Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Parakeratosis

Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Parakeratosis

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Granular parakeratosis is a histologic phenomenon that produces a characteristic clinical picture with multiple brownish and hyperkeratotic papules."( Lüftl, M; Marsch, WC; Wohlrab, J; Wolter, M, 1999)
"Axillary granular parakeratosis is a recently described condition presenting with erythematous hyperkeratotic papules and plaques."( Metze, D; Rütten, A, 1999)
"Granular parakeratosis is an unusual acquired dermatosis characterized by intertriginous keratotic papules."( Brown, SK; Heilman, ER, 2002)
"Granular parakeratosis is a recently recognized disorder of keratinization that is confined to intertriginous body sites."( Chamberlain, AJ; Tam, MM, 2003)
"Axillary granular parakeratosis is an alteration of keratin characterized by a thick parakeratotic horny layer with abundant intracellular keratohyalin granules."( Rodríguez, G, 2002)
"Granular parakeratosis is suspected to result from an error in epidermal differentiation, leading to variably pruritic, hyperpigmented-to-erythematous patches and plaques."( Hancox, J; Pichardo, RO; Sangueza, OP; Wallace, CA; Yosipovitch, G, 2003)
"Granular parakeratosis is a rare form of parakeratosis most often seen in the axilla, although other intertriginous areas may be affected."( Hancox, J; Pichardo, RO; Sangueza, OP; Wallace, CA; Yosipovitch, G, 2003)
"Granular parakeratosis is an acquired, idiopathic disorder of keratinization typified by retention hyperkeratosis."( Chang, MW; Cohen, DE; Kamino, H; Kaufmann, JM; Mobini, N; Orlow, SJ, 2004)
"Granular parakeratosis is a condition presenting with hyperkeratotic plaques and papules that are confined to intertriginous body sites."( Compton, AK; Jackson, JM, 2007)
"Granular parakeratosis is a rare benign dermatosis caused by an acquired disorder of keratinization that usually manifests with reddish-brown keratotic papules and plaques in intertriginous areas."( Claudy, A; Doebelin, B; Faure, M; Jaconelli, L; Kanitakis, J; Saïd, BB, 2008)
"Granular parakeratosis is an acquired disorder of keratinization characterized by keratotic papules and plaques located in the intertriginous areas."( Misad, C; Sudy, E; Urbina, F, 2012)
"Granular parakeratosis is characterized by variably hyperkeratotic brownish papules or plaques, mostly found on flexures."( Almenara-Blasco, M; Gil-Pallares, P; Gilaberte, Y; Gracia-Cazaña, T; Navarro-Bielsa, A, 2023)

Research

Studies (137)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199058 (42.34)23.3326
1990's15 (10.95)12.5806
2000's28 (20.44)18.1394
2010's29 (21.17)28.8240
2020's7 (5.11)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
aminolevulinic acid0low10
salicylic acid0low20
guaiacol0low10
propylene glycol0low20
putrescine0low10
urea0low10
menthol0low10
oxyquinoline0low10
anthralin0low10
econazole0low10
gentamicin0low10
mechlorethamine0low10
propranolol0low10
trioxsalen0low10
hydrocortisone acetate0low10
prednisolone0low10
thymidine0low10
thyroxine0low10
prednisone0low10
triiodothyronine0low10
lysine0low10
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene0low10
tyrosine0low10
phenylalanine0low10
colchicine0low10
arginine0low10
acrylic acid0low10
penicillanic acid0low10
pelargonic acid0low10
framycetin0low10
citrulline0low10
betamethasone0low40
dihydrotestosterone0low10
copper gluconate0low10
dansyl chloride0low10
erythromycin0low10
zinc oxide0low20
d-alpha tocopherol0low20
sabinene0low10
cadmium0low10
gold0low10
aluminum chloride0low10
zinc sulfate0low20
phenyl acetate0low10
triamcinolone0low20
amoxicillin0low10
vx0low10
piperacillin0low10
simvastatin0low10
imiquimod0low20
imatinib mesylate0low10
methotrexate0low30
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate0low20
naproxen0low10
1,3-dimethyl-2-((2-oxopropyl)thio)imidazolium0low10
fibrin0low10
inositol 3-phosphate0low20
monensin0low10
tretinoin0low20
arachidonic acid0low20
retinol0low20
oleic acid0low10
pectins0low10
bromochloroacetic acid0low320
isomethyleugenol0low10
curcumin0medium11
enclomiphene0low10
terbinafine0low10
lithium0low10
sodium dodecyl sulfate0low10
calcitriol0medium51
leukotriene b40low10
etretinate0low10
isotretinoin0low50
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low40
naltrexone0low10
phosphorus0low10
maxacalcitol0low10
dizocilpine maleate0low10
involucrin0low10
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination0low10
podophyllin0low10
acid phosphatase0low20
jaw0low10
nad0low10
cytochrome c-t0low10
menotropins0low10
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination0low10
mannans0low10
calcipotriene0medium31
ascorbic acid0low10
epidermal growth factor0low10
1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin d30low10
vitamin b 120low10

Protein Targets (950)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, Beta-lactamase120012
Chain A, HADH2 protein9009
Chain B, HADH2 protein9009
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A6006
Chain A, Cruzipain8008
Luciferase120012
acid sphingomyelinase3003
pregnane X receptor8008
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit140014
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma270027
SMAD family member 2110011
ATAD5 protein, partial130013
SMAD family member 3110011
TDP1 protein270027
GLI family zinc finger 3240024
AR protein340034
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA15005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)7007
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor100010
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)170017
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3210021
progesterone receptor160016
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]280028
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1290029
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha190019
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha330033
farnesoid X nuclear receptor200020
pregnane X nuclear receptor240024
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha390039
glucocerebrosidase4004
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B8008
P531001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta180018
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma180018
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor190019
IDH1100010
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2220022
aryl hydrocarbon receptor140014
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a200020
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor110011
activating transcription factor 6130013
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a140014
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)140014
Caspase-75005
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a2002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 16006
chromobox protein homolog 1150015
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a120012
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor5005
caspase-35005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2240024
heat shock protein beta-1130013
mitogen-activated protein kinase 16006
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 12002
ras-related protein Rab-9A3003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1290029
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor5005
plasminogen precursor5005
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor5005
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1130013
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I4004
geminin290029
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1100010
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor5005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi101213
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit160016
Cellular tumor antigen p53280028
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2101213
Glutamate receptor 2160016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6101213
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma121114
Caspase-73003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3101213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2101213
GABA theta subunit101213
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5100010
Ataxin-2110011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon101213
peripheral myelin protein 22190019
lamin isoform A-delta10180018
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE8008
USP1 protein, partial180018
EWS/FLI fusion protein8009
Histone H2A.x9009
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 18008
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3017017
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4017018
Bile salt export pump026026
60 kDa chaperonin0505
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0339
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0505
Retinoic acid receptor beta0339
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0339
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic0101
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Spike glycoprotein100010
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0505
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0505
60 kDa chaperonin 0505
10 kDa chaperonin 0505
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1017017
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase7007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-10101
Glutamate receptor 10101
Glutamate receptor 20101
Glutamate receptor 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Solute carrier family 15 member 10303
Glutamate receptor 40101
Solute carrier family 15 member 10202
Solute carrier family 15 member 20202
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE120012
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase8008
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 16006
DNA polymerase eta isoform 14004
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)9009
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 18008
Bile salt export pump0404
Beta-lactamase SHV-10002
Beta-lactamase SHV-10002
Cytochrome P450 2C9 08211
Beta-lactamase0002
Kappa-type opioid receptor0216
Cytochrome P450 2J20606
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
15-lipoxygenase, partial5005
Microtubule-associated protein tau110011
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1130013
core protein, partial0101
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA140014
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform 90101
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 15005
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a3003
snurportin-15005
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 14004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 17007
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 14105
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0303
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 173003
5-lipoxygenase 0101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
Chain A, ADIPOCYTE LIPID-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN0022
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN0022
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q13003
phosphopantetheinyl transferase8008
thioredoxin glutathione reductase7007
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a5005
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10202
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B3003
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0203
Trypsin0202
Coagulation factor VII0202
Aromatase0304
Tissue factor0303
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte0314
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20517
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20033
Histamine H2 receptor4004
Calmodulin 0001
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20203
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Fatty acid-binding protein 50202
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0303
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30204
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10305
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
thioredoxin reductase150015
NFKB1 protein, partial3003
GLS protein6006
alpha-galactosidase3003
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
flap endonuclease 14004
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
lethal factor (plasmid)8008
Cytochrome P450 3A406110
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0002
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0102
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0304
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0013
Cationic amino acid transporter 30202
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated0101
acetylcholinesterase7007
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4150015
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2110011
Polyphenol oxidase 20204
Pancreatic alpha-amylase0202
Albumin0101
Urease0101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10001
Tyrosinase0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor08211
Hyaluronate lyase0101
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN20001
Egl nine homolog 10001
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN30001
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor0001
Solute carrier family 23 member 10101
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 25005
galanin receptor type 30101
Glucocorticoid receptor09217
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10808
Glycine receptor subunit beta0808
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20808
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30808
ORF730011
Chain A, Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain7007
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
PPM1D protein4004
Interferon beta130013
Vitamin D-binding protein0011
Cytochrome P450 1A20214
Androgen receptor06210
Cytochrome P450 2D60618
Vitamin D3 receptor0135
Vitamin D3 receptor0113
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0257
Cytochrome P450 2C190314
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0011
Vitamin D3 receptor0112
Transporter0101
Vitamin D3 receptor A0022
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10101
General amino-acid permease GAP10001
interleukin 86006
endonuclease IV1001
PAX80001
Fumarate hydratase5005
Thrombopoietin1001
Smad36006
polyprotein5005
67.9K protein3003
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 10101
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
steroidogenic factor 10101
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 15005
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A3003
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0213
Tubulin beta chain0213
Plasma kallikrein0104
Tubulin beta-4A chain0225
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Tubulin beta chain0225
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10708
Tubulin alpha-3C chain0225
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Tubulin alpha-1B chain0225
Tubulin alpha-4A chain0225
Tubulin beta-4B chain0225
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Tubulin beta-3 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2A chain0225
Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein0011
Tubulin beta-8 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2B chain0202
Tubulin alpha-3E chain0225
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0225
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
CREB-binding protein1102
Tubulin alpha-1C chain0225
Tubulin beta-6 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2B chain0225
Tubulin beta-1 chain0225
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein1001
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
Nrf21001
alkaline phosphatase, intestinal0101
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease4004
PINK12002
Parkin4004
toll-like receptor 90101
caspase-34004
TPA: protein transporter TIM100101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor4004
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein0101
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX122002
perilipin-50101
intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor0101
perilipin-10101
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d8008
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 34004
huntingtin isoform 22002
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
DNA polymerase beta3003
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor3003
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein1001
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a0101
alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein0101
hypothetical protein SA14220101
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a1001
Prostaglandin E synthase0101
Histone deacetylase 30101
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0101
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Phospholipase A20101
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10202
Amyloid-beta precursor protein1305
Integrin beta-33003
Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Cholinesterase0202
Heme oxygenase 1 0202
Integrin alpha-IIb3003
Glutathione S-transferase P0202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0213
Microtubule-associated protein tau0102
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 0101
Aminopeptidase N0101
Aminopeptidase N0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor012113
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 20202
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0303
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Acetylcholinesterase0505
Heme oxygenase 20202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0415
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0101
Proteasome subunit beta type-50101
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 20101
Alpha-synuclein4318
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor012113
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Histone deacetylase 40101
Beta-secretase 10101
Cholinesterase0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Lactoylglutathione lyase0101
Histone acetyltransferase p3000101
TAR DNA-binding protein 435005
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 10101
Histone deacetylase 10202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40112
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0112
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20011
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0101
Thioredoxin reductase 30101
Sortase A0101
Histone deacetylase 70101
Histone deacetylase 20202
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 30202
Cysteine protease 0101
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
Histone deacetylase 80213
Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial0101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10202
Histone deacetylase 60101
Histone deacetylase 90101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20102
Histone deacetylase 50101
Lymphocyte antigen 960011
Beta lactamase (plasmid)0101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 35005
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein0011
Chain A, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin0011
glp-1 receptor, partial7007
Sex hormone-binding globulin0112
Progesterone receptor0101
Progesterone receptor0315
Glucocorticoid receptor0213
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0303
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0314
Sex hormone-binding globulin0101
Androgen receptor0516
Androgen receptor0112
Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 30101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0011
Cannabinoid receptor 20101
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 10011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0101
Neuropeptide FF receptor 20001
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0103
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0103
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0103
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0103
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0103
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0103
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0103
G6006
cytochrome P450 2D66006
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 13003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4010010
Epidermal growth factor receptor0303
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 6006
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20303
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0303
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10808
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20718
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50404
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor09212
Adenosine receptor A3011112
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10718
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0819
D(2) dopamine receptor0516
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0528
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30718
Substance-K receptor0606
D(1A) dopamine receptor0516
D(4) dopamine receptor0404
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0808
Histamine H2 receptor0606
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0618
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0819
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C010111
Adenosine receptor A2a0204
Histamine H1 receptor0112
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0808
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0225
Histamine H1 receptor0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0113
D(3) dopamine receptor0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B012113
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60819
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0606
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20404
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 16006
Histamine H4 receptor0101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial6006
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 20101
Chymotrypsinogen A0202
Beta-lactamase0101
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0101
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0415
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0517
Cannabinoid receptor 10202
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Substance-P receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0404
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10202
Adenosine receptor A2a0718
Adenosine receptor A10404
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Mu-type opioid receptor05310
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0101
Delta-type opioid receptor05310
Kappa-type opioid receptor05210
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 20202
Cytochrome P450 1440011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Cytochrome P450 1300011
Cytochrome P450 1300011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Mycocyclosin synthase0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20202
Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 10101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10808
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
Estrogen receptor0404
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10303
C-8 sterol isomerase0202
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0202
Motilin receptor0011
low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoform c0101
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK15005
streptokinase A precursor0011
Motilin receptor0112
30S ribosomal protein S60213
30S ribosomal protein S70213
50S ribosomal protein L150213
Albumin0123
50S ribosomal protein L100213
50S ribosomal protein L110213
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120213
50S ribosomal protein L190213
50S ribosomal protein L10213
50S ribosomal protein L200213
50S ribosomal protein L270213
50S ribosomal protein L280213
50S ribosomal protein L290213
50S ribosomal protein L310213
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0213
50S ribosomal protein L320213
50S ribosomal protein L330213
50S ribosomal protein L340213
50S ribosomal protein L350213
50S ribosomal protein L360213
30S ribosomal protein S100213
30S ribosomal protein S110213
30S ribosomal protein S120213
30S ribosomal protein S130213
30S ribosomal protein S160213
30S ribosomal protein S180213
30S ribosomal protein S190213
30S ribosomal protein S200213
30S ribosomal protein S20213
30S ribosomal protein S30213
30S ribosomal protein S40213
30S ribosomal protein S50213
30S ribosomal protein S80213
30S ribosomal protein S90213
50S ribosomal protein L130213
50S ribosomal protein L140213
50S ribosomal protein L160213
50S ribosomal protein L230213
30S ribosomal protein S150213
50S ribosomal protein L170213
50S ribosomal protein L210213
50S ribosomal protein L300213
50S ribosomal protein L60213
30S ribosomal protein S140213
30S ribosomal protein S170213
30S ribosomal protein S10213
50S ribosomal protein L180213
Chitinase B0101
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
50S ribosomal protein L20213
50S ribosomal protein L30213
50S ribosomal protein L240213
50S ribosomal protein L40213
50S ribosomal protein L220213
50S ribosomal protein L50213
30S ribosomal protein S210213
50S ribosomal protein L250213
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20213
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Menin0011
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase0101
Lethal factor0101
Protein Rev 0011
Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase 0001
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 10305
Carbonic anhydrase 20316
Carbonic anhydrase 40204
Carbonic anhydrase 60204
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10123
Cytochrome P450 2C80102
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit0112
Breakpoint cluster region protein0011
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha0112
Cytochrome P450 3A50001
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase0101
Toll-like receptor 80011
Toll-like receptor 70011
regulator of G-protein signaling 44004
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
Ornithine decarboxylase0002
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0224
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0224
Retinoic acid receptor beta0224
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20022
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10202
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10203
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10022
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 42002
Olfactory receptor 51E20112
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10202
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Secreted chorismate mutase0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 80124
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 80011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
dopamine D1 receptor1001
ClpP1001
Thymidylate synthase 0101
Thymidylate synthase 0101
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0202
survival motor neuron protein isoform d3003
M-phase phosphoprotein 82002
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0304
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Thymidylate synthase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Thymidylate synthase0203
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0102
High mobility group protein B10022
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0224
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Folate receptor beta0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Histidine decarboxylase0112
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0001
Delta-type opioid receptor0314
Mu-type opioid receptor0314
Kappa-type opioid receptor0314
Reduced folate transporter0202
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30003
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Pteridine reductase 10101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60203
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200202
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
Multidrug resistance associated protein0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0102
Delta-type opioid receptor0214
Kappa-type opioid receptor0213
Nociceptin receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0103
Hormone-sensitive lipase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C40101
Adenosine receptor A10103
Caspase-10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0102
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Caspase-30101
Caspase-40101
Caspase-50101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Caspase-90101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0102
Chain A, Adipocyte Lipid-binding Protein0011
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A10011
putative potassium channel subunit0011
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 10011
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0011
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
DNA topoisomerase 10101
Protein kinase C alpha type0001
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10204
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta0001
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha2013
Chain A, Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase0101
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partial0101
GALC protein2002
nonstructural protein 12002
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20101
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 140101
Thermolysin0203
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Botulinum neurotoxin type A 0101
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
Methionine aminopeptidase 20101
Methionine aminopeptidase 10101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
G-protein coupled receptor 840011
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0101
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Carbonic anhydrase 120103
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30103
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme 0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
5'-nucleotidase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0103
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase 70103
Carbonic anhydrase0002
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP0101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10203
SLC16A10 protein0002
Carbonic anhydrase 90103
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Monocarboxylate transporter 100002
Carbonic anhydrase 150103
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
Carbonic anhydrase 140103
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0103
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
Vpr1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Beta-lactamase OXA-70001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Class D beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-b-lactamase 0001
BlaVIM-1 0001
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0001
Histamine H3 receptor0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0001
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0001
luciferase0001
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Glutamine synthetase0011
Nociceptin receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0113
arylsulfatase A2002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0213
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0203
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0214
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0011
Endothelin-1 receptor0112
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70112
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0113
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
Chain A, PUTRESCINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE ALPHA CHAIN0101
Chain B, S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE BETA CHAIN0101
Chain A, S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE ALPHA CHAIN0101
Chain B, S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE BETA CHAIN0101
Ornithine decarboxylase0102
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A 0101
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme0001
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0101
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Estrogen receptor0001
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor0101
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0202
Insulin receptor 0101
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0101
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10112
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20101
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
Squalene monooxygenase 0101
Squalene monooxygenase0202
Thymidine kinase 0102
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0204
Thymidine kinase0102
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Thymidylate kinase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic 0002
Thymidine kinase0001
Thymidylate kinase0101
Thymidine kinase 0102
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Thymidine kinase0001
Thymidine kinase0001
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10022
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10022
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40103
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50002
Transthyretin0103
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0235
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0235
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen0202
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0044
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10102
Monocarboxylate transporter 80001
Bile acid receptor0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10001
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10213
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Prothrombin0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE0011
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase0101
Taste receptor type 2 member 140001
Urease subunit alpha0101
Urease subunit beta0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]