Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

An idiopathic syndrome characterized by the formation of granulation tissue in the anterior cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, producing a painful ophthalmoplegia. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271)

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Research

Studies (66)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's1 (1.52)12.5806
2000's30 (45.45)18.1394
2010's30 (45.45)28.8240
2020's5 (7.58)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
gamma-aminobutyric acid0low10
diclofenac0low10
valproic acid0low10
gabapentin0low10
propranolol0low10
prednisolone0low220
prednisone0low70
ampicillin0low10
methylprednisolone0low110
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate0low10
gadolinium0low50
phenyl acetate0low10
amoxicillin0low10
propiconazole0low150
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low10
methotrexate0low20
enclomiphene0low10
clavulanic acid0low10
enalapril0low10
gadolinium dtpa0low30
g(m2) ganglioside0low10
g(m1) ganglioside0low10
acyclovir0low10
folic acid0low10
eye0low10

Protein Targets (521)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain E, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein4004
Chain B, HADH2 protein4004
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain5005
Thymidine kinase 0101
thioredoxin reductase4004
phosphopantetheinyl transferase4004
GLS protein2002
TDP1 protein7007
Smad32002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
arylsulfatase A3003
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 26006
activating transcription factor 62002
Histone H2A.x2002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 14004
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
lamin isoform A-delta105005
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0102
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30606
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40608
Solute carrier family 22 member 60001
Bile salt export pump0606
Bile salt export pump011011
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0001
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 20001
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0506
Cytochrome P450 2J20505
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60103
Thymidine kinase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80002
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10606
Thymidine kinase0101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE5005
Chain A, Beta-lactamase4004
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase4004
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0102
AR protein7007
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha8008
Beta-lactamase 0001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 13003
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)4004
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
Beta-lactamase SHV-10102
Beta-lactamase SHV-10203
Beta-lactamase0102
Kappa-type opioid receptor0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10404
Solute carrier family 15 member 10303
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20202
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0102
Solute carrier family 15 member 20202
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0001
Chain A, Mutant Al2 6e7p9g0011
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
Beta-lactamase 0001
acid sphingomyelinase3003
GLI family zinc finger 36006
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 15005
farnesoid X nuclear receptor5005
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0102
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
chromobox protein homolog 13003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 24004
DNA polymerase beta3003
geminin5005
Carbonic anhydrase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 20213
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Beta-lactamase OXA-70001
Spike glycoprotein2002
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0011
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0102
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130001
Efflux transporter 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase Toho-10001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Class D beta-lactamase0102
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0102
Beta-lactamase 0001
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Metallo-b-lactamase 0002
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0203
Histamine H3 receptor0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0002
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase4004
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Neutrophil elastase0101
Beta-lactamase OXA-10101
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Beta-lactamase TEM0203
Beta-lactamase0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B100101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90103
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Dihydrofolate reductase0304
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20101
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0202
Transthyretin0013
Albumin0123
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Cytochrome P450 3A40303
Interleukin-80101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70204
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60203
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10202
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 90101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10202
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100101
endonuclease IV1001
USP1 protein, partial4004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]7007
peripheral myelin protein 223003
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0101
Type-2 angiotensin II receptor0101
Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
IDH13003
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40404
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Estrogen receptor0404
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0326
Adenosine receptor A30314
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10314
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0415
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0314
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0214
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0326
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30314
Substance-K receptor0202
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0415
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0404
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Alpha-synuclein2002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0415
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0314
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60415
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10404
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE4004
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A14004
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha4004
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha7007
glucocerebrosidase1001
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor3003
alpha-galactosidase2002
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 25005
Cellular tumor antigen p536006
Thymidylate synthase0404
Thymidylate synthase0303
Dihydrofolate reductase0235
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0104
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30102
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0104
Multidrug resistance associated protein0103
thioredoxin glutathione reductase2002
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-30011
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
Hsf1 protein0011
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Histone deacetylase 30303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-10022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60314
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50112
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20112
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10011
Histone deacetylase 40303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0001
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0001
TAR DNA-binding protein 433003
Histone deacetylase 10303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60112
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10011
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0011
Histone deacetylase 70303
GABA theta subunit0314
Histone deacetylase 20303
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100303
Histone deacetylase 11 0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Histone deacetylase 80303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0314
Platelet glycoprotein VI0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10011
Histone deacetylase 60303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10011
Histone deacetylase 90303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Histone deacetylase 50303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
dopamine D1 receptor1001
ClpP1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
Microtubule-associated protein tau1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
progesterone receptor5005
67.9K protein1001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma3003
Thymidylate synthase 0101
Thymidylate synthase 0101
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
flap endonuclease 11001
snurportin-11001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 14004
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Integrin beta-31001
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0102
High mobility group protein B10011
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Folate receptor beta0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Histidine decarboxylase0101
Glutamate receptor 23003
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0001
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Reduced folate transporter0202
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Caspase-71001
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Pteridine reductase 10101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-26006
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20001
acetylcholinesterase1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit2002
PPM1D protein1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
nonstructural protein 12002
pregnane X nuclear receptor4004
G1001
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a5005
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Interferon beta2002
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
Glucocorticoid receptor06213
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10606
Androgen receptor0303
Glycine receptor subunit beta0606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30606
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
Luciferase2002
luciferase0001
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma2002
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 41001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)2002
Progesterone receptor0203
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0213
Androgen receptor0202
Glutamine synthetase0011
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Nociceptin receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta0202
pregnane X receptor3003
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
SMAD family member 21001
SMAD family member 31001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Histamine H2 receptor1001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0113
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0213
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0203
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
D(2) dopamine receptor0112
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0214
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0214
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0011
D(1A) dopamine receptor0112
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0112
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0012
Endothelin-1 receptor0112
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Adenosine receptor A2a0112
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70112
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0124
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0012
Mu-type opioid receptor0112
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
Delta-type opioid receptor0112
Kappa-type opioid receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0113
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
Cocaine esterase0101
Cytochrome P450 2A60101
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]