Page last updated: 2024-12-10

s 1108

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

S 1108: structure given in first source; an oral cephem antibiotic and prodrug of S-1006 [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5282437
CHEMBL ID	4303585
SCHEMBL ID	4755909
MeSH ID	M0204872

Synonyms (40)

Synonym
cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride monohydrate
s-1108 ,
cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride
flomox (tn)
D01680
cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate (jp17)
cfpn-pi
147816-24-8
s 1108
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(((aminocarbonyl)oxy)methyl)-7-((2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)amino)-8-oxo-, (2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methyl ester,(6r-(6-alpha,7-beta(z)))-, monohydrochloride, hydrate
unii-v16a6ayi9h
cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate
v16a6ayi9h ,
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(((aminocarbonyl)oxy)methyl)-7-(((2z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-1-oxo-2-penten-1-yl)amino)-8-oxo-, (2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methyl ester, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1), (6r,7r)-
j01dd17
cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate [mi]
pivaloyloxymethyl (+)-(6r,7r)-7-((z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-pentenamido)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid carbamate monohydrochloride monohydrate
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(((aminocarbonyl)oxy)methyl)-7-((2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-1-oxo-2- pentenyl)amino)-8-oxo-, (2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methyl ester,(6r- (6-.alpha.,7-.beta.(z)))-, monohydrochloride, hydrate
cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate [who-dd]
cefcapene pivoxil monohydrochloride monohydrate
cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate [jan]
S4844
AKOS025310133
J-700157
SCHEMBL4755909
AS-65791
cefcapene pivoxil hcl h2o
mfcd01682041
cefcapenepivoxil hydrochloride
EX-A4006
(6r,7r)-(pivaloyloxy)methyl 7-((z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enamido)-3-((carbamoyloxy)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride hydrate
BCP12048
CCG-270257
CS-W020762
CHEMBL4303585
cefcapene pivoxil (hydrochloride hydrate)
Q27291405
2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (6r,7r)-7-[[(z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enoyl]amino]-3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate;hydrate;hydrochloride
HY-W040022
(6r,7r)-(pivaloyloxy)methyl7-((z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enamido)-3-((carbamoyloxy)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylatehydrochloridehydrate

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This study indicated that there was a decrease in free carnitine levels in plasma, but there were no clinical symptoms or adverse effects associated with carnitine reduction in patients during the 7-day multiple administration of S-1108."	( Carnitine status and safety after administration of S-1108, a new oral cephem, to patients. Fujita, Y; Hiraga, Y; Inamatsu, T; Nishikawa, T; Ohmichi, M; Saito, A; Shimada, J; Shimada, K; Shimizu, K; Tanimura, M, 1993)	0.29

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These values indicated a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior."	( [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of S-1108 in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of S-1108]. Abe, T; Fujii, R; Meguro, H; Mori, A; Niino, K; Sato, H; Sunakawa, K; Tajima, T; Terashima, I; Yokota, T, 1995)	0.29

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pivaloyloxymethyl esters of selected compounds in this series were found to be well absorbed from small intestine in mice."	( Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2- aminothiazol-4-yl)-3-(substituted)-2-propenoylamino]-3-cephems with C-3 substitutions. Hamashima, Y; Ishikura, K; Kimura, Y; Kubota, T; Minami, K; Miwa, H; Motokawa, K; Nakashimizu, H; Yoshida, T, 1994)	0.29

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The concentration of radioactivity in the liver, cortex of the kidney, and skeletal muscle 144 h after oral dosing was more than 10 times higher than the concentration in plasma for all doses."	( Disposition of S-1108, a new oral cephem antibiotic, and metabolic fate of pivalic acid liberated from [pivaloyl-14C]S-1108 in rats and dogs. Futaguchi, S; Katsuyama, Y; Mizojiri, K; Nagasaki, T; Nakanishi, M; Norikura, R; Yoshimori, T, 1995)	0.29
" A dose-response relationship was observed between the two doses."	( [Basic and clinical studies on S-1108 in pediatric field]. Aramaki, M; Handa, S; Kato, H; Motohiro, T; Oda, K; Oki, S; Sakata, Y; Yamada, S; Yamashita, F; Yoshinaga, Y, 1993)	0.29
" These results indicate the need to select drugs and to instruct gastrectomized patients regarding dosage and administration, taking the pharmacokinetics of drugs into consideration."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefcapene pivoxil and AS-924 in gastrectomized patients. Fujimoto, M, 2001)	0.31
" Based on the results from this study, we evaluated PK/PD breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of CFPN-PI at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to determine an effective and safe dosage regimen of CFPN-PI."	( [PK/PD breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of cefcapene pivoxil fine granules for children at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection]. Fujii, R; Iwai, N; Motohiro, T; Sunakawa, K; Toyonaga, Y, 2008)	0.35

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (64)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	31 (48.44)	18.2507
2000's	17 (26.56)	29.6817
2010's	13 (20.31)	24.3611
2020's	3 (4.69)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 17.57

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	17.57 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	4.48 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.41 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (17.57)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	20 (29.85%)	5.53%
Reviews	3 (4.48%)	6.00%
Case Studies	17 (25.37%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	27 (40.30%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
carnitine [no description available]	4.48	5	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.14	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.21	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.1	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	3.14	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
loxoprofen loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.	2.25	1	0	cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	5.48	2	2	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	3.59	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
pivalic acid pivalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pivalic acid : A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.	4.63	6	1	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	3.14	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	1.98	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.06	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.25	4	3	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.01	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	11.5	64	19	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
fropenem [no description available]	2	1	0	faropenem
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	3.82	2	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
amdinocillin pivoxil Amdinocillin Pivoxil: Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin.. pivmecillinam : A penicillanic acid ester that is the [(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl ester and prodrug of mecillinam.	4.52	1	1	penicillanic acid ester; penicillin; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; prodrug
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sulbactam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	penicillanic acids
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.44	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	6.03	4	2	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	2.1	1	0
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.21	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.15	1	0
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.45	1	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.21	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
s 1006 S 1006: structure given in first source. cefcapene : A cephalosporin compound having (carbamoyloxy)methyl and N-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enoyl]amino side-groups. It is used (generally as the corresponnding pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug) as an oral antibacterial.	4.28	4	1	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; enamide; secondary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	2.41	2	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefdinir Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.	2.01	1	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.58	2	0
ceftizoxime alapivoxil ceftizoxime alapivoxil: structure in first source	2	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.02	1	0
pivaloylcarnitine O-pivaloylcarnitine : A C5-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is pivaloyl.	4.06	3	1	C5-acylcarnitine	metabolite

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	2.63	2	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	2.63	2	0
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye.	2.25	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.	2.25	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	2.25	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	2.25	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	2.25	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	2.25	1	0
Pyoderma Gangrenosum An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.	2.17	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.44	2	0
SAPHO Syndrome [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.44	2	0
Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome Syndrome consisting of SYNOVITIS; ACNE CONGLOBATA; PALMOPLANTAR PUSTULOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; and OSTEITIS. The most common site of the disease is the upper anterior chest wall, characterized by predominantly osteosclerotic lesions, hyperostosis, and arthritis of the adjacent joints. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome.	2.54	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.21	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	5.06	3	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.21	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.21	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.21	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.21	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	2.21	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.21	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 5 [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.21	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.21	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	3.88	2	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.21	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.21	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	7.18	10	4
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	2.21	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.52	2	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	2.1	1	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	2.7	3	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	2.11	1	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.11	1	0
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Haverhill Fever [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Tick Bites The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bites of TICKS.	2.15	1	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Lymphangitis A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	2.15	1	0
Infections, Rickettsia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cold Panniculitis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	2.15	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.15	1	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	5.04	3	3
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	5.24	4	3
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	5.04	3	3
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	5.24	4	3
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	4.4	2	2
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	6.88	13	6
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	6.88	13	6
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.04	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.04	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	2.04	1	0
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	2.96	1	0
Bites [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Dermatitis, Periocular [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Fusobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.	2.1	1	0
Dermatitis, Perioral A papular eruption of unknown etiology that progresses to residual papular erythema and scaling usually confined to the area of the mouth, and almost exclusively occurring in young women. It may also be localized or extend to involve the eyelids and adjacent glabella area of the forehead (periocular dermatitis). (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.1	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	7.69	23	8
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	7.69	23	8
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	2.4	2	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2	1	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	2	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	2	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	2	1	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	3.4	1	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	6.01	6	5
Pyrexia [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	3.41	1	1
Pyuria The presence of white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) in the urine. It is often associated with bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Pyuria without BACTERIURIA can be caused by TUBERCULOSIS, stones, or cancer.	3.41	1	1
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes [description not available]	2	1	0
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	2	1	0
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.	2	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.77	2	1
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	3.37	1	1
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	1.98	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	1.98	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	1.98	1	0

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