cellular response to hormone stimulus

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. [GOC:mah]

Cellular response to hormone stimulus is a complex process involving a series of events that begin with the binding of a hormone to its specific receptor on the target cell. This binding triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that ultimately lead to changes in cellular function. The specific response elicited by a given hormone depends on the type of receptor it binds to, the signaling pathways activated, and the target cell's repertoire of genes and proteins.

Here's a detailed description of the process:

1. **Hormone Binding:** The hormone, a chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands, travels through the bloodstream and reaches its target cell. The hormone binds to its specific receptor, which can be located on the cell surface (for hydrophilic hormones) or inside the cell (for hydrophobic hormones).
2. **Signal Transduction:** This binding event triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events. The receptor, upon binding to the hormone, undergoes a conformational change that activates associated proteins, often called G proteins. G proteins then activate other signaling molecules, such as enzymes or second messengers.
3. **Signal Amplification:** The signaling cascade often involves a series of enzymatic reactions that amplify the initial signal. This amplification ensures that a small amount of hormone can produce a significant cellular response.
4. **Cellular Response:** The activated signaling molecules ultimately reach their target proteins, which may be enzymes, transcription factors, or other proteins involved in cellular processes. These target proteins elicit specific cellular responses, such as changes in gene expression, protein synthesis, cell growth, metabolism, or cell division.

5. **Feedback Mechanisms:** Cellular response to hormone stimulus is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. As the cellular response progresses, the hormone concentration decreases, leading to a reduction in signaling and a return to homeostasis.

In summary, the cellular response to hormone stimulus is a highly regulated and complex process that involves a series of molecular events, including hormone binding, signal transduction, signal amplification, and cellular responses. This process ensures the proper coordination and integration of physiological functions in the organism.'
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Proteins (22)

Compounds (380)