Beta-pinene is a monoterpene found in various plants, particularly conifers. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic piney odor. It is synthesized through the isoprenoid pathway in plants. Beta-pinene is known for its insecticidal and antimicrobial properties. It is also used as a flavoring agent and fragrance in various products. Studies on beta-pinene focus on its potential therapeutic effects, particularly in areas like inflammation, pain relief, and cognitive function. Its role in plant defense mechanisms is also being investigated.'
beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 14896 |
| CHEMBL ID | 501351 |
| CHEBI ID | 50025 |
| MeSH ID | M0056560 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| LS-13836 |
| 2,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene |
| nsc-21447 |
| pseudopinene |
| pseudopinen |
| terebenthene |
| .beta.-pinene |
| bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane,6-dimethyl-2-methylene- |
| 2(10)-pinene |
| pinene, beta |
| nsc21447 , |
| nopinene |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane |
| nsc 21447 |
| einecs 245-424-9 |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-bicyclo(3.1.1)heptane |
| einecs 204-872-5 |
| 2,2,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene |
| hsdb 5615 |
| terbenthene |
| (1)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo(3.1.1)heptane |
| rosemarel |
| beta-pinene (natural) |
| ai3-24483 |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenenorpinane |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo(3.1.1)heptane |
| nsc-59190 |
| NSC59190 , |
| bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene- |
| bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-, (1s)- |
| 2(10)-pinene, (1s,5s)-(-)- |
| nsc-406265 |
| nsc406265 |
| beta-pinene |
| 127-91-3 |
| C09882 |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane |
| pin-2(10)-ene |
| CHEBI:50025 , |
| CHEMBL501351 |
| P0441 |
| AKOS004119987 |
| NCGC00248498-01 |
| NCGC00257583-01 |
| tox21_200029 |
| cas-127-91-3 |
| dtxcid507049 |
| dtxsid7027049 , |
| 25719-60-2 |
| unii-4ms8vhz1hj |
| FT-0622936 |
| FT-0604382 |
| FT-0637924 |
| (-)-.beta.-pinene |
| pc-600 |
| (1s)-(-)-.beta.-pinene |
| beta pinene |
| .beta.-pinene-(1s)-(-) |
| l-.beta.-pinene |
| laevo-.beta.-pinene |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-, (s)- |
| beta -pinene 1000 microg/ml in isopropanol |
| Q300928 |
| ?-pinene |
| DB15574 |
| mfcd00063635 |
| beta-pinene (pure) |
| tributyl-tinhydroxide |
| (1r)-(+)-pin-2(10)-ene |
| AKOS016843693 |
| -pinene |
| EN300-95729 |
| beta-pinene 1000 microg/ml in isopropanol |
| (+/-)-beta-pinene |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo(3.1.1)heptane |
| beta-pinene, (+/-)- |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The overuse of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito vectors lead to resistance, adverse environmental effects and high operational costs." | ( Chemical composition, toxicity and non-target effects of Pinus kesiya essential oil: An eco-friendly and novel larvicide against malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors. Benelli, G; Govindarajan, M; Rajeswary, M, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "A high diversity of plant defenses may be a response to herbivore diversity or may be collectively more toxic than single compounds, either of which may be important for understanding insect-plant associations." | ( Toxicity of Monoterpene Structure, Diversity and Concentration to Mountain Pine Beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae: Beetle Traits Matter More. LaFramboise, LM; Reid, ML; Sekhon, JK, 2017) | 0.46 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " In this study, the quality and odor characteristics of five groups of nutmeg samples with different degrees of mildew were analyzed by using the responses of an electronic nose combined with chemical profiling." | ( Detection of Mildewed Nutmeg Internal Quality during Storage Using an Electronic Nose Combined with Chemical Profile Analysis. Cui, Y; Liang, J; Ouyang, S; Wang, Y; Yan, Y; Yang, R; Yao, Y; Yu, S; Zou, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "80 mg/ml) inhibited the germination, root length, and shoot length of test weeds in a dose-response manner." | ( β-Pinene inhibited germination and early growth involves membrane peroxidation. Ahuja, N; Batish, DR; Chowhan, N; Kaur, S; Kohli, RK; Singh, HP, 2013) | 0.39 |
| Product Category | Products |
|---|---|
| Baby & Kids Products | 1 |
| Product | Brand | Category | Compounds Matched from Ingredients | Date Retrieved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Honest Company Conditioning Detangler Nourish Sweet Almond -- 4 fl oz | The Honest Company | Baby & Kids Products | caprylyl glycol, citric acid, anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, pinene, citric acid, gamma-decalactone, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glycerin, maltol, raspberry ketone, vanillin | 2024-11-29 10:47:42 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| plant metabolite | Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| pinene | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID334966 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 20 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 5 hrs | |||
| AID334962 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 40 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 3 hrs | |||
| AID360503 | Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity | 1995 | Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 58, Issue:11 | Santolindiacetylene, a polyacetylene derivative isolated from the essential oil of Santolina canescens. |
| AID334958 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 80 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 1 hrs | |||
| AID334964 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 20 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 1 hrs | |||
| AID1090801 | Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as size of growth inhibitory zone at concentration of 2 mM in volume of 4 ul of acetone measured after 4 days by TLC based direct bioautography assay | 2007 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Oct-17, Volume: 55, Issue:21 | Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils. |
| AID334965 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 20 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 3 hrs | |||
| AID334961 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 40 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 1 hrs | |||
| AID1090799 | Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as size of growth inhibitory zone at concentration of 2 mM in volume of 4 ul of acetone measured after 4 days by TLC based direct bioautography assay | 2007 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Oct-17, Volume: 55, Issue:21 | Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils. |
| AID332912 | Antimicrobial activity Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 after 2 days by broth dilution method | 1994 | Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 57, Issue:1 | Naturally occurring antiacne agents. |
| AID334963 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 40 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 5 hrs | |||
| AID334960 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 80 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 5 hrs | |||
| AID1090804 | Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum assessed as size of growth inhibitory zone at concentration of 2 mM in volume of 4 ul of acetone measured after 4 days by TLC based direct bioautography assay | 2007 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Oct-17, Volume: 55, Issue:21 | Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils. |
| AID1066526 | Antiinflammatory activity against human primary chondrocytes assessed as inhibition of IL-1beta-induced NO production at 200 ug/ml after 30 mins by Griess method relative to IL-1beta treated control | 2014 | Journal of natural products, Feb-28, Volume: 77, Issue:2 | Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective activity of (+)-α-pinene: structural and enantiomeric selectivity. |
| AID334959 | Antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced plantar edema in Wistar rat hind paw at 80 mg/kg, ip administered 1 hr before carrageenan challenge measured after 3 hrs | |||
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 10 (3.09) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 12 (3.70) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 78 (24.07) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 176 (54.32) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 48 (14.81) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (51.21) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 6 (1.83%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1 (0.30%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 321 (97.87%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-cyanopyridine pyridine-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source. 3-pyridinecarbonitrile : A nitrile that is pyridine substituted by a cyano group at position 3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; pyridines | |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 2 | 1 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| benzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes | EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite |
| benzene [no description available] | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cuminaldehyde cuminaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzaldehydes | insecticide; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | algal metabolite |
| caprylic aldehyde caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765. octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | plant metabolite |
| fosmidomycin fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| indole [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 2.84 | 3 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| 1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
| hydroxide ion [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oxygen hydride | mouse metabolite |
| palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | plant metabolite |
| sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | sulfur oxoacid | catalyst |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| caffeine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 4.01 | 13 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol | algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| eucalyptol [no description available] | 10.85 | 35 | 0 | ||
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| 4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cresol | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin |
| beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite |
| myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin; | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | metabolite |
| neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzodioxoles | flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; primary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-hexanal [no description available] | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
| ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | plant hormone; refrigerant |
| cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopropanes | inhalation anaesthetic |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. | 9.42 | 20 | 0 | monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 8.32 | 6 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| camphene camphene : A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils. | 4.42 | 20 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| alpha-pinene [no description available] | 8.91 | 172 | 0 | pinene | plant metabolite |
| methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
| dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 3.57 | 8 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; substituted aniline | carcinogenic agent |
| methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phenylpropanoid | |
| 2-methylbutanal 2-methylbutanal: structure in first source. 2-methylbutanal : A methylbutanal in which the methyl substituent is at position 2. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde; methylbutanal | plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; volatile oil component |
| furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; furans | Maillard reaction product; metabolite |
| carveol carveol: structure given in first source; prolongs tumor latency and decreases tumor yield. carveol : A limonene monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 5. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | limonene monoterpenoid | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones | allergen |
| alpha phellandrene alpha phellandrene: can be irritating to, & absorbed by the skin; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phellandrene : One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic). | 3.23 | 5 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; phellandrene | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. | 4.68 | 26 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; monoterpene | antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. | 4.17 | 16 | 0 | monoterpene; toluenes | human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 5.88 | 36 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| cyclohexanone [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| pentanal pentanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde composed from five carbons in a straight chain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | saturated fatty aldehyde | plant metabolite |
| cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | cycloalkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond. | 7.94 | 4 | 0 | cycloalkene | |
| 1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | heptanol; primary alcohol | flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| heptanal heptanal : An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | biomarker |
| nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| n-decyl alcohol n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | decanol; primary alcohol | metabolite; pheromone; protic solvent |
| decanaldehyde decanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid). | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | antifungal agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| undecan-1-ol undecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. undecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eleven carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; undecanol | flavouring agent; plant metabolite |
| dodecanol Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dodecanol; primary alcohol | bacterial metabolite; cosmetic; insect attractant; insecticide; pheromone; plant metabolite |
| 1-tridecanol 1-tridecanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. tridecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is tridecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. tridecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of thirteen carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | long-chain primary fatty alcohol; tridecanol | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| myristyl alcohol myristyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetradecan-1-ol : A long-chain fatty alcohol that is tetradecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. tetradecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of fourteen carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | long-chain primary fatty alcohol; tetradecanol | pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| stearyl alcohol octadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.. octadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | long-chain primary fatty alcohol; octadecanol | algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| linalyl acetate linalyl acetate: structure in first source; RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation. linalyl acetate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.. 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | |
| captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide | antifungal agrochemical |
| estragole estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | alkenylbenzene; monomethoxybenzene; phenylpropanoid | carcinogenic agent; flavouring agent; genotoxin; insect attractant; plant metabolite |
| citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| 1-nonanol nonanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of nine carbon atoms.. nonan-1-ol : A nonanol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated as a component of volatile oils from plants like Hordeum vulgare. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nonanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| pinane pinane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pinane : A monoterpene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6. | 8.49 | 2 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | plant metabolite |
| elemicin [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound | |
| carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols | agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component |
| abietic acid abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid | plant metabolite |
| myrtenol myrtenol: fragrance ingredient; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| elemene elemene: a sclerosing and antineoplastic agent isolated from Curcuma wenyujin & Rhizoma zedoariae; beta- and delta- elemene are also available | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| perillyl alcohol perillyl alcohol: inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase; structure in first source. perillyl alcohol : A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | limonene monoterpenoid | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| dimethylzinc [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-phellandrene [no description available] | 4.09 | 14 | 0 | phellandrene | plant metabolite |
| 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. | 3.83 | 11 | 0 | terpineol; tertiary alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 6-methylsalicylic acid 6-methylsalicylic acid: structure. 6-methylsalicylic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | Penicillium metabolite; plant metabolite |
| terpinolene [no description available] | 3.77 | 10 | 0 | p-menthadiene | insect repellent; plant metabolite; sedative; volatile oil component |
| 2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hexanol; secondary alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical |
| 2-nonanol 2-nonanol: from purple and yellow passion fruits. nonan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nonanol; secondary alcohol | bacterial metabolite; flavouring agent; pheromone; plant metabolite; rat metabolite; volatile oil component |
| tridecane tridecane : A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | long-chain alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| heptadecane heptadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 17 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Opuntia littoralis and Annona squamosa. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | long-chain alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| n-tricosane n-tricosane: repels ovipositing female mosquitoes. tricosane : A straight chain alkane containing 23 carbon atoms. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | long-chain alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| undecane undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| perillaldehyde perillaldehyde: from oil of Perillae herba; has neuropharmacological actions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6956. perillyl aldehyde : An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; olefinic compound | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; volatile oil component |
| alpha-terpineol terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent. | 4.07 | 14 | 0 | terpineol | plant metabolite |
| alpha-thujene alpha-thujene: volatile oil constituent of Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal; structure in first source. alpha-thujene : A thujene that has a bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene skeleton which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | thujene | |
| sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. | 4.39 | 20 | 0 | thujene | plant metabolite |
| 2-octanol 2-octanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. octan-2-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | octanol; secondary alcohol | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. | 7.24 | 70 | 0 | cycloalkene; p-menthadiene | human metabolite |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| sulfur trioxide sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | |
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 4.23 | 17 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| ferric phosphate ferric phosphate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(3+) phosphate : An inorganic phosphate having Fe(3+) as the counterion. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic phosphate; iron molecular entity | |
| barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic chloride | potassium channel blocker |
| titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
| 3-carene 3-carene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 4.48 | 22 | 0 | monoterpene | |
| tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-selinene beta-selinene: isolated from aerial parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong; RN given for (4aR-(4aalpha,7alpha,8abeta))-isomer. (-)-beta-selinene : The (4aS,7S,8aR)-stereoisomer of beta-selinene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-selinene | |
| benomyl [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| verbenone verbenone: platelet aggregation inhibitor; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 4, 6 and 6, and which contains a double bond between positions 3 and 4.. (S)-(-)-verbenone : A 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one in which both chiral centres have S configuration. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; cyclic ketone; enone | |
| chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation | |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 11.16 | 39 | 0 | monoterpene | anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| nonanal nonanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| nopinone nopinone: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| alkenes [no description available] | 4.78 | 28 | 0 | ||
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| verbenol verbenol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| myrtenal myrtenal: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-butene 2-butene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | but-2-ene | |
| 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | metabolite |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| artemisia ketone artemisia ketone: structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone | antimalarial; plant metabolite |
| polygodial [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde | |
| nagilactone c nagilactone C: norditerpene lactone isolated from leaves of Podocarpus; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carane carane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carane : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 7. | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | |
| cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound | antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| beta-thujone [no description available] | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | beta-thujone | |
| beta-eudesmol beta-eudesmol: found in Atractylodes and other plants; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta))-isomer. beta-eudesmol : A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer). | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| elemol elemol: monocyclic sespuiterpenoid tertiary alcohol; RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,3alpha,4beta))-isomer; structure in first source. elemol : A sesquiterpenoid that is isopropanol which is substituted at position 2 by a (3S,4S)-3-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-vinylcyclohexyl group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| alpha-eudesmol alpha-eudesmol: RN refers to (2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta)-isomer; from Juniperus virginiana; inhibits omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive Ca2+ currents and synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake; structure in first source. alpha-eudesmol : A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11 and has a double bond between C-3 and C-4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; octahydronaphthalenes; tertiary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| zingiberene zingiberene: in wild tomato; structure in first source. zingiberene : 2-Methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene in which a hydrogen at the 5 position is substituted (R configuration) by a 6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl group (S configuration). It is a sesquiterpene found in the dried rhizomes of Indonesian ginger, Zingiber officinale. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; sesquiterpene | |
| totarol totarol: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Podocarpus nagi | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid | metabolite |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo(3.1.1)heptan-3-ol 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo(3.1.1)heptan-3-ol: fragrance ingredient; structure in first source. pinocarveol : A pinane monoterpenoid that is a bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by two methyl groups at position 6, a methylidene group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; pinane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | GABA modulator; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| phytol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| farnesylacetic acid farnesylacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| camphora camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | camphor | |
| chrysanthenyl acetate chrysanthenyl acetate: structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| anacardic acid anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| methyl abietate methyl abietate: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,4abeta,4balpha,10aalpha))-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aromadendrene aromadendrene: do not confuse with aromadendrin | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
| bornyl pyrophosphate (+)-bornyl diphosphate : A monoterpenyl phosphate that is the O-diphospho derivative of (+)-borneol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; monoterpenyl phosphate | |
| sandaracopimaric acid sandaracopimaric acid: a terpenoid from Sagittaria sanittifolia L.. sandaracopimaric acid : A pimarane diterpenoid that is (1S,4aS,4bS,7R,10aS)-1,4a,7-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene carrying a carboxy group at position 1 and a vinyl group at position 7. It is a natural product found in several plant species. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pimarane diterpenoid; tricyclic diterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor |
| menthofuran menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; monoterpenoid | nematicide; plant metabolite |
| (+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | limonene | plant metabolite |
| (+)-delta-cadinene delta-cadinene: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. delta-cadinene : A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (position 8a).. (+)-delta-cadinene : A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cadinene; delta-cadinene | |
| bisabolol Kamillosan: drug combination containing chamomile and bisabolol; used to treat dermatitis | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
| alpha-copaene alpha-copaene: from Olea europaea; structure in first source. alpha-copaene : A sesquiterpene that is tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]dec-3-ene bearing an isopropyl substituent at position 8 and two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 3 (the 1S,6S,7S,8S-diastereomer). | 2.9 | 3 | 0 | ||
| pulegone pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one | |
| rotundifolone rotundifolone: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | oxacycle | |
| 1-alpha-terpineol (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol : The (S)-enantiomer of alpha-terpineol. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alpha-terpineol | plant metabolite |
| farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | farnesol | plant metabolite |
| farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | farnesyl diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| geranyl pyrophosphate geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | polyprenyl diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
| potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| spathulenol spathulenol: sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L. & Artemisia dracunculus L.. spathulenol : A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. | 2.84 | 3 | 0 | ||
| alpha-asarone asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | asarone | anticonvulsant; GABA modulator |
| cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | 3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes | antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent |
| anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | anethole | flavouring agent |
| geraniol [no description available] | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol | allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| isosafrole isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange. | 8.35 | 6 | 0 | enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| beta-ionone beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ionone | antioxidant; fragrance |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 5.31 | 49 | 0 | ||
| isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | isoeugenol | plant metabolite |
| geranyl acetate geranyl acetate: constituted about 90% of the palmarosa oil. geranyl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester derivative of geraniol. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | epoxide | metabolite |
| longifolene longifolene: from plant products; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,3abeta,4alpha,8abeta))-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | longifolene | |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface. | 3.14 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile | antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine | |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | oxo monocarboxylic acid | jasmonates; plant metabolite |
| 2-hexenal, z-isomer 2-hexenal: product of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver; a green odor chemical; do not confuse with the hexabarbital synonym, hexenal; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hexenal : A hexenal having the double bond at the 2-position.. (2E)-hexenal : A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-hexenal | antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite |
| caryophyllene (-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | beta-caryophyllene | fragrance; insect attractant; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | alpha-humulene | |
| ginkgolic acid [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzoic acid | |
| nerolidol (6E)-nerolidol : A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a trans-configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nerolidol | |
| beta-farnesene beta-farnesene: structure given in first source | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | beta-farnesene | |
| nerolidol nerolidol: sesquiterpene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; nerol is also available. nerolidol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-1,6,10-triene which carries methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a natural product that is present in various flowers and plants with a floral odor. Chemically, it exists in two geometric isomers, trans and cis forms. It is widely used in cosmetics (e.g. shampoos and perfumes), in non-cosmetic products (e.g. detergents and cleansers) and also as a food flavoring agent.. (6Z)-nerolidol : A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a cis-configuration. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nerolidol | |
| beta-ocimene beta-ocimene : The trans-stereoisomer of ocimene.. (Z)-beta-ocimene : A beta-ocimene that consists of octa-1,3,6-triene bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 3Z-isomer). | 3.62 | 8 | 0 | beta-ocimene | plant metabolite |
| caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 4.78 | 28 | 0 | ||
| barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 2.87 | 3 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| germacrene d germacrene D: RN in 9th CI Form Index for unspecified stereoisomer: 37839-63-7 | 3.96 | 12 | 0 | ||
| deoxyribose [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | deoxypentose | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| germacrene a germacrene A: RN given for (S-(E,E))-isomer; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | germacrene; sesquiterpene | |
| bisabolol bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pinocamphone pinocamphone: RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 alpha, 5 alpha)-isomer | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| cadinol cadinol: from callus cultures of Chamomilla recutita (Asteraceae) | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | ||
| beta-escin [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| borneol [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | borneol | |
| beta-elemene beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. | 3.24 | 5 | 0 | beta-elemene | antineoplastic agent |
| bornyl acetate [no description available] | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | |
| isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | borneol | |
| 2-hydroxy-6-[(8Z,11Z)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl]benzoic acid [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzoic acid | |
| zeolites [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cubebol cubebol: antifeedants against Acusta despesta from the Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica II; structure in first source. (-)-cubebol : A tertiary alcohol resulting from the formal addition of water to the double bond of alpha-cubebene. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | |
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.82 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methyl jasmonate [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phillyrin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| globulol globulol: from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | alkylating agent |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 7.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 7.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Fungal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI. | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatophytoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Group A Strep Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmania Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Aspergillus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Break-Bone Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Bancroftian Elephantiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Elephantiasis, Filarial Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 3.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Trypanosomiasis, Bovine Infection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoascorbemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bites [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |