Page last updated: 2024-10-24

regulation of norepinephrine secretion

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. [GOC:ef]

The regulation of norepinephrine secretion is a complex process involving multiple levels of control. It is primarily regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, which responds to various stimuli, including stress, physical activity, and changes in blood pressure.

**1. Presynaptic Regulation:**

* **Action Potentials:** Norepinephrine release is triggered by the arrival of action potentials at the presynaptic terminal of sympathetic neurons. This depolarization opens voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium ions to enter the cell.
* **Calcium Influx:** Calcium acts as a second messenger, triggering the fusion of synaptic vesicles containing norepinephrine with the presynaptic membrane, resulting in exocytosis and the release of norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft.

**2. Receptor-Mediated Regulation:**

* **Presynaptic Autoreceptors:** Norepinephrine itself can bind to presynaptic α2-adrenergic receptors, which act as negative feedback mechanisms to inhibit further norepinephrine release. This autoreceptor activation leads to a decrease in calcium influx and a reduction in exocytosis.
* **Postsynaptic Receptors:** The activation of postsynaptic adrenergic receptors can also influence norepinephrine release indirectly. For instance, the activation of β-adrenergic receptors on the target cell can trigger the release of retrograde messengers that modulate presynaptic activity.

**3. Other Factors:**

* **Neurotransmitters:** Other neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA, can influence norepinephrine release. Acetylcholine, for instance, can enhance norepinephrine release through its action on nicotinic receptors.
* **Hormones:** Hormones like cortisol and insulin can also modulate norepinephrine release. Cortisol, a stress hormone, can increase norepinephrine release, while insulin can have an inhibitory effect.
* **Drugs:** Various drugs can either enhance or inhibit norepinephrine release. For example, amphetamines promote norepinephrine release, while β-blockers suppress it.

**4. Postsynaptic Regulation:**

* **Receptor Degradation:** The action of norepinephrine is terminated through reuptake into the presynaptic terminal by a transporter protein (NET) or by enzymatic degradation by enzymes like catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO).

The intricate interplay of these factors ensures the precise regulation of norepinephrine secretion, allowing for appropriate physiological responses to a wide range of stimuli.'
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Proteins (3)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Adenosine receptor A2aAn adenosine receptor A2a that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P29274]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenosine receptor A3An adenosine receptor A3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN]Homo sapiens (human)
Free fatty acid receptor 3A free fatty acid receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:O14843]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (241)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
9-ethyladenine
acetic acidacetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.

Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
butyric acidbutyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.

butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.

Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.
fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
taxifolin3'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
pentahydroxyflavanone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
propionic acidpropionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid
antifungal drug
xanthine7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.

9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.
xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthineDPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist
3-methylcholanthrene3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.

Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.
ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofyllineenprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-nonylphenol4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.

4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol
phenolsenvironmental contaminant
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.

5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity
aromatic amine;
azepanes;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
odorant receptor antagonist;
sodium channel blocker
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in ratsoxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodaroneamiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.

Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.
1-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound
cardiovascular drug
astemizoleastemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.

Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.
benzimidazoles;
piperidines
anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
benzbromaronebenzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.

Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.
1-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone
uricosuric drug
bithionolbithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.

Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.
aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol
antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
caffeinepurine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
candesartancandesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.

candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist
benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole
angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
celecoxiborganofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cgs 159439-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist

CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.
aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
ciglitazoneciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.

ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes
aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone
antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
clotrimazoleconazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
denbufyllinedenbufylline: structure given in first sourceoxopurine
disulfiramorganic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
ebastineorganic molecular entity
econazole1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.

econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.

Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
felodipinefelodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.

Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.
dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenofibratePharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINEaromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes
antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fluphenazineN-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines
anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazineisoquinolines
haloproginhaloprogin: minor descriptor (73-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYL ETHERS (73-86)aromatic ether
hexachlorophenehexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.

Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene
acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
iodoquinoliodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.

Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.
monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound
antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
nocodazolearomatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
miconazole1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.

miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.

Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
mitotaneMitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.diarylmethane
nicardipine2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.

nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.

Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.
benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
nifedipineNifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimodipinenimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.
2-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipinemethyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.

nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.

Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrendipinenitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.

Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
propranololpropranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.

Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.
naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
rabeprazoleRabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifeneraloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.1-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sulconazole1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.

sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.

sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source
dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
trioxsalenantipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.

lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.

trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.

Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.
psoralensdermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent
troglitazoneTroglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.chromanes;
thiazolidinone
anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist
ici 204,219zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonistcarbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide
anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
ethinyl estradiol17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.

Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound
xenoestrogen
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
1-aminoanthraquinone
visnaginvisnagin : A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.

visnagin: from Musineon divaricatum
aromatic ether;
furanochromone;
polyketide
anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
phytotoxin;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine: structure in first source
phenothiazine10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
3-hydroxydiphenylaminesubstituted aniline
dibenzothiazyl disulfidedibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.

dibenzothiazyl disulfide: vulcanizing accelerant
benzothiazoles;
organic disulfide
allergen
sterogenolcetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.

hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source
bromide salt;
pyridinium salt
antiseptic drug;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
surfactant
2-chloroadenosine5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first sourcepurine nucleoside
2-fluoroadenosineadenosines;
organofluorine compound
azacitidine5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.

Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.
N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue
antineoplastic agent
flavanoneflavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.

flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source
flavanones
flavoneflavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.

flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source
flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
gentian violetcrystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.

Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.
organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
1-naphthylisothiocyanate1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.isothiocyanateinsecticide
4-octylphenol4-octylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by an octyl group.

4-octylphenol: xenoestrogen
phenolsmetabolite;
surfactant;
xenoestrogen
amilorideamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.

Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)
aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines
diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
9-benzyladenine
hyaluronoglucosaminidasekinetin riboside: preferentially induces apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3 in cancer cells; structure in first sourcepurine nucleoside
3-deazaadenosine3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.
stanozololstanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.

Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194)
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol
anabolic agent;
androgen
danazolDanazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.17beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound
anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
1,4-diaminoanthraquinone
ribavirinRebetron: Rebetron is tradename1-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
mefloquine(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
oxfendazolebenzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
sulfoxide
antinematodal drug
closantelclosantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.

closantel: structure

N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile;
organoiodine compound;
phenols
quinpirolequinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.

Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.
pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
imiquimodimiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.

Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.
imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
niguldipinediarylmethane
adenosinequinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlitadenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nelfinavirnelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.

Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.
aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
rolofyllinerolofylline: selective antagonist for adenosine receptors; a cardiovascular agentoxopurine
isoguanosinepurine nucleoside
3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine
metrifudil
9-methyladenine9-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9.methyladeninemetabolite
3-methylxanthine3-methyl-7H-xanthine : A 3-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 7-position.

3-methyl-9H-xanthine : A 3-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 9-position.
3-methylxanthinemetabolite
7-methyladenine7-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-7.

7-methyladenine: potential marker for monitoring exposure to methylatingcarcinogens
methyladeninemetabolite
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, (s)-isomer
1-methylxanthine1-methyl-7H-xanthine : A 1-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 7-position.

1-methylxanthine : A monomethylxanthine having the methyl group located at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of caffeine in humans.

1-methylxanthine: urinary metabolite of caffeine
1-methylxanthinemouse metabolite
8-bromoadenine8-bromoadenine: affects DNA repair
n(6)-benzyladenosineN(6)-benzyladenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd
5-methylcytidinemethylcytidine
phenylisopropyladenosinearomatic amine;
benzenes;
hydrocarbyladenosine;
purine nucleoside;
secondary amino compound
adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs
n(6)-phenyladenosinepurine nucleoside
n-methyladenosineN-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation

N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.
methyladenosine
2'-o-methyladenosinecordysinin B : A member of the class of adenosines that is adenosine in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.adenosines;
ether
fungal metabolite
bw a1433uBW A1433U: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist; attenuates hypoxia-induced AH interval prolongation; derivative of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.

N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist
adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound
adenosine A3 receptor agonist
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors
adenosine amine congeneradenosine amine congener: a highly potent & selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist
8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine: used to localize adenosine receptors in the brain
7-bromoeudistomine d7-bromoeudistomine D: inducer of calcium release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum
1-propylxanthine1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source
salvinorin asalvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorumorganic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound
metabolite;
oneirogen
1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine: selective antagonist at adenosine A1 receptorsoxopurine
8-(dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine8-(dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source
kfm 19KFM 19: a potential cognitive enhancer and a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist
2-(1-octynyl)adenosineYT 146: an adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source
1-isoamyl-3-isobutylxanthine
tecadenosontecadenoson: an A1 adenosine receptor agonist
1-deazaadenosine1-deazaadenosine: inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis; structure given in first source
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source
bw a522BW A522: blocks adenosine A3 receptor-mediated hypotensive responses in rats
2-hexynyladenosine-5'-n-ethylcarboxamide2-hexynyladenosine-5'-N-ethylcarboxamide: adenosine receptor agonist
4'-hydroxyflavanone4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source

4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
monohydroxyflavanone
1,3-dipropylxanthine1,3-dipropylxanthine: has high affinity for adenosine receptors; structure given in first source
sb 203580imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
zm 241385ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptordiamino-1,3,5-triazine
sch 58261triazolopyrimidines
2'-hydroxyflavanone
cirsimaritincirsimaritin : A dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively.

cirsimaritin: has antagonist or partial agonist activity on benzodiazepine receptors
dihydroxyflavone;
dimethoxyflavone
l 7340055-chloro-3-phenylthioindole-2-carboxamide: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine: structure in first sourcemorpholines;
purines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine A3 receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
cell dedifferentiation agent
regadenosonpurine nucleoside
estradiol 3-benzoate17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.17beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester
estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
8-cyclohexylcaffeine
6-chloroflavone6-chloroflavone: structure in first source
mrs 10673,6-dichloro-2'-isopropyloxy-4'-methylflavone: structure in first source
diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylatediethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate: structure in first source
sakuranetin
2,4-diaminopteridine2,4-diaminopteridine: structure in first source
mrs 1191MRS 1191: a selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first sourcecinnamate ester
mrs 12209-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylacetylamino(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazoline: structure in first sourcequinazolines
5'-methylthioadenosine5'-methylthioadenosine: structure

5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.
thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoinall-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.

retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).

Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).
retinoic acid;
vitamin A
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.
adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide
adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
diethylstilbestroldiethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.

Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
olefinic compound;
polyphenol
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
roflumilastaromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound
anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
wr-142,490(+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
1-deaza-2-chloro-n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine1-deaza-2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine: adenosine A(1) receptor agonist
2'-c-methyladenosine2'-C-methyladenosine: antiviral
(1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanolalkylbenzene
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
flunarizineFlunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.diarylmethane
enclomipheneEnclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.
N-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-2-thiazolyl]cyclopentanecarboxamidearomatic amide
thioguanine anhydrousThioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.

tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.
2-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tamoxifenstilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-N-ethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanecarboxamidepurine nucleoside
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source
vx-745aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine
anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
adenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamideadenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the propyl amide of adenosine 5'-carboxylic acid.adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source

CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.
adenosines;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
monocarboxylic acid
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent
mrs 15232,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist
tolcaponetolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.

Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.
2-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols
antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
sodium butyrateorganic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
quercetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
genistein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
montelukastmontelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonistaliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
entacaponeentacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.

entacapone: structure given in first source
2-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
galangin5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source

galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.
7-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
morinmorin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.

morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria)
7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
isotretinoinisotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.

Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.
retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
mre 3008-f20MRE 3008-F20: InChIKey: CJRNHKSLHHWUAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
istradefyllineoxopurine
osip 339391UCS15A: from Streptomyces; structure in first source
lacidipinecinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
psb 1115oxopurine
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine, (s)-isomer
sulindac sulfidesulindac sulfide : An aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.

sulindac sulfide: sulfated analog of indomethacin & inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source
aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.

8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist
monochlorobenzenes;
trimethylxanthine
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
oxiconazoleoxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.

oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether
antiinfective agent
isoalloxazineisoalloxazine: structurebenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
artocarpin lectinartocarpin : A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2', and 4', a methoxy group at position 7, a prenyl group at position 3 and a (1E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl group at position 6. Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus integrifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.

artocarpin lectin: a mannose-specific lectin; from the seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia; a homotetramic protein distinct from jacalin, another jackfruit lectin; MW 65 kDa; devoid of covalently-attached carbohydrates; consists of 4 isolectins with pI 5 - 6.5; do not confuse with artocarpin flavone
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
ciproxifanaromatic ketone
bafilomycin a1bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.

bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source
cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
bw a1433BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist
fk 453FK 453: adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a new antihypertensive agent with diuretic action in isolated rabbit aorta; FR113452 is the S-(-) enantiomer of FK 453
kf 17837
gw 1929GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first sourcebenzophenones
bay-k-8644, (-)-isomer(S)-Bay-K-8644 : A methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate in which the 4-position has (S)-configuration.(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
mrs 1754oxopurine
bay-k-8644(R)-Bay-K-8644 : A methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate in which the 4-position has (R)-configuration.(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
sb 334867-a1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea: selective OX1 receptor antagonistnaphthyridine derivative
cv 18082-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effectspurine nucleoside
dexniguldipineniguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistancediarylmethane
1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-((1-ethyl-3-piperidyl)amino)-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)guanidine1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-((1-ethyl-3-piperidyl)amino)-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)guanidine: structure
binodenoson
atl 146eBMS-068645: structure in first source
5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine
rwj 68354
uk-432097UK-432097: a highly potent and selective agonist and drug candidate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment; structure in first source
nebicaponenebicapone: structure in first source
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosineN(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist
st 1535
n-((1s,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosineN-((1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine: structure given in first source; an adenosine A1 receptor agonistpurine nucleoside
2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine: a adenosine A2A receptor agonist
mk 936
4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride
mrs 1097
3-iodo-4-aminobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine3-iodo-4-aminobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodo-4-aminobenzyl group.adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound
2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-(4-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-7h-pyrazolo(4,3-e)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine-5-amine
vuf 8504
n(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosineN(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosine: adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source
cgs 24012CGS 24012: adenosine agonist with both high affinity & selectivity for the adenosine A2 receptor
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide
sch 442416SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligandtriazolopyrimidines
mrs 3558
cvt-68833-ethyl-1-propyl-8-(1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione: structure in first source
gw9508GW9508: structure in first sourcearomatic amine
tozadenanttozadenant: an adenosine A2A receptor antagonistbenzothiazoles
atl 313ATL 313: A2A adenosine receptor agonist
psb 361-butyl-8-(3-noradamantyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)xanthine: an A1 receptor antagonistoxopurine
luf 6000
lj 529
a 803467A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source
archazolid aarchazolid A: inhibits vacuolar-type ATPase; isolated from Archangium gephyra; structure in first source
archazolid barchazolid B: structure in first sourcemacrolide
v 20063-(4-amino-3-methylbenzyl)-7-(2-furyl)-3H-(1,2,3)triazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidine-5-amine: antiparkinson agent; structure in first source
defactinib
psb603PSB603: an adenosine A2B receptor antagonist
nitd 609NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source
bix 02565
MS-417MS-417 : A member of the class of thienotriazolodiazepines that is the methyl ester of [(6S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl]acetic acid. A bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET)-specific inhibitor that belongs to a group of thienodiazepine-based compoundsmethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienotriazolodiazepine
sildenafilsildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinolallopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.

Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.
nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound
antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
psb 11
n-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-(5-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-purin-8-yl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-acetamide
luf 58342-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile: structure in first source
cgs 15696CGS 15696: adenosine antagonist; structure given in first source