Page last updated: 2024-10-24

regulation of fat cell differentiation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]

Fat cell differentiation, also known as adipogenesis, is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves a series of molecular events leading to the formation of mature adipocytes (fat cells) from precursor cells called preadipocytes. This process is essential for energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of organs.

**Regulation of Fat Cell Differentiation:**

**1. Transcriptional Regulation:**
- Key transcription factors involved in adipogenesis include PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha).
- PPARγ acts as a master regulator, initiating adipogenesis and promoting expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation.
- C/EBPα cooperates with PPARγ, activating downstream genes and maintaining the adipocyte phenotype.

**2. Signaling Pathways:**
- **Insulin/IGF-1 signaling:** Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promote adipogenesis by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, which phosphorylates and activates downstream targets such as PPARγ.
- **Adiponectin signaling:** Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by adipocytes, exerts both positive and negative effects on adipogenesis. It can promote adipocyte differentiation by activating PPARγ, but also inhibits differentiation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.
- **Other pathways:** Several other signaling pathways, including Wnt, TGFβ, and Notch, have been implicated in regulating adipogenesis.

**3. Epigenetic Modifications:**
- **Histone acetylation:** Histone acetylation enhances accessibility of DNA to transcription factors, promoting adipogenesis by upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα expression.
- **DNA methylation:** DNA methylation can both promote and inhibit adipogenesis, depending on the specific genes and regions involved.

**4. MicroRNAs (miRNAs):**
- miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for degradation or translational repression.
- Specific miRNAs have been shown to promote or inhibit adipogenesis by targeting key transcription factors or signaling molecules involved in the process.

**5. Environmental Factors:**
- **Diet:** A high-fat diet can induce adipogenesis, whereas a calorie-restricted diet can suppress it.
- **Exercise:** Regular exercise can promote lipolysis (fat breakdown) and reduce adipogenesis.
- **Hormones:** Hormones like leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol can influence adipogenesis by altering the expression of key genes and signaling pathways involved in the process.

**Overall, the regulation of fat cell differentiation is a complex interplay of various factors, including transcription factors, signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and environmental influences. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.**'
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Proteins (5)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Histone deacetylase 6A histone deacetylase 6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UBN7]Homo sapiens (human)
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaA nuclear receptor ROR-gamma that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P51449]Homo sapiens (human)
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P20393]Homo sapiens (human)
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenaseA polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09917]Homo sapiens (human)
Tumor necrosis factorA tumor necrosis factor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (692)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.trichlorobenzene
gamma-aminobutyric acidgamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid
human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
anthranilic acidanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.

anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565
aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
butyraldehydebutanalsbiomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
butyric acidbutyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.

butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.

Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.
fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
catecholcatecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
chlordeconecyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound
insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
4-aminophenol4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.

4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd
aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
3-chlorobenzoic acidmonochlorobenzoic aciddrug metabolite
guaiacolguaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.

Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)

methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.
guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
hydroquinonebenzenediol;
hydroquinones
antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
imidazole1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.

imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd
imidazole
thioctic acidThioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
melatoninacetamides;
tryptamines
anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
pentachlorophenolPENTA: structure given in first sourcearomatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes
human xenobiotic metabolite
phthalic acidphthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.

phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178
benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
propylene glycolpropane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.

Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.
glycol;
propane-1,2-diols
allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
1,10-phenanthroline1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinasesphenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
2,4,6-tribromophenolbromophenolenvironmental contaminant;
fungicide;
marine metabolite
2,4-dinitrophenol2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.

2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed)

dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.
dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
chlorocresol4-chloro-m-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.

chlorocresol: injections for relief of intractable pain; RN given refers to parent cpd
hydroxytoluene;
monochlorobenzenes
antimicrobial agent;
disinfectant;
ryanodine receptor agonist
4-nonylphenol4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.

4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol
phenolsenvironmental contaminant
oxyquinolineOxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.

quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.
monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
aa 8612,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source

docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.
1,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
acetaminophenAcetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.
acetamides;
phenols
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamideAcetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
alachloralachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
anthralinanthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.

Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.
anthracenesantipsoriatic
aspirinacetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.

acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.

Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)
benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates
anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atrazinechloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
azathioprineazathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azinphosmethylazinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.

Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.
benzotriazines;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane: structurediarylmethane
propiolactonePropiolactone: Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic.propan-3-olide
bisacodylBisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)diarylmethane
bithionolbithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.

Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.
aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol
antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bufexamacbufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.

Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.
aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid
antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
butambenbutamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.

butamben: structure
amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline
local anaesthetic
camphor, (+-)-isomerbornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone
plant metabolite
celecoxiborganofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chlorambucilchlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chloroxinechloroxine : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound
antibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
antiseborrheic
chlorpyrifoschlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.

Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.
chloropyridine;
organic thiophosphate
acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
ci 994tacedinaline : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.

tacedinaline: oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells & normal stem-cells
acetamides;
benzamides;
substituted aniline
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
clioquinol5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.
monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
4-cresol4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd

p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.
cresolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin
danthronchrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.

danthron: structure
dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsonesubstituted aniline;
sulfone
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
decanoic aciddecanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.

decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.
medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
dibutyl phthalatedibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.

Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.
diester;
phthalate ester
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
plasticiser;
teratogenic agent
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethyleneDichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.chlorophenylethylene;
monochlorobenzenes
human xenobiotic metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant
ddt1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first sourcebenzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide
bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorophenDichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)bridged diphenyl fungicide;
diarylmethane
dichlorvosdichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.

Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.
alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide
anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
3,3'-diindolylmethane3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonistindolesantineoplastic agent;
P450 inhibitor
benzophenonebenzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
valproic acidvalproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.

Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.
branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
ebselenebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
embelinembelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.

embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae)
dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonesantimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
emodinemodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.

Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.
trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfanendosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.

Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61)
cyclic sulfite ester;
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide
acaricide;
agrochemical;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
ethacrynic acidetacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.

Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethoxyquinethoxyquin : A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.

Ethoxyquin: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.
aromatic ether;
quinolines
antifungal agrochemical;
food antioxidant;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
herbicide;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activator
fluconazolefluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.

Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.
conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug
environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flutamideFlutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide
androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin
dihydroxybenzoic acidEC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
MALDI matrix material;
mouse metabolite
glutaralGlutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.

glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.
dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
heptachlorheptachlor : A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations.

Heptachlor: A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989)
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideagrochemical;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
hexachlorophenehexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.

Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene
acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
hexylresorcinolresorcinols
beta-thujaplicinbeta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.

beta-thujaplicin: structure
cyclic ketone;
enol;
monoterpenoid
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiplasmodial drug;
plant metabolite
idebenone1,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol
antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
indirubin-3'-monoximeindirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.

indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity
indole-3-carbinolindole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables

indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.
indolyl alcoholantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
indomethacinindometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.

Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.
aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole
analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic;
xenobiotic metabolite
ketotifenketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.

Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.
cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound
anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
lauric aciddodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
ly 171883LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist

tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.
acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source

4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.
benzamides;
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
malathiondiethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.

malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.

Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.
diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
meclofenamic acid(1-)meclofenamic acid(1-) : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of the proton from the carboxy group of meclofenamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.monocarboxylic acid anion
mesalaminemesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.

Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
methoxsalenmethoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.

Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.
aromatic ether;
psoralens
antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxychlorMethoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.organochlorine insecticide
mitotaneMitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.diarylmethane
entinostatbenzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
way 151693
nifedipineNifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
masoprocolnordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)catechols;
lignan;
tetrol
antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamideN-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source

NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
oxybenzoneoxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene
dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
quinone1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.

benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.

quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).
1,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pd 158780aromatic amine;
bromobenzenes;
diamine;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
pentoxifyllineoxopurine
phenolphthaleinPhenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.phenols
4-phenylbutyric acid4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.

4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd
monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
pomiferinpomiferin: structure in first sourceisoflavanones
ppm 18naphthoquinone
pyrilaminemepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.

Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.
aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative
H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamineMaloprim: contains above 2 cpdsaminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
pyroxamidearomatic amide
resorcinolresorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.

resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951
benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols
erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
pf 5901alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonistquinolines
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.methoxybenzenes
rofecoxibbutenolide;
sulfone
analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roliprampyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
salicylamidesalamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first sourcephenols;
salicylamides
antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acidsuberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid: antineoplastic, Histone Deacetylase inhibitorhydroxamic acid
scriptaidscriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first sourceisoquinolines
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium saltsodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
fenofibratebenzochromenone;
delta-lactone;
naphtho-alpha-pyrone
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
Sir2 inhibitor
imatinibaromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostatvorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfasalazinesulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.

Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)
thiabendazoleTresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate1,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles
antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thiramthiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.

Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.
organic disulfideantibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
triacetintriacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.

Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.
triglycerideadjuvant;
antifungal drug;
food additive carrier;
food emulsifier;
food humectant;
fuel additive;
plant metabolite;
solvent
triclosanaromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols
antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
octoxynolTriton X-100 : A poly(ethylene glycol) derivative that is poly(ethylene glycol) in which one of the terminal hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding p-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-3-yl)phenyl ether.alkylbenzene
zonisamidezonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.

Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.
1,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
corticosterone11beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
reserpinereserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.

Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
thymidinepyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
piperonyl butoxidebenzodioxolespesticide synergist
2-aminophenolaminophenolbacterial metabolite
prednisoneprednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.

Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
11-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpdortho-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
diethylnitrosamineDiethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.

N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.
nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
mechlorethamine hydrochloridemechlorethamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mechlorethamine.hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
ethinyl estradiol17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.

Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound
xenoestrogen
chlordanChlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideGABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.
ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes
carcinogenic agent
methyltestosteronemethyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.

Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone
anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.

2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified
tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
bromodeoxyuridineBromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzenep-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)azobenzenes
androstenedioneandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.

Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.
17-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid
androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.alkaloid;
colchicine
anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cycloheximidecycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.

Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.
antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol
anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroformchloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.

Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.
chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound
carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
hexachloroethanechlorocarbon;
chloroethanes
carcinogenic agent;
refrigerant
dinitrofluorobenzene1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.

Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.
C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound
agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
medroxyprogesterone acetate20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester
adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethaneDichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide
xenobiotic metabolite
perthaneperthane: structure
n,n'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamineN,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group.

N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine: in veterinary medicine, has been used to prevent vitamin E deficiency in lambs; structure
N-substituted diamine;
secondary amino compound
antioxidant
bromoethanebromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.bromoalkane;
bromohydrocarbon;
volatile organic compound
alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
refrigerant;
solvent
bromochloromethanebromochloromethane : A halomethane that is chloromethane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom.

bromochloromethane: inhibitor of ruminal methane production
halomethane
vinylidene chloride1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.

vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin
chloroethenescarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
iodoformiodomethanes
chloropicrinchloropicrin : A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union.

chloropicrin: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED (66-85); Index Medicus search CHLOROPICRIN (66-85)
C-nitro compound;
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound
antifungal agrochemical;
fumigant insecticide;
nematicide
fluoxymesteroneFluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.11beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid
anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
hexachlorocyclopentadiene
triethyl phosphatetriethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of phosphoric acid.

triethyl phosphate: structure
trialkyl phosphate
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphatetris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.

tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate: inhibitor of drug-protein binding; present in stoppers of blood sample 'vacutainers'
trialkyl phosphateenvironmental contaminant;
flame retardant
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2.

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane
chloroethanes
tetrabromobisphenol a3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.

tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant
brominated flame retardant;
bromobisphenol
bisphenol a4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro

bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.

bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.
bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
cumene hydroperoxidecumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.

cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd
peroxolenvironmental contaminant;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
oxidising agent
alpha-pinenepineneplant metabolite
1-amino-2-methylanthraquinoneanthraquinone
quinophthalonequinoline yellow : A quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2.

quinophthalone: found in hair preparations; causes contact dermatitis
aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
quinolines
dye
pindonepindone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structurebeta-triketone;
indanones
musk ambrette (artificial)musk ambrette (artificial): widely used fragrance implicated in contact photosensitivity; structureC-nitro compound
benzo(f)quinoline
phthalic anhydridephthalic anhydride : The cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the anhydride of phthalic acid.2-benzofurans;
cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride
allergen
carbazolecarbazole: structure in first sourcecarbazole
2,4,6-trichlorophenoltrichlorophenolcarcinogenic agent
2-nitro-4-methylaniline2-nitro-p-toluidine : A C-nitro compound in which the nitro compound is ortho to the amino group and meta to the methyl group of p-toluidine.C-nitro compound
2-anisidine2-anisidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure

o-anisidine : A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen ortho to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of azo pigments and dyes.
monomethoxybenzene;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline
genotoxin;
reagent
1-methylnaphthalene1-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.methylnaphthalenecarcinogenic agent;
plant metabolite
2,6-diisocyanatotoluene2,6-diisocyanatotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd

toluene 2,6-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 6 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.
toluene meta-diisocyanateallergen;
hapten
decalindecalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene.

decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;

trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.
ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbonsolvent
uvitex swnUvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure7-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
2-naphthylamine2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.

2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.
naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
phenidonephenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
6-methylcoumarin6-methylcoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.

6-methylcoumarin: synthetic fragrance causing contact photoallergy
coumarinsallergen;
fragrance
n,n-diethyl 4-phenylenediamineN,N-diethyl 4-phenylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd
synephrineethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
butylparabenorganic molecular entity
2-dichlorobenzene1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2.

2-dichlorobenzene: structure
dichlorobenzenehepatotoxic agent;
metabolite
1,2-diaminobenzene1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd

1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.
phenylenediaminehydrogen donor
3,4-xylidine3,4-dimethylaniline : A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 3- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A low-melting, crystalline solid, it is used in the production of vitamin B2, dyes, pesticides and other chemicals.dimethylaniline;
primary arylamine
3-chloro-4-methylaniline3-chloro-p-toluidine : A monochloroaniline that is p-toluidine in which one of the hydrogens that is meta to the amino group is replaced by a chlorine.chloroaniline;
monochlorobenzenes
avicide
3,4-dichlorophenoldichlorophenol
2,4-diaminotoluene2,4-diaminotoluene : An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.

2,4-diaminotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure
aminotoluenemetabolite
4-chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene4-chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpdmonochlorobenzenes
2-amino-4-methylphenol2-amino-4-methylphenol: structure in first source
2,4,5-trichlorophenol2,4,5-trichlorophenol : A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.

2,4,5-trichlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
trichlorophenol
4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-cresol)4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-cresol): structure given in first source
4-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid4-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid: a migration inhibitor, prevents breast cancer metastasis in SCID mice
2,4-dinitroaniline2,4-dinitroaniline : A nitroaniline consisting of an aniline core having two nitro substituents located at the 2- and 4-positions.nitroaniline
fentichlorfentichlor: structure

fenticlor : An aryl sulfide having two 5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl groups attached to sulfur; an antiinfective drug mostly used in veterinary medicine.
aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
monochlorobenzenes;
polyphenol
antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
1,3-ditolylguanidine1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the braintoluenes
furaldehydeFuraldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.

furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.
aldehyde;
furans
Maillard reaction product;
metabolite
benzenesulfonyl chloridebenzenesulfonyl chloride: structure
p-tert-butyl catechol
alpha-methylstyrololefinic compound
3-toluic acid3-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structuremethylbenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
3-dimethylaminophenol
dicloran2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
nitroaniline
antifungal agrochemical
5-nitro-2-methoxyaniline5-nitro-2-methoxyaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd4-nitroanisoles;
substituted aniline
3-dinitrobenzene1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.

dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.
dinitrobenzeneneurotoxin
dimethyl-4-phenylenediaminedimethyl-4-phenylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structurediamine;
substituted aniline
4-nitrotoluene4-nitrotoluene : A mononitrotoluene that consists of toluene bearing a nitro substituent at the 4-position.

4-nitrotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6470

mononitrotoluene : A nitrotoluene bearing a single nitro substituent at any position. A "closed class".
mononitrotoluene
4-nitroanilinenitroanilinebacterial xenobiotic metabolite
tetramethylphenylenediamine1,4-bis(dimethylamino)benzene: structure in first source
methylenebis(chloroaniline)4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) : A chloroaniline that consists of two 2-chloroaniline units joined by a methylene bridge.

Methylenebis(chloroaniline): Aromatic diamine used in the plastics industry as curing agent for epoxy resins and urethane rubbers. It causes bladder, liver, lung, and other neoplasms.
chloroanilinemetabolite
3-hydroxydiphenylaminesubstituted aniline
n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-4,4'-methylenedianilineN,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline: structure given in first sourcediarylmethane
n-isopropyl-n-phenyl-4-phenylenediamineN-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine : The N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine substituted at one N with an isopropyl group and at the other with a phenyl group.N-substituted diamineallergen;
antioxidant
dicyclohexylaminedicyclohexylamine: potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase; RN given refers to parent cpdprimary aliphatic amine
diglycidyl resorcinol etherdiglycidyl resorcinol ether: structurearomatic ether
1,3-diphenylurea1,3-diphenylurea : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens of each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group. It is present in coconut milk (Cocos nucifera).phenylureascytokinin;
plant metabolite
diethylhexyladipatebis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate : A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. It is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester
plasticiser
dibenzyl etherbenzyl ether : A compound of formula PhCH2OR (R =/= H).

dibenzyl ether : A benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
benzyl ethermetabolite
4-chlorobenzaldehyde
dimethyl succinatedimethyl succinate: potent insulin secretagoguefatty acid methyl ester
1,3-dimethylbutylamine1,3-dimethylbutylamine: a stimulant; structure in first source
biuretbiuret : A member of the class of condensed ureas that is the compound formed by the condensation of two molecules of urea; the parent compound of the biuret group of compounds. Used as a non-protein nitrogen source in ruminant feed.

Biuret: Used as feed supplement for sheep and cattle since it is a good non-protein nitrogen source. In strongly alkaline solution biuret gives a violet color with copper sulfate.
condensed ureas
3-xylenem-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.xylene
3-phenylenediamine1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.phenylenediamine
bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) etherbis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether: structure given in first sourceether
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.

1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source
trichlorobenzene
furanfuran : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
2,5-hexanedione2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone

2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone
diketone;
methyl ketone
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide
succinonitrilesuccinonitrile: structure
heptanoic acidheptanoic acid : A C7, straight-chain fatty acid that contributes to the odour of some rancid oils. Used in the preparation of esters for the fragrance industry, and as an additive in cigarettes.medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
plant metabolite
ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate
diethanolaminediethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.

diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd
ethanolamineshuman xenobiotic metabolite
n(1)-acetylphenylhydrazine
dicofoldicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.

Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine acaricide;
tertiary alcohol
2-aminoanthraquinoneanthraquinone
diethylhexyl phthalatebis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.

Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.
diester;
phthalate ester
androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
homosalatehomosalate: cpd not photoallergenicbenzoate ester;
phenols
benzyl salicylatebenzyl salicylate: structure given in Merckbenzoate ester;
phenols
chloranilChloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.

tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.
1,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
dianisidineDianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.biphenyls
2-tolidine2-tolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structurebiphenyls
benzethonium chloridebenzethonium chloride : A (synthetic) quaternary ammonium salt that is benzyldimethylamine in which the nitrogen is quaternised by a 2-{2-[p-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy}ethyl group, with chloride as the counter-ion. An antiseptic and disinfectant, it is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, moulds and viruses.aromatic ether;
chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
antiviral agent;
disinfectant
2-amino-5-nitrothiazole2-amino-5-nitrothiazole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designationC-nitro compound;
thiazoles
captancaptan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.

Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.
isoindoles;
organochlorine compound;
organosulfur compound;
phthalimide fungicide
antifungal agrochemical
2-Phenylethyl 2-aminobenzoatebenzoate ester
neozoneN-phenyl-2-naphthalenamine: structure in first sourcenaphthalenes
phenazopyridine hydrochloridephenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
2-aminobenzothiazolebenzothiazoles
2,4,5-trimethylaniline2,4,5-trimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpdsubstituted aniline
ziramziram : A dithiocarbamate salt that is the zinc salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is a broad-spectrum fungicide and bird and animal repellent that is also used to accelerate the vulcanisation of rubber.

Ziram: An industrial fungicide with low mammalian toxicity, although it does possess an irritant capacity for skin and mucous membranes.
dithiocarbamate salt;
zinc molecular entity
antifungal agrochemical;
apoptosis inducer
4-nitrosodimethylaniline4-nitrosodimethylaniline: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd

N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline : A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a nitroso group at the 4-position.
dimethylaniline;
nitroso compound;
tertiary amino compound
monuronmonuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.

monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure
3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
monochlorobenzenes
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
4'-(chloroacetyl)acetanilide4'-(chloroacetyl)acetanilide : An alpha-chloroketone that is acetanilide in the para- position is substituted by a chloroacetyl group.acetamides;
alpha-chloroketone;
aromatic ketone
pentamidine isethionatepentamidine isethionate : An organosulfonate salt obtained by reaction of pentamidine with two equivalents of 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid.organosulfonate salttrypanocidal drug
sterogenolcetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.

hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source
bromide salt;
pyridinium salt
antiseptic drug;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
surfactant
mequinolmequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpdmethoxybenzenes;
phenols
metabolite
benzo(b)fluoranthenebenzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
benzo(k)fluoranthenenaphthalenes
azacitidine5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.

Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.
N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue
antineoplastic agent
thymidine monophosphatedTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).

Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.
thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
2,4-difluoroaniline2,4-difluoroaniline: chemical intermediate manufactured by the Halex process; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source
3,5-dinitro-4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene3,5-dinitro-4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: affects mitochondria isolated from rat liver; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd
cyproterone acetate20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester
androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acidlithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.

lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.

Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycyrrhetinic acidcyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
rheindihydroxyanthraquinone
chrysophanic acidchrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260

chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.
dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
indigohydroxyindoles
ostholosthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first sourcebotanical anti-fungal agent;
coumarins
metabolite
ninhydrinninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.

Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.
aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate
colour indicator;
human metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
fenazoxcis-azoxybenzene : An azoxybenzene with a cis-configuration.

fenazox: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source

trans-azoxybenzene : An azoxybenzene with a trans-configuration.
azoxy compound
3,4-toluenediamine3,4-toluenediamine: structure
olivetololivetol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a pentyl group.

olivetol: from cannabidiol by pyrolysis; structure
resorcinolslichen metabolite
isophytolisophytol: structure in first source
dihydrotestosterone17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.

17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.

Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid
androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dimenhydrinategravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first sourcediarylmethane
flavoneflavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.

flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source
flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
2-methylbenzaldehyde2-methylbenzaldehyde: structure in first source

o-tolualdehyde : A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 2-position.
tolualdehydeplant metabolite
chrysoidinechrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
2-methylfuran2-methylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.furans;
volatile organic compound
flavouring agent;
fuel;
hepatotoxic agent;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.

4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene
dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
domiphen bromidearomatic ether
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
1,3-dichlorobenzene1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3.dichlorobenzene
isobutyl nitriteisobutyl nitrite: ''recreational'' drug of abuse, sniffed.nitrite esters
gentian violetcrystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.

Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.
organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochlorideorganic tricyclic compound
chlorotrianiseneChlorotrianisene: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.chloroalkeneantineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor modulator;
xenoestrogen
4-amino-1,2,4-triazole4-amino-1,2,4-triazole: structure in first source
toluene 2,4-diisocyanatetoluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.
toluene meta-diisocyanateallergen;
hapten
3-aminophenol3-aminophenol : An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.

3-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd
aminophenol
allyl acetateallyl acetate: potential fumigant for treating stored grains
allyl sulfideallyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1organic sulfide
2,2-dichloropropane2,2-dichloropropane: a water pollutant
2,2-dimethylbutyric acid2,2-dimethylbutyric acid : A branched-chain fatty acid and metabolite of the lactone prodrug simvastatin, whose sodium salt is potentially useful for the treatment of thalassaemias and haemoglobinopathies.

2,2-dimethylbutyric acid: structure given in first source; plasma metabolite of simvastatin
dimethylbutyric acidmetabolite
2,3-dinitrotoluene2,3-dinitrotoluene : A dinitrotoluene that is toluene in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 have been replaced by nitro groups.

dinitrotoluene : Any nitrotoluene carrying two nitro substituents.
dinitrotolueneexplosive
pentabromophenol
3,4,5-trichlorophenol
2-anthramine2-anthramine: structureanthracenamine
acetylcysteineN-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid
antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
methyl isocyanatemethyl isocyanate : The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.

methyl isocyanate: structure
isocyanatesallergen;
apoptosis inducer
2,4-pentanediol2,4-pentanediol: RN given refers to parent cpd
ethoxyacetic acidcarboxylic acid
ethylene glycol diethyl ether
tetrabromophthalic anhydride2-benzofurans;
cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.

tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions.
tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5.tetrachlorobenzene
o,p'-ddto,p'-DDT: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation.diarylmethane
n-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-n'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamineN-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine: antiozonant
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
2,6-diaminotoluene2,6-diaminotoluene : A diamine that is toluene in which both of the hydrogens ortho- to the methyl group are replaced by amino groups.

2,6-diaminotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd
diamine;
primary amino compound
mutagen
tetrachloronitrobenzene
2,3,5-trichlorophenol
1,3,5-triallyl isocyanuratetriazines
phenylglyoxalphenylacetaldehydes
carmineCarmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.
4-chloro-2-cresol4-chloro-2-cresol: metabolite of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid & other phenoxyacetic acid herbicides; RN given refers to parent cpd

4-chloro-2-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is o-cresol in which the hydrogen para to the hydroxy group is replaced by a chlorine.
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols
n-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochlorideN-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride : An ethylenediamine dihydrochloride compound having an N-(1-naphthyl) substituent.hydrochloride
3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propanol3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propanol: structure in first source
malaoxondiethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio group.

malaoxon : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malaoxon. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide malathion.

malaoxon: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search MALATHION/AA (72-83)
diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd
2-tert-butylhydroquinone2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.

2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent
hydroquinonesfood antioxidant
1,6-diaminohexane1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure

hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.
alkane-alpha,omega-diaminehuman xenobiotic metabolite
1,5-naphthalenediamine1,5-diaminonaphthalene: structure in first source

naphthalene-1,5-diamine : A naphthalenediamine compound having amino substituents in the 1- and 5-positions.
naphthalenediaminecarcinogenic agent
carvone, (s)-isomer(+)-carvone : A carvone having (S) configuration.carvone
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione
benzophenoneidumauramine O : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis(N,N-dimethylaniline) with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A fluorescent stain for demonstrating acid fast organisms in a method similar to the Ziehl Neelsen. It also can be used to make a fluorescent Schiff reagent.

Benzophenoneidum: An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds specifically to certain proteins.
hydrochloridefluorochrome;
histological dye
4-nitrohippuric acid4-nitrohippuric acid: major metabolite of 4-nitrobenzoic acid
dichloroacetonitriledichloroacetonitrile: by-product of water chlorination; structure given in first sourcealiphatic nitrile
stavudinestavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.
dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cyclohexylisocyanatecyclohexylisocyanate: degradation product of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl- 1-nitrosourea; structureisocyanatesallergen
pentaerythrityl triacrylatepentaerythrityl triacrylate: acrylate derivative found in ultraviolet curing inks; causes contact dermatitis
phenoxyacetic acidphenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid
allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant growth retardant
2,2',4'-trichloroacetophenone
2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenate2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 5.

tetrachlorophenol : A chlorophenol that is phenol in which four of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.

tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; see also record for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
2,2'-dihydroxy-6,6'-dinaphthyldisulfide2,2'-dihydroxy-6,6'-dinaphthyldisulfide: structure
octocrylenediarylmethane
methylene bis(thiocyanate)methylene bis(thiocyanate) : A member of the class of thiocyanates that is methane in which two of the hycrogens have been replaced by thiocyanato groups. Used as a biocide for the control of various pathogens and algae in industrial water systems and as a fungicide for the control of surface moulds and sapstain fungi on wood.thiocyanatesantibacterial agent;
fungicide
c.i. acid red 114, disodium saltC.I. Acid Red 114: source gives many trade names; structure in first source
ampicillin trihydratehydrate
camptothecinNSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first sourcedelta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
potassium dichromatepotassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.

Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.
potassium saltallergen;
oxidising agent;
sensitiser
1,6-hexanediol diacrylate
terbufosorganic thiophosphate;
organosulfur compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
N'-methyl-N,N-diphenylureabenzenes
pyrithione zinczinc coordination entity
2,3,4-trichlorophenol2,3,4-trichlorophenol: structure in first source
benomylaromatic amide;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester
acaricide;
anthelminthic drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
tetraethylene glycol diacrylate
daunorubicinanthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.

daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.

Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
padimate-opadimate-O: active ingredient in sunscreen productsbenzoate ester
1,2-diphenylhydrazine
4-aminoacetanilide
2-methyl-1-nitroanthraquinoneanthraquinone
silybinsilibinin : A flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.aromatic ether;
benzodioxine;
flavonolignan;
polyphenol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-oneocthilinone : A member of the class of 1,2-thiazole that is 1,2-thiazol-3-one substituted on the nitrogen (position 2) by an octyl group. A fungicide and antibacterial agent, it is used for treatment of canker and other fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit trees. It is no longer approved for use within the European Union.1,2-thiazolesantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sodium azidesodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).

Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
pbde 992,4-dibromophenyl 2,4,5-tribromophenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, 5, 2', and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines.polybromodiphenyl ether
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenylhexachlorobiphenyl
ribavirinRebetron: Rebetron is tradename1-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
nitazoxanidenitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrugbenzamides;
carboxylic ester
bw-755c4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.
lovastatinlovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).

Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.
delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)
anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone: structure given in first sourcebutenolide
tepoxalintepoxalin : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]propanoic acid with the amino group of N-methylhydroxylamine. It is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation caused by musculoskeletal disorders such as hip dysplasia and arthritis in dogs.aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles
antipyretic;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zileuton1-benzothiophenes;
ureas
anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tebufelonetebufelone: structure given in first source
atorvastatinaromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
mk 0591MK 0591: structure given in first source; MK 0591 was previously L-686,708; inhibits leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activating protein
saquinavir monomethanesulfonateorganic molecular entity
daunorubicin hydrochlorideanthracycline
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenolstilbenoid
nelfinavir mesylatenelfinavir mesylate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt prepared from equimolar amounts of nelfinavir and methanesulfonic acid. It is used for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.methanesulfonate saltantineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
ursolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
medicagenic acidmedicagenic acid: aglycone constituent of lucerne saponins, upon which their fungastatic & hemolytic activity dependstriterpenoid
25-hydroxycholesterol25-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol
human metabolite
6-azacytidine6-azacytidine: MH AZACITIDINE refers to 5-azacytidine
proadifen hydrochloride
bendamustinebenzimidazoles
bergeninbergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structuretrihydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
dioxadroldioxadrol: See also records for d- and l-forms which are referred to as dexoxadrol and levoxadrol, respectfullydiarylmethane
divinyl benzenestyrenes
Diphenolic aciddiphenolic acid: an estrogenic ligandbisphenol
econazole nitrateeconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.
isoscopoletinisoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.aromatic ether;
hydroxycoumarin
plant metabolite
nicotinohydroxamic acidpyridinecarboxamide
prifeloneprifelone: structure given in first sourcearomatic ketone
ubenimexubenimex: growth inhibitor
honokiolbiphenyls
puupehenone
beta-amyrinbeta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.

beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol
Aspergillus metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-amyrinalpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.

alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol
hederagenindihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
sapogenin
plant metabolite
tryptanthrinetryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing daialkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
arjunolic acidarjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
maslinic acid(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoriadihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid : A member of the class of furoic acids that is 2-furoic acid substituted at position 5 by a hydroxymethyl group.

5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid: structure in first source
aromatic primary alcohol;
furoic acid
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
nematicide
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structurecatechols;
primary alcohol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
priminprimin : A 1,4-benzoquinone having a methoxy substituent at the 2-position and a pentyl substituent at the 6-position.

primin: contact allergen found in the ornamental plant Primula obconica Hance
1,4-benzoquinonesallergen;
antifeedant;
antimicrobial agent;
hapten;
metabolite
tebuconazole1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.

Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.

tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary alcohol;
triazoles
nicotine(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
hydroxyflutamide
zymosterol3beta-sterol;
cholestanoid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uvaoluvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)triterpenoidmetabolite
osajinosajin: from Maclura pomiferaisoflavanones
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl etheraromatic ether;
organobromine compound
8-mercaptoquinoline8-mercaptoquinoline: structure given in first source
rapanonerapanone: antiparasitic agent from Rapanea; structure similar to embelindihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones
erythrodioldiol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol
plant metabolite
fulvestrantfulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.

Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide
antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
ici 164384ICI 164384: structure given in first source

ICI-164384 : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary carboxamide
anti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist
bromodichloroacetic acid
marimastatmarimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.

marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
asiatic acidmonocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triol
angiogenesis modulating agent;
metabolite
(20s)-20-hydroxycholesterol20-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.

20-hydroxycholesterol: RN given refers to (20S)-isomer
20-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
oxysterol
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pd 142893PD 142893: functional antagonist of endothelin-stimulated vasoconstriction
benzyl 2-naphthyl etherbenzyl 2-naphthyl ether: structure in first source
bay x 10052-(4-(quinolin-2-yl-methoxy)phenyl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid: inhibits synthesis of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; inhibits five-lipoxygenase activating protein(FLAP)and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4H); structure given in first source;
tetrahydrocurcumintetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
polyphenol
metabolite
l 656224L 656224: structure given in first source
rg 6866RG 6866: structure given in first source
bwa 137c
eth 615ETH 615: leukotriene B4 and interleukin-8 antagonist; structure in first source
ici d2138ICI D2138: structure given in first source; inhibitor of leukotriene B4 synthesis
zm 230487ZM 230487: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
ml-3000
5-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation
perifosineammonium betaine;
phospholipid
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
4-methoxyhonokiol4-methoxyhonokiol: an NSAID isolated from Magnolia obovata; structure in first source
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabrominated diphenyl etheraromatic ether;
organobromine compound
moracin cbenzofurans
atractylenolide iiiatractylenolide III: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first sourcenaphthofuranmetabolite
birb 796aromatic ether;
morpholines;
naphthalenes;
pyrazoles;
ureas
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator
n-benzyl-n-hydroxy-5-phenylpentamideN-benzyl-N-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanamide: a hydroxamic acid class lipoxygenase inhibitor
acrovestoneacrovestone : A polyphenol that is isolated from Acronychia pedunculata and exhibits moderate antioxidant and antityrosinase activities.

acrovestone: isolated from the stem bark of Acronychia pedunculata; RN given from CAS Index Guide (1982-1986)
acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
olefinic compound;
polyphenol
antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
ici 211965ICI 211965: structure given in first source
(22r)-22-hydroxycholesterol(22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is the 22R-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.22-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
oxysterol
boswellic acidboswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggaltriterpenoid
miconidinmiconidin: found in Primula; a precursor to primin; inhibits growth in Trypanosoma cruzi
5-o-methylembelin5-O-methyl embelin : A member of the class of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is embelin in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antileishmanial activity as well as inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.

5-O-methylembelin: extracted from mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum; piscicide; see embelin
enol ether;
monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones
antileishmanial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
metabolite
zm 241385ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptordiamino-1,3,5-triazine
lapatinibfurans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
elarofibanelarofiban: a GPIIb and GPIIIa receptor antagonist; structure in first source
N-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamideacetamides
lilial
(+-)-Dihydromethysticin2-pyranones;
aromatic ether
5-hydroxymethylfurfural5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.

5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo
arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol
indicator;
Maillard reaction product
n-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetamideN-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetamide: a class IIa HDAC inhibitor; structure in first source
hematoxylinhaematoxylin
bortezomibamino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
trapoxin atrapoxin B: from Helicoma ambiens; structure given in first source
methylmercuric chloridemethylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpdchlorine molecular entity;
mercury coordination entity;
one-carbon compound
5-hydroxytryptophan5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.

hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.
5-hydroxytryptophan;
amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-L-tryptophan;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
amastatinamastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence

amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase
tetrapeptideEC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
protease inhibitor
desmosteroldesmosterol : A cholestanoid that is cholesta-5,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite obtained during the synthesis of cholesterol.

Desmosterol: An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol.
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C27-steroid;
cholestanoid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
griseofulvingriseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.

Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.
1-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound
antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
alpha bitter acidhumulon: antibiotic from hops; structurearomatic ketone;
cyclic ketone;
diketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol
antibacterial drug;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
metabolite
e 3040E 3040: a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane A2 synthetase; structure given in first sourcebenzothiazoles;
organic hydroxy compound;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound
anti-inflammatory drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
uricosuric drug
phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamidephenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide: a drug efflux pump inhibitor; structure in first sourcepeptide
actinoninactinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure
doxorubicin hydrochlorideanthracycline
e-z cinnamic acidcinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.

trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid
cinnamic acidplant metabolite
trichostatin atrichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCESantibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoinall-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.

retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).

Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).
retinoic acid;
vitamin A
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
resveratroltrans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinolall-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.

retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).

vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.

Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
retinol;
vitamin A
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oleic acidoleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.

Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
zithromaxazithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.
macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
t0901317T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist
diethylstilbestroldiethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.

Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
olefinic compound;
polyphenol
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.

6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source
alitretinoinAlitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
dactinomycinDactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)actinomycinmutagen
melphalanmelphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.

Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.
L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound
alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
ganoderic acid atriterpenoid
ganoderiol fganoderiol F: a ganoderma triterpene from Ganoderma amboinense; structure in first sourcetriterpenoid
8-prenylnaringenin8-prenylnaringenin: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent; structure in first source

sophoraflavanone B : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8.
(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
bromochloroacetic acidbromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.

Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.
2-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
1-(phenylmethyl)benzimidazolebenzimidazoles
boswellic acid
cinnamaldehyde(E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.

3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.
3-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes
antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent
2,4-hexadienal(E,E)-2,4-hexadienal : A hexadienal that is hexanal with trans double bonds at positions 2 and 4. It is found in tomatoes, kiwi fruit, mangoes, potato chips, herbs and spices.

2,4-hexadienal: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation

hexadienal : An enal that is hexadiene carrying an oxo group at position 1.
hexadienal;
polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde;
volatile organic compound
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
isosafroleisosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designationbenzodioxoles
fumaronitrile
retinaldehydeall-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.

Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.
retinal;
vitamin A
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
piperinepiperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
propolin cnymphaeol A : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' and a geranyl group at position 6. Isolated from Macaranga tanarius and propolis collected in Okinawa, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.

propolin C: a PAK1 inhibitor; from Taiwanese propolis; structure in first source
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
metabolite;
radical scavenger
xanthohumolxanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.

xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus
aromatic ether;
chalcones;
polyphenol
anti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor;
metabolite
gw96622-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand bindingbenzamides
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer

piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.
catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
phenylthioureaN-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.

Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.
thioureasEC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
caffeic acidtrans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
diphenylthioureaN,N'-diphenylthiourea : Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries a phenyl substituent.thioureasallergen
2-mercaptobenzimidazole2-mercaptobenzimidazole: purine synthesis antimetabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd
2-methoxy-6-[[(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)amino]methyl]phenolmethoxybenzenes;
phenols
4-(4-(4-chloro-phenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)phenolsubstituted aniline
curcumincurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.

Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.
aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
capsaicinALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief

capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.
capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
chlorogenic acidcaffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source

chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
cinnamate ester;
tannin
food component;
plant metabolite
ethylenethioureaEthylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.imidazolidines
thiosemicarbazidehydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.

thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source
hydrazines;
thiocarboxamide;
thioureas
thioureathiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.

Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.
one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas
antioxidant;
chromophore
digoxindigoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.

Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin
anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
malachite green
tamoxifen citratecitrate saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifenstilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
tetraoctylammonium bromidetetraoctylammonium bromide: a phase transfer reagent
ethionamideethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.

Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.
pyridines;
thiocarboxamide
antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
zeranolZeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.macrolide
thiophanatethiophanate-methyl : A member of the class of thioureas that is the dimethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.benzimidazole precursor fungicide;
carbamate ester;
carbamate fungicide;
thioureas
antifungal agrochemical
atractylonatractylon: from Atractylodes rhizomes; has antihepatotoxic activity; structure given in first sourcesesquiterpenoid
zd 6474CH 331: structure in first sourcearomatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
desmethylanethol trithionedesmethylanethol trithione: metabolite of anethol trithione; structure given in first source
via 2291atreleuton: structure given in first source
1,8-dinitro-4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone1,8-dinitro-4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure in first source
4-amino-2-nitrophenol2-nitrophenols
2-amino-4-nitrophenol4-nitrophenols
l 6635363-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.

MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor
aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
methyl ethyl ketone peroxidemethyl ethyl ketone peroxide: synthetic product hardener & polyester varnish; methylethylketone peroxide in dimethylphthalate; used as fiberglass hardener; very toxic to eyes
1-phenyl-2-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylthio]imidazoleimidazoles
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4h-pyran-4-thione3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-thione: inhibits Bla2 beta-lactamase; structure in first source
2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine: 2-nitro-1,4-benzenediamine; RN given refers to parent cpd

2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine : A primary amino compound that is p-phenylenediamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group. It is a cosmetic hair dye intermediate that is used in permanent hair colouring products (diluted 1:1 with an oxidising agent prior to application).
C-nitro compound;
primary amino compound
1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene: reagent for determination of selenium in milk with gas chromatograph

4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine : The primary amino compound that is 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) substituted at the 4- (para-) position by a nitro group.
C-nitro compound;
primary amino compound
ex 5276-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide : A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.

6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide: structure in first source
carbazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound
sodium butyrateorganic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
5,6-dehydrokawain5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source2-pyranones;
aromatic ether
quercetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
leukotriene a4leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.

Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
epoxy fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid;
oxylipin;
polyunsaturated fatty acid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
apigeninChamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone
angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
scopoletinhydroxycoumarinplant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acidtrans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.cinnamate ester;
cyclitol carboxylic acid
plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucosideluteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum
beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
15-keto-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid15-keto-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/88

15-oxo-ETE : An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) double bond stereochemistry, and an oxo group in position 15.
oxoicosatetraenoic acidhuman metabolite
apigetrinapigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

apigetrin: structure given in first source
beta-D-glucoside;
dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative
antibacterial agent;
metabolite;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.

5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.
HETEhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cholecalciferolcalciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.

Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.
D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone
geroprotector;
human metabolite
kaempferol7-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone
antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
harmineharmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.

Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.
harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
amphotericin bamphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.

Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.
antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic
antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
oxymetholoneoxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.

Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
aureusidinaureusidin : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3' and 4' respectively.

aureusidin: structure in first source
hydroxyauroneplant metabolite
norbixinnorbixin: an annatto compound; RN given refers to all-trans-norbixin (beta-norbixin); 9-cis-norbixin is alpha-norbixinditerpenoid
kavain2-pyranones;
aromatic ether
methysticin2-pyranones;
aromatic ether
yangoninyangonin: structure in first source2-pyranones;
aromatic ether
zearalenonezearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.

Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.
macrolide;
resorcinols
fungal metabolite;
mycoestrogen
baicaleintrihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
morusinmorusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.

morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source
extended flavonoid;
trihydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
daidzein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbenetrans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrolstilbenoid
pterostilbenediether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
chicoric acidchicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integraseorganooxygen compoundgeroprotector;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
caffeic acid phenethyl esterphenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
shogaolshogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first sourceenone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols
wedelolactonewedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.

wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source
aromatic ether;
coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
2,4-decadienal(2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal : A polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde that is decanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce trans- double bonds at the 2-3 and 4-5 positions. A product of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and a component of cooking oil fumes.polyunsaturated fatty aldehydeapoptosis inducer;
nematicide
phenoxybenzamine hydrochlorideorganic molecular entity
tetrachlorvinphosTetrachlorvinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. It has low mammalian toxicity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine insecticide;
organophosphate insecticide;
trichlorobenzene
acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
toxaphene
topiramatetopiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.

Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.
cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester
anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
afimoxifene
6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6.

6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source
7-hydroxyisoflavonesanti-inflammatory agent;
antimutagen;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist;
PPARgamma agonist
fenretinide4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.

Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.
monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source

arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).
benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid
antineoplastic agent;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
teratogenic agent
neurokinin aNeurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.
calycosin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranosidecalycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside: from Radix Astragali
4'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative
atractylenolide iatractylenolide I: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first source
3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone: from the Sudanese medicinal plant Albizia zygia; structure in first sourceflavones
spd-304SPD-304: structure in first source
romidepsindepsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
cinnamoylhydroxamic acidcinnamoylhydroxamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
2-pentenenitrile2-pentenenitrile: RN given refers to parent cpd
methopreneMethoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate;
isopropyl ester
juvenile hormone mimic
4,3',5'-tri-o-methylpiceatannol
3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene: structure in first source
nitrofurazonenitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.

Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.
4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first sourceisoflavones
3',4'-dihydroxyaurone3',4'-dihydroxyaurone : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3' and 4' positions; major species at pH 7.3. It shows inhibitory activity against several isoforms of the histone deacetylase complex (HDAC).catechols;
hydroxyaurone
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
eupomatenoid 6eupomatenoid 6: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source

rataniaphenol II : A member of the class of benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 3 and a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 5. It is a lignan derivative isolated from the roots of Krameria lappacea.
benzofurans;
phenols
anti-inflammatory agent;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
psammaplin apsammaplin A: isolated from marine sponges Poecillastra and Jaspis; structure in second source
al 3264AL 3264: structure given in first source
13-cis-retinal13-cis-retinal : A retinal in which the double bond alpha- to the aldehyde group has cis configuration, whilst the remaining acyclic double bonds have trans configuration.retinalhuman metabolite
bwa 4c
trichostatin ctrichostatin C: glycosylated trichostatin A; structure given in first source; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHINO-amino sugar;
trichostatin
kme 4KME 4: structure given in first source
enofelast
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dionepregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione: steroid from guggulu extract; RN & N1 from C1 Form index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source; antagonist of farnesoid X receptor3-hydroxy steroidandrogen
valerenic acidvalerenic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl group. A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant.

valerenic acid: a saturated oplopanone type indene from Valeriana officinalis
carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
sesquiterpenoid
GABA modulator;
plant metabolite;
sedative;
volatile oil component
laq824LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor
13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid13-oxo-9Z,11E-ODE : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid bearing an additional 13-keto substituent. In addtion it has been found as a natural product found in Carthamus oxyacantha.13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acidmetabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer
indigo carmine3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source

3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.
hylin
tanespimycinCP 127374: analog of herbimycin A1,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
pd 404182
nitrofurantoinnitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.

Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
tubacintubacin: inhibits histone deacetylase 6; structure in first source1,3-oxazoles
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetroneoligopeptide
belinostathydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
sulfonamide
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sk-7041SK-7041: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source
corosolic acidtriterpenoidmetabolite
panobinostatpanobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.
cinnamamides;
hydroxamic acid;
methylindole;
secondary amino compound
angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
hdac-42HDAC-42: structure in first sourceamidobenzoic acid
4-acetamido-N-(2-amino-5-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)benzamidebenzamides
n1-(2-aminophenyl)-n7-phenylheptanediamide
bml 210N1-(2-aminophenyl)-N8-phenyloctanediamide: InChIKey: RFLHBLWLFUFFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-Ndicarboxylic acid diamideantineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
chlorhexidinechlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.

Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes
antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
aldicarbaldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.

Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide
givinostatcarbamate ester
men 11558
11-keto-boswellic acid
mocetinostatmocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).

mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer
aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
em 800EM 800: EM-800 is the prodrug of EM-652; EM-800 and EM-776 are (S)- and (R)-isomers, respectively; structure in first source
men 11420
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)-organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
3'-hydroxypterostilbene3'-hydroxypterostilbene: an apoptosis-inducing agent; structure in first source
methyl 3,5-di-o-caffeoyl quinate3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester: results suggest that the effect of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic esters on CHS is associated with a decrease in the production of interleukins, but not with the inhibition of iNOS expression. Moreover, esterification of the carboxyl group at C-1 enhanced protection against tyrosine nitration in the skin

methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid with methanol. Isolated from Suaeda glauca and Dichrocephala bicolor, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.
jaspaquinoljaspaquinol: structure in first source
r 306465
di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone
xanthohumol cxanthohumol C: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from the hops of Humulus lupulus; structure in first sourcechalcones
trans-delta-tocotrienoloic acidtocotrienoloic acid: from leaves of Tovomitopsis psychotriifolia; structure given in first sourcetocotrienol
myxochelin bmyxochelin B : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the 1- and 6-amino groups of hexane-1,2,6-triamine with the carboxy groups from two molecules of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid followed by reduction of the amide carbonyl at position 5 to a hydroxy group.

myxochelin B: isolated from Stigmatella aurantiaca; structure in first source
benzamides;
catechols
bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
conocarpanconocarpan: RN given for (2R-(2alpha,3beta,5(E))-isomer; from the roots of Krameria tomentosa (Krameriaceae); structure in first source
acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acidacetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure given in first sourcetriterpenoid
spiruchostatin aspiruchostatin A: a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
3-o-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid3-O-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid: isolated from Boswellia serrata; structure in first source
quisinostatindoles
resminostatresminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
abexinostatabexinostat: structure in first sourcebenzofurans
dactolisibdactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.

dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR
imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
chidamidebenzamides
11-deoxy glycyrrhetinic acidtriterpenoid
hc toxin
atractylenolide iiatractylenolide II: from Atractylodes ovata; structure in first sourcesesquiterpene lactone
myxochelin amyxochelin A: structure given in first source; catechole siderophore isolated from Angiococcus disciformis
azumamide eazumamide E: a natural cyclic tetrapeptide isolated from marine sponge Mycale izuensis; histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
phenylmercuric acetatePhenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.arylmercury compound;
benzenes
cnf 20242-aminopurines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines
antineoplastic agent;
Hsp90 inhibitor
3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methyl-1-piperidinyl)-1-propanonediarylmethane
3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methyl-1-piperidinyl)-1-propanonemethoxybenzenes;
phenols
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamidearomatic amide
kd 5170KD 5170: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
gdc 0941pictrelisib : A sulfonamide composed of indazole, morpholine, and methylsulfonyl-substituted piperazine rings bound to a thienopyrimidine ring.indazoles;
morpholines;
piperazines;
sulfonamide;
thienopyrimidine
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
sr 1078SR 1078: a RORalpha and RORgamma agonist; structure in first source
ganoderic acid fganoderic acid F: isolated from Ganoderma lucidum; structure in first sourcetriterpenoid
sodium hypochloritesodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.

Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
sodium nitritesodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.
inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt
antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
sodium bromatesodium bromate : An inorganic sodium salt having bromate as the counterion.bromate salt;
inorganic sodium salt
nephrotoxin;
oxidising agent
deoxycholic acid, monosodium saltbile acid salt
dexon (fungicide), sodium saltorganic molecular entity
pd 156707
pci 34051PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitorindolecarboxamide
cudc 1017-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
largazolelargazole: an antiproliferative agent from Symploca; structure in first source
ys 1212-(4-chloro-6-(2,3-dimethylphenylamino)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)octanoic acid: inhibits microsomal prostaglanding E2 synthase; structure in first sourcemedium-chain fatty acid
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl esterCAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitorcarbamate ester
trichostatin rktrichostatin RK: from Streptomyces sp. RK98-A74.; structure in first source
incb-018424nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
sr1001SR1001: a selective RORalpha and RORgamma inverse agonist; structure in first sourcesulfonamide
N-[(5-bromo-8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]acetamidehydroxyquinoline
myrtucommulone amyrtucommulone A: from the leaves of myrtle, Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae); structure in first sourcearomatic ketone
jq1 compoundcarboxylic ester;
organochlorine compound;
tert-butyl ester;
thienotriazolodiazepine
angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
ferroptosis inducer
tubastatin ahydroxamic acid;
pyridoindole;
tertiary amino compound
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostatpracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.benzimidazole;
hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
tertiary amino compound
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
gsk4112GSK4112: a Rev-erbalpha agonist; structure in first source
sr2211
acy-1215ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first sourcepyrimidinecarboxylic acid
sr 8278SR 8278: structure in first source
cudc-907
oxytetracycline hydrochloride
rgfp966
mi-192MI-192: histone deacetylase 2 and 3 inhibitor; structure in first source
acy-738
2-((1-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl)amino)-n-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxamide
sr9009
sr9011SR9011: a REV-ERB agonist; structure in first source
ganoderic acid c2ganoderic acid C2: from the fruiting body of Ganoderma; structure in first sourcetriterpenoid
ML355ML355 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2-aminobenzothiazole with the sulfo group of 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid. It is an inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase, being developed by Veralox Therapeutics for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.

ML355: 12-Lipoxygenase inhibitor
benzothiazoles;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source
osimertinibosimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.

osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
acrylamides;
aminopyrimidine;
biaryl;
indoles;
monomethoxybenzene;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
santacruzamate asantacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first sourceorganonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: has mild protein kinase inhibitory activity; induces caspase-independent cell death; structure in first source
isaindigotoneisaindigotone: 3-arylidenepyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazoline-9-one from Isatis indigotica; structure in first source
methylnitronitrosoguanidineMethylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.

N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position
nitroso compoundalkylating agent
hydrazinocurcuminhydrazinocurcumin : A pyrazole obtained by cyclocodensation of the two carbonyl groups of curcumin with hydrazine.

hydrazinocurcumin: structure in first source
aromatic ether;
olefinic compound;
polyphenol;
pyrazoles
angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor