Page last updated: 2024-10-24
respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. [ISBN:0198506732]
Respiratory gaseous exchange, a fundamental process for life, involves the movement of oxygen from the atmosphere into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the atmosphere. This exchange occurs within the respiratory system, a network of organs responsible for breathing. The journey begins with inhalation, where air enters the body through the nose and mouth, passing through the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. The trachea branches into two bronchi, leading to the lungs. Within the lungs, the bronchi further divide into smaller bronchioles, eventually ending in tiny air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are the primary sites of gas exchange. Their thin walls and abundant capillaries allow for efficient diffusion of oxygen from the inhaled air into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. This exchange is driven by the partial pressure differences of the gases: oxygen is at a higher concentration in the alveoli than in the blood, prompting its movement into the bloodstream. Conversely, carbon dioxide is at a higher concentration in the blood than in the alveoli, driving its movement into the air for exhalation. The respiratory system is tightly regulated by the nervous system, ensuring adequate oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal, crucial for cellular respiration and overall body function.'
"
Proteins (7)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 | A cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q9Y271] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 | An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UI09] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Taste receptor type 2 member 4 | A taste receptor type 2 member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NYW5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alpha-mannosidase 2 | An alpha-mannosidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16706] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histamine N-methyltransferase | A histamine N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50135] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Endothelin-1 receptor | An endothelin-1 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P25101] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Transmembrane protease serine 11D | A transmembrane protease serine 11D that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O60235] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (83)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| tacrine | tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders. | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| amiodarone | amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| clotrimazole | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| diphenhydramine | antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug. Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects. | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| avapro | irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease. | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| isoproterenol | isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant. | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ly 171883 | LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity. | acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles | anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| mianserin | mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors. | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| potassium chloride | potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA. | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| ono 1078 | pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | chromones | |
| propranolol | propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs. | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| pf 5901 | alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist | quinolines | |
| sulfathiazole | sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine. | 1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide; sulfonamide antibiotic | antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfisoxazole | sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms. | isoxazoles; sulfonamide; sulfonamide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| ici 204,219 | zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist |
| metoprine | metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist | ||
| ablukast | |||
| zileuton | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | |
| wy 48252 | Wy 48252: leukotriene D4 antagonist | ||
| pobilukast | pobilukast: a leukotriene receptor antagonist; an antiasthmatic agent; structure in first source; RN refers to (R-(R*,S*)-isomer | ||
| bosentan anhydrous | Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. | primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| fpl 55712 | FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors | aromatic ketone | |
| 1h-indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1s,2r,3s)- | 1H-Indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1S,2R,3S)-: an ET(A) and ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| l 648051 | L 648051: antagonist of leukotriene D4 receptor; structure in first source | ||
| ro 46-2005 | Ro 46-2005: an orally active non-peptide antagonist of endothelin receptors; structure given in first source | ||
| pd 142893 | PD 142893: functional antagonist of endothelin-stimulated vasoconstriction | ||
| 5-(dimethylamino)-n-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide | 5-(dimethylamino)-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: structure in first source; endothelin receptor antagonist | naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative | |
| tak 044 | TAK 044: endothelin receptor antagonist | ||
| tertiary-butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-seryl-arginyl-4-methylcoumarin-7-amide | |||
| sr 2640 | SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist | quinolines | |
| rg 12525 | RG 12525: leukotriene D4 antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| endothelin (16-21) | endothelin (16-21): C-terminal hexapeptide of endothelin; amino acid seq. given in first source | peptide | |
| tezosentan | tezosentan: structure in first source | ||
| bms 207940 | N-((2'-(((4,5-dimethyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino)sulfonyl)-4-(2-oxazolyl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yl)methyl)-N,3,3-trimethylbutanamide: an ET(A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| atrasentan | Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES. | pyrrolidines | |
| lu 135252 | |||
| enrasentan | enrasentan : A member of the class of indanes that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene which is substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group, carboxy group, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl group and a propoxy group at positions 1S, 2R, 3S and 5, respectively. It is an orally active mixed endothelin A/B receptor antagonist with a 100-fold greater affinity for the endothelin A receptor. The drug was being developed by GSK for the treatment of congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (clinical trials discontinued). enrasentan: decreases ischemic brain injury; an endothelin A and B receptor antagonist; structure in first source | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; indanes; monocarboxylic acid; monomethoxybenzene; primary alcohol | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| 2-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid | diarylmethane | ||
| tbc-11251 | sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source | benzodioxoles | |
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| bq 123 | cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source | cyclic peptide | |
| 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol, (2r-(2alpha,3beta,4beta))-isomer | pyrrolidines | ||
| diethylstilbestrol | diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| aurapten | aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties. | coumarins; monoterpenoid | antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary |
| leukotriene c4 | leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage. Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990) | leukotriene | bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| leukotriene d4 | leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R). Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990) | dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide | bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| leukotriene e4 | leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R). Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990) | amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol | |
| montelukast | montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| l 735821 | L 735821: inhibits KCNQ2 channels | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| a 192621 | A 192621: ET(B) receptor antagonist | ||
| bay u9773 | BAY u9773: a leukotriene C4 antagonist BAYu9773 : A dicarboxylic acid that is that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4S and a (4-carboxyphenyl)sulfanediyl group at 5R. It is a dual cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that acts at the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors (IC50 = 0.44 and 0.30 muM, respectively). | benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; polyunsaturated fatty acid; secondary alcohol | leukotriene antagonist |
| irl 2500 | IRL 2500: Endothelin-B receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| l 365260 | L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively | benzodiazepine | |
| ro 46-8443 | Ro 46-8443: a non-peptide endothelin ET(B) receptor selective antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
| sulindac sulfide | sulindac sulfide : An aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity. sulindac sulfide: sulfated analog of indomethacin & inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| sulindac sulfone | sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor. sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone | apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor |
| ro 47-8634 | Ro 47-8634: structure in first source | ||
| clazosentan | clazosentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist used for cerebral vasospasm; structure in first source; | ||
| lu 224332 | felotaxel: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | ||
| marmin | marmin: structure in first source; RN given for (R-(E))-isomer | ||
| gw 1929 | GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source | benzophenones | |
| lu 208075 | ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension | diarylmethane | |
| bms 193884 | |||
| cp 105696 | CP 105696: a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| ci 1020 | |||
| l 365260 | |||
| lu 302872 | LU 224332: endothelin-A/B receptor antagonist | ||
| bms 248360 | |||
| zibotentan | ZD4054: a potent endothelin receptor A antagonist that inhibits ovarian carcinoma cell proliferation | phenylpyridine | |
| avosentan | Avosentan: structure in first source | ||
| 4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride | |||
| naluzotan | naluzotan: an antidepressant and anti-anxiety agent; structure in first source | ||
| macitentan | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; pyrimidines; ring assembly; sulfamides | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist; orphan drug | |
| a 803467 | A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source | ||
| amodiaquine hydrochloride | |||
| endothelin-1 | Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | ||
| mk 0571 | |||
| montelukast sodium | organic sodium salt | ||
| pd 156707 | |||
| act-132577 | ACT-132577 : A member of the class of sulfamides in which one of the amino groups of sulfonamide is substituted by a 5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-{2-[(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}pyrimidin-4-yl group. An active metabolite of macitentan (obtained by oxidative depropylation), an orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. aprocitentan: a macitentan metabolite | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; pyrimidines; sulfamides | antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; endothelin receptor antagonist; xenobiotic metabolite |
| endothelins | |||
| nitd 609 | NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source | ||
| 3-(((3-carboxycyclohexyl)amino)carbonyl)-4-(3-(4-(4-phenoxybutoxy)phenyl)propoxy)benzoic acid | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound |