Compounds > dichlorprop
Page last updated: 2024-12-05

dichlorprop

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Description

dichlorprop: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid : An aromatic ether that is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted to its 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

dichlorprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dichlorprop. It is widely used as a herbicide for killing annual and broad leaf weeds. Only the R-enantiomer has herbicidal activity; the S-enantiomer is inactive. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID8427
CHEMBL ID573221
CHEBI ID75370
SCHEMBL ID54510
MeSH IDM0056151

Synonyms (134)

Synonym
propionic acid,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
hedonal dp
2-(2,4-dp)
2-(2,4-dichlor-phenoxy)-propionsaeure
2-(2,4-dichloor-fenoxy)-propionzuur
cornox rk
dichloroprop
herbizid dp
acido 2-(2,4-dicloro-fenossi)-propionico
seritox 50
.alpha.-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid
kildip
acide 2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)propionique
nsc39624
hormatox
celatox-dp
cornox rd
nsc-39624
propanoic acid,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
2,4-dichlorophenoxy-.alpha.-propionic acid
wln: qvy1 & or bg dg
alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid
2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid
alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid
2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid
weedone 170
textrone m
2-(2,4-dichlor-phenoxy)-propionsaeure [german]
ustilan nk25
bh 2,4-dp
nsc 39624
(+-)-dichlorprop
(+ or -)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid
2,4-dichlorophenoxy-alpha-propionic acid
propionic acid, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
(+-)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid
2-(2,4-(dichlorophenoxy))propionic acid
einecs 204-390-5
tri-cornox sprcial
cornoxynil
2-(2,4-dichloor-fenoxy)-propionzuur [dutch]
weedone dp
hsdb 1575
kyselina 2-(2,4-dichlorfenoxy)propionova [czech]
epa pesticide chemical code 031401
ccris 1468
mayclene
(+-)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid
brn 2213812
kwas 2,4-dwuchlorofenoksypropionowy [polish]
caswell no. 320
acide 2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy) propionique [french]
(+ or -)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid
af 302
canapur dp
dichlorprop [bsi:iso]
acido 2-(2,4-dicloro-fenossi)-propionico [italian]
dikofag dp
weedone 2,4-dp
oxytril p
(+-)-2,4-dp
cornox rk 64
propanoic acid, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
OPREA1_814579
OPREA1_074381
dichlorprop
2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid
2,4-dp
120-36-5
NCGC00160666-01
NCGC00160666-02
NCGC00160666-03
STK109691
AKOS000103941
CHEMBL573221
dndi1249371
chebi:75370 ,
D1942
NCGC00160666-04
NCGC00160666-05
CCG-830
AJ-087/13102024
dtxcid20440
cas-120-36-5
tox21_301143
dtxsid0020440 ,
NCGC00255041-01
NCGC00259396-01
tox21_201847
kyselina 2-(2,4-dichlorfenoxy)propionova
acide 2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy) propionique
j7yv2rko6q ,
kwas 2,4-dwuchlorofenoksypropionowy
3-06-00-00707 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-j7yv2rko6q
dichloprop
AM20060495
2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionicacid
AKOS016353296
BBL023008
SCHEMBL54510
dichlorprop [iso]
(+/-)-2,4-dp
(+/-)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid
(+/-)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid
(+/-)-dichlorprop
dichlorprop [mi]
dichlorprop, (+/-)-
dichlorprop acid
2,4-dcppa
dicopur dp
(.+/-.)-dichlorprop
2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid #
(.+/-.)-2,4-dp
(.+/-.)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid
(.+/-.)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid
mss 2,4-dp
Q-200185
2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid
DS-1072
F3034-0122
propanoic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
mfcd00002645
dichlorprop, pestanal(r), analytical standard
dichlorprop 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
dichlorprop 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
J-008832
FT-0772094
Q148946
carbonochloridothioicacid,5-octylester
EN300-18121
D89953
AB87007
Z57181990

Research Excerpts

Overview

Dichlorprop (2, 4-DCPP) is a widely used typical broad-spectrum chiral aryloxyphenoxy propionic acid herbicide.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Dichlorprop (2, 4-DCPP) is a widely used typical broad-spectrum chiral aryloxyphenoxy propionic acid (AOPP) herbicide."( Enantioselective metabolomic modulations in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf induced by the herbicide dichlorprop.
Jin, M; Lu, T; Qian, H; Qu, Q; Ye, Y; Yu, Y; Zhang, Q, 2021)		1.56

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The rapid formation of 2,4-DCPP suggested that 2,4-DCPPM adsorbed by algal cells was catalytically hydrolyzed to the free acid, a toxic metabolite."( Enantioselectivity in toxicity and degradation of dichlorprop-methyl in algal cultures.
Li, H; Liu, H; Shen, C; Wen, Y; Yuan, Y, 2008)		0.6
" The toxic mechanisms of herbicides in plants are involved in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause damage to target enzymes, but the relationship between these two factors in the enantioselectivity of chiral herbicides has rarely been investigated."( Enantioselective Phytotoxicity of Dichlorprop to Arabidopsis thaliana: The Effect of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and the Role of Fe.
Chen, H; Chen, Z; Liu, W; Wang, J; Wen, Y, 2017)		0.73
"The enantioselective toxic mechanisms of chiral herbicides in photosynthetic organisms are closely related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, however, there are few reports on how the enantioselective production of ROS can be triggered."( Dichlorprop induced structural changes of LHCⅡ chiral macroaggregates associated with enantioselective toxicity to Scnedesmus obliquus.
Ali, BA; Chen, H; Chen, Z; Shen, C; Wen, Y, 2019)		1.96

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" All methods gave recoveries >80% for the pesticide mixture, but extraction with sodium hydroxide in combination with solid-phase preconcentration was used for further recovery tests with soils of different properties spiked at four herbicide concentration levels (0."( Determination of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA in different soils by sodium hydroxide extraction in combination with solid-phase preconcentration.
Christiansen, A; Thorstensen, CW, 2001)		0.6

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In this study, the changes in bioavailability of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop to Chlorella pyrenoidosa by chitosan were investigated."( Effect of chitosan on the enantioselective bioavailability of the herbicide dichlorprop to Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Chen, H; Lin, K; Liu, W; Wen, Y; Xu, D; Yuan, Y, 2010)		0.82

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The concentrations of dichlorprop and its leucine conjugate in serum and bile of rats have been determined at different periods after a single oral dosage of these compounds (30 or 300 mg/kg body weight)."( Toxicokinetics of the herbicide dichlorprop and its leucinate and their action on liver mixed function oxidase in rats.
Banasiak, U; Beitz, H; Clausing, P; Gericke, S, 1985)		0.87
" According to the dose-response fitting curve of DCPP and the combination with Cu(II), 40 μM (R)-DCPP and (S)-DCPP, whose toxicities were low enough to not significantly perturb the Cu(II) toxicity, were selected as the chiral perturbation factor."( Evaluation of the role of the glutathione redox cycle in Cu(II) toxicity to green algae by a chiral perturbation approach.
Chen, H; Chen, J; Guo, Y; Liu, J; Liu, W; Wen, Y, 2012)		0.38
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
monocarboxylic acidAn oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
aromatic etherAny ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.
dichlorobenzeneAny member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.17730.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259247; AID743036
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.52920.000817.505159.3239AID1159527
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.41080.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1259401
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.18660.000229.305416,493.5996AID588514; AID743075
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency53.25470.001024.504861.6448AID588534; AID743212
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency65.05800.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085; AID743122
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (28)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1092051Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 0.5 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092058Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weight at 0.05 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092054Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weight at 0.1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID439611Antagonist activity at mouse T1R2/T1R3 receptor expressed in HEK293E cells assessed as inhibition of sucralose-induced intracellular calcium mobilization2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 52, Issue:21
Phenoxy herbicides and fibrates potently inhibit the human chemosensory receptor subunit T1R3.
AID1092052Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of shoot height at 0.1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092038Induction of hydroxyl radical production in Zea mays (maize) root assessed as PBN adducts formation at 1 mg/L measured after 3 days by EPR analysis2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092047Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092060Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of shoot height at 0.02 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092053Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of root length at 0.1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092061Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of root length at 0.02 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID439612Antagonist activity at human T1R2/T1R3 receptor expressed in HEK293E cells assessed as inhibition of sucralose-induced intracellular calcium mobilization2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 52, Issue:21
Phenoxy herbicides and fibrates potently inhibit the human chemosensory receptor subunit T1R3.
AID1092039Induction of hydroxyl radical production in Zea mays (maize) root assessed as ROS adducts formation at 1 mg/L measured after 3 days by EPR analysis2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092040Induction of POD activity in Zea mays (maize) root at 0.05 mg/L measured after 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092046Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weight at 1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092057Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of root length at 0.05 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092045Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of root length at 1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092049Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of root length at 0.5 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092043Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of shoot height at 1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1513955Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A alpha1beta3gamma2S receptor (unknown origin) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as increase in GABA-induced chloride current at 30 uM after 5 mins at -70 mV holding potential by two-microelectrode voltage
AID1092048Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of shoot height at 0.5 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092044Induction of SOD activity in Zea mays (maize) root at 0.02 mg/L measured after 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1513956Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A alpha1beta3gamma2S receptor (unknown origin) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as increase in GABA-induced chloride current at 100 uM after 5 mins at -70 mV holding potential by two-microelectrode voltag
AID1092059Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 0.05 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092055Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 0.1 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092063Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 0.02 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092050Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weight at 0.5 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092062Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weight at 0.02 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
AID1092056Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) assessed as inhibition of shoot height at 0.05 mg/L and at 25 degC/20 degC day/night temperature 14 hr photoperiod for 3 days2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-27, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Enantioselective oxidative damage of chiral pesticide dichlorprop to maize.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (110)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199018 (16.36)18.7374
1990's19 (17.27)18.2507
2000's29 (26.36)29.6817
2010's35 (31.82)24.3611
2020's9 (8.18)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 26.96

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index26.96 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.74 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.69 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index52.69 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.44 (0.95)

This Compound (26.96)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (0.88%)5.53%
Reviews1 (0.88%)6.00%
Case Studies3 (2.65%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other108 (95.58%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		210monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		1.9610amino-acid anion
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.2110alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.0610halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		2.0510indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.0410oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.0510aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.		3.150chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
trichlorobenzene		defoliant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		12.071040chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid
4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid: structure. 2,4-DB : A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. A selective post-emergence herbicide.		2.0210aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		agrochemical;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.0310dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
bentazone
bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.		3.2860benzothiadiazineenvironmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		210aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		2.0310hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		1.9710aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		2.4620aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.4620dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		1.9710fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		2.4620aromatic etherantilipemic drug
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		1.9710barbiturates
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.4120monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
indolepropionic acid
indolepropionic acid: structure in third source. 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid : An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3.		2.0510indol-3-yl carboxylic acidauxin;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.6930benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
metolachlor
metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.		7.0510aromatic amide;
benzenes;
ether;
organochlorine compound
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		210aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		210naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		210phthalimides;
piperidones
2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid
2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid: structure given in first source. 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid : A chlorobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid in which the ring hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are substituted by chloro groups.		2.0210chlorobenzoic acid;
dichlorobenzene		bacterial metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.7330tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		2.0210adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		1.9610amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		2.0810boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
boron trifluoride
[no description available]		2.0810boron fluorideNMR chemical shift reference compound
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.0610tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.		7.110organic cationdefoliant;
herbicide
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.		2.0510naphthylacetic acidsynthetic auxin
mecoprop
mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.		5.85300aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
fenoprop
fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure		3.1150monocarboxylic acidphenoxy herbicide
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		210benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		11.02360chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-d n-butyl ester
[no description available]		1.9710
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		3.99115-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
glycidyl methacrylate
glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.		2.0310enoate ester;
epoxide
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0110aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
2,4-dichlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.		2.0210dichlorophenol
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		210methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
indolebutyric acid
indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.		2.0510indol-3-yl carboxylic acidauxin;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
thiazoles
[no description available]		1.95101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
crufomate
crufomate: was MH 1976-92 (see under INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHATE 1976-90); use ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS to search CRUFOMATE 1976-92; an insecticide used extensively for the control of cattle grubs, cattle lice, and hornflies		2.4220alkylbenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		210dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.0610dialdehydebiomarker
2-phenoxypropanoic acid
2-phenoxypropanoic acid: structure in first source		2.0810aromatic ether;
carboxylic acid
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		710alkali metal hydroxide
ferrous oxide
[no description available]		2.0610iron oxide
bromoxynil
bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.		2.0610dibromobenzene;
hydroxynitrile;
phenols		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
picloram
Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.		1.9610aminopyridine;
chloropyridine;
organochlorine pesticide;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,6-dichlorobenzamide
[no description available]		210benzamides;
dichlorobenzene		herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0810monocarboxylic acidphenoxy herbicide
erbium
Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.		7.0610f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
aluminum chloride
Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.		2.0610aluminium coordination entityLewis acid
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.0810dihydrogen
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		7.4320elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
3,5-dichlorocatechol
3,5-dichlorocatechol : A dichlorocatechol carrying chloro groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0310dichlorocatechol
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.		2.0510chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		phenoxy herbicide
tiletamine hydrochloride
Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.0810
methabenzthiazuron
[no description available]		1.9510benzothiazoles
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.0410benzenes;
phenyl acetates
isoproturon
isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureaagrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propionic acid
2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propionic acid: an herbicide; structure in first source. diclofop : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diclofop. It is a metabolite of declofop-methyl and a postemergence herbicide used for the control of wild oats and annual weeds in wheat, barley, rye and broad-leaved crops.. 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid : An aromatic ether that is 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 4 has been substituted by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0410aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
diether;
monocarboxylic acid
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
dichlorfop-methyl
dichlorfop-methyl: structure; herbicide for control of wild oat & foxtails in cereal crops. diclofop-methyl : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diclofop-methyl. A proherbicide for diclofop, it is used for the control of wild oats and annual weeds in wheat, barley, rye and broad-leaved crops.. methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid with methanol.		2.0410aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
diether;
methyl ester
haloxyfop
haloxyfop: RN given refers to parent cpd. haloxyfop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of haloxyfop-P (the more active, R enantiomer) and (S)-haloxyfop (the less active enantiomer). A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial grass weeds. Commercial use of the racemate was phased out in favour of the most active enantiomer, used as the proherbicide esters haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl.. 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl ring has been replaced by a [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy group.		2.0310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines
erbium chloride
[no description available]		2.0610
dichlorprop methyl ester
[no description available]		210
sulcotrione
sulcotrione: a bleaching herbicide. sulcotrione : An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexane-1,3-dione substituted by a 2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl group at position 2.		2.0810aromatic ketone;
beta-triketone;
cyclohexanones;
sulfone		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		2.0610cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
tamsulosin
[no description available]		3.99115-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid
2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid: a sweetness inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
carboxylic acid
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		2.0710methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.4720oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.0310
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		2.2110cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		210cyclodextrin
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.04102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		3.9911benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.0110boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		2.0610
ristocetin
Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.		210glycopeptide;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		2.4720chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
chitosan
[no description available]		2.4620
lactisole
lactisole: structure in first source		2.0510
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		210benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
coumachlor
coumachlor: C19-H15-Cl-O4		210hydroxycoumarin
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		2.0810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
4 Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Deficiency Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Emesis
[description not available]		02.0810
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		02.0810
Tyrosinemias
A group of disorders which have in common elevations of tyrosine in the blood and urine secondary to an enzyme deficiency. Type I tyrosinemia features episodic weakness, self-mutilation, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular injury, and seizures and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase. Type II tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, painful corneal ulcers, and keratoses of the palms and plantar surfaces and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE. Type III tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp42-3)		02.0810
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.0810
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.0810
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		01.9610
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		01.9610
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.9240
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.910
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		02.910
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.910
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		01.9910
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		01.9710
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		01.9710
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		01.9710
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		01.9710
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9710