Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai]
Positive regulation of neurogenesis is a complex biological process that involves a precise orchestration of molecular events leading to the production of new neurons. This process is crucial for brain development, maintenance, and repair throughout life. Here is a detailed description:
1. **Signal Reception and Induction:** The process begins with the reception of extracellular signals by progenitor cells, which are undifferentiated cells with the potential to become neurons. These signals can be various growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters, which activate specific signaling pathways within the progenitor cells.
2. **Transcriptional Regulation:** Activated signaling pathways trigger the expression of specific genes involved in neuronal development. These genes encode transcription factors, which bind to regulatory elements in the DNA and control the expression of target genes involved in various aspects of neurogenesis.
3. **Cell Cycle Control:** The expression of specific genes regulates the cell cycle progression of progenitor cells. This involves the coordinated activation and inactivation of various proteins that control cell division, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and CDK inhibitors.
4. **Cell Differentiation and Neuronal Identity:** Once progenitor cells exit the cell cycle, they undergo a process of differentiation, acquiring specific neuronal features. This involves the expression of neuronal-specific genes, including genes encoding for neuronal proteins, receptors, and neurotransmitters.
5. **Migration and Integration:** Newly generated neurons migrate to their final destinations in the brain, guided by various molecular cues. They then establish connections with other neurons, forming synapses, which are specialized junctions that allow communication between neurons.
6. **Synapse Formation and Circuitry:** The formation of synapses is a complex process that involves the expression of genes encoding for synapse-associated proteins and the precise alignment of pre- and postsynaptic structures. These connections allow for the integration of newly generated neurons into existing neuronal circuits, contributing to brain function.
7. **Synaptic Plasticity and Refinement:** After integration into circuits, neurons undergo further refinement and adaptation through processes like synaptic plasticity. This allows for the fine-tuning of neuronal connections and the learning and memory functions of the brain.
Positive regulation of neurogenesis involves a delicate balance of these molecular events, ensuring the efficient production of new neurons with the appropriate identity and functionality. Dysregulation of this process can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Mu-type opioid receptor | A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:P79350, PRO:DNx] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 | A G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q99527] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alpha-mannosidase 2 | An alpha-mannosidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16706] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P35372] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 | A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P21980] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | An angiotensin-converting enzyme that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P12821] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neprilysin | A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P08473] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gallic acid | gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| bremazocine | |||
| 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine | DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group. | oxopurine | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| amiodarone | amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| astemizole | astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| bithionol | bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders. Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations. | aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol | antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug |
| buspirone | buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM. | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| chlorpromazine | chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup. | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| clotrimazole | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| disulfiram | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor | |
| thiorphan | Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| domperidone | domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms. | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist |
| econazole | 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| fentanyl | fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078) | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| fluphenazine | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug | |
| fluspirilene | Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia. | diarylmethane | |
| gr 89696 | GR 89696: a potent & selective kappa opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to (E)-2-butenedioate(1:1); RN for parent cpd not available 11/92; GR 103545 is the (R)-isomer | acetamides | |
| haloperidol | haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| ifenprodil | ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist | piperidines | |
| 1-(2-naphthalenyl)-3-[(phenylmethyl)-propan-2-ylamino]-1-propanone | ZM39923: structure in first source | naphthalenes | |
| beta-lapachone | beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| loperamide | loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally. | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| losartan | losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II. | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| vitamin k 3 | Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| meperidine | Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| methadone | 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction. Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3) | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| miconazole | 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid | 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6. pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert | arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde | purinergic receptor P2X antagonist |
| propranolol | propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs. | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| raloxifene | raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| suramin | suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| ultram | 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
| tuaminoheptane | tuaminoheptane: RN given refers to parent cpd | alkylamine | |
| meperidine hydrochloride | pethidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of pethidine. An analgesic used for the treatment of postoperative and labour pain. | hydrochloride | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| reserpine | reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use. | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| ethinyl estradiol | 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| edetic acid | Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| 5-bromoisatin | indoles | anticoronaviral agent | |
| isatin | tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal; | indoledione | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| dibenzothiazyl disulfide | dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry. dibenzothiazyl disulfide: vulcanizing accelerant | benzothiazoles; organic disulfide | allergen |
| catechin | (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives. Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| indopan | alpha-methyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position. indopan: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | tryptamines | |
| cyproterone acetate | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester | androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin | |
| normethadone | normethadone: RN given refers to parent cpd | diarylmethane | |
| indirubin | |||
| gentian violet | crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain. Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties. | organic chloride salt | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye |
| glycylglycine | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | human metabolite | |
| etonitazene | etonitazene: was heading 1979-94 (see under BENZIMIDAZOLES 1979-90); ETONITAZIN was see ETONITAZENE 1979-94; use BENZIMIDAZOLES to search ETONITAZENE 1979-94; narcotic analgesic similar to morphine in action; used mainly to study narcotic habituation, tolerance, and withdrawal in laboratory animals | ||
| diphenoxylate | diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin. Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity. | ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine | antidiarrhoeal drug |
| pimozide | pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403) | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| cyclazocine | Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties. | ||
| danazol | Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| normeperidine | normeperidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | ||
| penfluridol | Penfluridol: One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS. | diarylmethane | |
| tramadol | (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia. Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating. | 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| sufentanil | sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent. | anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes | anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| captopril | captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin. | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| quinapril | quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE. | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| mifepristone | Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| spiradoline | spiradoline: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha,8beta)-(+-)-isomer; structure given in first source | ||
| enadoline | enadoline: kappa-opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; PD 129290 (CAM 570; CI 977) is the S,S(-)-enantiomer; PD 129289 (CAM 569) is the corresponding R,R(+)-enantiomer | ||
| carfentanil | carfentanil : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid. | methyl ester; piperidines; tertiary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; tranquilizing drug |
| fosinoprilat | fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group | L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| nelfinavir | nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. | aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor |
| telmisartan | telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION. | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| rentiapril | rentiapril: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | ||
| libenzapril | libenzapril: structure given in first source | dipeptide | |
| loperamide hydrochloride | loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| gallocatechol | (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration. | catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol | antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite |
| hesperetin | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite | |
| (-)-catechin | (-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin. | catechin | metabolite |
| corilagin | corilagin : An ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core. corilagin: isolated from Geranii herba | ellagitannin; gallate ester | antihypertensive agent; antioxidant; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| leucyl-alanine | Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanylproline | alanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| 5-Chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione | indoles | anticoronaviral agent | |
| 5-iodoisatin | 5-iodoisatin: structure in first source | indoles | anticoronaviral agent |
| moexipril | peptide | ||
| alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate | alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| glycyltryptophan | Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues. glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| zofenopril | zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat. zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt | aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester | anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent |
| glycyltyrosine | Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylleucine | Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| alanyltyrosine | Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage. alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycyl-l-phenylalanine | Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues. glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | human metabolite; metabolite |
| alanylphenylalanine | alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| tryptophylglycine | Trp-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylaspartic acid | glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| n-glycylglutamic acid | Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues. N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| histidylglycine | His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues. histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- | DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond. Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity. | heterodetic cyclic peptide | delta-opioid receptor agonist |
| vanoxerine | vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration. | hydrochloride | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| u 69593 | U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine. | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound | anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist |
| gr 127935 | GR 127935 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration. GR 127935: a 5-HT 1D receptor antagonist | 1,2,4-oxadiazole; benzamides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| perindopril | perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure. | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| epicatechin gallate | (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea | catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| quinaprilat | quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril. quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril | dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| benzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-proline | benzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-proline: synthetic angiotensin converting enzyme substrate | ||
| pd 128907 | |||
| way 100135 | WAY 100135: a selective antagonist at presynaptic & postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors; structure given in first source | piperazines | |
| bw 373u86 | BW 373U86: a nonpeptidic delta opioid receptor agonist | diarylmethane | |
| morphiceptin | morphiceptin: synthetic tetrapeptide with morphinelike activities, highly specific for morphine receptors, but not for enkephalin receptors; is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta casein; deproceptin is the D-Pro(4)-isomer; see also related heptapeptide beta-casomorphin; RN given refers to parent cpd(L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Pro)-isomer | oligopeptide | |
| enkephalin-leu, arg(6)- | |||
| tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide | tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide: dermorphin analog | ||
| met-enkephalinamide | |||
| sq 28603 | SQ 28603: a selective neutral endopeptidase inhibitor | ||
| glycylglutamine | glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite; protective agent |
| 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide | 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source | diarylmethane | |
| kelatorphan | kelatorphan: inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism; structure given in first source | ||
| 4-methoxymethylfentanyl | 4-methoxymethylfentanyl: structure given in first source | ||
| (3-(n-hydroxy)carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl)glycine | |||
| salvinorin a | salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum | organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound | metabolite; oneirogen |
| 2-(4-morpholinyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one | 2-(4-morpholinyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: an aminochromone; exhibits both antiproliferative and antichemotactic activity in vitro | ||
| ly 99335, (3r-cis)-isomer | |||
| cgs 26303 | CGS 26303: a potent non-peptidic inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase capable of protecting atrial natriuretic peptide from enzymatic degradation; structure given in first source | ||
| 3-(mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-piperidineacetic acid | |||
| retrothiorphan | retrothiorphan: RETRO-THIORPHAN was an EN to THIORPHAN 1989-93 | ||
| ly 106737 | LY 106737: RN given refers to (cis(+-)-isomer); structure given in first source | ||
| alpha-ergocryptine | alpha-ergocryptine : Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12', 2' and 5' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine. ergocryptine: a component of the ergotoxine complex; it is the main ergot alkaloid of Japanese & South American wid grasses; minor descriptor (76-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (76-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer) | ergot alkaloid | |
| a 58365a | A 58365A: from Streptomyces chromofuscus; structure given in second source | ||
| proline | proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| phenylalanylarginine | Phe-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage. phenylalanylarginine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| aspartylglycine | Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| compound 20 | |||
| bb3497 | BB3497: peptide deformylase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| isoindigotin | isoindigotin: used in treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia; structure given in first source | ||
| 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2h)-one | 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one: structure given in first source; sulfur analog of ebselen | ||
| 4'-hydroxyflavanone | 4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source 4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'. | 4'-hydroxyflavanones; monohydroxyflavanone | |
| n-valyltryptophan | N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | peptide | |
| asimadoline | asimadoline: structure in first source | ||
| nantenine, (+-)-isomer | |||
| (+)-epicatechin | (+)-epicatechin : A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). | catechin; polyphenol | cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| histidylleucine | His-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-leucine residues. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| ceronapril | ceronapril: structure given in first source; RN given for (S)-isomer | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| succinylproline | N-acyl-amino acid | ||
| n-phenylacrylamide | N-phenylacrylamide: structure in first source | ||
| nsc 95397 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | ||
| ritonavir | ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A. | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas | antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| bradykinin | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent | |
| naringenin | (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. | (2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin | expectorant; plant metabolite |
| taxifolin | (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration. | taxifolin | metabolite |
| adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) | adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur. adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| saquinavir | saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A. | L-asparagine derivative; quinolines | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| pentazocine | Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97) | benzazocine | |
| enkephalin, methionine | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist | |
| candoxatrilat | candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure. candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3 | ||
| diprenorphine | Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine. | morphinane alkaloid | |
| actinonin | actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure | ||
| dihydroergocristine monomesylate | dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia. | methanesulfonate salt | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| phosphoramidon | phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis. phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure | deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor |
| 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol, (2r-(2alpha,3beta,4beta))-isomer | pyrrolidines | ||
| mln 4760 | 2-(1-carboxy-2-(3-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid: MLN-4760 is the (S,S)-isomer; an ACE2 inhibitor; structure in first source MLN-4760 : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. | dichlorobenzene; L-histidine derivative; L-leucine derivative | anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor |
| diethylstilbestrol | diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| enkephalin, leucine | Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| cannabidiol | cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract. | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine | tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine: a delta opioid antagonist | ||
| bucillamine | organic molecular entity | ||
| omapatrilat | omapatrilat: structure in first source | dipeptide | |
| ag-213 | tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells; | ||
| 4-methyl-N-[1-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-2-benzimidazolyl]benzamide | benzimidazoles | ||
| flunarizine | Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. | diarylmethane | |
| 4-chloro-N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-dithiazolimine | organochlorine compound | ||
| cinnarizine | Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS. | diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| n-glycylalanine | Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| 3-chloro-N-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl]-6-nitro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide | 1-benzothiophenes | ||
| glycylvaline | glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | dipeptide | human metabolite |
| tamoxifen | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator | |
| hirsutine, (16e,20beta)-isomer | alkaloid | metabolite | |
| Geraniin | tannin | ||
| glycylproline | Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| dezocine | dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness. dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure | phenols; primary amino compound | opioid analgesic |
| spiraprilat | SCH 33861: RN given refers to (8S-(7(R*(R*)),8R*))-isomer spiraprilat : An azaspiro compound that is spirapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid group. It is the active metabolite of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor spirapril. | azaspiro compound; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; dithioketal; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| mitragynine | monoterpenoid indole alkaloid | ||
| u-50488 | 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21) U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine | dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine | analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist |
| paynantheine | paynantheine: structure in first source | ||
| metazocine | |||
| ketazocine | ketazocine: RN given refers to parent cpd(2S-(2alpha,6alpha,11S*))-isomer | ||
| dasatinib | dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN). N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source | 1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| glycyllysine | Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues. glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| dynorphin (1-17) | |||
| ici 199441 | acetamides | ||
| ru 42173 | RU 42173: structure given in first source | benzazepine | |
| 4-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylamino]methyl]-N-[2-[(phenylmethyl)-propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]benzamide | sulfonamide | ||
| sitagliptin | sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene | EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| thiorphan | |||
| apigenin | Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| amentoflavone | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
| hyperoside | quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity. | beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| norathyriol | norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C. norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source | polyphenol; xanthones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| rottlerin | rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1); | aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone | anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite |
| ellagic acid | catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol | antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent | |
| 4',7-dihydroxyflavone | 4',7-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7. 4',7-dihydroxyflavone: inducer of nod gene | dihydroxyflavone | metabolite |
| flunarizine hydrochloride | diarylmethane | ||
| codeine | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic | |
| hydrocodone | hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine. Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant. | morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| hydromorphone | hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine. | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| nalmefene | nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer | morphinane alkaloid | |
| nalorphine | Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. | morphinane alkaloid | |
| naloxone | naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| oxycodone | oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE. | organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative | antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| oxymorphone | Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) | morphinane alkaloid | |
| morphine | Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| 2-methylthio-atp | 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source | ||
| 7-benzylidenenaltrexone | 7-benzylidenenaltrexone: structure given in first source; a highly selective delta1-opioid receptor antagonist | phenanthrenes | |
| alpha-neoendorphin | alpha-neoendorphin: precursor or leucine enkephalin family | ||
| beta-funaltrexamine | beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source | morphinane alkaloid | |
| endomorphin 1 | endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain | oligopeptide | |
| endomorphin 2 | endomorphin 2: isolated from bovine brain | ||
| benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone | cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1). | ||
| j 113397 | J 113397: an opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1), orphanin FQ, and nociceptin receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| l 745870 | 3-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first source | piperazines | |
| nalbuphine | Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS. | organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic |
| n-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide | N-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide: a nociceptin antagonist; structure in first source | aminoquinoline | |
| pd 128907 | 1-benzopyran | ||
| sb 223412 | SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source | ||
| 1-(4-(6-bromobenzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3h-cyclopenta(c)quinolin-8-yl)ethanone | 1-(4-(6-bromobenzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta(c)quinolin-8-yl)ethanone: G-1 was able to induce both c-fos expression and proliferation in the ERalpha-negative/GPR30-positive SKBR3 breast cancer cells, the requirement for ERalpha expression in GPR30/EGFR signaling may depend on the specific cellular context of different tumor types | agonist | |
| thebaine | Thebaine: A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | |
| sulindac sulfide | sulindac sulfide : An aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity. sulindac sulfide: sulfated analog of indomethacin & inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| levorphanol | Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. | morphinane alkaloid | |
| levallorphan | Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683) | morphinane alkaloid | |
| dihydromorphine | Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors. | morphinane alkaloid | |
| cyclorphan | cyclorphan: was heading 1965-94 (see under MORPHINANS 1965-90); use MORPHINANS to search CYCLORPHAN 1966-94 | ||
| naltrexone | naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| morphine-6-glucuronide | morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer | morphinane alkaloid | |
| butorphanol | butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain. | morphinane alkaloid | antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| methylnaltrexone | methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer | phenanthrenes | |
| lisinopril | Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| benazepril | benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. benazepril: structure given in first source | benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| ramipril | quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat. | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| enalapril | enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE. | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| salutaridine | morphinane alkaloid | anti-HBV agent; metabolite | |
| morphinone | morphinane alkaloid | ||
| 6-codeinone | 6-codeinone: metabolite of codeine; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source | isoquinoline alkaloid | |
| oripavine | oripavine : A morphinane alkaloid with formula C18H19NO3. It is the major metabolite of thebaine. oripavine: from, Papaver orientale L. & P. bacterium Lindl; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6707; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer | ether; morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic hydroxy compound; tertiary amino compound | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; opioid analgesic |
| enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- | peptide | ||
| enalaprilat anhydrous | enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection. Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion. | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| naloxone hydrochloride | naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | hydrochloride | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| imidapril | imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. imidapril: structure given in first source | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| imidaprilat | imidaprilat : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is imidapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of imidapril used to treat hypertension. imidaprilat: structure given in first source; active metabolite of imidapril | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone | 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone: from roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis | ||
| norbinaltorphimine | norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | isoquinolines | |
| alanylalanine | L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| trandolapril | trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| dermorphin | dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin | oligopeptide | |
| naltrexone hydrochloride | naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence. | hydrochloride | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| 6 beta-hydroxynaltrexone | phenanthrenes | ||
| 14-methoxymetopon | 14-methoxymetopon: structure given in first source; has high affinity for the naloxone binding sites in rat brain | ||
| biphalin | biphalin: enkephalin dimer; two fragments of Ala(2)-enkephalin are connected by a diamine bridge to form above cpd; structure given in first source | ||
| alvimopan anhydrous | alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain | peptide | |
| n(alpha)-phosphorylalanylproline | N(alpha)-phosphorylalanylproline: inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | ||
| oxymorphindole | oxymorphindole: no other info avail 9/91 | ||
| alpha-aspartylalanine | alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanyltyrosine | Tyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| naltrindole | naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist | isoquinolines | |
| cyprodime | cyprodime: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| gw-5074 | |||
| uk 81,252 | sampatrilat: structure in first source | ||
| (-)-catechin-3-O-gallate | (-)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-catechin. | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | metabolite |
| prolylglycine | L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen. prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | |
| 7-benzylidenenaltrexone | |||
| trk 820 | TRK 820: structure in first source | phenanthrenes | |
| clocinnamox | clocinnamox: structure given in first source; an opioid mu receptor agonist | ||
| gr 103545 | |||
| enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine | Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. | ||
| nalfurafine hydrochloride | |||
| glutamylalanine | Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glutaminyl-glycine | Gln-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-glutamine and glycine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| methionylglycine | Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues. methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| phenylalanyl-valine | Val-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanylglycine | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite | |
| valyltyrosine | Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues. valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate | dipeptide | metabolite |
| lysylglycine | Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues. lysylglycine: structure in first source | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylhistidine | Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage. glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| isoleucyl-tyrosine | Ile-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-tyrosine residues. isoleucyl-tyrosine: a dipeptide with antihypertensive effect | dipeptide | metabolite |
| naloxonazine | naloxonazine: binds irreversibly to opiate receptor sites; structure given in first source | ||
| fosinopril | |||
| sodium selenate | |||
| n-demethylloperamide | desmethyl loperamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the methylamide of 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. N-demethylloperamide: loperamide metabolite; structure in first source | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | drug metabolite |
| 17-cyclopropylmethyl-6,7-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-5'-guanidinyl-3,14-dihydroxyindolo(2',3'-6,7)morphinan | |||
| rxp 407 | RXP 407: inhibits angiotensin I converting enzyme | ||
| prolylvaline | Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| tapentadol | Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES. | alkylbenzene | |
| o-demethyltramadol | alkylbenzene; ring assembly | ||
| ro 64-6198 | Ro 64-6198: an orphanin FQ/nociceptin receptor agonist; structure in first source | ||
| cgs 35066 | CGS 35066: an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| nicotianamine | (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine. nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce | amino acid zwitterion; nicotianamine | chelator; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| sr 14150 | SR 14150: mixed NOP and mu-opioid receptor ligand and antinociceptive; structure in first source | ||
| ly 255582 | |||
| 4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride | |||
| 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone | |||
| deltorphin ii, ala(2)- | peptide | ||
| sb-612111 | |||
| deltorphin i, ala(2)- | deltorphin I, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors | peptide | |
| 8-carboxamidocyclazocine | 8-carboxamidocyclazocine: structure in first source | ||
| corynoxine b | corynoxine B: structure in first source | indolizines | metabolite |
| snap 6201 | |||
| akuammicine | akuammicine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C20H22N2O2, isolated from several plant species including Alstonia spatulata, Catharanthus roseus and Vinca major. akuammicine: from Strychnos sp;; structure in first source | methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | plant metabolite |
| pawhuskin a | pawhuskin A: geranyl stilbene from Dalea purpurea; structure in first source | ||
| 6-deoxy-6-fluoronaltrexone | 6-deoxy-6-fluoronaltrexone: RN given refers to (5alpha,6beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 2/91; opiate antagonist suitable for positron emission tomography | ||
| corynoxine | corynoxine: structure in first source | indolizines | metabolite |
| dynorphin (1-17) | |||
| dynorphin a (1-11)-amide | |||
| s 3304 | S 3304: structure in first source | ||
| h-dmt-tic-gly-nh-bzl | H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Bzl: bifunctional opioid ligand;structure in first source | ||
| eluxadoline | amino acid amide; benzamides; imidazoles; L-phenylalanine derivative; methoxybenzoic acid | delta-opioid receptor antagonist; gastrointestinal drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist | |
| amd 070 | mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker | aminoquinoline | |
| mesyl salvinorin b | mesyl salvinorin B: a kappa-opioid receptor agonist; structure in first source | ||
| naluzotan | naluzotan: an antidepressant and anti-anxiety agent; structure in first source | ||
| 9-(benzoyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo-2h-naphtho(2,1-c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 9-(benzoyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo-2H-naphtho(2,1-c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure in first source | ||
| salvinorin b | salvinorin B: from the herb, Salvia divinorum; structure in first source | diterpene lactone | |
| way 207024 | |||
| cebranopadol | |||
| 14-o-methyloxymorphone | 14-O-methyloxymorphone: highly selective and potent mu opioid receptor agonist; structure in first source | ||
| mitragynine, (3beta,16e,20beta)-isomer | |||
| mitragynine | speciogynine: structure in first source | ||
| a 803467 | A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source | ||
| morphine sulfate | alkaloid sulfate salt | ||
| nociceptin | organic molecular entity; polypeptide | human metabolite; rat metabolite | |
| dynorphin (1-17) | |||
| sp 203 | 3-fluoro-5-(2-(2-(fluoromethyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile: a radioligand for mGlu5 receptor; structure in first source | ||
| cym51010 | CYM51010: structure in first source | ||
| 1-(1-(1-methylcyclooctyl)-4-piperidinyl)-2-((3r)-3-piperidinyl)-1h-benzimidazole | 1-(1-(1-methylcyclooctyl)-4-piperidinyl)-2-((3R)-3-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazole: anxiolytic agent; structure in first source | ||
| salvinorin b ethoxymethyl ether | salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether: structure in first source | ||
| dynorphins | dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11) | ||
| ly2456302 | Aticaprant: a kappa opioid receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| ici 174865 | ICI 174865: delta opioid receptor antagonist | ||
| e-52862 | |||
| grassystatin a | grassystatin A: isolated from a cyanobacterium, identified as Lyngbya cf.; structure in first source | ||
| 7-hydroxymitragynine | 7-hydroxymitragynine: an orally active opioid analgesic from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa; structure in first source | alkaloid | |
| mitragynine pseudoindoxyl | mitragynine pseudoindoxyl: derived from Thai medicinal plant MITRAGYNA speciosa; opioid agonist | ||
| 7-spiroindanyloxymorphone | 7-spiroindanyloxymorphone: a delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source | ||
| nitd 609 | NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source | ||
| cj 15,208 | |||
| pf-04455242 | 2-methyl-N-((2'-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)propan-1-amine: has antidepressant activity; structure in first source | ||
| 4-[[(4-ethylphenyl)sulfonylamino]methyl]-N-[2-[(phenylmethyl)-propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]benzamide | sulfonamide | ||
| LSM-2536 | piperazines | ||
| n,n-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine | N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine: structure in first source | tryptamines | |
| novobiocin | novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189) | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| trv130 | |||
| 3-(2-((cyclobutylmethyl)(phenethyl)amino)ethyl)phenol | 3-(2-((cyclobutylmethyl)(phenethyl)amino)ethyl)phenol: structure in first source | ||
| glutaminase | |||
| 22-thiocyanatosalvinorin a | 22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A: structure in first source | ||
| guanylyl imidodiphosphate | guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES. | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| quininib | quininib : A styrylquinoline that is trans-2-styrylquinoline in which the the phenyl group has been substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group. It is an anti-angiogenic compound that exerts a dose-dependent antagonism of the cysteinyl leukotriene pathway, preferentially antagonising cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. The major species at pH 7.3 quininib: has antiangiogenic activity; structure in first source | phenols; styrylquinoline | angiogenesis inhibitor |