manidipine profile

Manidipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class, used to treat hypertension. It was first synthesized in the 1980s and is characterized by its high selectivity for vascular smooth muscle calcium channels, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. Manidipine is known for its long-acting properties and is typically administered once daily. Studies have shown that manidipine is effective in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular outcomes. It is also associated with fewer side effects compared to other calcium channel blockers. Research into manidipine focuses on its efficacy in treating hypertension, its impact on cardiovascular risk factors, and its potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular events. '

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	4008
CHEMBL ID	312176
CHEBI ID	135849
SCHEMBL ID	49368
MeSH ID	M0153214

Synonym
CHEMBL312176 ,
AB01274741-01
AB01274741-03
artedil
iperten
manidipine
3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-, 2-(4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl methyl ester
2-(4-diphenylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate
franidipine
89226-50-6
manidipine 6300
CHEBI:135849
HMS2089K12
manidipine (inn)
artedil (tn)
120092-68-4
D08155
2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
(+)-manidipine-d4
5-o-[2-(4-benzhydrylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl] 3-o-methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
A804429
2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid o5-[2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl] ester o3-methyl ester
AKOS003589070
NCGC00167493-03
NCGC00167493-02
HMS3264H11
MLS004774156
smr003500793
STK635322
BCP9000919
BCP9000893
FT-0670939
FT-0670936
FT-0670937
unii-6o4754us88
6o4754us88 ,
manidipine 6300 [inn]
manidipine [inn]
3-(2-(4-benzhydrylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl) 5-methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
FT-0631098
3-{2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl} 5-methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
S2481
2-(4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl methyl (+/-)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinecarboxylate
3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-, 3-(2-(4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl) 5-methyl ester
manidipine [who-dd]
(+/-)-manidipine
manidipine [mi]
CCG-213069
HY-B0419
ANEBWFXPVPTEET-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SCHEMBL49368
AB01274741-02
DTXSID2043745
MLS006011791
DS-1275
AB01274741_05
AB01274741_04
manidipine(cv-4093)
mfcd00871291
SR-05000002134-1
sr-05000002134
HMS3656C06
SW219347-1
DB09238
FT-0670940
FT-0670938
manidipine (manyper)
bdbm50227969
Q921133
BRD-A90695733-001-01-7
HMS3884D21
gtpl11739
cv 4093;cv-4093;cv4093;franidipine;89226-50-6
BCP21717
A861268
3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-, 3-[2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl] 5-methyl ester
SY112666
AKOS016842350
3-(2-(4-benzhydrylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)5-methyl2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl methyl ester
3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid,1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-,2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl methyl ester, (a+/-)-

Research Excerpts

Overview

Manidipine is a dihydropiridine calcium channel blocker with reported nephroprotective activities, but no information is available on its effect on OxSt and related mechanisms. It causes systemic vasodilation by inhibiting the voltage-dependent calcium inward currents in smooth muscle cells.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Manidipine is a dihydropiridine calcium channel blocker with reported nephroprotective activities, but no information is available on its effect on OxSt and related mechanisms."	( Effect of manidipine on gene expression and protein level of oxidative stress-related proteins: p22phox and HO-1: relevance for antihypertensive and anti-remodeling effects. Calò, LA; Davis, PA; Pagnin, E; Pessina, AC; Semplicini, A; Zaghetto, F, 2004)	1.45
"Manidipine is a lipophilic, third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist with a high degree of selectivity for the vasculature, thereby inducing marked peripheral vasodilation with negligible cardiodepression. "	( Manidipine: a review of its use in the management of hypertension. McKeage, K; Scott, LJ, 2004)	3.21
"Manidipine is a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, which causes systemic vasodilation by inhibiting the voltage-dependent calcium inward currents in smooth muscle cells. "	( Role of manidipine in the management of patients with hypertension. Casiglia, E; Mazza, A; Pessina, AC; Tikhonoff, V, 2004)	2.2
"Manidipine is a lipophilic, third-generation, highly vasoselective, dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonist, which, when given on a once-daily basis, effectively reduces blood pressure (BP) in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. "	( Antihypertensive effect of manidipine. Roca-Cusachs, A; Triposkiadis, F, 2005)	2.07
"Manidipine is a third-generation dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonist that blocks both L and T-type calcium channels."	( Renal protection in hypertensive patients: selection of antihypertensive therapy. Wenzel, RR, 2005)	1.05
"Manidipine plus delapril is a fixed-dose combination of a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which is effective in mild-to-moderately hypertensive patients with an inadequate response to monotherapy."	( Manidipine plus delapril in patients with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension: reducing cardiovascular risk and end-organ damage. Coca, A, 2007)	2.5
"Manidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, which causes systemic vasodilation by inhibiting the voltage-dependent calcium inward currents in smooth muscle cells. "	( Manidipine: a review of its use in hypertension. Cheer, SM; McClellan, K, 2001)	3.2
"Manidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, which causes systemic vasodilation by inhibiting the voltage-dependent calcium inward currents in smooth muscle cells."	( Manidipine: a review of its use in hypertension. Cheer, SM; McClellan, K, 2001)	2.47
"Manidipine is an adequate, highly effective, exempt of metabolic effects and safe option for treatment of stage I and II essential hypertensive patients with overweight or android obesity."	( [Manidipine in the treatment of stage I and II essential hypertension patients with overweight or android obesity. A Brazilian multicentre study of efficacy, tolerability and metabolic effects]. Kohlmann, O; Ribeiro, AB, 2001)	2.66

Effects

Manidipine has a gradual onset and a long duration of action, effectively maintaining reduced BP levels throughout the 24-hour dosing period. The drug is effective in the long term with no evidence of intolerance.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Manidipine has a gradual onset and a long duration of action, effectively maintaining reduced BP levels throughout the 24-hour dosing period, and is effective in the long term with no evidence of intolerance."	( Antihypertensive effect of manidipine. Roca-Cusachs, A; Triposkiadis, F, 2005)	1.35
"Manidipine has a gradual onset and a long duration of action, effectively maintaining reduced BP levels throughout the 24-hour dosing period, and is effective in the long term with no evidence of intolerance."	( Antihypertensive effect of manidipine. Roca-Cusachs, A; Triposkiadis, F, 2005)	1.35
"Manidipine has shown antihypertensive efficacy and appears to be well tolerated in adult and elderly patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension. "	( Manidipine: a review of its use in hypertension. Cheer, SM; McClellan, K, 2001)	3.2
"Manidipine has shown antihypertensive efficacy and appears to be well tolerated in adult and elderly patients with mild or mo"	( Manidipine: a review of its use in hypertension. Cheer, SM; McClellan, K, 2001)	3.2
"Manidipine has beneficial effects on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics at rest in patients with essential hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( The effect of manidipine on renal hemodynamics in essential hypertensive patients: responses to acute stress. Hara, K; Itou, S; Kawamura, H; Maki, M; Mitsubayashi, H; Suzuki, K; Usui, W; Yasugi, T, 1992)	1.37

Actions

The manidipine-induced increase of HO-1 gene and protein expression seems to be a peculiar effect of this drug since it is not observed with captopril and nifedipine. The drug did not produce any significant alteration in plasma renin activity or in the plasma aldosterone concentration.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The manidipine-induced increase of HO-1 gene and protein expression seems to be a peculiar effect of this drug since it is not observed with captopril and nifedipine."	( Effect of manidipine on gene expression and protein level of oxidative stress-related proteins: p22phox and HO-1: relevance for antihypertensive and anti-remodeling effects. Calò, LA; Davis, PA; Pagnin, E; Pessina, AC; Semplicini, A; Zaghetto, F, 2004)	1.21
"Manidipine did not produce any significant alteration in plasma renin activity or in the plasma aldosterone concentration."	( Renal effects of manidipine hydrochloride. A new calcium antagonist in hypertensive patients. Ise, T; Kobayashi, K; Ohta, H; Ohta, K; Sasaki, T; Satoh, S; Takabatake, T, 1993)	1.35

Treatment

Manidipine treatment for 3 months significantly improved SI in group A from 3.35 +/- 0.61 (x 10(-4) min-1 microU-1 ml-1) to 4.70 +/- 1.34 (P < 0.05) Treatment with manidsipine hydrochloride (once a day at 3 mg/kg) began 1 day before minipump implantation and continued until the end of the experiments.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Manidipine-treated groups 3 to 5 had significantly less proteinuria than group 2."	( Effects of a calcium antagonist, manidipine, on progressive renal injury associated with mild hypertension in remnant kidneys. Hishida, A; Kobayashi, S, 1995)	1.29
"Manidipine treatment for 3 months significantly improved SI in group A from 3.35 +/- 0.61 (x 10(-4) min-1 microU-1 ml-1) to 4.70 +/- 1.34 (P < 0.05)."	( Effect of manidipine and delapril on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients with essential hypertension. Akai, H; Hinokio, Y; Hirai, A; Hirai, M; Hirai, S; Kawasaki, H; Ohtomo, M; Onoda, M; Satoh, Y; Suzuki, S; Toyota, T, 1996)	1.42
"Manidipine treatment observed at a daily dose of 10 to 20 mg produced effective reduction in blood pressure during the course of the study."	( Effect of manidipine, a novel calcium channel blocker, on quality of life in hypertensive patients. Higashimori, K; Ishikawa, H; Kagoshima, T; Mikami, H; Nagano, M; Nakagawa, M; Nonaka, H; Ogihara, T; Sasaki, S; Takeda, K, 1992)	1.41
"Treatment with manidipine or delapril significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the hypertensive NIDDM patients."	( Effect of manidipine and delapril on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients with essential hypertension. Akai, H; Hinokio, Y; Hirai, A; Hirai, M; Hirai, S; Kawasaki, H; Ohtomo, M; Onoda, M; Satoh, Y; Suzuki, S; Toyota, T, 1996)	1.04
"Treatment with manidipine hydrochloride (once a day at 3 mg/kg) began 1 day before minipump implantation and continued until the end of the experiments (each group; n = 6)."	( Effect of manidipine hydrochloride, a calcium antagonist, on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. Akioka, K; Hanatani, A; Iwao, H; Kim, S; Omura, T; Takeuchi, K; Teragaki, M; Toda, I; Yoshikawa, J; Yoshiyama, M, 1998)	1.04
"Treatment with manidipine (3 mg/kg/day) or delapril (30 mg/kg/day) lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly (p < 0.01) (delta SBP; -73 mmHg or -67 mmHg, respectively)."	( Regulation of the gene expression of type-1 angiotensin II receptor in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hiwada, K; Iwata, T; Kitami, Y; Marumoto, K; Okura, T; Wakamiya, R, 1992)	0.62
"Treatment with manidipine at doses of 4.6 and 15.1 mg/kg/day inhibited thickening of the neo-intima in the balloon catheter-injured artery without any effect on blood pressure and lowered the ratio of intima to wall areas and wall to total vascular areas in a dose-dependent fashion."	( Effect of manidipine on balloon catheter-induced arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in spontaneously diabetic GK rats. Ikeda, H; Miki, N; Nagano, N; Nagaoka, A; Odaka, H, 1992)	1.03

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No severe adverse effects were encountered during therapy."	( Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of manidipine in hypertensive patients with renal disorders. Fukuchi, S; Haga, H; Mizuno, K; Takahashi, M; Watanabe, Y, 1992)	0.54
"3%) in the enalapril group experienced adverse events that were judged related to treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of delapril plus manidipine compared with enalapril plus hydrochlorothiazide in mild to moderate essential hypertension: results of a randomized trial. Cremonesi, G; Dobovisek, J; Fogari, R; Mugellini, A; Planinc, D, 2004)	0.6
" Safety and tolerability evaluations were based on adverse events, ECG and laboratory tests, and clinically relevant reports of abnormalities."	( Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of manidipine versus amlodipine in elderly subjects with isolated systolic hypertension: MAISH study. Alberici, M; Lembo, G; Payeras, AC; Sladek, K, 2007)	0.61
" There were 8 cases of adverse effects before substitution and 4 after substitution."	( [Evaluation of efficacy and safety of manidipine hydrochloride among essential hypertensive patients: Substitution from branded product (Calslot) to Generic Product (Manidip)]. Igari, Y; Imai, Y; Kobayashi, H; Obara, T; Ohkubo, T; Oikawa, T; Saito, S; Takahashi, M; Takahashi, N; Takahashi, T, 2007)	0.61
" Head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of 12 months minimum duration reporting comparative efficacy (changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and safety (total adverse events and ankle oedema), were included."	( Efficacy and safety profiles of manidipine compared with amlodipine: a meta-analysis of head-to-head trials. Laurent, S; Richy, FF, 2011)	0.65

Pharmacokinetics

Manidipine AUC and Cmax were lower (-8 and -12%) and t1/2 was longer (+45%), while delapril and metabolites were little affected as compared to single dose.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Tmax values pointed to reduced absorption rate in patients compared to healthy subjects; the changes were more evident in grade B than grade A patients, although statistical significance was not reached."	( Single dose pharmacokinetics of manidipine in hepatic impaired patients and healthy controls. Acerbi, D; Allemon, A; Deroubaix, X; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lens, S; Lins, RL; Poli, G; Stockis, A; Ventura, P, 1998)	0.58
"The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a fixed combination tablet containing 10 mg of manidipine dihydrochloride (CAS 89226-75-5), a calcium channel antagonist, and 30 mg of delapril hydrochloride (CAS 83435-67-0), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, during once daily repeated dosing in young and elderly subjects and to assess the bioequivalence of the fixed combination tablet and the single ingredient tablets taken simultaneously in young healthy subjects after a single dose administration."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new manidipine and delapril fixed oral combination in young and elderly subjects. Acerbi, D; De Bruyn, S; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.78
" At steady-state in young subjects, manidipine AUC and Cmax were lower (-8 and -12%) and t1/2 was longer (+45%), while delapril and metabolites were little affected as compared to single dose."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new manidipine and delapril fixed oral combination in young and elderly subjects. Acerbi, D; De Bruyn, S; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.86
" At steady-state, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in young and elderly subjects undergo minor changes and indicate negligible accumulation."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new manidipine and delapril fixed oral combination in young and elderly subjects. Acerbi, D; De Bruyn, S; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.58
"The objective of the study was to assess potential pharmacokinetic interactions between delapril, an angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitor, and manidipine, a calcium channel antagonist, prior to the development of a fixed combination drug product."	( Single oral dose pharmacokinetic interaction study of manidipine and delapril in healthy volunteers. Acerbi, D; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.77
" The inactive metabolite M2 underwent a 13% reduction of Cmax and AUC infinity."	( Single oral dose pharmacokinetic interaction study of manidipine and delapril in healthy volunteers. Acerbi, D; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.57
" The method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers."	( Determination and pharmacokinetics of manidipine in human plasma by HPLC/ESIMS. Chen, X; He, H; Jing, J; Ren, W; Sun, Y; Wang, G; Zhou, W; Zhu, X, 2007)	0.61

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"In patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome, manidipine, both alone and in combination with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril, is significantly superior to amlodipine for improving insulin sensitivity as well as several metabolic, inflammatory and prothrombotic markers."	( Effects of manidipine and its combination with an ACE inhibitor on insulin sensitivity and metabolic, inflammatory and prothrombotic markers in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: the MARCADOR study. Comi-Diaz, C; Macias-Batista, A; Martinez-Martin, FJ; Pedrianes-Martin, P; Rodriguez-Rosas, H; Soriano-Perera, P, 2011)	1.01

Bioavailability

Manidipine (MDP) is generally used clinically as an antihypertensive agent. The bioavailability of orally administered MDP is limited due to their very low water solubility.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Tmax values pointed to reduced absorption rate in patients compared to healthy subjects; the changes were more evident in grade B than grade A patients, although statistical significance was not reached."	( Single dose pharmacokinetics of manidipine in hepatic impaired patients and healthy controls. Acerbi, D; Allemon, A; Deroubaix, X; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lens, S; Lins, RL; Poli, G; Stockis, A; Ventura, P, 1998)	0.58
"The effect of food on the oral bioavailability of a manidipine 20 mg tablet was studied after a single administration in 12 male healthy subjects."	( Food effect on the oral bioavailability of Manidipine: single dose, randomized, crossover study in healthy male subjects. Acerbi, D; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lins, R; Poli, G; Rosillon, D; Stockis, A, )	0.64
"The bioavailability of manidipine and M-XIII was slightly decreased by concomitant administration of delapril (manidipine: Cmax-19% and AUC infinity-11% M-XIII: Cmax-17% and AUCt-18%)."	( Single oral dose pharmacokinetic interaction study of manidipine and delapril in healthy volunteers. Acerbi, D; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.88
"Manidipine (MDP) is generally used clinically as an antihypertensive agent; however, the bioavailability of orally administered MDP is limited due to their very low water solubility."	( Improved stability of solid dispersions of manidipine with polyethylene glycol 4000/copovidone blends: application of ternary phase diagram. Chamsai, B; Limmatvapirat, S; Sriamornsak, P; Sungthongjeen, S, 2017)	2.16
"Low bioavailability of oral manidipine (MDP) is due to its low water solubility."	( Enhancement of solubility and oral bioavailability of manidipine by formation of ternary solid dispersion with d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and copovidone. Chamsai, B; Limmatvapirat, S; Sriamornsak, P; Sungthongjeen, S, 2017)	1
"The objective of this study was to increase the solubility and bioavailability of MDP by fabricating ternary solid dispersion (tSD) with d-α-tocopherol polyethyleneglycol-1000-succinate and copovidone."	( Enhancement of solubility and oral bioavailability of manidipine by formation of ternary solid dispersion with d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and copovidone. Chamsai, B; Limmatvapirat, S; Sriamornsak, P; Sungthongjeen, S, 2017)	0.7
" Their solubility, dissolution, stability and bioavailability were also investigated."	( Enhancement of solubility and oral bioavailability of manidipine by formation of ternary solid dispersion with d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and copovidone. Chamsai, B; Limmatvapirat, S; Sriamornsak, P; Sungthongjeen, S, 2017)	0.7
"The improvement of stability, dissolution and oral bioavailability of MDP could be achieved by using tSD technique."	( Enhancement of solubility and oral bioavailability of manidipine by formation of ternary solid dispersion with d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and copovidone. Chamsai, B; Limmatvapirat, S; Sriamornsak, P; Sungthongjeen, S, 2017)	0.7
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Dosage Studied

The combination of manidipine and delapril produced significant and smooth reductions in blood pressure values, which persisted over the 24-h dosing interval.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The trough:peak ratio for both SBP and DBP was higher than 50% for all three manidipine dosage regimens."	( Evaluation by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring of efficacy of manidipine hydrochloride 10, 20 or 40 mg once daily as compared to placebo in treating mild to moderate essential hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, parallel group, placebo-c Fogari, R; Lusardi, P; Mugellini, A; Poletti, L; Preti, P; Zoppi, A, 1996)	0.75
"In order to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of manidipine, at the dosage of 10 or 20 mg once daily, we studied 36 patients (12 males and 24 females, mean age 54."	( Anti-hypertensive effect of manidipine: 24 hours monitoring evaluation and Doppler-echocardiographic remarks. Celentano, A; Cloro, C; Cosco, C; Crivaro, M; De Divitiis, O; Di Palma Esposito, N; Mattioli, PL; Oliviero, M; Palmieri, V; Perticone, F; Pietropaolo, I; Tammaro, P, 1996)	0.84
" The pharmacokinetics of manidipine seem only modified in patients with a certain degree of hepatic impairment (at least Pugh grade 6 and Child grade B); therefore, adaptation of the dosing regimen does not seem to be generally recommendable, but should be modulated according to the liver status of the patient."	( Single dose pharmacokinetics of manidipine in hepatic impaired patients and healthy controls. Acerbi, D; Allemon, A; Deroubaix, X; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lens, S; Lins, RL; Poli, G; Stockis, A; Ventura, P, 1998)	0.89
" In addition, ABPM confirmed a consistent antihypertensive activity throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, without effect on the circadian BP profile."	( Effect of low-dose manidipine on ambulatory blood pressure in very elderly hypertensives. Corradi, L; Fogari, R; Lusardi, P; Mugellini, A; Preti, P; Zoppi, A, 1999)	0.63
" Conformity to Beer's law enabled the assay of dosage forms of this drug, the concentration range for the best accuracy is 3-11 micrograms/ml."	( Spectrophotometric determination of manidipine dihydrochloride based on formation of charge-transfer complex with iodine. De Laurentis, N; Losacco, V; Milillo, MA; Zarrilli, A, )	0.41
"The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a fixed combination tablet containing 10 mg of manidipine dihydrochloride (CAS 89226-75-5), a calcium channel antagonist, and 30 mg of delapril hydrochloride (CAS 83435-67-0), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, during once daily repeated dosing in young and elderly subjects and to assess the bioequivalence of the fixed combination tablet and the single ingredient tablets taken simultaneously in young healthy subjects after a single dose administration."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new manidipine and delapril fixed oral combination in young and elderly subjects. Acerbi, D; De Bruyn, S; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.78
"Eighteen young healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 10 mg manidipine and 30 mg delapril as two separate tablets or a fixed combination tablet, followed by a week of once daily dosing with the fixed combination."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new manidipine and delapril fixed oral combination in young and elderly subjects. Acerbi, D; De Bruyn, S; Gengler, C; Goethals, F; Lens, S; Poli, G; Stockis, A, 2003)	0.81
" The combination of manidipine and delapril produced significant and smooth reductions in blood pressure values, which persisted over the 24-h dosing interval."	( Fixed combination of manidipine and delapril in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension: evaluation by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Celentano, A; Fogari, R; Mugellini, A; Scanferla, F; Vaccarella, A; Zoppi, A, 2005)	0.97
" Manidipine has a gradual onset and a long duration of action, effectively maintaining reduced BP levels throughout the 24-hour dosing period, and is effective in the long term with no evidence of intolerance."	( Antihypertensive effect of manidipine. Roca-Cusachs, A; Triposkiadis, F, 2005)	1.54

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
diarylmethane	Any compound containing two aryl groups connected by a single C atom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Fumarate hydratase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0030	8.7949	48.0869	AID1347053
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	1.5487	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.3649	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
polyprotein	Zika virus	Potency	35.4813	0.0030	8.7949	48.0869	AID1347053
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.1623	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	12.5893	0.0079	8.2332	1,122.0200	AID2551
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.5957	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.5748	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.4016	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1347407; AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5487	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	39.8107	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5487	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5487	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.6250	0.0002	2.3185	10.0000	AID678836; AID681335
Cruzipain	Trypanosoma cruzi	IC50 (µMol)	53.0000	0.0002	2.0450	8.0000	AID484274; AID484275
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid translocation	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
terpenoid transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of response to osmotic stress	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide translocation	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of anion channel activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine floppase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide floppase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
floppase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID640615	Clearance in human liver microsomes at 1 uM measured after 60 mins by HPLC analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 22, Issue:2	Capture hydrolysis signals in the microsomal stability assay: molecular mechanisms of the alkyl ester drug and prodrug metabolism.
AID1678478	Inhibition of recombinant His6-tagged SARS-CoV-2 main protease assessed as residual enzyme activity at 100 uM using Dabcyl-KTSAVLQ-SGFRKM-E(Edans-NH2) as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition by FRET based assay relative to con	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-10, Volume: 11, Issue:12	Identification of 14 Known Drugs as Inhibitors of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2.
AID1808022	Inhibition of porcine heart malate dehydrogenase assessed as critical aggregation concentration preincubated for 5 min followed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide addition and monitered for 90 sec by spectrophotometric method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Colloidal Aggregators in Biochemical SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing Screens.
AID681335	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Digoxin: 0.1 uM) in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells	2002	European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:3	Effects of 12 Ca2+ antagonists on multidrug resistance, MDR1-mediated transport and MDR1 mRNA expression.
AID484275	Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi cruzaine preincubated for 5 mins before substrate addition by fluorescence assay in presence of 0.01% Triton X-100	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Colloid formation by drugs in simulated intestinal fluid.
AID1808020	Inhibition of porcine heart malate dehydrogenase preincubated for 5 min followed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide addition and monitered for 90 sec by spectrophotometric method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Colloidal Aggregators in Biochemical SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing Screens.
AID678836	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Daunorubicin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Daunorubicin: 0.035 uM) in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells	2000	Pharmaceutical research, Oct, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Inhibitory potencies of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists to P-glycoprotein-mediated transport: comparison with the effects on CYP3A4.
AID1678479	Inhibition of recombinant His6-tagged SARS-CoV-2 main protease using Dabcyl-KTSAVLQ-SGFRKM-E(Edans-NH2) as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition by FRET based assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-10, Volume: 11, Issue:12	Identification of 14 Known Drugs as Inhibitors of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2.
AID484274	Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi cruzaine preincubated for 5 mins before substrate addition by fluorescence assay in absence of Triton X-100	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Colloid formation by drugs in simulated intestinal fluid.
AID484387	Colloidal aggregation in fed state simulated intestinal fluid assessed as colloid radius at 2.5 uM by dynamic light scattering assay in presence of 1% DMSO	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Colloid formation by drugs in simulated intestinal fluid.
AID1808019	Inhibition of SARS CoV2 C-terminal His6-tagged 3CL protease (3264 to 3569 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 using rr-K(MCA)-ATLQAIAS-K(DNP)-COOH preincubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 1 hr in presence of 0.0	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Colloidal Aggregators in Biochemical SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing Screens.
AID1808021	Inhibition of porcine heart malate dehydrogenase assessed as reduction in enzyme inhibition at 3 times IC50 preincubated for 5 min followed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide addition and monitered for 90 sec in presence of 0.01% Triton-X100 by spectrop	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Colloidal Aggregators in Biochemical SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing Screens.
AID484276	Colloidal aggregation in fed state simulated intestinal fluid by dynamic light scattering assay in presence of 1% DMSO	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Colloid formation by drugs in simulated intestinal fluid.
AID217470	Inhibition of [3H]- Nitrendipine binding to L-type calcium channels of rat cerebral cortex	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Dihydropyrimidines: novel calcium antagonists with potent and long-lasting vasodilative and antihypertensive activity.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10 (4.88)	18.7374
1990's	88 (42.93)	18.2507
2000's	63 (30.73)	29.6817
2010's	31 (15.12)	24.3611
2020's	13 (6.34)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	57 (26.51%)	5.53%
Reviews	20 (9.30%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (2.33%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	133 (61.86%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Double Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group, Multicentre Study to Evaluate the Effects of Manidipine 20 MG Vs. Amlodipine 10 MG and the Combination of Manidipine 10 MG Plus Delapril 30 MG Vs. Amlodipine 5 MG Plus Delapril 30 MG on Intraglomerular Pressure in [NCT00627952]	Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment [NCT00741585]	Phase 4	21,983 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-01	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Prospective, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Nephroprotective Effect of Delapril Alone or Combined With Manidipine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00157586]	Phase 3	342 participants	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
Manidipine Versus Amlodipine in Patients With Hypertension: Effects on Peripheral Edema Evaluated by Bioimpedance Analysis [NCT03106597]	Phase 4	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-20	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty in enrolling subjects)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	3.23	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	3.23	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	3.39	1	1	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole: a CK2 kinase inhibitor	2.31	1	0
tocopheroxy radical tocopheroxy radical: RN given refers to radical ion (1+), (2R-(2R(4R,8R*)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/90	2.31	1	0	tocopherol
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	10.53	19	9	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.31	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.02	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	8.79	2	1	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.25	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.31	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.68	3	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	3.09	5	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	10.05	5	2	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
celecoxib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	3.42	1	1	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.31	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.52	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.98	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.31	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.4	2	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.31	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	4.31	4	1	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	1.98	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.31	1	0
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	3.1	5	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	7.92	10	7	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hypericin [no description available]	2.31	1	0
idebenone [no description available]	6.98	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	4.93	2	1	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	6.99	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.42	2	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperazines
lomerizine lomerizine: used to treat migraines	2.25	1	0	diarylmethane
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	6.38	4	3	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.07	1	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.41	2	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	5.32	13	1	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	7.35	13	3	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nilvadipine [no description available]	2.7	3	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.71	3	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.7	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	7.92	4	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.02	1	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
periciazine periciazine: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPERICIAZINE 1966-94. periciazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.	2.25	1	0	hydroxypiperidine; nitrile; phenothiazines	adrenergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; sedative
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	1.98	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	chromones
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.39	2	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.15	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
imatinib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tinoridine tinoridine: proposed anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS seach PYRIDINES (75-86)	2.07	1	0	thienopyridine
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
aldosterone [no description available]	4.06	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	3.4	1	1	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.31	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	3.39	1	1	quaternary ammonium salt
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.48	2	0	lactose
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	1.98	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chlorpromazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	3.16	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.38	2	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethoheptazine ethoheptazine: major descriptor (65-83); on-line search AZEPINES (65-83); Index Medicus search ETHOHEPTAZINE (65-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	azepanes
efloxate efloxate: structure	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.07	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.25	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.31	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	3.47	1	1	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	3.4	1	1	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chromonar Chromonar: A coronary vasodilator agent.	2.07	1	0	coumarins
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.15	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
vincamine Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; hemiaminal; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; vinca alkaloid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; vasodilator agent
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	3.23	1	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
ponceau 4r ponceau 4R: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
azo rubin s azo rubin S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0
tocopheryl nicotinate alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate: RN given refers to (2R-(2R(2R(4R,8R))-isomer	2.05	1	0	tocol
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.25	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.69	3	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	3.37	1	1	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.85	2	1	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.25	1	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
triclabendazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	7.04	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	2.25	1	0	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2	1	0
adapalene Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.	2.31	1	0	adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid	dermatologic drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	2.07	1	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	3.16	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
xemilofiban xemilofiban: SC-54684A was administered as the hydrochloride salt; inhibits platelet glycoprotein GPIIB IIIA receptor; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	2.52	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
lercanidipine [no description available]	4.85	10	0	diarylmethane
azelnidipine azelnidipine: structure given in first source	3.6	2	0	isopropyl ester
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	3.45	1	1	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
dracorhodin dracorhodin: no other info available 8/89	2.31	1	0
talampicillin Talampicillin: An ester of AMPICILLIN which is readily hydrolyzed on absorption to release ampicillin. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract resulting in a greater bioavailability of ampicillin than can be achieved with equivalent doses of ampicillin.. talampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-phthalidyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.	2.25	1	0	penicillanic acid ester	prodrug
buparvaquone buparvaquone: used in therapy of theileriasis; structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	8.43	1	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
moexipril [no description available]	2.07	1	0	peptide
meclizine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
lopinavir [no description available]	2.25	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	3.55	2	0
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	2.07	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
plavix [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; organoammonium sulfate salt	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
efonidipine efonidipine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-efonidipine. It is a antihypertensive drug and a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker.. 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethanol.	2.98	4	0	C-nitro compound; carboxylic ester; dihydropyridine; tertiary amino compound
gefitinib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	3.16	1	0	biphenyls
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.92	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bazedoxifene [no description available]	2.31	1	0	phenylindole
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	2.31	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	5.05	3	3	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	5.07	10	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
ceronapril ceronapril: structure given in first source; RN given for (S)-isomer	2.39	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
etravirine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
lapatinib [no description available]	2.25	1	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	17.02	187	52
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	1.98	1	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	1.98	1	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
amiodarone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
delavirdine mesylate delavirdine mesylate : The monomethanesulfonic acid salt of delavirdine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mepirodipine mepirodipine: RN & structure given in first source; RN refers to (S,S)-isomer	2.41	2	0	dihydropyridine
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.07	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
temocapril [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dipeptide
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.31	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	1.98	1	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
benidipine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.15	1	0
benidipine benidipine: RN refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer	9.08	4	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	1.99	1	0	diarylmethane
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.05	1	0
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.37	1	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	1.98	1	0	alkali metal atom
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	3.53	1	1	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.31	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
cilnidipine [no description available]	8.4	1	1	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	3.53	1	1	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.05	1	0	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.04	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).	2.31	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor agonist; teratogenic agent
lacidipine [no description available]	5.47	4	1	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
spirapril spirapril: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	azaspiro compound; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; dithioketal; ethyl ester; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
delapril delapril: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	12.2	29	16	peptide
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	9.39	2	2	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.07	1	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	3.57	2	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.25	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
bedaquiline bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.	2.69	2	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; organobromine compound; quinolines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antitubercular agent; ATP synthase inhibitor
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	6.16	5	2	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
tiotropium tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	2.07	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	1.97	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
piroxicam cinnamate piroxicam cinnamate: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	cinnamate ester
perampanel perampanel : A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,3'-bipyridin-6'-one substituted at positions 1' and 5' by phenyl and 2-cyanophenyl groups respectively. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy.	2.25	1	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	AMPA receptor antagonist; anticonvulsant
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.	2.25	1	0	tripeptide; ureas	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.4	2	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	4.07	3	1	polypeptide
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	1.99	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	6.99	1	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	1.98	1	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.06	1	0
poziotinib HM781-36B: antitumor irreversible Pan-HER inhibitor for treatment of gastric cancer	7.25	1	0	acrylamides; aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; diether; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperidine; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.42	2	0
dihydronicotinamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	2.25	1	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.31	1	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	2	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
hematein hematein: structure. hematein : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is -6a,7-dihydrobenzo[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-9-one carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 6a and 10.	2.31	1	0
PF-07304814 lufotrelvir: lufotrelvir is the phosphate prodrug of PF-00835231. PF-07304814 : An indolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of N-[(2S)-3-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-4-(phosphonooxy)butan-2-yl]-L-leucinamide. It is the phosphate prodrug of PF-00835231, an anticoronaviral agent.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; indolecarboxamide; L-leucine derivative; phosphate monoester; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; prodrug

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.27	6	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Bunyaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE.	0	2.6	1	0
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	2.66	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	2.66	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.72	3	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	2.17	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	7.17	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	15.71	101	45
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	9.72	2	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	1	17.71	101	45
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	10.71	19	14
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	3.53	1	1
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	8.9	13	8
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	10.71	19	14
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	6.29	4	2
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	6.42	5	2
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	6.29	4	2
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	7.7	8	5
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	7.7	8	5
Anasarca [description not available]	0	6.14	2	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	11.14	2	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	1	8.04	4	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	7.68	7	4
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	11.16	4	3
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	7.25	5	3
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	7.25	5	3
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Ascites, Chylous [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
DDD MPGNII [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	4.09	3	1
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	2.41	2	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.	0	2.06	1	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	8.47	1	1
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	3.47	1	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	3.4	1	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	2.02	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	2.93	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	2.93	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	3.86	12	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	3.35	2	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	2.94	1	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	4.49	5	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	2.94	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	10.4	5	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	2.03	1	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	2.95	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	2.95	1	0
Hypotension, Postural [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Hypotension, Orthostatic A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.	0	3.43	1	1
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	7.04	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	1.98	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	1.98	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	1.98	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	1.98	1	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	0	1.98	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	2.39	2	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	4.15	6	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	4.15	6	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	2.39	2	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	2.38	2	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Sinus Tachycardia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	0	1.99	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Malignant Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Hypertension, Malignant A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.	0	2.39	2	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	1.99	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	7.4	2	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	2.4	2	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	0	3.38	1	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	2	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	3.39	1	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	3.39	1	1
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	3.39	1	1
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	0	3.39	1	1
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	2	1	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	0	2.01	1	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	0	2.01	1	0
Gingival Overgrowth Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)	0	7.01	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	3.36	1	1
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	1.98	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	1.98	1	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	6.98	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	2.38	2	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	1.98	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	2.38	2	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0

manidipine

Cross-References

Synonyms (81)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (62)

Molecular Functions (30)

Ceullar Components (25)

Bioassays (49)

Research

Studies (205)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 60.66

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

manidipine

Cross-References

Synonyms (81)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (62)

Molecular Functions (30)

Ceullar Components (25)

Bioassays (49)

Research

Studies (205)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 60.66

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (176)

Related Conditions (114)