Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Acropachy, Hereditary

A condition chiefly characterized by thickening of the skin of the head and distal extremities, deep folds and furrows of the skin of the forehead, cheeks, and scalp, SEBORRHEA; HYPERHIDROSIS; periostosis of the long bones, digital clubbing, and spadelike enlargement of the hands and feet. It is more prevalent in the male, and is usually first evident during adolescence. Inheritance is primarily autosomal recessive, but an autosomal dominant form exists.

Synonyms(15)

Synonym
Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, Autosomal Dominant
Cranioosteoarthropathy
Touraine-Solente-Gole Syndrome
Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Pachydermoperiostosis, Autosomal Recessive
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, Primary, Autosomal Dominant
Digital Clubbing, Isolated Congenital
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Pachydermoperiostosis, Autosomal Dominant
Clubbing of Digits
Acropachy, Hereditary
Pachydermoperiostosis
Familial Idiopathic Osteoarthropathy Of Childhood
Currarino Idiopathic Osteoarthropathy

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare osteo-cutaneous disease characterized by hypertrophy of bones and surrounding soft tissues."( Bianchi, L; Carrozzo, AM; Iraci, S; Lubrano, C; Nini, G; Spera, G; Tomassoli, M, 1995)
"Pachydermoperiostosis is manifested by finger clubbing, hypertrophic skin changes, and periosteal bone formation."( Chastanet, P; Cortet, B; Cotten, A; Delcambre, B; Deprez, X; Flipo, RM; Guyot-Drouot, MH; Solau-Gervais, E, 2000)
"Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a rare syndrome, characterized by clubbing, progressive enlargement of the joints, coarse facial features suggesting acromegaly, palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, fibrous covering at the ends of long bones (periostosis), and acro-osteolysis."( Kalyoncu, M; Mungan, I; Okten, A; Orbak, Z, 2007)
"Three variants of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy are distinguished: pachydermoperiostosis, which shows as additional symptom pachydermia; cranio-osteoarthropathy, which has a decreased neurocranium ossification as additional feature; and a secondary form."( Bennett, C; Dabir, T; Hall, CM; Hennekam, RCM; Sills, AM; Wilson, LC, 2007)
"Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare clinical entity characterized by skin thickening of the forehead, eyelids, and hands, digital clubbing, and periostosis."( Costa, MM; Fonseca, JE; Gaião, L; Janeiro, A; Madruga Dias, JA; Miltenberger-Miltenyi, G; Pereira da Silva, JA; Perpétuo, I; Rodrigues, AM; Rosa, RS, 2014)
"Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare genetic disease known as primary or idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA)/Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome."( Field, AY; Fleming, JC; Hlaing, SS; Mattis, AC; Mowatt, LL; Nelson, CC; Noguera, CM; Palmer, GL; Yee, HL, 2023)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"We report a case of pachydermoperiostosis with arthralgia, acroosteolysis, and recurrent staphylococcal folliculitis of the face, treated with colchicine (0."( Fattorini, L; Gerini, G; Lombardi, A; Lotti, T; Matucci-Cerinic, M; Petrini, N; Pignone, A, 1988)

Research

Studies (147)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199047 (31.97)23.3326
1990's24 (16.33)12.5806
2000's22 (14.97)18.1394
2010's41 (27.89)28.8240
2020's13 (8.84)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
chlorine0low10
salicylic acid0low80
uric acid0low20
urea0low10
aspirin0low20
azathioprine0low20
celecoxib0low10
etidronate0low20
etodolac0low10
hydroxychloroquine0low10
hydroxyurea0low10
ibuprofen0low10
indomethacin0low10
pamidronate0low30
propranolol0low10
sodium fluoride0low10
risedronic acid0low10
sulfasalazine0low20
tazarotene0low10
krypton0low10
prednisolone0low60
estriol0low10
aldosterone0low10
prednisone0low40
estrone0low10
colchicine0low30
technetium0low50
fluorine0low20
trolamine salicylate0medium171
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low20
zoledronic acid0low10
voriconazole0low10
mk 06630medium61
methotrexate0low20
7-hydroxy-5,11-dioxotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid0low20
organophosphonates0low10
bortezomib0low10
bradykinin0low20
retinol0low20
glycosides0low10
pyrophosphate0low20
tamoxifen0low20
17-ketosteroids0low20
dinoprostone0medium211
isotretinoin0medium21
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low20
morphine0low10
gallium0low10
technetium tc 99m pyrophosphate0low20
beta-escin0low10
pituitrin0low10
acid phosphatase0low10
gastrins0low10
endothelin-10low10
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m0low10
cardiovascular agents0low10
chondroitin0low10
epidermal growth factor0low20
transforming growth factor beta0low30
cyclin d10low10
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid0low10
cyclosporine0low10
technetium tc 99m medronate0low20
eye0low10

Protein Targets (837)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
AR protein240024
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]200020
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a6006
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 28008
geminin190019
Sex hormone-binding globulin0033
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0404
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0336
Androgen receptor011011
Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10304
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE6006
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE5005
Chain A, Phospholipase A2 isoform 30011
Chain A, HADH2 protein4004
Chain B, HADH2 protein4004
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase5005
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0022
ras protein, partial0022
interleukin 85005
thioredoxin reductase110011
GLS protein3003
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1100010
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor8008
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 49009
EWS/FLI fusion protein130013
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1180018
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha230023
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha270027
cytochrome P450 2D64004
glucocerebrosidase5005
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta120012
Rac1 protein0022
IDH1100010
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0022
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2140014
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 18008
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 15005
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)9009
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 14004
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
lethal factor (plasmid)4004
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0202
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3019019
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4019021
Solute carrier family 22 member 60505
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0405
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0405
Bile salt export pump027027
Epidermal growth factor receptor0404
Carbonic anhydrase 1013013
Carbonic anhydrase 2014116
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0303
Integrin beta-32103
Myeloperoxidase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10708
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10202
Integrin alpha-IIb2103
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 109010
Adenosine receptor A10404
Adenosine receptor A2a0303
Substance-P receptor0303
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2012215
Urotensin-2 receptor0202
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0202
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma7007
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-183112
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20808
Rho-associated protein kinase 20202
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0303
Solute carrier family 22 member 200505
Solute carrier family 22 member 60505
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1018018
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10617
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain5005
acetylcholinesterase9009
phosphopantetheinyl transferase4004
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma160016
SMAD family member 28008
ATAD5 protein, partial6006
Fumarate hydratase6006
SMAD family member 38008
TDP1 protein190019
GLI family zinc finger 3150015
Microtubule-associated protein tau7007
thioredoxin glutathione reductase3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3120012
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha180018
farnesoid X nuclear receptor120012
pregnane X nuclear receptor150015
G8008
polyprotein6006
P531001
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma140014
arylsulfatase A5005
aryl hydrocarbon receptor6006
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a110011
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor9009
activating transcription factor 67007
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)7007
Histone H2A.x100010
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 16006
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a4004
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2140014
heat shock protein beta-17007
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1170017
peripheral myelin protein 22100010
survival motor neuron protein isoform d3003
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 18008
M-phase phosphoprotein 84004
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 16006
lamin isoform A-delta10180018
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi81110
Bile salt export pump0606
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit120012
Interferon beta120012
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 8008
Cellular tumor antigen p53160016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-181110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta81110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-281110
Glutamate receptor 2120012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-581110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-381110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-181110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-281110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-481110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-381110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-681110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-381110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-281110
GABA theta subunit81110
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 18008
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 58008
Ataxin-29009
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon81110
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40202
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial8008
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 0101
Protease 0101
Chain H, Proteasome component PUP10101
Chain I, Proteasome component PUP30101
Chain K, Proteasome component PRE20101
Chain L, Proteasome component C50101
Chain K, Proteasome component PRE20101
Chain L, Proteasome component C50101
Proteasome subunit beta type-110101
PPM1D protein5005
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease4004
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)120012
progesterone receptor120012
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor130013
caspase-34004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 25005
Caspase-74004
caspase-34004
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 110101
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 120101
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 140101
Proteasome subunit alpha type-70101
Histone deacetylase 30202
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 30101
Carbonic anhydrase 120404
Prothrombin0101
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30303
Cathepsin B0101
Neutrophil elastase0101
Cathepsin G0202
Lysosomal protective protein0101
Chymotrypsinogen B0101
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A0101
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit0101
Proteasome subunit beta type-10102
Carbonic anhydrase 40505
Carbonic anhydrase 60303
Chymase0101
Proteasome subunit alpha type-10101
Proteasome subunit alpha type-20101
Proteasome subunit alpha type-30101
Proteasome subunit alpha type-40101
Proteasome subunit beta type-80101
Proteasome subunit beta type-80101
Proteasome subunit beta type-90101
Proteasome subunit alpha type-50101
Proteasome subunit beta type-40101
Proteasome subunit beta type-60101
Proteasome subunit beta type-50203
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0404
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 70101
Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial0101
Proteasome subunit beta type-100101
Carbonic anhydrase 70303
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B0101
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 80101
Proteasome subunit beta type-30101
Proteasome subunit beta type-20102
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 70101
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 40101
26S proteasome complex subunit SEM10101
Proteasome subunit alpha type-60101
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 40101
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 80101
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B0101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10202
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit 0101
Transcription factor p650101
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 20101
Histone deacetylase 10202
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 60101
Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM10101
Carbonic anhydrase 90607
ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit0112
Carbonic anhydrase 130202
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
Proteasome subunit alpha-type 80101
Histone deacetylase 20202
Proteasome subunit beta type-70101
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 150404
Histone deacetylase 80202
Histone deacetylase 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 140404
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 130101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0303
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 15005
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0001
B2 bradykinin receptor0101
B2 bradykinin receptor0417
B1 bradykinin receptor0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20134
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II0101
Chain A, Cruzipain5005
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
pregnane X receptor4004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit7007
USP1 protein, partial9009
Smad32002
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
67.9K protein7007
Carbonic anhydrase0101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a5005
interferon gamma precursor0002
prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype1002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d4004
Prostaglandin E synthase0202
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 10101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 10101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20101
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20202
Procathepsin L0224
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10404
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41203
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0202
Quinolone resistance protein NorA0101
Adenosine receptor A30718
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0707
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21203
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0617
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0718
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0719
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0517
D(1A) dopamine receptor0516
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10303
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0404
Cruzipain0101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter010010
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0112
Delta-type opioid receptor0203
Delta-type opioid receptor0416
Mu-type opioid receptor05210
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0304
Carbonic anhydrase0404
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0718
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Histone deacetylase 40101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0516
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0404
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20304
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140303
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20202
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0304
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Cyclooxygenase-2 0101
Histone deacetylase 70101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 42002
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
P2Y purinoceptor 120202
Histone deacetylase 90101
Histone deacetylase 50101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Beta-lactamase OXA-70001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Beta-lactamase TEM0101
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Efflux transporter 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Metallo-b-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0001
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
Luciferase6006
endonuclease IV2002
PAX80001
Thrombopoietin1001
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 13003
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 10101
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor3003
chromobox protein homolog 18008
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
flap endonuclease 13003
ras-related protein Rab-9A3003
steroidogenic factor 10101
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor2002
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A2002
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0213
Tubulin beta chain0213
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tubulin beta-4A chain0225
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Tubulin beta chain0225
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB107210
Cytochrome P450 3A40527
Tubulin alpha-3C chain0225
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Histamine H2 receptor4004
Tubulin alpha-1B chain0225
Tubulin alpha-4A chain0225
Tubulin beta-4B chain0225
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Tubulin beta-3 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2A chain0225
Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein0011
Tubulin beta-8 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2B chain0202
Tubulin alpha-3E chain0225
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0225
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
CREB-binding protein1001
Tubulin alpha-1C chain0225
Tubulin beta-6 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2B chain0225
Tubulin beta-1 chain0225
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase4004
regulator of G-protein signaling 43003
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA9009
mitogen-activated protein kinase 14004
Solute carrier family 22 member 20001
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0203
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50001
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0213
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0213
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0213
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0213
Prostacyclin receptor0213
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60407
Solute carrier family 22 member 70003
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Solute carrier family 22 member 80406
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20001
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Endothelin-1 receptor0213
Estrogen receptor08212
Glucocorticoid receptor08215
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10808
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70002
Glycine receptor subunit beta0808
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20808
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30808
Alpha-synuclein1304
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100001
NFKB1 protein, partial4004
GALC protein2002
nonstructural protein 13003
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor3003
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 32002
Steryl-sulfatase0101
Aromatase0101
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10203
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0819
Inositol monophosphatase 12002
TAR DNA-binding protein 434004
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Estrogen receptor beta0528
Ghrelin O-acyltransferase0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20203
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A3003
acid sphingomyelinase2002
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA13003
Type IV secretion-like conjugative transfer relaxase protein TraI 0101
15-lipoxygenase, partial3003
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
Dihydrofolate reductase0405
Genome polyprotein 0101
Spike glycoprotein0022
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0033
Transmembrane protease serine 20022
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20516
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50303
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0438
Replicase polyprotein 1a0022
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0022
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10415
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0225
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30415
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0416
Spike glycoprotein4026
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20707
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0022
Toll-like receptor 90101
Toll-like receptor 70101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Stromelysin-10022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Urease subunit alpha0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Urease subunit beta0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 33003
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 12002
snurportin-12002
Acid-sensing ion channel 30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Albumin0336
Albumin0101
Albumin0011
Cholinesterase0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0204
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Caspase-10203
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30002
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30303
Caspase-30101
Caspase-40101
Cytochrome P450 2J20404
Caspase-50101
Caspase-90101
Acid-sensing ion channel 10101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
Chain A, membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase-20101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)5005
Parkin2002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 13003
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 14004
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0404
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme0101
Interleukin-80101
Androgen receptor0213
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C40101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Thromboxane-A synthase 0303
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0102
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 30101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30102
Lactoylglutathione lyase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30405
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma0101
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 20112
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10404
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 12002
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0101
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0101
Retinoic acid receptor beta0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10202
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
dopamine D1 receptor1001
ClpP1001
Thymidylate synthase 0101
alpha-galactosidase1001
Thymidylate synthase 0101
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
DNA polymerase beta1001
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Thymidylate synthase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Thymidylate synthase0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0102
High mobility group protein B10022
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0224
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Folate receptor beta0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Histidine decarboxylase0112
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0303
Kappa-type opioid receptor0315
Reduced folate transporter0202
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Caspase-71001
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Pteridine reductase 10101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
Multidrug resistance associated protein0102
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Thioredoxin reductase 0101
Flavodoxin0001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
Opioid receptor, delta 1b 0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Opioid receptor homologue0101
Acyl-CoA desaturase 10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Translocator protein0011
Proteinase-activated receptor 10112
Kappa-type opioid receptor0214
Mu-type opioid receptor0528
Delta-type opioid receptor0528
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0528
Mu-type opioid receptor0215
Nociceptin receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0214
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20011
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0506
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase0606
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0505
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
Vpr1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
luciferase0001
Progesterone receptor0304
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Glutamine synthetase0011
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Nociceptin receptor0011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0113
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40404
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0213
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0203
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
D(2) dopamine receptor0314
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0214
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0112
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0404
Adenosine receptor A2a0314
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70112
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0124
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0012
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60415
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0202
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
Chain A, dATP pyrophosphohydrolase0101
Chain A, Adenylate cyclase type 50101
Chain B, Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 172002
Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A10023
4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase0101
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase0101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0202
H0202
Phosphotransferase 0101
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
Polyphenol oxidase 20102
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
Eyes absent homolog 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Chain A, Glutathione S-transferase0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
Tumor necrosis factor0011
Interstitial collagenase0101
Fibroblast growth factor 10011
Flavin reductase (NADPH)0011
Cystine/glutamate transporter0101
Chain A, CES1 protein0101
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
streptokinase A precursor0011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D30101
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase0011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Estrogen receptor0012
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Steroid hormone receptor ERR10101
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Cytochrome P450 2B60202
Substance-K receptor0202
D(4) dopamine receptor0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Substance-P receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A10202
Melanocortin receptor 40202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Protein kinase C iota type0101
Melanocortin receptor 30202
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
Estrogen-related receptor gamma0101
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Phospholipase D1 0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C theta type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform0101
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase0101
Phospholipase D10101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0213
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D10101
Estrogen receptor beta0012
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Emopamil-binding protein-like0101
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase0112
Protein kinase C theta type0101
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0011
Retinoic acid receptor beta0011
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 90112
Guanine deaminase0101
Sterol 14-alpha-demethylase0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Cytochrome P450 1440011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase0213
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Neutrophil collagenase0101
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-140101
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]