hydrocodone profile

Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5284569
CHEMBL ID	1457
CHEBI ID	5779
SCHEMBL ID	2987
MeSH ID	M0010704

Synonym
hydrocodonum
3-methoxy-17-methyl-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one
hidrocodona
CHEBI:5779 ,
(5alpha)-17-methyl-3-(methyloxy)-4,5-epoxymorphinan-6-one
einecs 204-733-9
brn 0094193
hydrocodonum [inn-latin]
dea no. 9193
hidrocodona [inn-spanish]
4,5alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
idrocodone [dcit]
nsc 19044
morphinan-6-one, 4,5alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-
morphinan-6-one, 4,5-alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-
multacodin
morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5alpha)-
hydrocodone [inn:ban]
hsdb 3097
hydrocodon
dico
nsc-19044
morphinan-6-one,5.alpha.-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-
morphinan-6-one,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5.alpha.)-
wln: t b6566 b6/co 4abbc r bx fv ho pn ght&&ttj jo1 p1
6-oxo-3-methoxy-n-methyl-4,5-epoxymorphinan
hydrocone
codeinone, dihydro-
4ah-8,5-bcd]furan-5-(6h)-one, 7,7a,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-12-methyl-
bekadid
codinovo
C08024
hydrocodone
dihydrocodeinone
125-29-1
idrocodone
DB00956
NCGC00159317-03
NCGC00159317-02
(-)-dihydrocodeinone
hydroconum
4,5-alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
CHEMBL1457
hydrocodone polistirex
hydrocodone (inn)
D08045
bdbm50386689
unii-6yks4y3wq7
4-27-00-03580 (beilstein handbook reference)
6yks4y3wq7 ,
hydrocodone polistirex [usan]
(4r,4ar,7ar,12bs)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a,5,6,7a,13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-one
gtpl7081
hydrocodone [mi]
hydrocodone-
hydrocodone [hsdb]
oxycodone hydrochloride, hydrocodone- [usp impurity]
hydrocodone cii [usp-rs]
hydrocodone [who-dd]
hydrocodone [inn]
hydrocodone [vandf]
(5.alpha.)-3-methoxy-17-methyl-4,5-epoxymorphinan-6-one
oxycodone hydrochloride impurity e [ep impurity]
dihydrocodeine hydrogen tartrate impurity c [ep impurity]
SCHEMBL2987
17-methyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-methoxymorphinan-6-one
LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N
4,5alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-morphinan-6-one
opioid1
DTXSID8023131 ,
(1s,5r,13r,17r)-10-methoxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10-trien-14-one
hydrocodone 0.1 mg/ml in methanol
hydrocodone 1.0 mg/ml in methanol
50678-79-0
(4r,4ar,7ar,12bs)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a,5,6,7a,13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-one
Q411441
(1s,5r,13r,17r)-10-methoxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0?,??.0?,??.0?,??]octadeca-7,9,11(18)-trien-14-one
dtxcid803131
bekadid-
r05da03
hidrocodona (inn-spanish)
hydrocodonum (latin)
hydrocodone cii (usp-rs)
hydrocodone cii
dihydrocodeine hydrogen tartrate impurity c (ep impurity)
dicodid-
hydrocodonum (inn-latin)
hydrocodone, 1mg/ml in methanol

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Opioids are associated with numerous adverse effects."	( Presurgical intravenous parecoxib sodium and follow-up oral valdecoxib for pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery reduces opioid requirements and opioid-related adverse effects. Chen, C; Cheung, RY; Gan, TJ; Hanna, DB; Joshi, GP; Zhao, SZ, 2004)	0.32
"Treatment with parecoxib and valdecoxib significantly reduced the cumulative MED requirements, the incidence of opioid-related adverse effects, and patient-days with CMEs."	( Presurgical intravenous parecoxib sodium and follow-up oral valdecoxib for pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery reduces opioid requirements and opioid-related adverse effects. Chen, C; Cheung, RY; Gan, TJ; Hanna, DB; Joshi, GP; Zhao, SZ, 2004)	0.32
"With the objective of comparing incidence of adverse events of the opioids codeine, hydrocodone, and tramadol in the relief of cancer pain, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in which patients with cancer were randomly assigned according to a computer-generated schedule to receive one of the three opioids."	( Incidence of weak opioids adverse events in the management of cancer pain: a double-blind comparative trial. Bravo, LE; Castillo, JM; Castillo, MP; Castro, F; Daza, P; Montoya, O; Restrepo, JM; Rodriguez, MF; Rodriguez, RF, 2007)	0.34
" This study was aimed at identifying the specific agent responsible for hearing loss from toxic killing of cochlear sensory cells."	( Acetaminophen ototoxicity after acetaminophen/hydrocodone abuse: evidence from two parallel in vitro mouse models. Kalinec, F; Kalinec, GM; Luxford, WM; Warren, FM; Yorgason, JG, 2010)	0.36
" Physicians need to be aware of this adverse effect, rather then resorting to expensive diagnostic interventions."	( Prolonged ventricular asystole: a rare adverse effect of hydrocodone use. Sudhakaran, S; Surani, SR; Surani, SS, 2014)	0.4
" Adverse events in both trials were typical of those associated with opioid analgesics."	( Efficacy and safety of once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone in individuals previously receiving hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination therapy for chronic pain. Bartoli, A; He, E; Michna, E; Wen, W, 2015)	0.42
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dual-modality (written and spoken) literacy-appropriate educational strategy on patients' knowledge of and safe use of opioid analgesics."	( Improving patient knowledge and safe use of opioids: a randomized controlled trial. Adams, JG; Ahlstrom, E; Cameron, KA; Chevrier, A; Courtney, DM; Engel, KG; McCarthy, DM; McConnell, R; Sears, J; Wolf, MS, 2015)	0.42
" The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs; ≥ 5 percent) were those commonly associated with the use of systemic µ-opioid analgesics, including nausea, constipation, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, somnolence, and headache."	( 12-Month safety and effectiveness of once-daily hydrocodone tablets formulated with abuse-deterrent properties in patients with moderate to severe chronic pain. He, E; Lynch, SY; Ripa, S; Taber, L; Wen, W, )	0.13
" Primary safety measures included the incidence of adverse events, as well as audiologic, clinical laboratory and electrocardiogram measurements."	( Long-term safety and effectiveness of once-daily, single-entity, extended-release hydrocodone over 76 weeks of an open-label study in patients with chronic noncancer and nonneuropathic pain. He, E; Lynch, SY; Ripa, SR; Taber, L, 2016)	0.43
" Treatment-emergent adverse events were typical of those observed with μ-opioid agonists."	( Long-term safety and effectiveness of once-daily, single-entity, extended-release hydrocodone over 76 weeks of an open-label study in patients with chronic noncancer and nonneuropathic pain. He, E; Lynch, SY; Ripa, SR; Taber, L, 2016)	0.43
"Changes from baseline at week 12 in weekly average of daily worst pain intensity (WPI; primary efficacy measure), weekly average pain intensity (API; secondary efficacy measure), adverse events (AEs), and study drug loss and diversion."	( Efficacy and safety of a hydrocodone extended-release tablet formulated with abuse-deterrence technology in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain. Eyal, E; Hale, ME; Malamut, R; Zimmerman, TR, )	0.13
" HYD demonstrated a safety profile typical of µ opioids; nausea, constipation, vomiting, and dizziness were the most frequently reported opioid-related adverse events during the study."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Once-Daily Extended-Release Hydrocodone in Individuals Previously Receiving Immediate-Release Oxycodone for Chronic Pain. He, E; Kowalski, M; Pergolizzi, J, 2018)	0.48
"HYD demonstrated a safety profile consistent with μ-opioid agonists: Serious adverse events in 12% patients with depression/anxiety including four deaths; 6% without depression/anxiety including one death."	( Safety and effectiveness of once-daily Hysingla extended-release tablets in patients with baseline depression or anxiety. He, E; Ripa, SR; Taber, L, 2017)	0.46
"More serious adverse events occurred among patients with comorbid depression/anxiety at baseline than among those without."	( Safety and effectiveness of once-daily Hysingla extended-release tablets in patients with baseline depression or anxiety. He, E; Ripa, SR; Taber, L, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse nasal effects were more frequent for intranasal benzhydrocodone/APAP vs intranasal HB/APAP."	( Relative Bioavailability, Intranasal Abuse Potential, and Safety of Benzhydrocodone/Acetaminophen Compared with Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen in Recreational Drug Abusers. Barrett, AC; Guenther, SM; Lam, V; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48
"Reduced hydrocodone exposure and drug liking at early time intervals, coupled with adverse nasal effects, can be expected to provide a level of deterrence to the intranasal route of abuse for benzhydrocodone/APAP."	( Relative Bioavailability, Intranasal Abuse Potential, and Safety of Benzhydrocodone/Acetaminophen Compared with Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen in Recreational Drug Abusers. Barrett, AC; Guenther, SM; Lam, V; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48
" Regression models estimated daily milligrams morphine equivalent (MME), daily prescription acetaminophen dose, potentially toxic acetaminophen doses, nonopioid prescription analgesics receipt, emergency room visits, and diagnosed falls, motor vehicle accidents, and hip fractures."	( Response to Propoxyphene Market Withdrawal: Analgesic Substitutes, Doses, and Adverse Events. Hooten, WM; Jeffery, MM; Larochelle, M; Meara, E; Morden, NE; Shah, ND, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse events were rare and not significantly different in exposed versus unexposed groups."	( Response to Propoxyphene Market Withdrawal: Analgesic Substitutes, Doses, and Adverse Events. Hooten, WM; Jeffery, MM; Larochelle, M; Meara, E; Morden, NE; Shah, ND, 2020)	0.56
"Due to concerns over potential interactions between some hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and opioids, we describe adverse event (AE) reports of concomitant use of opioids and DAAs."	( Reported adverse events related to use of hepatitis C virus direct-acting antivirals with opioids: 2017-2021. Collins, M; Conway, B; Dylla, DE; Khan, T; Marcinak, J; Martinez, A; Saget, B, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in healthy Chinese volunteers."	( Determination and pharmacokinetic study of hydrocodone in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Guo, R; Wang, B; Wei, C; Yuan, G; Zhang, R, 2009)	0.35
" The mean hydrocodone CMAX was 11."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and hydromorphone after oral hydrocodone in healthy Greyhound dogs. KuKanich, B; Spade, J, 2013)	0.39
" Additionally, there are no published reports of population pharmacokinetic analyses for hydrocodone."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis for hydrocodone following the administration of hydrocodone bitartrate extended-release capsules. Farr, SJ; Melhem, MR; Robinson, CY; Rubino, CM, 2013)	0.39
" Despite this approval, pediatric pharmacokinetic data using this product have not been previously published."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination product in children ages 6-17 with moderate to moderately severe postoperative pain. Awni, W; Dutta, S; Kearns, G; Liu, W; Neville, KA, 2015)	0.42
" This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of three hydrocodone ER tablet prototypes with varying levels of polymer coating to identify the prototype expected to have the greatest abuse deterrence potential based on pharmacokinetic characteristics that maintain systemic exposure to hydrocodone comparable to that of a commercially available hydrocodone immediate-release (IR) product."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.42
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic assessments were collected predose and through 72 h postdose."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.42
"All three hydrocodone ER tablet prototypes (low-, intermediate-, and high-level polymer coating) demonstrated ER pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.42
"CYP2D6 phenotype-specific HC clinical pharmacokinetic parameter estimates and phenotype-specific percentages of HM formed from HC."	( Individualized Hydrocodone Therapy Based on Phenotype, Pharmacogenetics, and Pharmacokinetic Dosing. Boston, RC; Daly, AL; Fudin, J; Linares, OA, 2015)	0.42
" Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis of study drugs and their metabolites over an 8-hour period beginning after the second dose of the study medication."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and tramadol administered for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Benitez, ME; KuKanich, B; McMurphy, R; Roush, JK, 2015)	0.42
" The terminal half-life for hydrocodone was 15."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and tramadol administered for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Benitez, ME; KuKanich, B; McMurphy, R; Roush, JK, 2015)	0.42
" This study examined the influence of the coadministration of paroxetine, a strong selective CYP2D6 inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetic properties of hydrocodone (and hydromorphone) in healthy adults."	( Effects of paroxetine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetic properties of hydrocodone after coadministration with a single-entity, once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone tablet. Cipriano, A; Friedman, K; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Michels, G; Mondal, SA; Shet, M, 2015)	0.42
"Hydrocodone mean Cmax and t½ and median Tmax values were similar with paroxetine or placebo coadministration (16."	( Effects of paroxetine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetic properties of hydrocodone after coadministration with a single-entity, once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone tablet. Cipriano, A; Friedman, K; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Michels, G; Mondal, SA; Shet, M, 2015)	0.42
"Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis methods."	( A pharmacokinetic evaluation of single and multiple doses of extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate in subjects experiencing surgical or osteoarthritic pain. Farr, SJ; Robinson, CY; Rubino, CM, )	0.13
" In both studies, a high-fat meal did not affect the Cmax for hydrocodone."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of 2 or 3 tablets of biphasic immediate-release/extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen (MNK-155) under fed and fasted conditions: two randomized open-label trials. Devarakonda, K; Giuliani, MJ; Kostenbader, K; Young, JL, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacokinetic profiles were comparable at day 1 and day 5 after administration of HYD 120 mg once daily."	( Pharmacokinetic Profile and Sustained 24-hour Analgesia of a Once-daily Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-release Tablet with Abuse-deterrent Properties. Cipriano, A; Colucci, SV; Harris, SC; He, E; Kapil, RP; Wen, W; Yu Lynch, S, 2016)	0.43
" Mean hydrocodone Cmax following insufflation of HYD coarse particles, HYD fine particles, and hydrocodone powder was 27."	( Intranasal Abuse Potential, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of Once-Daily, Single-Entity, Extended-Release Hydrocodone (HYD) in Recreational Opioid Users. Cipriano, A; Colucci, SV; Geoffroy, P; Harris, SC; Hopyan, T; Kapil, RP; Levy-Cooperman, N, 2016)	0.43
" Mean Cmax with normal hepatic function and moderate impairment was 10."	( Effects of Renal Impairment and Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Hydrocodone After Administration of a Hydrocodone Extended-Release Tablet Formulated With Abuse-Deterrence Technology. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2016)	0.43
" The pharmacokinetic properties of the individual components were evaluated in a randomized, open-label, four-period study in 12 healthy Chinese volunteers following single and multiple doses."	( Pharmacokinetics of guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine and hydrocodone in a combination oral liquid formulation, administered as single and multiple doses in healthy Chinese volunteers, and comparison with data for individual compounds formulated as Antuss®. Deng, S; Hu, J; Huang, W; Lu, H; Ni, X; Qiu, C; Shang, D; Wang, Z; Wen, Y; Xiong, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y; Zhu, X, 2017)	0.46
" Median Tmax of hydrocodone following benzhydrocodone API was delayed by more than one hour compared with HB."	( Pharmacokinetics and Abuse Potential of Benzhydrocodone, a Novel Prodrug of Hydrocodone, After Intranasal Administration in Recreational Drug Users. Barrett, AC; Dickerson, D; Guenther, SM; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Webster, LR; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This case highlights the interplay between pharmacogenetic factors, drug-drug interactions, and dose-related toxicity in a child."	( Fatal hydrocodone overdose in a child: pharmacogenetics and drug interactions. Carleton, BC; Ciszkowski, C; Gong, IY; Hayden, MR; Hildebrandt, D; Koren, G; Lauwers, AE; Madadi, P; Ross, CJ; Schwarz, UI; Sistonen, J, 2010)	0.36
"CYP2D6 drug-drug interactions appear to change effectiveness of commonly prescribed drugs in the ED."	( The effect of CYP2D6 drug-drug interactions on hydrocodone effectiveness. Campbell, J; Hamamura, D; Heard, KJ; Monte, AA; Vasiliou, V; Weinshilboum, RM, 2014)	0.4
" More importantly, opioids are often prescribed in combination with multiple other drugs, especially in patient populations who typically are prescribed a large drug regimen."	( Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interactions. Coates, S; Lazarus, P, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The compound appeared to be well absorbed in the three species."	( Disposition and metabolism of codorphone in the rat, dog, and man. Evans, JV; Helms, RJ; Leeling, JL; Ryerson, BA, )	0.13
" A plasma concentration-time curve from a subject administered a single oral dose of hydromorphone demonstrates the usefulness of the assay in monitoring drug levels in a bioavailability study."	( Radioimmunoassay of hydromorphone and hydrocodone in human plasma. Honigberg, IL; Stewart, JT, 1980)	0.26
" Across treatments (hydrocodone solution, HYD fine particles, HYD chewed, and HYD intact, respectively), mean C max and rate of absorption (C max /T max ) values decreased, respectively, and median T max values increased, respectively."	( Oral Abuse Potential, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of Once-Daily, Single-Entity, Extended-Release Hydrocodone (HYD) in Recreational Opioid Users. Cipriano, A; Colucci, SV; Geoffroy, P; Harris, SC; Hopyan, T; Kapil, RP; Levy-Cooperman, N, 2017)	0.46
"This study compared the development of tolerance to two orally bioavailable prescription opioids, oxycodone and hydrocodone, to that of morphine, and the reversal of this tolerance by ethanol."	( Ethanol Reversal of Tolerance to the Antinociceptive Effects of Oxycodone and Hydrocodone. Akbarali, HI; Dewey, WL; Henderson, G; Jacob, JC; Poklis, JL, 2017)	0.46
" Moreover, in vivo performance of IR ADF technologies was investigated in an open-label, randomized, cross-over, phase 1, relative oral bioavailability study with another opioid (model compound)."	( Application of hot-melt extrusion technology in immediate-release abuse-deterrent formulations. Galia, E; Schwier, S; Stahlberg, HJ; Wening, K, )	0.13
"Single-center bioavailability trial."	( Application of hot-melt extrusion technology in immediate-release abuse-deterrent formulations. Galia, E; Schwier, S; Stahlberg, HJ; Wening, K, )	0.13

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" To illustrate the usefulness of this methodology, a urine sample obtained from a dog that had been dosed with codorphone was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and the metabolites were identified by comparison to the mass spectra of the synthetic derivatives."	( Methodology for the identification of the urinary metabolites of the analgesic-narcotic antagonist, codorphone, by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Evans, JV; Helms, RJ; Leeling, JL, 1982)	0.26
" Analgesia was measured during the 6-hour period after dosing based on onset of relief, hourly and summary variables, and duration of effect."	( Analgesic efficacy of a hydrocodone with ibuprofen combination compared with ibuprofen alone for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. Doyle, R; O'Neill, E; Olson, NZ; Ramos, I; Sunshine, A, 1997)	0.3
" Finally, shifts in the morphine dose-response lines after 24-h pretreatment with the four dihydrocodeinone compounds suggest that the nitrocinnamoylamino derivatives may produce a greater magnitude long-term antagonism of morphine-induced antinociception than the chlorocinnamoylamino analogs."	( Nitrocinnamoyl and chlorocinnamoyl derivatives of dihydrocodeinone: in vivo and in vitro characterization of mu-selective agonist and antagonist activity. Archer, S; Bidlack, JM; Hill, KP; Jiang, Q; McLaughlin, JP; Sebastian, A, 1999)	0.3
"This study demonstrated that a 2-tablet dose of hydrocodone with ibuprofen provided significantly more analgesia than a 1-tablet dose (a positive dose-response effect) and that both doses were superior to placebo."	( Dose-response effect of combination hydrocodone with ibuprofen in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Damask, M; de Padova, A; Doyle, RT; Jiang, JG; Keffer, M; Landau, CJ; Morris, E; Palangio, M; Wideman, GL, 2000)	0.31
" In a second case study, a postoperative patient self-administered 960 mg/day (240 mg four times per day) of physician-prescribed oral codeine phosphate, and urine specimens were collected on the third day of the dosing regimen."	( Identification of hydrocodone in human urine following controlled codeine administration. Cone, EJ; Huestis, MA; Joseph, RE; Oyler, JM, 2000)	0.31
" This article will address the safety and efficacy of acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen independently and in combination with currently available prescription dosage forms with a focus on pharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, including drug interactions at the CYP450 system."	( Acetaminophen, aspirin, or Ibuprofen in combination analgesic products. Barkin, RL, )	0.13
" The recommended dosing of the study medications was 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 5 tablets per day."	( Combination hydrocodone and ibuprofen versus combination oxycodone and acetaminophen in the treatment of moderate or severe acute low back pain. Dornseif, BE; Doyle, RT; Morris, E; Palangio, M; Valente, TJ, 2002)	0.31
" The new difference CD spectroscopic method can be applied to the selective determination of 6-oxo-morphinans in bulk and dosage forms."	( Determination of 6-oxo-morphinans, as the oximes, by difference circular dichroism spectroscopy. Gergely, A; Horváth, P; Hosztafi, S; Szász, G; Szentesi, A, 2002)	0.31
" Dose-response studies revealed an 50% effective dose for hydrocodone alone in mice of 11 mg/kg, SC."	( The synergistic analgesic interactions between hydrocodone and ibuprofen. Kolesnikov, YA; Pasternak, GW; Wilson, RS, 2003)	0.32
" The primary outcome measures were total pain relief through 6 hours after dosing (TOTPAR6), sum of pain intensity differences through 6 hours (SPID6), and adverse events."	( Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone 5 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg compared with those of oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg and hydrocodone 7.5 mg/acetaminophen 500 mg in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain: a randomized, double-blin Adamson, DN; Christensen, SE; Han, SH; Litkowski, LJ; Newman, KB; Van Dyke, T, 2005)	0.33
"When opioids are used for postoperative pain control, it is useful to define the dose-response relationship for analgesia and respiratory depression."	( Preoperative "fentanyl challenge" as a tool to estimate postoperative opioid dosing in chronic opioid-consuming patients. Davis, JJ; Dillon, JD; Egan, TD; Hall, RH; Johnson, KB; Niu, SY; Pace, NL; Swenson, JD, 2005)	0.33
" The limited efficacy of rofecoxib in this study contrasts to the results of previous surgical studies evaluating rofecoxib, and may be partially explained by the postoperative dosing in this arthroscopic surgical model."	( The efficacy of rofecoxib 50 mg and hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5/750 mg in patients with post-arthroscopic pain. Chelly, JE; Nissen, CW; Rodgers, AJ; Smugar, SS; Tershakovec, AM, 2007)	0.34
" In both groups, if pain intensity was rated as > 3 on the VAS at week 1 or 2, the dosage was doubled."	( Codeine/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination tablets for the management of chronic cancer pain in adults: a 23-day, prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Angel, AM; Castillo, JM; Del Pilar Castillo, M; Nuñez, PD; Ortiz, Y; Restrepo, JM; Rodriguez, JM; Rodriguez, MF; Rodriguez, RF, 2007)	0.34
" Of the patients who received C/A, 58% responded to the initial dosage of 150/2500 mg/d, and 8% of the patients responded to the double dosage; 34% did not experience pain relief."	( Codeine/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination tablets for the management of chronic cancer pain in adults: a 23-day, prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Angel, AM; Castillo, JM; Del Pilar Castillo, M; Nuñez, PD; Ortiz, Y; Restrepo, JM; Rodriguez, JM; Rodriguez, MF; Rodriguez, RF, 2007)	0.34
" Moderate dosages of hydrocodone appear acceptable during breastfeeding, but more data are needed to determine the maximum safe dosage for nursing mothers."	( Hydrocodone excretion into breast milk: the first two reported cases. Anderson, PO; Lane, JR; Rossi, SS; Sauberan, JB, 2007)	0.34
" Patients kept daily diaries and recorded pain scores and self hydrocodone dosing upon awakening, in the afternoon, and at bed time."	( Effect of cigarette smoking on serum hydrocodone levels in chronic pain patients. Ackerman, WE; Ahmad, M, 2007)	0.34
"Analgesic efficacy of opioids and dosing protocol have been shown to influence analgesic tolerance."	( Dosing protocol and analgesic efficacy determine opioid tolerance in the mouse. Dighe, SV; Madia, PA; Sirohi, S; Walker, EA; Yoburn, BC, 2009)	0.35
" Dose-response studies were conducted using morphine following treatment."	( Dosing protocol and analgesic efficacy determine opioid tolerance in the mouse. Dighe, SV; Madia, PA; Sirohi, S; Walker, EA; Yoburn, BC, 2009)	0.35
" These results suggest that opioid analgesic tolerance may be increased when sustained release dosing formulations or continuous infusions are employed clinically."	( Dosing protocol and analgesic efficacy determine opioid tolerance in the mouse. Dighe, SV; Madia, PA; Sirohi, S; Walker, EA; Yoburn, BC, 2009)	0.35
" Additional measures included NPRS scores at predefined times over 48 hours, the summed pain intensity difference over 48 hours (SPID48), the time-weighted sum of pain relief scores over the first 8 hours, the mean dosing interval (the time from dosing to the time rescue medication or the next dose of study medication was administered, whichever was less), the proportion of patients requiring rescue medication, and the onset of perceptible and meaningful pain relief (2-stopwatch method)."	( Diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gelatin capsules in the management of patients with postbunionectomy pain: a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted over 5 days. Boesing, SE; Diamond, E; Duckor, S; Gottlieb, I; Raymond, G; Riff, DS; Soulier, S, 2009)	0.35
"001), and overall mean dosing interval (331."	( Diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gelatin capsules in the management of patients with postbunionectomy pain: a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted over 5 days. Boesing, SE; Diamond, E; Duckor, S; Gottlieb, I; Raymond, G; Riff, DS; Soulier, S, 2009)	0.35
"To determine the effectiveness of around-the-clock (ATC) analgesic administration, with or without nurse coaching, compared with standard care with as needed (PRN) dosing in children undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy."	( A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2010)	0.36
" With the exception of constipation, scheduled analgesic dosing did not increase the frequency or severity of opioid-related adverse effects."	( A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2010)	0.36
"Scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone is more effective than PRN dosing in reducing pain intensity in children after tonsillectomy."	( A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2010)	0.36
"Twenty healthy volunteers received 20, 60 and 120 mg daily doses of hydrocodone dosed to steady-state at each level while under a naltrexone blockade."	( Use of an algorithm applied to urine drug screening to assess adherence to a hydrocodone regimen. Couto, JE; Leider, HL; Linden, A; Romney, MC; Webster, L, 2011)	0.37
"The purpose of this study, in a sample of preschool children (ages 3-5 years; N = 47), was to evaluate the feasibility of scheduled analgesic dosing following outpatient tonsillectomy in order to optimize pain management."	( A descriptive feasibility study to evaluate scheduled oral analgesic dosing at home for the management of postoperative pain in preschool children following tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2012)	0.38
" Time-contingent dosing was associated with moderate to severe side effects and should be addressed in discharge teaching with parents."	( A descriptive feasibility study to evaluate scheduled oral analgesic dosing at home for the management of postoperative pain in preschool children following tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2012)	0.38
"Adult patients with pain from osteoarthritis receiving a stable dosage of HCD/APAP (i."	( A randomized, 14-day, double-blind study evaluating conversion from hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin) to buprenorphine transdermal system 10 μg/h or 20 μg/h in patients with osteoarthritis pain. Landau, CJ; McCarberg, BH; Munera, C; Ripa, SR; Wen, W, 2012)	0.38
" A critical element to this approach involved providing sufficient immediate-release opioid to treat breakthrough pain and to reverse acute abstinence signs and symptoms if the dosing changes prove insufficient."	( Overdose deaths demand a new paradigm for opioid rotation. Fine, PG; Webster, LR, 2012)	0.38
" Samples collected from rats and dogs dosed orally with hydrocodone were analyzed with reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with LTQ-Orbitrap."	( Update on hydrocodone metabolites in rats and dogs aided with a semi-automatic software for metabolite identification Mass-MetaSite. Chovan, JP; Li, AC; Yu, E; Zamora, I, 2013)	0.39
" Nicotine has analgesic properties and it is hypothesized that cigarette smoking might decrease the dosage of hydrocodone needed for the relief of chronic pain."	( The effect of cigarette smoking on hydrocodone efficacy in chronic pain patients. Ackerman, WE, 2012)	0.38
" The questions asked were related to whether a narcotic was routinely prescribed for patients who have had impacted teeth removed, the most common drug used, and the dosage and number of tablets prescribed."	( Narcotic prescribing habits and other methods of pain control by oral and maxillofacial surgeons after impacted third molar removal. Abubaker, AO; Laskin, DM; Mutlu, I, 2013)	0.39
"Most oral and maxillofacial surgeons prescribe analgesic drugs of an appropriate type and dosage and use proper adjunctive pain control measures to supplement these drugs."	( Narcotic prescribing habits and other methods of pain control by oral and maxillofacial surgeons after impacted third molar removal. Abubaker, AO; Laskin, DM; Mutlu, I, 2013)	0.39
" Following intrathecal administration, norhydrocodone produced a shallow analgesia dose-response curve and maximal effect of 15-45%, whereas hydrocodone and hydromorphone produced dose-dependent analgesia."	( In vivo activity of norhydrocodone: an active metabolite of hydrocodone. Navani, DM; Yoburn, BC, 2013)	0.39
" However, body weight-based hydrocodone and acetaminophen dosing regimens provided close approximation of adult exposures in pediatric patients with approximately 22% to 24% lower hydrocodone and acetaminophen dose/BW-normalized AUC in pediatric patients compared to adults."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination product in children ages 6-17 with moderate to moderately severe postoperative pain. Awni, W; Dutta, S; Kearns, G; Liu, W; Neville, KA, 2015)	0.42
" Dosing periods were separated by a minimum 5-day washout."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.42
" (2) To develop an HC phenotype-specific dosing strategy for HC that accounts for HM production using clinical pharmacokinetics integrated with pharmacogenetics for patient safety."	( Individualized Hydrocodone Therapy Based on Phenotype, Pharmacogenetics, and Pharmacokinetic Dosing. Boston, RC; Daly, AL; Fudin, J; Linares, OA, 2015)	0.42
" IR/ER HB/APAP tablets deliver 25% of the HB dose and 50% of the APAP dose by IR and the remainder by ER over a 12-hour dosing interval."	( Tolerability of Biphasic-Release Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen Tablets (MNK-155): A Phase III, Multicenter, Open-Label Study in Patients With Osteoarthritis or Chronic Low Back Pain. Barrett, T; Chen, Y; Giuliani, MJ; Hisaw, E; Kostenbader, K; Young, JL; Zheng, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Zohydro ER is dosed twice daily and costs more."	( Extended-release hydrocodone (Hysingla ER) for pain. , 2015)	0.42
"To evaluate the durability of pain relief provided by a new formulation of single-entity, hydrocodone extended-release (ER) (Zohydro(®) ER) throughout the 12-hour dosing interval by examining patterns of rescue medication use."	( An Analysis of Rescue Medication Utilization from a 3-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain Treated with Single-Entity, Twice-Daily, Extended-Release Hydrocodone. deLeon-Casasola, OA; Galer, BS; Gammaitoni, A; Gould, E; Nalamachu, S; Robinson, CY, 2015)	0.42
"7% of the dosing days, respectively."	( An Analysis of Rescue Medication Utilization from a 3-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain Treated with Single-Entity, Twice-Daily, Extended-Release Hydrocodone. deLeon-Casasola, OA; Galer, BS; Gammaitoni, A; Gould, E; Nalamachu, S; Robinson, CY, 2015)	0.42
"In this study, the coadministration of single-dose HYD with paroxetine at steady state did not alter systemic exposure to hydrocodone, suggesting that HYD can be coadministered with CYP2D6 inhibitors at therapeutic doses, without dosage modification."	( Effects of paroxetine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetic properties of hydrocodone after coadministration with a single-entity, once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone tablet. Cipriano, A; Friedman, K; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Michels, G; Mondal, SA; Shet, M, 2015)	0.42
" Venous blood samples were taken periodically up to 24 hours postdosing after the single dose (study 1) or after 7 days of dosing (study 2) and were assayed for concentrations of hydrocodone and its major metabolites."	( A pharmacokinetic evaluation of single and multiple doses of extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate in subjects experiencing surgical or osteoarthritic pain. Farr, SJ; Robinson, CY; Rubino, CM, )	0.13
" All doses of hydrocodone-ER formulations provided prolonged and sustained release of hydrocodone throughout the 12-hour dosing interval with reduced peak-to-trough fluctuation at steady state compared with hydrocodone/acetaminophen-IR comparator."	( A pharmacokinetic evaluation of single and multiple doses of extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate in subjects experiencing surgical or osteoarthritic pain. Farr, SJ; Robinson, CY; Rubino, CM, )	0.13
"The sustained plasma concentrations of hydrocodone support twice-daily dosing with a 12-hour dosing interval."	( A pharmacokinetic evaluation of single and multiple doses of extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate in subjects experiencing surgical or osteoarthritic pain. Farr, SJ; Robinson, CY; Rubino, CM, )	0.13
" In the long-term study, pain control was consistent over the 24-hour dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetic Profile and Sustained 24-hour Analgesia of a Once-daily Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-release Tablet with Abuse-deterrent Properties. Cipriano, A; Colucci, SV; Harris, SC; He, E; Kapil, RP; Wen, W; Yu Lynch, S, 2016)	0.43
" Notably, analgesia provided by HYD is sustained during the 24-hour dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetic Profile and Sustained 24-hour Analgesia of a Once-daily Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-release Tablet with Abuse-deterrent Properties. Cipriano, A; Colucci, SV; Harris, SC; He, E; Kapil, RP; Wen, W; Yu Lynch, S, 2016)	0.43
" These patients required higher dosing and prolonged infusions of naloxone."	( Fatal Fentanyl: One Pill Can Kill. Adams, AJ; Albertson, TE; Black, HB; Chenoweth, JA; Colby, DK; Davis, MT; Ford, JB; Gerona, RR; Owen, KP; Roche, BM; Sutter, ME, 2017)	0.46
" Mean "pain right now" scores were similar at dosing and 12 hours later."	( Hysingla® ER, a once-daily, single-entity hydrocodone with abuse-deterrent properties in treating chronic nonmalignant and nonneuropathic pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Baldridge, S; He, E; Ripa, SR; Taber, L, 2017)	0.46
"Burn victim patients are frequently prescribed opioids at doses that are significantly higher than standard analgesic dosing guidelines, and, even despite an escalation in opioid dosing, many continue to experience pain."	( Burn injury decreases the antinociceptive effects of opioids. Bates, MLS; Eitan, S; Emery, MA; Wellman, PJ, 2017)	0.46
" Blood samples were taken, and Drug Liking scores (assessed on a bipolar visual analog scale) were obtained throughout each dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetics and Abuse Potential of Benzhydrocodone, a Novel Prodrug of Hydrocodone, After Intranasal Administration in Recreational Drug Users. Barrett, AC; Dickerson, D; Guenther, SM; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Webster, LR; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48
" Further research to assess adverse events and other dosing may be warranted."	( Effect of a Single Dose of Oral Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesics on Acute Extremity Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Baer, J; Barnaby, DP; Bijur, PE; Chang, AK; Esses, D, 2017)	0.46
" Discharge prescription in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs, a standardized dosing unit that allows for comparison across opioid types) was calculated."	( Prescription Opioid Type and the Likelihood of Prolonged Opioid Use After Orthopaedic Surgery. Basilico, M; Bhashyam, AR; Harris, MB; Heng, M, 2019)	0.51
"Once a baseline incidence is known, predictors for serious ORADEs in surgical inpatients are useful in guiding medical-surgical nurses' opioid safety practices, with more frequent focused respiratory assessments before opioid dosing and closer monitoring when opioids are prescribed postoperatively, especially in higher-risk surgical inpatients."	( Incidence of and predictors for serious opioid-related adverse drug events. Atem, FD; Denke, L; Khazzam, M, 2022)	0.72
" ITS analyses showed that immediately postrescheduling, quarterly hydrocodone dispensing decreased by 177M dosage units while codeine, oxycodone, and morphine dispensing increased by 49M, 62M, and 4M dosage units, respectively."	( The impact of hydrocodone rescheduling on utilization, abuse, misuse, and overdose deaths. Ajao, A; Chai, GP; Ding, Y; Gill, R; Karami, S; Major, JM; McAninch, J; Meyer, T; Secora, A; Wong, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, Y, 2023)	0.91

Role	Description
mu-opioid receptor agonist	A compound that exhibits agonist activity at the mu-opioid receptor.
opioid analgesic	A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.
antitussive	An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
organic heteropentacyclic compound
morphinane-like compound	Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Hydrocodone Action Pathway	31	11

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	112.2020	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	12.8178	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.9125	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	536.9600	0.2100	5.5537	10.0000	AID1526751
Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0095	0.0000	0.4197	10.0000	AID670110
Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2600	0.0000	0.3624	10.0000	AID670111
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	15.0000	0.1400	3.7381	8.9000	AID1802708; AID1802709
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic process	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin uptake	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptake	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule development	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
purine-containing compound transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-carnitine transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
acyl carnitine transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxification	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanol	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transport	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to morphine	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to stress	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of NMDA receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine secretion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
maternal behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
estrous cycle	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of saliva secretion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of temperature stimulus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to acrylamide	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of eating behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
conditioned place preference	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
sleep	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesis	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell degranulation	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell activation	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
toxin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-endorphin receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
morphine receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta-subunit binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor serine/threonine kinase binding	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dynorphin receptor activity	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell secretagogue receptor activity	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulum	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubule	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID128214	Narcotic agonistic activity in acetic acid mouse writhing assay after subcutaneous administration of the drug	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 24, Issue:12	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 8. 7 alpha-Alkyl-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-ones.
AID178144	Analgesic agonist activity in heat stimulus rat tail-flick assay on subcutaneous administration	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 5. 7,7-Dimethyldihydrocodeinones and 7,7-dimethyldihydromorphinones.
AID670114	Displacement of [3H]-naltrindole from human delta opioid receptor expressed in CHO cells at 10 uM after 3 hrs by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors.
AID670111	Displacement of [3H]-U69,593 from human kappa opioid receptor expressed in CHO cells after 60 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors.
AID128307	Agonistic activity by mouse acetic acid writhing test.	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 25, Issue:8	Novel opiates and antagonists. 4. 7-Alkanoylhydromorphones.
AID678722	Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID178138	Compound was tested for analgesic activity by tail-flick assay in rat after subcutaneous administration	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 6. 7 beta, 8 beta-Methano- and 7 beta, 8 beta-epoxydihydrocodeinone.
AID128023	Compound was tested for analgesia in mouse writhing assay by subcutaneous administration	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 23, Issue:12	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 4. 7-Methyl-N-(cycloalkylmethyl)-3-hydroxymorphinan-6-ones and -isomorphinan-6-ones.
AID1526751	Inhibition of human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in ASP+ substrate uptake by microplate reader based analysis	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-14, Volume: 62, Issue:21	Opioids as Substrates and Inhibitors of the Genetically Highly Variable Organic Cation Transporter OCT1.
AID1526733	Substrate activity at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in compound uptake at 0.5 uM incubated for 2 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis relative to control empty vector transfected cells	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-14, Volume: 62, Issue:21	Opioids as Substrates and Inhibitors of the Genetically Highly Variable Organic Cation Transporter OCT1.
AID1526732	Substrate activity at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in compound uptake at 0.1 uM incubated for 2 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis relative to control empty vector transfected cells	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-14, Volume: 62, Issue:21	Opioids as Substrates and Inhibitors of the Genetically Highly Variable Organic Cation Transporter OCT1.
AID678716	Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID678712	Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1526731	Substrate activity at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in compound uptake at 0.05 uM incubated for 2 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis relative to control empty vector transfected cells	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-14, Volume: 62, Issue:21	Opioids as Substrates and Inhibitors of the Genetically Highly Variable Organic Cation Transporter OCT1.
AID678714	Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID131018	Analgesic agonist activity in acetic acid induced mouse writhing assay, subcutaneous administration	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 5. 7,7-Dimethyldihydrocodeinones and 7,7-dimethyldihydromorphinones.
AID678715	Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID298031	Lipophilicity, log D at pH7.4	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	High-throughput screening of drug-brain tissue binding and in silico prediction for assessment of central nervous system drug delivery.
AID127831	Narcotic agonist activity using acetic acid induced writhing in the mouse upon subcutaneous administration	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 26, Issue:7	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 15. Potent narcotic agonist 7 beta-(arylalkyl)-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinans.
AID298032	Acid dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	High-throughput screening of drug-brain tissue binding and in silico prediction for assessment of central nervous system drug delivery.
AID178161	Antagonist activity in rat tail flick assay by subcutaneous administration	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 23, Issue:12	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 4. 7-Methyl-N-(cycloalkylmethyl)-3-hydroxymorphinan-6-ones and -isomorphinan-6-ones.
AID128027	Compound was tested for analgesic activity by writhing assay in mouse after subcutaneous administration	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 6. 7 beta, 8 beta-Methano- and 7 beta, 8 beta-epoxydihydrocodeinone.
AID678717	Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID678713	Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID670116	Selectivity index, ratio of inhibition of human kappa opioid receptor to inhibition of human mu opioid receptor	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors.
AID132133	The effective dose was measured by using mouse writhing assay after the compound administered subcutaneously.	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 2. 8-Alkymorphinan-6-ones.
AID180157	Effective dose was measured by using rat tail flick assay after subcutaneous administration	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 2. 8-Alkymorphinan-6-ones.
AID178325	Compound was tested for antinociceptive activity in heat stimulus rat tail flick assay after subcutaneous administration of the drug	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 24, Issue:12	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 8. 7 alpha-Alkyl-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-ones.
AID177776	Analgesic activity measured by rat tail flick assay following s.c. administration.	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 1. 8 beta-Alkyl-, 8 beta-acyl-, and 8 beta-(tertiary alcohol)dihydrocodeinones and -dihydromorphinones.
AID128495	Analgesic activity was measured by acetic acid writhing test in mouse by giving subcutaneous injection	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2	Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 1. 8 beta-Alkyl-, 8 beta-acyl-, and 8 beta-(tertiary alcohol)dihydrocodeinones and -dihydromorphinones.
AID670110	Displacement of [3H]-DAMGO from human mu opioid receptor expressed in CHO cells after 60 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors.
AID678721	Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as GSH adduct formation at 100 uM after 90 mins by HPLC-MS analysis	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1526752	Passive membrane permeability by LC-MS/MS analysis based PAMPA	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-14, Volume: 62, Issue:21	Opioids as Substrates and Inhibitors of the Genetically Highly Variable Organic Cation Transporter OCT1.
AID670115	Selectivity index, ratio of inhibition of human delta opioid receptor to inhibition of human mu opioid receptor	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1346364	Human mu receptor (Opioid receptors)	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors.
AID1346329	Human kappa receptor (Opioid receptors)	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors.
AID1802708	Intracellular Calcium Mobilization Assay from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2334: \\In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.\\	2017	Nature chemical biology, 05, Volume: 13, Issue:5	In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.
AID1802709	PRESTO-Tango Assay from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2334: \\In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.\\	2017	Nature chemical biology, 05, Volume: 13, Issue:5	In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	50 (7.91)	18.7374
1990's	39 (6.17)	18.2507
2000's	133 (21.04)	29.6817
2010's	319 (50.47)	24.3611
2020's	91 (14.40)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	149 (20.58%)	5.53%
Reviews	30 (4.14%)	6.00%
Case Studies	67 (9.25%)	4.05%
Observational	13 (1.80%)	0.25%
Other	465 (64.23%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (107)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Quantifying Narcotic Use in Outpatient Otolaryngology Procedures [NCT03404518]	Phase 3	185 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-21	Completed
An Open-Label, Single-Dose Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of the Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablet (45 mg) in Subjects With Normal Renal Function and Subjects With Varying Degrees of Renal Impairment [NCT01319266]	Phase 1	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Compare the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Naproxen Sodium Tablets and Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Tablets in Postsurgical Dental Pain [NCT04307940]	Phase 4	221 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-12	Completed
Traditional vs. Nonopioid Analgesia After Rotator Cuff Repair [NCT03818919]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-22	Recruiting
SAFER-SIM: Opiates and Benzodiazepines on Driving [NCT03447353]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-14	Completed
Multimodal Anesthesia and Analgesia for Total Shoulder and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03586934]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Difficult to enroll patients for the study)
Ultrasound-guided (US) Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) for Acute Rib Fractures in the Emergency Department (ED) [NCT03619785]	Phase 4	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-06	Recruiting
Analgesic Response to Opioid Analgesics in Buprenorphine-Maintained Individuals [NCT02136784]		12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Recruiting
An Open-Label, Single-Dose, Parallel-Group Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of the Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablet (15 mg) in Subjects With Normal Hepatic Function and Subjects With Moderate Hepatic Impairment [NCT01319279]	Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Part Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of ETR028 Acetate and ETR029 Acetate in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT05572190]	Phase 1	78 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-27	Recruiting
Post-operative Pain Management in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Prospective Study [NCT04905563]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-07	Recruiting
Traditional vs. Nonopioid Analgesia After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction [NCT03818932]	Phase 2/Phase 3	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-22	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Opioid vs Non-Opioid Postoperative Pain Management in Children With Supracondylar Humerus Fractures [NCT05640674]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-12	Enrolling by invitation
Pain Management With NSAIDS in Acute Ankle Fractures Type Supination, External Rotation (SER) II: A Prospective Randomized, Single Blinded Controlled Study [NCT02373254]	Early Phase 1	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Are Narcotic Pain Medications Necessary Following Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy [NCT03640247]	Phase 1	126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-15	Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter Study Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Extended Release to Placebo in Subjects With Acute Pain Following Bunionectomy [NCT01333722]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
Assessing Perceived Quality of Care With Differing Pain Management Protocols After Outpatient Otolaryngology Procedures [NCT04976387]	Phase 3	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-02	Completed
A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Combination Therapy of Ibuprofen + Acetaminophen Versus Hydrocodone + Acetaminophen for the Treatment of Pain After Carpal Tunnel Surgery [NCT01974609]	Phase 4	347 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Comparing the Efficacy of Five Oral Analgesics for Treatment of Acute Musculoskeletal Extremity Pain in the Emergency Department [NCT03173456]	Phase 2	600 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-28	Completed
A Single-Centre, Single Dose, Randomized,Open Label, Exploratory, 5-way Crossover Study Evaluating the Pharmakokinetic Profiles of Various Egalet® Hydrocodone Formulations In Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions. [NCT00802087]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
Comparing Narcotics With Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) Post-operatively in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy [NCT02296840]	Phase 4	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Terminated
A Relative Bioavailability Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of Different Amounts of Tablets of Two Immediate Release Fixed Dose Combinations of Hydrocodone Bitartrate 5 mg/Acetaminophen 325 mg (a New Abuse Deterrent Tablet and a Marketed Tablet) [NCT03137030]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to program discontinued)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active- and Placebo-Controlled, 4-Way Crossover Study to Evaluate the Relative Abuse Potential of Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen 6 × 10/325 mg Tablets Compared to NORCO® 6 × 10/325 mg Tablets and Placebo [NCT03567941]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-29	Completed
The Effects of Different Activation Protocols of Hycon Device and Vibration Stimulation on Orthodontic Canine Teeth Distalization [NCT03968263]		25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-08	Active, not recruiting
The Effect of NSAIDs After a Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02153177]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to The study was withdrawn prior to any participants being enrolled.)
Low-Dose Opiate Therapy for Discomfort in Dementia (L-DOT) [NCT00385684]	Phase 4	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
The Effect of Dexamethasone vs Vicodin in Reducing Post-operative Pain After Periodontal Surgery Among Patients at the Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine Pilot Study [NCT04008043]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-29	Withdrawn(stopped due to Inadequate resources to start the study at this site.)
Battlefield Acupuncture for Acute/Subacute Back Pain in the Emergency Department [NCT03996564]		26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-22	Completed
A Study Designed to Examine the Potential for a Drug-drug Interaction Between Guaifenesin and Hydrocodone Bitartrate in Normal Healthy Volunteers [NCT03642873]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-05	Completed
Traditional vs. Nonopioid Analgesia After Arthroscopic Meniscus Surgery [NCT03820193]	Early Phase 1	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-22	Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label Period Followed by a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of the Analgesic Efficacy of Extended-release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin CR) Compared to Placebo in Subjects With Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT00761150]	Phase 3	308 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
An Open-Label, Randomized, Two-Period, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of an Extended Release Test Capsule Formulation of Chlorpheniramine Polistirex and Hydrocodone Polistirex Compared to an Equivalent Dose of a Commercially Available Refe [NCT00853294]	Phase 1	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
Effect of Default Electronic Health Record Settings on Clinician Opioid Prescribing Patterns in Emergency Departments [NCT04155229]		104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-03	Completed
Auricular Acupuncture for the Acute Management of Pain in the Emergency Department [NCT02540512]	Early Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-27	Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants enrolled)
[NCT02618395]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-28	Completed
Randomized Control Trial of Oral Narcotic Medication for Pain and Anxiety Management During Laceration Repair in the Pediatric Emergency Department [NCT01053637]		85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label Period Followed by a Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study of the Analgesic Efficacy of Extended-release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin CR) Compared to Placebo in Subjects With Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT00763321]	Phase 3	287 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
Use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Minimizing Opioid Use for Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy [NCT03988075]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-24	Completed
A CTSC Clinical Research Center Study: A Comparison of the Addiction Liability of Hydrocodone and Sustained Release Morphine [NCT00314340]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
An Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Long Term Administration of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended ReleaseTablets (Vicodin® CR) in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic, Non-Malignant Pain [NCT00195728]	Phase 3	431 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
Local Anesthesia and Analgesics in Post-Operative Endodontic Pain [NCT01982799]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Withdrawn(stopped due to Not enough funding)
The Comparison of Supraperiosteal Nerve Block With Opiate Analgesia in Alleviating the Pain of Toothache [NCT00574015]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
A Long-Term Open-Label Safety Study of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Controlled-Release Capsules With Flexible Dosing to Treat Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic Pain [NCT01115569]	Phase 3	424 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
A Phase 2B, Open-label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Effectiveness of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablets (HYD) in Children, Aged 12 to 17 Years Inclusive, With Moderate to Severe Malignant and/or Nonmalignant [NCT02542098]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study has been updated with a new protocol number)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of CL-108 5 mg (Hydrocodone 5 mg/Acetaminophen 325 mg/Promethazine 12.5 mg) as a Treatment for Moderate-to-Severe Acute Pain and the Prevention of Opioid [NCT03657810]	Phase 3	349 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-02	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Active- and Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Dose, Multi-Center Phase 3 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of CL-108 in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Pain and Opioid-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (OINV) [NCT02462811]	Phase 3	552 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Controlled-Release Capsules in Opioid-experienced Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT01081912]	Phase 3	510 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter, Single-Blind Study Comparing Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release 10/650, Morphine Extended Release, and Acetaminophen to Placebo in Subjects With Acute Pain Following Bunionectomy [NCT01038609]	Phase 2	250 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
An Open-Label, Randomized, Two-Period, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of an Extended Release Test Capsule Formulation of Chlorpheniramine Polistirex and Hydrocodone Polistirex Compared to an Equivalent Dose of a Commercially Available Refe [NCT00853190]	Phase 1	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
A 12-Month, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablets (CEP-33237) at 15 to 90 mg Every 12 Hours in Patients Who Require Opioid Treatment for an Extended Period of Time [NCT01223365]	Phase 3	330 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablets (CEP-33237) at 15 to 90 mg Every 12 Hours for Relief of Moderate to Severe Pain in Patients With Osteoarth [NCT01240863]	Phase 3	391 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-dose Multi-Center Phase III Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Cl-108 in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Pain [NCT01780428]	Phase 3	460 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Evaluation of the Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Hydrocodone and Its Metabolites Following Administration of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release (HC-ER) 20 mg Capsules [NCT02244762]	Phase 1	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
Evaluation of the Effect of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Hydrocodone and Its Metabolites Following Administration of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release (HC-ER) 20mg Capsules [NCT02242734]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
Multimodal Narcotic Limited Perioperative Pain Control With Colorectal Surgery as Part of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol: A Randomized Prospective Single- Center Trial. [NCT02958566]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Recruiting
A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind Study Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Extended-Release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin CR®) to Placebo in Subjects With Acute Pain Following Bunionectomy [NCT00402792]	Phase 3	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Comparing the Analgesic Activity of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release and Placebo in Subjects With Pain Following Bunionectomy Surgery [NCT00404391]	Phase 2	210 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Multi-center, Double-blind Study Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Extended Release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen and Placebo in Subjects With Osteoarthritis [NCT00404183]	Phase 2	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter, Single-blind Study Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Extended Release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin® CR) and Immediate Release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (NORCO®) to Placebo in Subjects With Acute Pain Following [NCT00404222]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Satisfaction With Pain Relief After Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery [NCT01588158]	Phase 4	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to The PI of this study is leaving the institution and enrollment was progressing slowly so we decided to close the study.)
A Single-Centre, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Interaction Between Vicodin® CR and Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Moderate Alcohol Drinkers [NCT00429468]	Phase 1	25 participants	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo And Active Controlled, Study To Evaluate Two Strengths Of Concomitantly Dosed Naproxen Sodium With Acetaminophen, Compared With Naproxen Sodium and Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen In Postoperative Dental Pain [NCT03879408]	Phase 2	290 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-28	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Effect of Rofecoxib 50 mg and Hydrocodone 7.5 mg With Acetaminophen 750 mg in Patients With Postoperative Arthroscopic Pain [NCT00390260]	Phase 3	420 participants	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
Postoperative Pain Control in Septum and Sinus Surgery: A Novel Approach. [NCT04149964]	Phase 4	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-27	Completed
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen Versus Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen Versus Placebo in Subjects With Acute Musculoskeletal Pain [NCT00236535]	Phase 3	603 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-12-31	Completed
An Evaluation of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen for Pain Control in First Trimester Surgical Abortion [NCT01330459]	Phase 4	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind Study Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy of Extended Release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Tablets (Vicodin CR) to Placebo in Subjects With Osteoarthritis [NCT00298974]	Phase 3	873 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen Immediate-Release Tablets (TV-46763) at Doses of 5.0 mg/325 mg, 7.5 mg/325 mg, and 10 mg/325 m [NCT02487108]	Phase 3	569 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-11	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Period, Crossover Study to Assess the Bioequivalence of Two 30-mg and One 60-mg Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablet [NCT01758978]	Phase 1	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Period, Crossover Study to Assess the Bioequivalence of Two 45-mg and One 90-mg Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablet [NCT01769677]	Phase 1	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Evaluating the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Hydromorphone in Chronic Pain Patients Taking Hydrocodone/APAP [NCT01517295]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Completed
Are NSAIDs Effective Enough for Postoperative Pain Control After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Septoplasty [NCT03605914]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-01	Completed
Post-tonsillectomy Pain Control in Adults: a Randomized Prospective Study [NCT02358850]	Phase 4	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to low enrollment)
Comparing the Efficacy of Oral Opioids for Outpatient Acute Pain Management After ED Discharge [NCT01402375]	Phase 3	720 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Project 1 Aim 2, Adaptations of the Brain in Chronic Pain With Opioid Exposure [NCT05463367]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-01	Recruiting
Traditional vs. Nonopioid Analgesia After Labral Surgery [NCT03825809]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-22	Recruiting
Single-center, Open-Label, 3-Period Crossover, Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release (HC-ER) Capsules 50 mg When Co-Administered With Alcohol in Healthy Subjects Under Fasted Conditions [NCT02126917]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
A Pilot Study in Healthy Volunteers to Assess the Rate and Extent of Absorption of Hydrocodone From 20 mg Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release (HC-ER) Capsules, in Both Fed and Fasted States [NCT02117141]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-06-30	Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocodone/ Acetaminophen Extended-release Tablets and Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (NORCO) to Placebo in Subjects With Acute Pain Following Thi [NCT00935311]	Phase 2	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study to Assess the Abuse Potential of the Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablet in Healthy, Nondependent, Recreational Opioid Users [NCT01596673]	Phase 1	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Levorphanol as a Second Line Opioid in Cancer Patients Undergoing Opioid Rotation: An Open Label Study [NCT03579446]	Early Phase 1	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-29	Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label Period Followed By a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Extended Release Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin® CR) Compared to Placebo in Subjects With Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT00325949]	Phase 3	770 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
Post-Op Pain Control for Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing. [NCT03823534]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-20	Recruiting
An Open-label, Multicenter Study to Assess the Long -Term Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate (HYD) Tablets 20 to 120 mg Once-daily in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic Nonmalignant and Nonneuropathic Pain [NCT01400139]	Phase 3	922 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Completed
Real-time Decision Support for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Prophylaxis [NCT02625181]		27,034 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine in Implant Based Breast Reconstruction [NCT02659501]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Terminated
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study With an Open-label Run-in to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate (HYD) Tablets 20 to 120 mg Once-daily in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT01452529]	Phase 3	905 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Completed
Bandage Contact Lenses to Decrease Pain and Improve Healing in Emergency Department Subjects Presenting With Corneal Abrasions [NCT03206723]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Recruiting
Effect of Gabapentin on Postoperative Opioid Analgesic Use and Pain in Adolescents Undergoing Tonsillectomy [NCT05024825]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-04	Terminated(stopped due to recruitment target not met.)
A Relative Bioavailability Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of Two Immediate Release Fixed Dose Combinations of Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen (a New Abuse Deterrent Tablet and a Marketed Tablet) Administered Under Fasted and Fed Condit [NCT03137017]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to program discontinued)
Comparative Efficacy of 4 Oral Analgesics for the Initial Management of Acute Musculoskeletal Extremity Pain [NCT02455518]	Phase 4	416 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
A Multiple-Dose, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Dose-Escalation Study of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended Release (HC-ER) in Patients With Chronic, Moderate to Severe Osteoarthritis Pain [NCT02222740]	Phase 2	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Active Comparator Study of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended Release (HC-ER) in Adults Following Bunionectomy Surgery [NCT02197156]	Phase 2	241 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-08-31	Completed
A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized-Withdrawal Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablets (CEP-33237) at 30 to 90 mg Every 12 Hours for Relief of Moderate to Severe Pain in [NCT01789970]	Phase 3	625 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Analysis of Hydrocodone Compared to Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen for Post-nail Procedure Analgesia [NCT05544734]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-11-10	Completed
A Prospective Evaluation of an Anesthesia Protocol to Reduce Post-operative and Post-discharge Nausea and Vomiting in a High Risk Orthognathic Surgery Population [NCT01592708]		233 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
A Phase 2, Randomized Withdrawal Study of the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release Compared to Placebo in Subjects With Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT01364922]	Phase 2	168 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
Post-operative Analgesia in Elective, Soft-tissue Hand Surgery: A Randomized, Double Blind Comparison of Acetaminophen/Ibuprofen Versus Acetaminophen/Hydrocodone [NCT02029235]	Phase 4	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-10	Terminated(stopped due to Early termination due to slower than anticipated recruitment.)
Multimodal Analgesia Effect on Post Surgical Patient [NCT04240626]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-20	Recruiting
A Randomized Phase III Trial of Gabapentin Versus Standard of Care for Prevention and Treatment of Mucositis in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Primary or Adjuvant Chemoradiation [NCT02480114]	Phase 3	79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
A Study Comparing Recurrent Use of Morphine Sulfate Immediate Release, Oxycodone/Acetaminophen (Percocet), and Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin) at Discharge From the ED in Opioid-naïve Adult Patients With Moderate to Severe Pain. [NCT03529331]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to The ED physicians no longer prescribe opioids at discharge; not feasible to conduct the study)
Pain Management in Head and Neck Surgery Patients [NCT03121963]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-10	Withdrawn(stopped due to This protocol was difficult to enroll into, and changes to personnel have made it difficult to main this study. Data collection was not completed and therefore, no data analysis was performed. The PI has made the decision to close this study.)
Hepatic Cytochrome Drug Interactions in Emergency Department Patients [NCT01859715]		502 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Narcotic Versus Non-narcotic Medication for Pain Management After Wrist/Hand Fractures: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03375593]	Phase 4	250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-01	Recruiting
Opioid-Free Pain Control Regiment Following Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04939987]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-08-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI left institution and study was not transferred to new PI)
A 6-Month, Open-Label, Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-Release Tablets (CEP-33237) at 15 to 90 mg Every 12 Hours for Relief of Moderate to Severe Pain in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain Who Require Opioid Trea [NCT01922739]	Phase 3	182 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Pediatric Orthopedic Patients: Are There Any Post Recovery Benefits? [NCT02236130]		49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Poor response rate on follow up of patients)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00314340 (1) [back to overview]	3 Scores on the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI)
NCT00385684 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)
NCT00385684 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)
NCT00761150 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) Intensity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT00761150 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Pain Sleep Inventory (CPSI)
NCT00763321 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) Intensity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT00763321 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Pain Sleep Inventory (CPSI)
NCT00935311 (4) [back to overview]	TOTPAR (Total Pain Relief)
NCT00935311 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Rescue Medication
NCT00935311 (4) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Using the Pain Intensity Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT00935311 (4) [back to overview]	Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01038609 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Perceptible and Meaningful Pain Relief
NCT01038609 (7) [back to overview]	TOTPAR (Total Pain Relief)
NCT01038609 (7) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Using the Pain Intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT01038609 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Chemistry Values Meeting Potentially Clinically Significant Criteria
NCT01038609 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Vital Signs Values Meeting Potentially Clinically Significant Criteria
NCT01038609 (7) [back to overview]	Participant's Global Assessment of Study Drug
NCT01038609 (7) [back to overview]	Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01053637 (3) [back to overview]	Statistical Difference in Pain Scores in Children During Laceration Repair Between Study and Placebo Group
NCT01053637 (3) [back to overview]	Statistical Difference in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) Scores for Children Aged 8-17 Years During Laceration Repair and VAS Pain Scale
NCT01053637 (3) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Score for Children > 7 Years.
NCT01081912 (1) [back to overview]	Mean Change in 24-hour Pain Intensity Ratings Scale (NRS).
NCT01115569 (1) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Average Daily Pain
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Addiction Behavior Checklist (ABC) Total Scores During Both the Open-Label Titration and Open-Label Treatment Periods by Participant Status
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) Scores During Both the Open-Label Titration and Open-Label Treatment Periods by Participant Status
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Participant Global Assessment (PGA) of the Method of Pain Control by Participant Status
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Participants by Risk Category for Aberrant Drug Misuse Based on the Total Score in the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients With Pain - Revised (SOAPP-R)
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Adverse Experiences
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results by Patient Status
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Abnormal Laboratory Values During the Open-Label Treatment Period by Participant Status
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Shifts in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings From Baseline to Overall Study by Participant Status
NCT01223365 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values by Participant Status
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Endpoint
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Week 12
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Week 4
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Week 8
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Withdrawn From the Study During the Double-Blind Treatment Period By Reason
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical and Mental Component Summary Scores at Baseline, Week 12 and Endpoint
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scales (SOWS) Scores During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Weekly Average Pain Intensity (wAPI) Scores During the Double-blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Weekly Average Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Double-blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Weekly Average Pain Intensity (wAPI)
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Kaplan-Meier Estimates for Time to Discontinuation From the Study
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Addiction Behavior Checklist (ABC) Total Scores During Both the Open-Label Titration and Double-Blind Treatment Periods
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI-SF) Pain Interference Mean Score During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Double-Blind Treatment Phase in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scales (COWS) Scores During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF) at Endpoint
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF) at Week 12
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF) at Week 4
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF) at Week 8
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Clinician Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) of Illness Scores During the Double-blind Treatment Period
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Current Opioid Misuse Measures (COMM) Total Scores During Both the Open-Label Titration and Double-Blind Treatment Periods
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Participants With a Weekly Average Pain Intensity (wAPI) Increase From Baseline Exceeding 33%
NCT01240863 (26) [back to overview]	Participants With a Weekly Average Pain Intensity (wAPI) Increase From Baseline Exceeding 50%
NCT01330459 (5) [back to overview]	Need for Additional Intraoperative and/or Postoperative Pain Medication
NCT01330459 (5) [back to overview]	Patient Perception of Pain
NCT01330459 (5) [back to overview]	Satisfaction With Pain Control
NCT01330459 (5) [back to overview]	Patient Perception of Pain During Cervical Dilation
NCT01330459 (5) [back to overview]	Postoperative Nausea
NCT01333722 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Perceptible and Meaningful Pain Relief
NCT01333722 (4) [back to overview]	SPRID (Pain Relief and Pain Intensity Difference)
NCT01333722 (4) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Using the Pain Intensity Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT01333722 (4) [back to overview]	TOTPAR (Total Pain Relief)
NCT01364922 (3) [back to overview]	Participant's Global Assessment of Study Drug at Final Evaluation
NCT01364922 (3) [back to overview]	Participant's Global Assessment of Back Pain Status at Final Evaluation
NCT01364922 (3) [back to overview]	Change From Double-blind Baseline in Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) Intensity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ) - Part I
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36)
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale - Revised (MOS Sleep-R)
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF)
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	"Pain Right Now Score"
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	"Daily Average Pain Over the Last 24 Hours"
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ) - Part II
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	The Number of Participants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety
NCT01400139 (9) [back to overview]	Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
NCT01402375 (4) [back to overview]	Overall Satisfaction With the Pain Medicine
NCT01402375 (4) [back to overview]	Difference in Pain Intensity Score Before and After Last Dose.
NCT01402375 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Follow up
NCT01402375 (4) [back to overview]	50% or Greater Decrease in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Score
NCT01452529 (5) [back to overview]	Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
NCT01452529 (5) [back to overview]	Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale - Revised (MOS Sleep-R) - Sleep Disturbance Subscale
NCT01452529 (5) [back to overview]	"Mean Pain Intensity for Average Pain Over the Last 24 Hours Score"
NCT01452529 (5) [back to overview]	Responder Analysis for Subjects With a ≥ 50% Reduction in Pain Compared to Baseline
NCT01452529 (5) [back to overview]	Responder Analysis for Subjects With a ≥ 30% Reduction in Pain Compared to Baseline
NCT01517295 (2) [back to overview]	Peak Plasma Concentration of Hydromorphone
NCT01517295 (2) [back to overview]	Peak Urine Concentration of Hydromorphone
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	PHQ-9
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	QuickDASH
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Patients Expect After Surgery
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	Satisfaction With Pain Relief
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	Expectation of Pain Relief
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Scale
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Scale
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	PSEQ
NCT01588158 (9) [back to overview]	QuickDASH
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]	Post-operative Nausea
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]	Post-discharge Vomiting
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]	Post-discharge Nausea
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]	Post-operative Vomiting
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Kaplan-Meier Estimates for Time to Loss of Efficacy
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 12 of the Treatment Period in Weekly Average Pain Intensity (API)
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 12 of the Treatment Period in Weekly Average of Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI)
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Participants With Clinically Significant Hearing Changes From Baseline to Final Assessment in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Final On-Treatment Visit in Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) Score
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Sign Values During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With a 30% or Greater Increase in Weekly Average Pain Intensity (API) From Baseline to Week 12 Visit, and an Average API Score of 5 or Higher at Week 12
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scales (SOWS) Total Scores During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Participants With Adverse Events During Open-Label Titration and Double-Blind Treatment Periods
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scales (COWS) Total Scores During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01789970 (12) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Electrocardiogram Findings During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT01859715 (2) [back to overview]	Adverse Drug Events
NCT01859715 (2) [back to overview]	Difference in Clinically Significant Visual Analogue Scale for Pain and Nausea Change Between CYP2D6 Users and Non-users
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline to the Final Visit in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Withdrawn From the Study For Lack of Efficacy
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Participants With Shifts From Normal to Abnormal in Physical Examination Findings
NCT01922739 (9) [back to overview]	Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT02029235 (2) [back to overview]	Efficacy Comparison of Pain Intensity Level
NCT02029235 (2) [back to overview]	Efficacy Comparison of Pain Relief
NCT02236130 (2) [back to overview]	Total Hydrocodone Dose (mg/kg)
NCT02236130 (2) [back to overview]	Patient/Family Satisfaction With Pain Management
NCT02296840 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Post-operative Bleeding
NCT02296840 (2) [back to overview]	Faces Pain Score
NCT02455518 (2) [back to overview]	Between Group Difference in Change in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT02455518 (2) [back to overview]	Between Group Difference in Change in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT02480114 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Pain Associated With Radiation-induced Mucositis, (Pain Subscale of the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey (VHNSS))
NCT02480114 (3) [back to overview]	Frequency and Severity of General Systemic Symptoms (Surveys Such as the Neurotoxicity Scale, Profile of Mood States, and Quality of Life Form)
NCT02480114 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Events, (Graded Using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Criteria 4.0)
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a 30% Reduction in Pain Intensity Measured Using NPRS-11 Scores
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a 50% Reduction in Pain Intensity Measured Using NPRS-11 Scores
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Difference (PID) Scores
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Total Rescue Medication Use (Number of Tablets Used)
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	SPID Scores Over the Intervals During the First 36 Hours Following the First Dose of Study Drug
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Score Calculated Over the First 48 Hours (SPID48) After the First Dose of Study Drug on an 11-Point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS-11)
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Onset of Meaningful Pain Relief (MPR)
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Onset of Perceptible Pain Relief (PPR)
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Peak PID
NCT02487108 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Taking Rescue Medication
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	Adherence to PONV Guidelines
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Average Postoperative Pain Levels on Postoperative Day 1.
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Diazepam Consumption
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Opioid Consumption
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Antiemetic Consumption
NCT03173456 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Pain From Before Medication Administered (Baseline) to Two Hour Post-baseline
NCT03173456 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Who Experience Side Effects Within One Hour of Ingestion of Study Medication
NCT03173456 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Pain From Before Medication Administered (Baseline) to One-hour Post-baseline
NCT03173456 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Who Would Choose to Take the Study Medication Again if They Returned to the ED With Similar Pain
NCT03173456 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Who Received Rescue Medication
NCT03173456 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Who Experience Side Effects in Two Hours After Ingestion of Study Medication
NCT03404518 (3) [back to overview]	Patient Pain Level
NCT03404518 (3) [back to overview]	Narcotic Usage
NCT03404518 (3) [back to overview]	Ibuprofen Usage
NCT03447353 (2) [back to overview]	SDLP
NCT03447353 (2) [back to overview]	Lane Departures
NCT03605914 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Score as Assessed by a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT03605914 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Score as Assessed by a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT03605914 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Bleeding Complications
NCT03605914 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Score as Assessed by a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT03605914 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Score as Assessed by a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT03642873 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Adverse Events(AEs) Experienced by Participants
NCT03642873 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) of Guaifenesin
NCT03642873 (7) [back to overview]	Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Guaifenesin
NCT03642873 (7) [back to overview]	Area Under Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity (AUC(0-inf)) of Guaifenesin
NCT03642873 (7) [back to overview]	Area Under Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to the Last Measurable Concentration (AUC(0-t)) of Guaifenesin
NCT03642873 (7) [back to overview]	Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-life (T1/2) of Guaifenesin
NCT03642873 (7) [back to overview]	Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (Kel) of Guaifenesin
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With OINV Over 48 Hours
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Doses of Study Medication Taken Over Days 3to7
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients With Any Nausea or Vomiting Over 48 Hours
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Doses of Study Medication Taken Per Day Over Days 3to7
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	The Sum of Pain Intensity Differences (on PI-NRS) Over 48 Hours (SPID48)
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients With Any Nausea Over 48 Hours
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients With Complete Absence of OINV (no Nausea, no Vomiting, and no Use of Anti-emetic Medication) Over 48 Hours
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients With Any Vomiting Over 48 Hours
NCT03657810 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients With Any Post-discharge Nausea and Vomiting (PDNV)
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Participant's Global Evaluation of Study Medication OR Overall Impression of Study Medication According to Participant's Global Evaluation
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Time-weighted Sum of Pain Intensity Difference Score From Baseline (0 Hour) to 12 Hours (SPID 0-12)
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Time-Weighted Sum of Pain Intensity Difference Score From Baseline (0 Hour) to 6 Hours (SPID 0-6)
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Time-Weighted Sum of Pain Intensity Difference Score From Baseline (0 Hour) to 8 Hours (SPID 0-8)
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Time-Weighted Sum of Total Pain Relief Score From Baseline (0 Hour) to 6 Hours (TOTPAR 0-6)
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Time-Weighted Sum of Total Pain Relief Score From Baseline (0 Hour) to 8 Hours (TOTPAR 0-8)
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Difference (PID) Scores at Individual Time Points
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Time-Weighted Sum of Total Pain Relief Score From Baseline (0 Hour) to 12 Hours (TOTPAR 0-12)
NCT03879408 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Relief (PAR) Scores at Individual Timepoints
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Highest Subjective Pain Score
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Participant Use of Scheduled Acetaminophen Around the Clock
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Doses of Opiate (Narcotic) Pain Medication
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Participant Use of Acetaminophen as Needed
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Percentage of Time Participant Experienced Severe Pain
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Participant Use of Additional Pain Medication
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Lowest Subjective Pain Score
NCT04149964 (8) [back to overview]	Chronic Use of Pain Medication
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity Difference Over 6 Hours (SPID 0-6)
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Time to First Use of Rescue Medication
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Amount of Rescue Medication
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Total Pain Relief Over 12 Hours (TOTPAR 0-12)
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Total Pain Relief Over 6 Hours (TOTPAR 0-6)
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Required or Did Not Reqiure Rescue Pain Medication
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Duration of Pain at Least Half Gone Over 12 Hours
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Duration of Pain at Least Half Gone Over 6 Hours
NCT04307940 (9) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity Difference Over 12 Hours (SPID 0-12)
NCT05544734 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Health-related Quality of Life Scores on Postoperative Days 3 and 6, as Measured by an Adapted APS-POQ-R Questionnaire
NCT05544734 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pain Scores on Postoperative Day 2, as Measured by the Wong-Baker 0-to-10 Pain Scale

3 Scores on the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI)

The subjective effects of the study drug were evaluated with 3 subscales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI). The subscales studied included Morphine-Benzedrine Group which measured euphoria (0-16 with higher numbers indicating more euphoria), the Phenobarbital-Chorpromazine-Alcohol Group which measured sedation (-3 to +11 with higher scores indicating more sedation), and the Lysergic Acid Diethylmide Group which measured dysphoria and agitation (-4 to +10 with higher scores indicating more dysphoria). This inventory consists of 49 true/ false questions which survey major domains of drug effects. The ARCI was measured at six timepoints. Of interest were trough sedation, peak euphoria, and trough dysphoria. (NCT00314340)
Timeframe: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, or 300 minutes

Intervention	scores on a scale (Mean)
	trough sedation	peak euphoria	trough agitation
ER Morphine Tablets, 45mg	7.6	3.3	4.7
Hydrocodone 30 mg Plus N-acetyl-para-aminophenol 975 mg	5.4	4.6	4.2
Placebo	5.2	3.5	3.6

Intervention	scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Trouble Falling Asleep	Needed Sleeping Medication	Awakened by Pain During the Night	Awakened by Pain in the Morning	Quality of Sleep
Double-blind ABT-712	-4.8	-1.6	-0.5	0.3	0.1
Double-blind Placebo	13.1	8.4	15.1	13.0	-13.9

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Any AE	"Any AE at least possibly drug related"	"Any AE at least probably not drug related"	"Any severe AE"	Any SAE	Any AE leading to discontinuation of study drug	Any AE leading to death	Death
ABT-712	14	5	9	1	0	0	0	0
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen	12	8	4	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo	14	4	10	2	0	0	0	0

Intervention	minutes (Median)
	Time to Onset of Perceptible Pain Relief	Time to Onset of Meaningful Pain Relief
Acetaminophen	25.5	62.5
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release	22.5	60.5
Morphine Extended Release	32.0	142.0
Morphine Extended Release / Acetaminophen	31.0	101.0
Placebo	23.0	220.0

Intervention	scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Acetaminophen	65.9
Morphine Extended Release	42.7
Morphine Extended Release / Acetaminophen	49.5
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release	56.3
Placebo	32.9

Intervention	scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Acetaminophen	720.5
Morphine Extended Release	239.9
Morphine Extended Release / Acetaminophen	614.4
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release	450.8
Placebo	-57.6

Intervention	participants (Number)
	ALT >= 3 * ULN	AST >= 3 * ULN	Calcium <= 1.8 mmol/L
Acetaminophen	1	1	0
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release	0	0	0
Morphine Extended Release	2	2	0
Morphine Extended Release / Acetaminophen	3	3	1
Placebo	0	0	2

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Systolic BP decrease	Systolic BP increase	Diastolic BP decrease	Diastolic BP increase	Heart rate decrease	Heart rate increase	Respiratory rate < 10 rpm	Respiratory rate > 24 rpm
Acetaminophen	3	1	2	0	3	1	0	0
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release	2	0	5	0	2	1	0	0
Morphine Extended Release	6	0	5	0	1	0	0	0
Morphine Extended Release / Acetaminophen	8	0	6	2	0	0	0	0
Placebo	5	1	2	0	0	0	0	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Excellent	Very Good	Good	Fair	Poor
Acetaminophen	9	15	16	10	0
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release	7	20	15	4	2
Morphine Extended Release	8	16	14	3	11
Morphine Extended Release / Acetaminophen	4	19	12	11	3
Placebo	3	17	12	15	4

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	State Anxiety Pre-Test	State Anxiety Post-Test	VAS Pain Score at 5 minutes
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen	34.5	26.0	0.1
Sugar Water	38.0	29.0	0.5

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	Baseline	5 minutes	10 minutes	15 minutes	Procedure Finish
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sugar Water	0.85	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	End of Titration	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12	Week 16	Week 20	Week 24	Week 28	Week 32	Week 36	Week 40	Week 44	Week 48	Week 52	Endpoint
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2
Rollover Subpopulation	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Total Hydrocodone ER	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Baseline: Poor	Baseline: Fair	Baseline: Good	Baseline: Excellent	Week 4: Poor	Week 4: Fair	Week 4: Good	Week 4: Excellent	Week 52: Poor	Week 52: Fair	Week 52: Good	Week 52: Excellent	Endpoint: Poor	Endpoint: Fair (n=42, 92, 157, 291)	Endpoint: Good	Endpoint: Excellent
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	10	55	18	3	1	17	54	15	2	9	36	10	6	21	52	13
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	18	14	1	1	2	5	20	13	0	3	17	8	3	7	21	11
Rollover Subpopulation	49	71	29	3	2	27	94	27	2	18	62	21	8	27	93	29
Total Hydrocodone ER	77	140	48	7	5	49	168	55	4	30	115	39	17	55	166	53

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	End of Open-Label Titration: >=18	End of Open-Label Titration: <18	Week 4: >=18	Week 4: <18	Week 24: >=18	Week 24: <18
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	0	0	12	73	0	0
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	0	0	1	39	0	0
Rollover Subpopulation	0	2	3	134	0	1
Total Hydrocodone ER	0	2	16	246	0	1

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Any adverse event	Treatment-related adverse event	Death	Serious adverse event	Withdrawals from treatment due to adverse event
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	98	69	1	16	24
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	51	41	0	4	18
Rollover Subpopulation	135	63	1	7	20
Total Hydrocodone ER	284	173	2	27	62

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	>=1 CS value during study	>=1 CS value during open-label titration period	>=1 CS value at endpoint
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	30	14	8
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	10	4	2
Rollover Subpopulation	36	4	13
Total Hydrocodone ER	76	22	23

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	ALT	AST	BUN	Creatinine	Uric acid	White blood cell count	Hemoglobin	Hematocrit	Urine blood	Urine glucose
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	2	2	3	1	4	1	3	6	4	2
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	2	1	2
Rollover Subpopulation	1	0	5	1	3	0	3	6	2	5
Total Hydrocodone ER	3	2	8	2	8	1	7	14	7	9

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Normal baseline - Normal overall	Normal baseline - Abnormal overall	Abnormal baseline - Normal overall	Abnormal baseline - Abnormal overall
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	33	17	7	32
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	18	8	0	15
Rollover Subpopulation	43	35	18	54
Total Hydrocodone ER	94	60	25	101

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Pulse - high	Pulse - low	Systolic blood pressure - high	Systolic blood pressure - low	Diastolic blood pressure - high	Diastolic blood pressure - low
New Opioid Experienced Subpopulation	2	0	0	4	0	2
New Opioid Naïve Subpopulation	0	1	1	0	3	1
Rollover Subpopulation	0	5	2	7	3	3
Total Hydrocodone ER	2	6	3	11	6	6

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Any adverse event	Severe adverse event	Treatment-related adverse event	Deaths	Serious adverse event	Withdrawals from treatment due to AE
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	93	9	48	0	3	9
Open-Label Titration: Opioid Experienced	116	8	72	0	2	15
Open-Label Titration: Opioid Naive	111	9	90	0	0	33
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	91	7	28	0	3	3

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Blood urea nitrogen	Uric acid	Hemoglobin	Hematocrit	Urine blood	Urine total protein
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	4	5	3	5	3	0
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	1	2	1	1	2	1

hydrocodone

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (88)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (2)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (75)

Molecular Functions (30)

Ceullar Components (24)

Bioassays (39)

Research

Studies (632)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (107)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

3 Scores on the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI)

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)

Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) Intensity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Pain Sleep Inventory (CPSI)

Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) Intensity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

Change From Double-blind (DB) Baseline to Final Assessment in Chronic Pain Sleep Inventory (CPSI)

TOTPAR (Total Pain Relief)

Time to First Rescue Medication

Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Using the Pain Intensity Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

Time to Perceptible and Meaningful Pain Relief

TOTPAR (Total Pain Relief)

Sum of Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Using the Pain Intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

Number of Participants With Chemistry Values Meeting Potentially Clinically Significant Criteria

Number of Participants With Vital Signs Values Meeting Potentially Clinically Significant Criteria

Participant's Global Assessment of Study Drug

Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

Statistical Difference in Pain Scores in Children During Laceration Repair Between Study and Placebo Group

Statistical Difference in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) Scores for Children Aged 8-17 Years During Laceration Repair and VAS Pain Scale

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Score for Children > 7 Years.

Mean Change in 24-hour Pain Intensity Ratings Scale (NRS).

Mean Change in Average Daily Pain

Addiction Behavior Checklist (ABC) Total Scores During Both the Open-Label Titration and Open-Label Treatment Periods by Participant Status

Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) Scores During Both the Open-Label Titration and Open-Label Treatment Periods by Participant Status

Participant Global Assessment (PGA) of the Method of Pain Control by Participant Status

Participants by Risk Category for Aberrant Drug Misuse Based on the Total Score in the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients With Pain - Revised (SOAPP-R)

Participants With Adverse Experiences

Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results by Patient Status

Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Abnormal Laboratory Values During the Open-Label Treatment Period by Participant Status

Shifts in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings From Baseline to Overall Study by Participant Status

Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values by Participant Status

Participants With Adverse Events

Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values During the Double-Blind Treatment Period

Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Endpoint

Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Week 12

Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Week 4

Patient Assessment of Function (PAF) at Week 8

Percentage of Participants Withdrawn From the Study During the Double-Blind Treatment Period By Reason

Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical and Mental Component Summary Scores at Baseline, Week 12 and Endpoint

Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scales (SOWS) Scores During the Double-Blind Treatment Period

Weekly Average Pain Intensity (wAPI) Scores During the Double-blind Treatment Period

Weekly Average Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Double-blind Treatment Period

Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values During the Double-Blind Treatment Period

Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Weekly Average Pain Intensity (wAPI)

Kaplan-Meier Estimates for Time to Discontinuation From the Study

Addiction Behavior Checklist (ABC) Total Scores During Both the Open-Label Titration and Double-Blind Treatment Periods

Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI-SF) Pain Interference Mean Score During the Double-Blind Treatment Period

Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Double-Blind Treatment Phase in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters

Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scales (COWS) Scores During the Double-Blind Treatment Period

Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF) at Endpoint

Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF) at Week 12

Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF) at Week 4

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Go to Work: Very much worsened	Go to Work: Much worsened	Go to Work: Slightly worsened	Go to Work: Unchanged	Go to Work: Slightly improved	Go to Work: Much improved	Go to Work: Very much improved	Perform Work: Very much worsened	Perform Work: Much worsened	Perform Work: Slightly worsened	Perform Work: Unchanged	Perform Work: Slightly improved	Perform Work: Much improved	Perform Work: Very much improved	Walk: Very much worsened	Walk: Much worsened	Walk: Slightly worsened	Walk: Unchanged	Walk: Slightly improved	Walk: Much improved	Walk: Very much improved	Exercise: Very much worsened	Exercise: Much worsened	Exercise: Slightly worsened	Exercise: Unchanged	Exercise: Slightly improved	Exercise: Much improved	Exercise: Very much improved	Social events: Very much worsened	Social events: Much worsened	Social events: Slightly worsened	Social events: Unchanged	Social events: Slightly improved	Social events: Much improved	Social events: Very much improved	Sex: Very much worsened	Sex: Much worsened	Sex: Slightly worsened	Sex: Unchanged	Sex: Slightly improved	Sex: Much improved	Sex: Very much improved	Enjoy life: Very much worsened	Enjoy life: Much worsened	Enjoy life: Slightly worsened	Enjoy life: Unchanged	Enjoy life: Slightly improved	Enjoy life: Much improved	Enjoy life: Very much improved
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	1	2	6	39	26	26	6	2	5	12	34	39	34	7	1	4	10	36	40	32	10	3	5	9	51	30	24	9	1	4	12	51	30	25	10	0	6	12	76	13	18	4	0	7	9	45	25	35	11
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	0	4	10	47	11	21	6	2	3	17	43	31	27	8	1	7	13	47	28	28	7	4	6	13	52	30	19	7	1	3	10	67	23	21	6	3	6	10	88	12	8	4	2	3	10	59	27	21	9

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Total withdrawn from study period	Lack of efficacy	Adverse event	Consent withdrawn	Lost to follow-up	Protocol violation	Noncompliance to study procedures	Noncompliance to study drug admin	Other
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	36	3	7	3	0	10	1	8	3
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	31	12	3	2	0	6	1	6	1

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	PCS - Baseline	PCS - Week 12	PCS - Endpoint	MCS - Baseline	MCS - Week 12	MCS - Endpoint
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	35.8	37.6	36.9	52.8	53.6	52.6
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	35.5	36.9	35.9	52.8	54.7	54.0

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Week 1	Week 2	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12	Endpoint
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	6.1	4.4	5.3	3.2	3.6	4.3
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	5.9	5.4	5.5	3.4	3.2	3.6

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	At least one clinically significant vital sign	Pulse - high	Pulse - low	Systolic blood pressure - high	Systolic blood pressure - low	Diastolic blood pressure - high	Diastolic blood pressure - low
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	5	0	0	0	3	2	1
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	2	0	0	1	1	0	0

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	0.14
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	-0.22

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline Open-Label Titration	Baseline Double-blind Treatment	Week 1	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12	Endpoint
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3

Intervention	msec (Mean)
	PR interval	QRS interval	QT interval	QTc interval (Bazett)	QTc interval (Fridericia)
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	-2.4	0.6	2.2	4.2	2.9
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	-1.8	-0.1	-3.1	-1.0	-2.5

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	General Activities: Very much worsened	General Activities: Much worsened	General Activities: Slightly worsened	General Activities: Unchanged	General Activities: Slightly improved	General Activities: Much improved	General Activities: Very much improved	Walking ability: Very much worsened	Walking ability: Much worsened	Walking ability: Slightly worsened	Walking ability: Unchanged	Walking ability: Slightly improved	Walking ability: Much improved	Walking ability: Very much improved	Daily living: Very much worsened	Daily living: Much worsened	Daily living: Slightly worsened	Daily living: Unchanged	Daily living: Slightly improved	Daily living: Much improved	Daily living: Very much improved	Relationships: Very much worsened	Relationships: Much worsened	Relationships: Slightly worsened	Relationships: Unchanged	Relationships: Slightly improved	Relationships: Much improved	Relationships: Very much improved	Enjoyment: Very much worsened	Enjoyment: Much worsened	Enjoyment: Slightly worsened	Enjoyment: Unchanged	Enjoyment: Slightly improved	Enjoyment: Much improved	Enjoyment: Very much improved
Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)	0	5	4	38	37	40	8	1	4	5	45	32	19	6	0	6	3	46	33	36	8	0	2	4	78	26	15	7	0	5	5	57	31	27	7
Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)	1	4	9	46	36	24	11	1	2	7	59	34	21	7	1	4	10	49	33	24	10	0	1	3	90	15	18	4	1	2	9	66	20	25	8

Intervention	scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Double-blind Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release	10.9
Double-blind Placebo	19.9