propranolol has been researched along with Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary in 43 studies
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.
propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
---|---|---|
"A 33-day-old female with an ulcerated infantile hemangioma (IH) undergoing oral therapy with propranolol 2 mg/kg per day developed hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia 24 h after starting medication." | 7.78 | Tumor lysis syndrome after propranolol therapy in ulcerative infantile hemangioma: rare complication or incidental finding? ( Buffon, RB; Cavalli, R; Colli, AM; de Souza, M; Gelmetti, C, 2012) |
"Propranolol-induced involution is a unique biological feature of some pediatric vascular tumors, for instance infantile hemangioma (IH), cerebral cavernoma or chorioangioma." | 3.83 | The embryo-placental CD15-positive "vasculogenic zones" as a source of propranolol-sensitive pediatric vascular tumors. ( Anspach, L; Roth, W; Seidmann, L, 2016) |
"A 33-day-old female with an ulcerated infantile hemangioma (IH) undergoing oral therapy with propranolol 2 mg/kg per day developed hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia 24 h after starting medication." | 3.78 | Tumor lysis syndrome after propranolol therapy in ulcerative infantile hemangioma: rare complication or incidental finding? ( Buffon, RB; Cavalli, R; Colli, AM; de Souza, M; Gelmetti, C, 2012) |
" However, other less lipophilic β-blockers, such as nadolol, may be preferable in individuals who experience propranolol unresponsiveness or adverse events." | 3.11 | Noninferiority and Safety of Nadolol vs Propranolol in Infants With Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Drolet, B; Kanigsberg, N; Lara-Corrales, I; Liy-Wong, C; Ma, J; Pope, E; Sibbald, C, 2022) |
"Propranolol has revolutionized the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, and other beta-blockers provide promising alternatives." | 2.52 | Beta-blockers for childhood vascular tumors. ( Bayart, CB; Brandling-Bennett, HA, 2015) |
"Our observations show that gradually increasing the dosage of propranolol up to 3 mg/kg and gradually weaning the dosage is safe and effective in treatment of problematic IH." | 2.50 | Treatment of problematic infantile hemangiomas with propranolol: a series of 40 cases and review of the literature. ( Dębek, W; Dzienis-Koronkiewicz, E; Hermanowicz, A; Matuszczak, E; Oksiuta, M; Tylicka, M, 2014) |
"Congenital or atypical nevi of the child benefit from genetic progress or improvement of clinical knowledge." | 2.49 | [What’s new in pediatric dermatology?]. ( Lacour, JP, 2013) |
"Propranolol has been the first-line treatment for alarming hemangiomas." | 1.48 | Intralesional Bleomycin Injection for Propranolol-Resistant Hemangiomas. ( Chang, L; Chen, H; Jin, Y; Lin, X; Ma, G; Yang, X, 2018) |
" Atenolol and prednisolone are effective and safe alternatives to propranolol in the treatment of refractory IHs." | 1.48 | Intolerable side effects during propranolol therapy for infantile hemangioma: frequency, risk factors and management. ( Chen, S; Ji, Y; Lu, G; Qiu, L; Wang, Q; Xiang, B; Xu, Z; Yang, K; Zhong, L, 2018) |
"Propranolol treatment (2 mg/kg/day in three doses) for infantile haemangioma is well tolerated and safe and may be administered and monitored in an ambulatory setting." | 1.48 | Safety profile during initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an ambulatory day-care hospitalization setting. ( Atar Snir, V; Ben-Amitai, D; Fogel, I; Friedland, R; Lapidoth, M; Ollech, A; Valdman-Greenshpon, Y; Zvulunov, A, 2018) |
"Propranolol is an effective drug in treating IH." | 1.46 | Ultrasonography as an objective tool for assessment of infantile hemangioma treatment with propranolol. ( Alvarenga, JG; Bouer, M; de Oliveira Labinas, GH; de Oliveira, ZN; Rivitti-Machado, MC; Rotter, A; Samorano, LP; Santos, PC; Silvestre, DA, 2017) |
"Propranolol 4% gel is a safe and efficient topical therapy for IH." | 1.46 | Assessment of the effectiveness of topical propranolol 4% gel for infantile hemangiomas. ( Goldberg, I; Harel, A; Ilan, EB; Kutz, A; Mashiah, J; Rabia, SH; Sprecher, E, 2017) |
"Propranolol is a well-tolerated, efficacious, and safe drug for treatment of IH." | 1.43 | Treatment with propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: single-center experience. ( Bör, Ö; Özdemir, ZC; Turhan, AB, 2016) |
"Propranolol was initiated at 0." | 1.42 | Scoring the therapeutic effects of oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma: A prospective study comparing the Hemangioma Activity Score (HAS) with the Hemangioma Severity Scale (HSS). ( de Laat, PC; Janmohamed, SR; Madern, GC; Oranje, AP; van Oosterhout, M; van Rosmalen, J, 2015) |
"Propranolol (a β-blocker) is a safe treatment for problematic IH." | 1.40 | Propranolol in infantile haemangioma: simplifying pretreatment monitoring. ( de Buys Roessingh, A; El Ezzi, O; Hohlfeld, J, 2014) |
"Oral propranolol is now the treatment of choice in many situations." | 1.39 | Ulcerated nasal infantile haemangioma treated by oral propranolol. ( Al Dosari, S; Riad, H, 2013) |
"Propranolol was stopped in 1 case for hypotension and in 1 case for allergy." | 1.39 | Treatment of infantile capillary hemangioma of the eyelid with systemic propranolol. ( Di Mezza, A; Forte, R; Magli, A; Vassallo, P, 2013) |
" A treatment dosage of 2 mg/kg per day was started at mean age 5." | 1.37 | Refractive and structural changes in infantile periocular capillary haemangioma treated with propranolol. ( Ben-Amitay, D; Friling, R; Goldenberg-Cohen, N; Reich, U; Ron, Y; Siegel, R; Snir, M; Zvulunov, A, 2011) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 41 (95.35) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 2 (4.65) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Pope, E | 1 |
Lara-Corrales, I | 1 |
Sibbald, C | 1 |
Liy-Wong, C | 1 |
Kanigsberg, N | 1 |
Drolet, B | 1 |
Ma, J | 1 |
Moisan, F | 1 |
Oucherif, S | 1 |
Kaulanjan-Checkmodine, P | 1 |
Prey, S | 1 |
Rousseau, B | 1 |
Bonneu, M | 1 |
Claverol, S | 1 |
Gontier, E | 1 |
Lacomme, S | 1 |
Dousset, L | 1 |
Couffinhal, T | 1 |
Toutain, J | 1 |
Loot, M | 1 |
Cario-André, M | 1 |
Jullié, ML | 1 |
Léauté-Labrèze, C | 1 |
Taieb, A | 1 |
Rezvani, HR | 1 |
Marey, HM | 1 |
Elmazar, HF | 1 |
Mandour, SS | 1 |
Khairy, HA | 1 |
Koka, K | 1 |
Mukherjee, B | 1 |
Agarkar, S | 1 |
Chang, L | 1 |
Chen, H | 1 |
Yang, X | 1 |
Jin, Y | 1 |
Ma, G | 1 |
Lin, X | 1 |
Onnis, G | 1 |
Dreyfus, I | 1 |
Mazereeuw-Hautier, J | 1 |
Seamens, A | 1 |
Nieman, E | 1 |
Losavio, K | 1 |
Bradley, B | 1 |
Nelson, K | 1 |
Chen, KH | 1 |
Chen, S | 2 |
Arbiser, J | 1 |
Lawley, LP | 1 |
Ji, Y | 1 |
Wang, Q | 1 |
Xiang, B | 1 |
Xu, Z | 1 |
Zhong, L | 1 |
Yang, K | 1 |
Lu, G | 1 |
Qiu, L | 1 |
Fogel, I | 1 |
Ollech, A | 1 |
Zvulunov, A | 2 |
Valdman-Greenshpon, Y | 1 |
Atar Snir, V | 1 |
Friedland, R | 1 |
Lapidoth, M | 1 |
Ben-Amitai, D | 1 |
Xu, MN | 1 |
Zhang, M | 1 |
Xu, Y | 1 |
Wang, M | 1 |
Yuan, SM | 1 |
Ganti, AK | 1 |
Ray, J | 1 |
Mooney, KL | 1 |
Zambrano, E | 1 |
Hillard, PJA | 1 |
Fok, W | 1 |
Babic, V | 1 |
Schoeffler, A | 1 |
Moawad, S | 1 |
Mainard, L | 1 |
Schmutz, JL | 1 |
Bursztejn, AC | 1 |
Krick, J | 1 |
Riehle, K | 1 |
Chapman, T | 1 |
Chabra, S | 1 |
Ho, W | 1 |
Hoo, C | 1 |
Black, C | 1 |
Lee, KC | 1 |
Bercovitch, L | 1 |
Al Dosari, S | 1 |
Riad, H | 1 |
Herschthal, J | 1 |
Wulkan, A | 1 |
George, M | 1 |
Waibel, J | 1 |
May, JE | 1 |
Liew, SH | 1 |
Lacour, JP | 1 |
El Ezzi, O | 1 |
Hohlfeld, J | 1 |
de Buys Roessingh, A | 1 |
Bellaud, G | 1 |
Puzenat, E | 1 |
Billon-Grand, NC | 1 |
Humbert, P | 1 |
Aubin, F | 1 |
Janmohamed, SR | 2 |
Madern, GC | 2 |
de Laat, PC | 2 |
Oranje, AP | 2 |
Oksiuta, M | 1 |
Matuszczak, E | 1 |
Dębek, W | 1 |
Dzienis-Koronkiewicz, E | 1 |
Hermanowicz, A | 1 |
Tylicka, M | 1 |
Natawidjaja, R | 1 |
Ewen Wang, N | 1 |
Jacks, SK | 1 |
Kertesz, NJ | 1 |
Witman, PM | 1 |
Fernandez Faith, E | 1 |
Bayart, CB | 1 |
Brandling-Bennett, HA | 1 |
van Oosterhout, M | 1 |
van Rosmalen, J | 1 |
Moyakine, AV | 2 |
Hermans, DJ | 1 |
Fuijkschot, J | 1 |
van der Vleuten, CJ | 2 |
Seidmann, L | 1 |
Anspach, L | 1 |
Roth, W | 1 |
Kerstjens, JM | 1 |
Spillekom-van Koulil, S | 1 |
Turhan, AB | 1 |
Bör, Ö | 1 |
Özdemir, ZC | 1 |
Rizvi, SA | 1 |
Mehmood, F | 1 |
Agrawal, A | 1 |
Rotter, A | 1 |
Samorano, LP | 1 |
de Oliveira Labinas, GH | 1 |
Alvarenga, JG | 1 |
Rivitti-Machado, MC | 1 |
Bouer, M | 1 |
Santos, PC | 1 |
Silvestre, DA | 1 |
de Oliveira, ZN | 1 |
Mashiah, J | 1 |
Kutz, A | 1 |
Rabia, SH | 1 |
Ilan, EB | 1 |
Goldberg, I | 1 |
Sprecher, E | 1 |
Harel, A | 1 |
Smithson, SL | 1 |
Rademaker, M | 1 |
Adams, S | 1 |
Bade, S | 1 |
Bekhor, P | 1 |
Davidson, S | 1 |
Dore, A | 1 |
Drummond, C | 1 |
Fischer, G | 1 |
Gin, A | 1 |
Grills, C | 1 |
Halbert, A | 1 |
Lokmic, Z | 1 |
McCahon, E | 1 |
Morgan, VA | 1 |
Murrell, DF | 1 |
Orchard, D | 1 |
Penington, A | 1 |
Purvis, D | 1 |
Relic, J | 1 |
Robertson, S | 1 |
Robinson, AJ | 1 |
Scardamaglia, L | 1 |
Su, J | 1 |
Tan, S | 1 |
Wargon, O | 1 |
Warren, L | 1 |
Wong, LC | 1 |
Zappala, T | 1 |
Phillips, R | 1 |
Mai, C | 1 |
Vega-Pérez, A | 1 |
Koch, M | 1 |
Bertelmann, E | 1 |
Sciveres, M | 1 |
Marrone, G | 1 |
Pipitone, S | 1 |
Riva, S | 1 |
Spada, M | 1 |
Gridelli, B | 1 |
Maggiore, G | 1 |
Koay, AC | 1 |
Choo, MM | 1 |
Nathan, AM | 1 |
Omar, A | 1 |
Lim, CT | 1 |
Snir, M | 1 |
Reich, U | 1 |
Siegel, R | 1 |
Friling, R | 1 |
Goldenberg-Cohen, N | 1 |
Ron, Y | 1 |
Ben-Amitay, D | 1 |
Williams, K | 1 |
Woolf, R | 1 |
Morrison, D | 1 |
Cavalli, R | 1 |
Buffon, RB | 1 |
de Souza, M | 1 |
Colli, AM | 1 |
Gelmetti, C | 1 |
Hirahara, S | 1 |
Matsuda, K | 1 |
Toyama, K | 1 |
Nagano, Y | 1 |
Nagai, N | 1 |
Tono, T | 1 |
Vassallo, P | 1 |
Forte, R | 1 |
Di Mezza, A | 1 |
Magli, A | 1 |
Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nadolol Versus Propranolol in Children With Infantile Hemangiomas: a Randomized, Controlled, Double-blinded Trial[NCT02505971] | Phase 3 | 74 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-30 | Completed | ||
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] |
6 reviews available for propranolol and Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary
Article | Year |
---|---|
[Rare presentations of infantile hemangiomas: 4 cases].
Topics: Biopsy; Buttocks; Delayed Diagnosis; Erythema; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Foot Diseases; Hemangioma, | 2018 |
Update on infantile hemangiomas.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; N | 2013 |
[What’s new in pediatric dermatology?].
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatology; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplas | 2013 |
Educational paper: Pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma, an update 2014 (part I).
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subuni | 2015 |
Treatment of problematic infantile hemangiomas with propranolol: a series of 40 cases and review of the literature.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; In | 2014 |
Beta-blockers for childhood vascular tumors.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Atenolol; Child, Prescho | 2015 |
2 trials available for propranolol and Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary
Article | Year |
---|---|
Noninferiority and Safety of Nadolol vs Propranolol in Infants With Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Double-Blind Method; Equivalence Trials as Topic; | 2022 |
Combined Oral and Topical Beta Blockers for the Treatment of Early Proliferative Superficial Periocular Infantile Capillary Hemangioma.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2018 |
35 other studies available for propranolol and Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary
Article | Year |
---|---|
Critical role of Aquaporin-1 and telocytes in infantile hemangioma response to propranolol beta blockade.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Aquaporin 1; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Hemangioma, Capi | 2021 |
Effect of oral propranolol on periocular Capillary Hemangiomas of Infancy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Ma | 2018 |
Intralesional Bleomycin Injection for Propranolol-Resistant Hemangiomas.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bleomycin; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; In | 2018 |
Factors associated with delayed referral for infantile hemangioma necessitating propranolol.
Topics: Age of Onset; Clinical Competence; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Hemangioma, Capill | 2018 |
Salivary levels of angiopoietin-2 in infants with infantile haemangiomas treated with and without systemic propranolol.
Topics: Angiopoietin-2; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditar | 2018 |
Intolerable side effects during propranolol therapy for infantile hemangioma: frequency, risk factors and management.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Hemangioma, Ca | 2018 |
Safety profile during initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an ambulatory day-care hospitalization setting.
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Analysis of Variance; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2018 |
Individualized Treatment for Infantile Hemangioma.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Betamethasone; Carteolol; Female; Glucocorticoids; | 2018 |
Unusual Cause of Pediatric Vaginal Bleeding: Infantile Capillary Hemangioma of the Cervix.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Cervix Uteri; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Female; Hemang | 2019 |
Recurrent bloody stools associated with visceral infantile haemangioma in a preterm twin girl.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemangiom | 2018 |
Treatment of Infantile Haemangioma - Perspective of a Regional Surgical Centre.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; Female; Heman | 2019 |
Ulcerated nasal infantile haemangioma treated by oral propranolol.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; N | 2013 |
Additive effect of propranolol and pulsed dye laser for infantile hemangioma.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Infant, Premature; Infant, | 2013 |
A new treatment pathway for propranolol use in infantile haemangiomas.
Topics: Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Parents; P | 2014 |
Propranolol in infantile haemangioma: simplifying pretreatment monitoring.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Drug Monitoring; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Facial Neopla | 2014 |
PHACE syndrome, a series of six patients: clinical and morphological manifestations, propranolol efficacy, and safety.
Topics: Aortic Coarctation; Child; Child, Preschool; Eye Abnormalities; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Hemangioma | 2015 |
Nonsurgical treatment of two cases of infantile facial growths in a resource-poor setting.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Indonesia; | 2015 |
Experience with Holter monitoring during propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Ambulatory Care; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child, Preschool | 2015 |
Scoring the therapeutic effects of oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma: A prospective study comparing the Hemangioma Activity Score (HAS) with the Hemangioma Severity Scale (HSS).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response R | 2015 |
Propranolol treatment of infantile hemangiomas does not negatively affect psychomotor development.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplastic Sy | 2015 |
The embryo-placental CD15-positive "vasculogenic zones" as a source of propranolol-sensitive pediatric vascular tumors.
Topics: Age of Onset; Cell Lineage; Child; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Embryo, Mammalian; Endothelial Cells; | 2016 |
Propranolol treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) is not associated with developmental risk or growth impairment at age 4 years.
Topics: Body Height; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemangi | 2016 |
Treatment with propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: single-center experience.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplastic Syndromes, | 2016 |
Bilateral congenital infantile hemangioma of upper eyelids.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Female; Hemangioma, Ca | 2016 |
Ultrasonography as an objective tool for assessment of infantile hemangioma treatment with propranolol.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Male; | 2017 |
Assessment of the effectiveness of topical propranolol 4% gel for infantile hemangiomas.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Female; Gels; | 2017 |
Consensus statement for the treatment of infantile haemangiomas with propranolol.
Topics: Consensus; Drug Monitoring; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Patient | 2017 |
[Successful treatment of orbital capillary hemangioma with propranolol].
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Biopsy; Exophthalmos; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Ma | 2011 |
Successful first-line treatment with propranolol of multifocal infantile hepatic hemangioma with high-flow cardiac overload.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Liver; Liver Transp | 2011 |
Combined low-dose oral propranolol and oral prednisolone as first-line treatment in periocular infantile hemangiomas.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eyelid Diseases; Femal | 2011 |
Refractive and structural changes in infantile periocular capillary haemangioma treated with propranolol.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Eyelid Neoplasms; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Male; | 2011 |
Periocular lesion in an infant.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Eyelid Neoplasms; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Laser | 2011 |
Tumor lysis syndrome after propranolol therapy in ulcerative infantile hemangioma: rare complication or incidental finding?
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hyperphosphatemia; Infan | 2012 |
[A case of propranolol therapy for infantile capillary hemangiomas of the parotis].
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; | 2012 |
Treatment of infantile capillary hemangioma of the eyelid with systemic propranolol.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Child; Child, Preschool; Eyelid Neoplasms; Female | 2013 |