Page last updated: 2024-09-26

vx 497

Description

N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID153241
CHEMBL ID304087
SCHEMBL ID329922
MeSH IDM0451712

Synonyms (51)

Synonym
n-[3-3-[3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]ureido]benzyl]carbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-(s)-yl ester
merimebodib
merimepodib
[(3s)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] n-[[3-[(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-yl-phenyl)carbamoylamino]phenyl]methyl]carbamate
198821-22-6
vx-497
vi-21497
D04936
merimepodib (usan/inn)
CHEMBL304087 ,
vi-21,497
(s)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-(oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamate
{3-[3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-yl-phenyl)-ureido]-benzyl}-carbamic acid tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester
{3-[3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-yl-phenyl)-ureido]-benzyl}-carbamic acid (s)-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl) ester
bdbm50102249
n-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester
vx 497
unii-2zl2ba06fu
(s)-tetrahydro-3-furyl (m-(3-(3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl)ureido)benzyl)carbamate
carbamic acid, ((3-((((3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)phenyl)methyl)-, (3s)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl ester
merimepodib [usan:inn]
mmpd
2zl2ba06fu ,
S6689
merimepodib [who-dd]
merimepodib [mi]
merimepodib [inn]
merimepodib [usan]
FD5020
DB04862
merimepodib, vi-21497, vx-497
HY-13986
SCHEMBL329922
JBPUGFODGPKTDW-SFHVURJKSA-N
[[3-[[[[3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]methyl]carbamic acid (3s)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl ester
AC-35396
DTXSID70173639
mfcd09837807
EX-A1201
AKOS027338219
(3s)-oxolan-3-yl n-{[3-({[3-methoxy-4-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)phenyl]methyl}carbamate
AS-75124
carbamic acid, [[3-[[[[3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]methyl]-, (3s)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl ester
NCGC00378589-01
vx497
BCP28336
Q1727082
gtpl10741
carbamic acid, n-[[3-[[[[3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]methyl]-, (3s)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl ester
A919457
YHA82122

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.15090.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency0.03790.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.33790.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.03790.00339.158239.8107AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.03790.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.03790.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.03790.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00950.00700.18071.5000AID92622; AID92740; AID92742; AID93053
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00700.00700.06550.2600AID93053
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (51)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
GMP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
GTP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythmInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
lymphocyte proliferationInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-4Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
'de novo' XMP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
GMP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
GTP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (24)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
IMP dehydrogenase activityInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
nucleic acid bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
IMP dehydrogenase activityInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (26)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisomal membraneInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumenInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumenInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumenInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumenInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumenInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (19)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1745855NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1745854NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID92742Inhibitory activity tested against inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH-II) enzyme2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20
3-cyanoindole-based inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase: synthesis and initial structure-activity relationships.
AID1558350Inhibition of IMPDH in Zika virus MR766 infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as antiviral activity by measuring reduction in viral replication preincubated for 12 hrs followed by viral infection and measured day 2 post infection by qRT-PCR method2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-23, Volume: 63, Issue:2
Drugs for the Treatment of Zika Virus Infection.
AID438025Antiviral activity against Dengue virus2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 52, Issue:24
The medicinal chemistry of dengue fever.
AID1558351Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells by MTS assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-23, Volume: 63, Issue:2
Drugs for the Treatment of Zika Virus Infection.
AID46396Inhibition of CEM (human leukemia) cell proliferation.2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20
3-cyanoindole-based inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase: synthesis and initial structure-activity relationships.
AID92740Inhibitory activity against inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase IMPDH II2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Quinolone-based IMPDH inhibitors: introduction of basic residues on ring D and SAR of the corresponding mono, di and benzofused analogues.
AID92622Inhibition of human inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 22002Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Discovery of N-[2-[2-[[3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]-5-oxazolyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-4- morpholineacetamide as a novel and potent inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase with excellent in vivo activity.
AID1409614Overall antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (isolate France/IDF0372/2020) in the Vero E6 cell line at 48 h based on three assays 1) detection of viral RNA by qRT-PCR (targeting the N-gene), 2) plaque assay using lysate 3 days after addition of compound 2020Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID155457Inhibitory activity against proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Quinolone-based IMPDH inhibitors: introduction of basic residues on ring D and SAR of the corresponding mono, di and benzofused analogues.
AID93053Inhibition of inositol-5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH); range 7-8 nM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 44, Issue:3
New dermatological agents for the treatment of psoriasis.
AID45812In vitro secondary T-cell (CEM) proliferation assay2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Discovery of N-[2-[2-[[3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]-5-oxazolyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-4- morpholineacetamide as a novel and potent inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase with excellent in vivo activity.
AID46583Inhibitory activity against proliferation of CEM cell line2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Quinolone-based IMPDH inhibitors: introduction of basic residues on ring D and SAR of the corresponding mono, di and benzofused analogues.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (25)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's18 (72.00)29.6817
2010's2 (8.00)24.3611
2020's5 (20.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials3 (12.00%)5.53%
Reviews4 (16.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other18 (72.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research Highlights

Bioavailability (3)

ArticleYear
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Molecular pharmacology, Volume: 96, Issue: 5
2019
Regulation of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type I and type II isoforms in human lymphocytes.
Biochemical pharmacology, Feb-15, Volume: 67, Issue: 4
2004
VX-497: a novel, selective IMPDH inhibitor and immunosuppressive agent.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 90, Issue: 5
2001
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Dosage (1)

ArticleYear
VX-497: a novel, selective IMPDH inhibitor and immunosuppressive agent.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 90, Issue: 5
2001
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]