bioassays (103)

Research

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Related Conditions (248)