Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Nocturnal Wandering

A parasomnia characterized by a partial arousal that occurs during stage IV of non-REM sleep. Affected individuals exhibit semipurposeful behaviors such as ambulation and are difficult to fully awaken. Children are primarily affected, with a peak age range of 4-6 years.

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Sleep Walking
Somnambulism
Nocturnal Wandering
Sleep Walking Disorder
Sleepwalking

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Night-terrors and somnambulism are comparatively rare in adults and are most often associated with stage 4 sleep, especially delta activity."( Cooper, AJ, 1987)
"Episodic nocturnal wandering is rare and thought to be an atypical form of nocturnal epilepsy which is responsive to anticonvulsant therapy."( Chu, NS; Huang, YZ, 1998)
"Sleepwalking is a rare side effect of zolpidem."( Dollear, M; Muthukrishnan, SR; Yang, W, 2005)
"Somnambulism is a common parasomnia that reflects an impairment in the normal mechanisms of arousal from sleep in which motor behaviors are activated without full consciousness."( Hafeez, ZH; Kalinowski, CM, 2007)
"Sleepwalking is a frequently reported side effect of zolpidem which is a short-acting hypnotic drug potentiating activity of GABA(A) receptors."( Juszczak, GR, 2011)
"Somnambulism or sleepwalking is a sleep disorder of arousal."( Gill, JS; Jambunathan, ST; Koh, OH; Pillai, SK, 2011)
"Somnambulism (sleepwalking) is a disorder of arousal that falls under "parasomnia" group and is more common in children."( Mathew, T; Nadig, R; Sarma, GR; Varghese, R, 2012)
"Somnambulism is a non-rapid eye movement sleep parasomnia with potential for significant injury as well as functional nighttime and daytime impairment."( Boucetta, S; Desautels, A; Gibbs, SA; Montplaisir, J; Nigam, M; Zadra, A, 2019)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Episodic nocturnal wandering is rare and thought to be an atypical form of nocturnal epilepsy which is responsive to anticonvulsant therapy."( Chu, NS; Huang, YZ, 1998)
"A history of childhood somnambulism may increase the risk of developing sleepwalking behaviour while under psychotropic drugs treatment."( Landry, P; Montplaisir, J; Nielsen, T; Warnes, H, 1999)
"Zolpidem has been associated with somnambulism, but our patient did not experience this when he was on zolpidem monotherapy."( Bhatia, SC; Petty, F; Ramaswamy, S; Sattar, SP, 2003)
"Medications that trigger sleepwalking may inadvertently put the patient at risk of injury to themselves and/or others, and contribute to poor treatment adherence."( Kohler, M; Stallman, HM; White, J, 2018)
"However, the optimal treatment of somnambulism has not been established."( Boucetta, S; Desautels, A; Gibbs, SA; Montplaisir, J; Nigam, M; Zadra, A, 2019)
"This is a case report of a patient with sleepwalking likely caused by tapentadol ER secondary to higher than the recommended dose for the treatment of pain."( Ko, EYJ; Tupper, MW, 2022)
"Recently, some cases of somnambulism or sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) have been reported in patients treated with these drugs."( Ferreira, A; Gouverneur, A; Morival, C; Pageot, C; Pariente, A; Tournier, M, 2021)

Research

Studies (144)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199037 (25.69)23.3326
1990's22 (15.28)12.5806
2000's40 (27.78)18.1394
2010's40 (27.78)28.8240
2020's5 (3.47)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
salicylic acid0low10
bupropion0low20
melatonin0medium32
phenytoin0low20
albuterol0low10
alprazolam0medium11
amitriptyline0low30
benserazide0low10
biperiden0medium11
brotizolam0low10
carbamazepine0low30
cetirizine0low10
chloral hydrate0low40
chlordiazepoxide0low10
chlorpheniramine0low10
chlorpromazine0low20
ciprofloxacin0low10
citalopram0low10
clonazepam0medium131
amphetamine0low30
diazepam0medium71
diphenhydramine0low10
valproic acid0low30
fexofenadine0low10
fluphenazine0low10
fluoxetine0low10
haloperidol0low10
imipramine0low100
loratadine0low10
methylphenidate0low20
metoprolol0low10
apnea0low30
oxazepam0low10
perphenazine0low20
phenobarbital0low10
piracetam0low10
pirenzepine0low20
prazosin0low10
propranolol0low30
risperidone0medium21
secobarbital0low10
temazepam0low10
terfenadine0low10
thioridazine0low40
thiothixene0low10
triazolam0medium51
zaleplon0low40
zolpidem0low240
zopiclone0low30
levodopa0low20
methaqualone0low20
brompheniramine0low10
quinoxalines0low10
xanthenes0low10
cyclohexanol0low10
thiazoles0low20
ephedrine0low10
lithium carbonate0low10
clopenthixol0low10
2-piperidone0low10
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate0low10
pimozide0low10
lisuride0low10
bromocriptine0low10
paroxetine0low20
ziprasidone0low10
venlafaxine hydrochloride0low10
triazoles0low10
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low10
nicotine0low20
pramipexole0low10
reboxetine0low10
asenapine0low10
varenicline0low10
ramelteon0low20
chlorprothixene0low20
eszopiclone0low20
benztropine0low10
D-fructopyranose0low30
lithium0medium61
quinine0low10
ethchlorvynol0low10
levetiracetam0low10
topiramate0low30
cysteine0low10
ergoline0low10
tapentadol0low10
technetium tc 99m exametazime0low10
sodium oxybate0low10
suvorexant0low10
quetiapine fumarate0low50
olanzapine0low60
ego0low30
technetium tc 99m bicisate0low10

Protein Targets (847)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Alcohol dehydrogenase E chain0101
Alcohol dehydrogenase S chain0101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP50011
glp-1 receptor, partial9009
thioredoxin reductase250025
GLS protein190019
regulator of G-protein signaling 4160016
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha280028
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha410041
NPYLR7B0011
arylsulfatase A220022
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2370037
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor130013
flap endonuclease 16006
peripheral myelin protein 22170017
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3038038
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4038038
Bile salt export pump053053
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor09413
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor08412
60 kDa chaperonin0101
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0538
Delta-type opioid receptor0516
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 0013
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0449
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1036036
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase190019
TDP1 protein390039
AR protein370037
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]280028
pregnane X nuclear receptor260026
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma170017
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a230023
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 16006
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2310031
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1120012
lamin isoform A-delta10270027
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi1214329
Bromodomain-containing protein 40011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1012618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-11214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta1214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2012315
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-21214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-51214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-31214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-11214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-21214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-41214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-31214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-61214329
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5012618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3012416
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2012416
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2010313
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-11214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-31214329
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-21214329
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0404
GABA theta subunit1214329
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5160016
Ataxin-2300030
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon1214329
Luciferase8008
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4240024
cytochrome P450 2D6240024
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta140014
Snq2p0007
aryl hydrocarbon receptor130013
activating transcription factor 68008
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)160016
Cellular tumor antigen p53250025
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs07014
Chain A, HADH2 protein8008
Chain B, HADH2 protein8008
USP1 protein, partial140014
NFKB1 protein, partial7007
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1160016
D(1A) dopamine receptor220022
chromobox protein homolog 1220022
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor110011
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1150015
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1210021
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1180018
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 012013
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B100010
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F013013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4036036
Albumin0099
High affinity nerve growth factor receptor0123
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1027027
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2027229
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4026127
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1011011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3010010
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4012012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C024125
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5012012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5026026
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor034238
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2011011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1031436
Angiotensin-converting enzyme029029
D(2) dopamine receptor039854
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A024125
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor033136
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor036240
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A037442
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3032234
D(1A) dopamine receptor029234
D(1B) dopamine receptor09012
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40107
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 036238
Histamine H2 receptor021223
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor035240
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A043450
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C042446
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B026127
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D010111
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F010111
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B021223
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60314
Histamine H1 receptor0808
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter035439
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 011112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0314
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0314
Histamine H1 receptor046554
D(3) dopamine receptor034444
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0707
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0709
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0516
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B042244
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor029534
Histamine H2 receptor153022
D(1A) dopamine receptor121013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6035138
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7010010
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0202
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0505
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 013013
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 024226
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2051052
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S013013
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C014014
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha011011
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0808
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10516
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0314
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 027027
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0707
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1024024
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0516
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0707
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0505
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0505
Histamine H3 receptor0909
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0505
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0202
Cytochrome P450 2A60415
Substance-P receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 2A50202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter022123
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10909
ATAD5 protein, partial140014
Microtubule-associated protein tau160016
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1100010
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A6006
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE110011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A6006
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0606
acetylcholinesterase150015
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit100010
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma190019
SMAD family member 24004
Fumarate hydratase120012
PPM1D protein3003
SMAD family member 34004
GLI family zinc finger 3300030
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)150015
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3270027
progesterone receptor150015
EWS/FLI fusion protein190019
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1240024
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha170017
farnesoid X nuclear receptor150015
G120012
polyprotein120012
67.9K protein9009
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor140014
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)5005
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a120012
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein4004
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 24004
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d210021
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 34004
heat shock protein beta-17007
geminin280028
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 19009
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 20708
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0202
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit120012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0606
Interferon beta170017
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 120012
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1017027
Cytochrome P450 3A4014017
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0201030
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-426312
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-226312
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor027532
D020020
Glutamate receptor 2121013
D(4) dopamine receptor019327
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor025530
D(4) dopamine receptor013013
Histamine H1 receptor0607
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7016117
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor017325
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor011216
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0909
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0505
Spike glycoprotein232328
D(2) dopamine receptor028332
Inositol monophosphatase 1100010
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0606
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0606
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1120012
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10707
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial120012
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA9009
M-phase phosphoprotein 8130013
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
POsterior Segregation0011
Genome polyprotein0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0437
Hexokinase-20101
Spike glycoprotein0235
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0235
Transmembrane protease serine 20235
Procathepsin L0235
Replicase polyprotein 1a0235
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0235
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0235
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter012113
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0235
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE8008
Genome polyprotein 0112
dopamine D1 receptor3003
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 15005
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Androgen receptor0303
D(3) dopamine receptor016117
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor019423
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor019423
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor019423
D(1B) dopamine receptor011011
Alpha-synuclein0101
Platelet-activating factor receptor0202
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0527
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0527
Integrin alpha-50101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0527
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70306
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20528
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60102
Cytochrome P450 2B60013
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40528
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30527
Cytochrome P450 2C190709
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70426
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40528
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0527
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1140014
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)6006
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor9009
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1120012
Bile salt export pump0707
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0708
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor07210
D(2) dopamine receptor0606
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0505
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
D0606
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase0101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase7007
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor100010
IDH19009
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a5005
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1110011
Vpr2002
Major prion protein0044
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0404
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 013014
Cytochrome P450 2J2012013
Frizzled-80011
P2X purinoceptor 40202
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0011
Histamine H4 receptor0729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30404
Translocator protein0416
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3010212
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0303
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor6006
MBT domain-containing protein 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 10608
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 40101
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 30101
Chloroquine resistance transporter0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20607
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 10101
Proteasome subunit beta type-110001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase8008
Thrombopoietin8008
Smad36006
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease100010
NADPH oxidase 10303
caspase-3100010
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0404
Histone H2A.x7007
Caspase-77007
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a6006
caspase-37007
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 33003
ras-related protein Rab-9A110011
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 14004
survival motor neuron protein isoform d8008
lethal factor (plasmid)8008
Proteasome subunit alpha type-70001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20628
Epidermal growth factor receptor0505
Albumin0269
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10202
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20202
Major prion protein0011
Integrin beta-36006
Cytochrome P450 1A20517
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0505
Integrin alpha-IIb6006
Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel0101
Calmodulin-10314
Cytochrome P450 2D6014116
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150303
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase0202
Proteasome subunit beta type-10001
Substance-K receptor0606
Adenylate cyclase type 30404
Proteasome subunit alpha type-10001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-20001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-30001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-40001
Adenylate cyclase type 20404
Adenylate cyclase type 40404
Proteasome subunit beta type-80001
Proteasome subunit beta type-90001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-50001
Proteasome subunit beta type-40001
Proteasome subunit beta type-60001
Proteasome subunit beta type-50001
Trypanothione reductase0404
Melanocortin receptor 40202
Melanocortin receptor 50404
Mu-type opioid receptor09312
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0304
Adenylate cyclase type 80404
Proteasome subunit beta type-100001
Delta-type opioid receptor0718
Kappa-type opioid receptor0819
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Proteasome subunit beta type-30001
Proteasome subunit beta type-20001
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0303
Proteasome subunit alpha type-60023
Calmodulin 0123
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0304
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0405
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0304
Adenylate cyclase type 60404
Adenylate cyclase type 50404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10101
Aldehyde oxidase0305
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0304
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0404
Proteasome subunit alpha-type 80001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0304
Proteasome subunit beta type-70001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0304
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 12002
snurportin-12002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)7007
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G3003
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20203
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase8008
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0304
DNA gyrase subunit A0103
DNA gyrase subunit B0103
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0102
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0102
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0104
DNA gyrase subunit A0304
Multidrug resistance protein MdtK0011
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0001
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0101
Integrase 0101
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor8008
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0404
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10303
Acetylcholinesterase0404
Aromatase0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20404
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0404
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0404
Transporter015117
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0707
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0707
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10808
Translocator protein0202
Translocator protein0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40909
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0707
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6010010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10707
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30718
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0707
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0225
glucocerebrosidase6006
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B6006
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 19009
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor7007
DNA polymerase beta1001
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10011
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 13003
Endothelin receptor type B0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0404
Endothelin receptor type B0202
Adenosine receptor A10304
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Transporter0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-706310
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0202
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10202
huntingtin isoform 26006
Histamine N-methyltransferase0001
Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 10101
Protein orai-20101
Protein orai-30101
Histamine H3 receptor0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40102
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10102
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20001
Cytochrome P450 2C80303
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40202
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 10101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor 0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Cytochrome P450 1B10202
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a7007
Adenosine receptor A30314
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 176006
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 10001
Nischarin0101
15-lipoxygenase, partial4004
nonstructural protein 12002
Cocaine esterase0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0505
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90103
Vitamin D-binding protein0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Integrin beta-10101
Integrin alpha-40101
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 10001
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0505
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
AP-2 complex subunit sigma0101
N-acetyltransferase Eis0202
TAR DNA-binding protein 434004
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor0101
Genome polyprotein 0202
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Zinc finger protein 6640101
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Protease 0202
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Envelope glycoprotein0022
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A0202
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q13003
WRN1001
integrase, partial0101
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA13003
pyruvate kinase1001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 12002
Polyphenol oxidase 20103
Carbonic anhydrase 120204
Carbonic anhydrase 10406
Carbonic anhydrase 20417
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30203
Tyrosinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40204
Carbonic anhydrase 60204
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0215
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 70204
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
SLC16A10 protein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 90204
Carbonic anhydrase 0102
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 0102
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Carbonic anhydrase 150203
Carbonic anhydrase 130204
Carbonic anhydrase 140204
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0204
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial1001
alpha-galactosidase2002
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Bile acid receptor0101
Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
interleukin 82002
ClpP1001
Cytochrome P450 1A10101
Cytochrome P450 1A2 0101
Myeloperoxidase0202
Cholinesterase0101
Cytochrome P450 2C11 0101
Aromatase0101
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0303
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10101
Acetylcholinesterase 0101
Nociceptin receptor0101
Melatonin receptor type 1A0314
Melatonin receptor type 1C0011
Melatonin receptor type 1A0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0314
Melatonin receptor type 1C0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0112
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma3003
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20001
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0101
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
Glutamate receptor 10101
Glutamate receptor 30101
Glutamate receptor 40101
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Endothelin-1 receptor0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0303
Type-2 angiotensin II receptor0303
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0202
G-protein coupled receptor 0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40213
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0213
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0213
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0213
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30438
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30236
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40438
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50225
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-like 20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50022
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40303
Delta-type opioid receptor0303
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60236
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70202
Acetylcholine-binding protein0112
Mu-type opioid receptor0303
Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30112
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60112
Cytochrome P450 2A130112
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50202
Liver carboxylesterase B-10101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Soluble acetylcholine receptor0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60202
Integrin beta0011
Glycoprotein IIb0011
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR0001
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Quinolone resistance protein NorA0101
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 30101
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10112
Substance-P receptor0101
Rhodopsin kinase GRK10101
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 50101
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 50101
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Rhodopsin kinase GRK10101
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10001
endonuclease IV4004
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0202
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
bcl-2-related protein A10101
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Retinal dehydrogenase 10101
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Aldehyde oxidase 1 0101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Chain A, Ferritin light chain3003
pregnane X receptor2002
GALC protein3003
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
XBP10202
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein0202
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G0011
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 10101
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10022
WD repeat-containing protein 480101
Hsf1 protein0012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor DM10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E0101
interferon gamma precursor0001
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0112
Beta-casein0101
Interstitial collagenase0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-90202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-mannosidase 2C10011
Bromodomain-containing protein 20202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20101
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Adenosine receptor A2a0112
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
Solute carrier family 22 member 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Histidine-rich protein PFHRP-II0101
Cytochrome P450 2D10101
Cytochrome P450 2D260101
Cytochrome P450 2D30101
Cytochrome P450 2D40101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-20101
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
Free fatty acid receptor 30011
Orexin receptor type 10202
Orexin receptor type 20202
Orexin receptor type 10101
Orexin receptor type 20101
Substance-K receptor0101
Proteinase-activated receptor 10112
Parkin2002
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 50202
Cathepsin D 0101
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 10101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Prolyl endopeptidase0101
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 110001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Histone deacetylase 30202
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Histone deacetylase 40202
Histone deacetylase 10202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
Histone deacetylase 70202
Histone deacetylase 20202
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100202
Histone deacetylase 11 0202
Histone deacetylase 80202
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
Histone deacetylase 60202
Histone deacetylase 90202
Histone deacetylase 50202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic0101
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]