Conditions > Placenta, Retained
Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Placenta, Retained

A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Placenta, Retained
Retained Placenta

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"If a retained placenta is left untreated, there is a high risk of maternal death."( Bergel, E; Carroli, G, 2001)
"Retained placenta is one of the serious complications of childbirth, and misoprostol is known to be a potent uterotonic agent."( Chen, FM; Li, YT; Yin, CS, 2001)
"Retained placenta is potentially lift-threatening not only because of retention per se, but because of associated haemorrhage and infection as well as complications related to its removal."( Chhabra, S; Dhorey, M, 2002)
"The retained placenta is a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity throughout the developing world."( Weeks, AD, 2001)
"Retained placenta is one of the common causes of maternal mortality in developing countries where access to appropriate obstetrical care is limited."( Fauteck, H; Lotgering, FK; Pembe, AB; van Beekhuizen, HJ, 2009)
"Retained placenta is one of the common causes of maternal mortality in developing countries where access to appropriate obstetrical care is limited."( Fauteck, H; Lotgering, FK; Pembe, AB; van Beekhuizen, HJ, 2009)
"Retained placenta is associated with post-partum haemorrhage."( Alfirevic, Z; Alia, G; Carroli, G; Fairlie, F; Gosakan, R; Hart, A; Jafri, H; Majeed, T; Mirembe, F; Namayanja, A; Nardin, J; Raashid, Y; Vernon, G; Weeks, AD, 2010)
"Retained placenta is potentially life threatening due to possible complications associated with manual removal."( Lee, A; Lim, PS; Muhammad Yassin, MA; Singh, S, 2011)
"If a retained placenta is left untreated, there is a high risk of maternal death."( Carroli, G; Nardin, JM; Weeks, A, 2011)
"Retained placenta is one of the common problems in obstetric practice."( Pongsatha, S; Tongsong, T, 2011)
"Retained placenta is a worldwide recognized clinical condition in puerperal cows, which can significantly affect their health and fertility."( Tkalčić, S; Zobel, R, 2013)
"Retained placenta is an important cause of maternal mortality."( Bhattacharya, SK; Mistri, PK; Mitra, A; Naskar, A; Pal, PP; Pal, R; Pande, A; Roy, SG; Samanta, A, 2013)
"A retained placenta is diagnosed when the placenta is not delivered following delivery of the baby."( Brewin, J; Brook-Smith, S; Carruthers, KF; Clarkson, C; Denison, FC; Forrest, M; Hallowell, N; Hodges, L; Hudson, J; Lawton, J; McDonald, A; McPherson, GC; Morrow, S; Norman, JE; Norrie, J; Peace, M; Scotland, G, 2017)
"Retained placenta is a common disorder in the puerperium of the mare."( Failing, K; Loose, M; Schürmann, C; Wehrend, A, 2019)
"Retained placenta is associated with postpartum haemorrhage and can lead to significant maternal morbidity if untreated."( Brewin, J; Brook-Smith, S; Carruthers, KF; Chua, GN; Clarkson, C; Denison, FC; Hallowell, N; Hudson, J; Lawton, J; McPherson, G; Norman, JE; Norrie, J; Peace, M; Scotland, G, 2019)
"A retained placenta is diagnosed when, following the birth of a baby, the placenta is not delivered."( Brewin, J; Brook-Smith, S; Carruthers, KF; Chua, GN; Clarkson, C; Denison, FC; Hallowell, N; Hudson, J; Lawton, J; McPherson, G; Norman, JE; Norrie, J; Peace, M; Scotland, G, 2019)
"Retained placenta is a common complication of pregnancy affecting 1% to 6% of all births."( Haas, DM; Jahanfar, S; Kumar, N; Weeks, AD, 2021)
"Retained placenta is a concern during labor and delivery."( Chen, W; Jiang, W; Li, D, 2023)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Incidence of retained placenta has been 0."( Chhabra, S; Dhorey, M, 2002)
"Usually, retained placenta has been managed by manual removal or curettage under anaesthesia, which may be associated with haemorrhage, infection and uterine perforation."( Gaitán, HG; Grillo-Ardila, CF; Rodriguez-Malagon, N; Ruiz-Parra, AI, 2014)

Actions

ExcerptReference
"Retained placenta affects 0."( Abdel-Aleem, H; Abdel-Aleem, MA; Shaaban, OM, 2011)
"Retained placenta affects 0."( Gaitán, HG; Grillo-Ardila, CF; Rodriguez-Malagon, N; Ruiz-Parra, AI, 2014)
"Retained placenta affects 0."( Abdel-Aleem, H; Abdel-Aleem, MA; Shaaban, OM, 2015)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"106 cattle with retained placenta were treated either with Vetisept-bolus or Tetran-bolus (controls) after an attempt to remove fetal membranes."( Geiser, S; Martig, J; Siegenthaler, HP, 1995)
"The incidence of retained placentas in heifers treated only with dexamethasone (27."( Alexander, BM; Anthony, RV; Hixon, DL; Moore, DW; Moss, GE; Smith, DE; Van Kirk, EA, 1996)
"The literature on the treatment of retained placenta and its effects is reviewed."( Laven, RA; Peters, AR, 1996)
"Risk factors for low fertility, such as retained placenta, twins, and assisted calvings, are valid criteria to evaluate different treatment options to improve fertility in dairy cows."( Bartholomew, R; Kristula, MA, 1998)
"The incidence of retained placenta at 48 h was lower for SC pre-treated with OP (40%) than for SC (88%) and TC (76%) not pre-treated with OP."( Betteridge, K; Devantier, BP; Knight, TW; Lambert, MG, 2001)
"If a retained placenta is left untreated, there is a high risk of maternal death."( Bergel, E; Carroli, G, 2001)
"Sublingual nitroglycerin for treatment of retained placenta seems to be effective without causing serious adverse effects."( Bullarbo, M; Ekerhovd, E; Tjugum, J, 2005)
"A common approach in the management of retained placenta is administration of oxytocin followed by controlled cord traction."( Bullarbo, M; Ekerhovd, E, 2008)
"Current treatment of retained placenta is manual removal of the placenta under anaesthesia, which can only take place in larger health care facilities."( Fauteck, H; Lotgering, FK; Pembe, AB; van Beekhuizen, HJ, 2009)
"Current treatment of retained placenta is manual removal of the placenta under anaesthesia, which can only take place in larger health care facilities."( Fauteck, H; Lotgering, FK; Pembe, AB; van Beekhuizen, HJ, 2009)
"If a retained placenta is left untreated, there is a high risk of maternal death."( Carroli, G; Nardin, JM; Weeks, A, 2011)
"Two hundred cows diagnosed with retained placenta were divided into five treatment groups, each receiving a different treatment option."( Tkalčić, S; Zobel, R, 2013)
"The hCG elimination in retained placenta percreta is predictable in a log-linear manner that is similar to other reports of retained abnormally adherent placentae treated with or without methotrexate."( Gerard Jackson, M; Holls, WH; Stitely, ML, 2014)
"In cows of the treatment group, retained placenta was not observed more frequently than in cows of the control group."( Failing, K; Koca, D; Kunz, F; Sendag, S; Wehrend, A, 2019)
"Currently, the only effective treatments for a retained placenta are the surgical procedures of manual removal of placenta (MROP) and uterine curettage, which are not universally available, particularly in low- and middle-income countries."( Brewin, J; Carruthers, KF; Chua, GN; Denison, FC; Hallowell, N; Hudson, J; Lawton, J; McPherson, G; Norman, JE; Norrie, J; Peace, M; Scotland, G, 2019)
"The only way to treat a retained placenta is for a trained doctor to remove it by an operation in theatre."( Brewin, J; Brook-Smith, S; Carruthers, KF; Chua, GN; Clarkson, C; Denison, FC; Hallowell, N; Hudson, J; Lawton, J; McPherson, G; Norman, JE; Norrie, J; Peace, M; Scotland, G, 2019)
"If a retained placenta is left untreated, spontaneous delivery of the placenta may occur, but there is a high risk of bleeding and infection."( Haas, DM; Jahanfar, S; Kumar, N; Weeks, AD, 2021)
"The complex etiopathology of retained placenta (RP) and hazards associated with it has made it crucial for researchers and clinical veterinarians to study pathogenesis, early-warning diagnosis, and treatment."( Gao, H; Huang, M; Li, H; Li, Y; Wen, H; Yang, Y; Zhao, Z, 2022)
"To date, the association between retained placenta and treatment success rate of misoprostol for early pregnancy failure has yet to be evaluated."( Albeck, A; Chill, HH; Cohen, A; Gutman-Ido, E; Karavani, G; Rosenbloom, JI; Shushan, A, 2023)
"Women who have an event of retained placenta following childbirth appear to have decreased success rate of treatment with misoprostol for early pregnancy failure."( Albeck, A; Chill, HH; Cohen, A; Gutman-Ido, E; Karavani, G; Rosenbloom, JI; Shushan, A, 2023)

Research

Studies (272)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19908 (2.94)23.3326
1990's45 (16.54)12.5806
2000's95 (34.93)18.1394
2010's105 (38.60)28.8240
2020's19 (6.99)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
3-hydroxybutyric acid0medium204
iodine0low10
propylene glycol0low10
propionic acid0low10
ciprofloxacin0low10
fentanyl0low10
halothane0low10
ketoprofen0low10
kynurenic acid0low10
metronidazole0low20
nitroglycerin0medium197
propranolol0medium11
sulfanilamide0low10
tranexamic acid0low20
estriol0low10
estrone0low10
phenylephrine0low10
tyrosine0low10
cloxacillin0low20
norethindrone0low10
ampicillin0low20
tryptophan0low10
iodoform0low10
isosorbide dinitrate0medium21
methylergonovine0low10
ephedrine0low20
perfluorobutane0low10
d-alpha tocopherol0medium73
streptomycin0low10
calcium propionate0low10
barium sulfate0low10
ozone0medium52
trolamine salicylate0low10
clonixin0medium43
cephapirin0low10
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous0low10
triamcinolone0medium11
amoxicillin0low10
flunixin0medium22
flunixin meglumine0medium21
mifepristone0medium52
glutathione disulfide0low10
cephalosporin c0medium103
carazolol0medium11
fibrinogen0low20
cobalt0low10
dityrosine0low10
methotrexate0low140
povidone-iodine0medium11
oxytocin0medium6327
monensin0medium21
ergonovine0medium94
retinol0low20
clindamycin0low10
diethylstilbestrol0low20
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate0low10
digoxin0low10
estrone sulfate0low10
dinoprostone0medium111
dinoprost0medium235
beta carotene0low30
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin e20low10
alprostadil0low10
15-ketoprostaglandin f2alpha0medium11
carboprost0low10
gemeprost0low10
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha0low10
misoprostol0medium2913
dinoprost tromethamine0low10
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha0low50
morphine0low10
cloprostenol0medium21
sulprostone0medium91
sulfur0low10
phosphorus0medium11
heroin0low10
selenium0medium21
gadolinium dtpa0low10
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination0medium11
mocetinostat0low10
fenprostalene0medium42
acid phosphatase0low10
ceftiofur0medium103
endothelin-10medium11
carbetocin0medium74
cardiovascular agents0low10
interleukin-80medium21
ascorbic acid0low20
tetracycline0medium31
chlortetracycline0medium21
oxytetracycline, anhydrous0medium65
mobic0medium11
borogluconate0low10
caseins0low10
hyaluronoglucosaminidase0low10
vitamin b 120medium11
exudates0medium11
deoxyguanosine0low10
folic acid0medium11
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine0low10

Protein Targets (869)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Protein skinhead-10101
Monocarboxylate transporter 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200505
Solute carrier family 22 member 60505
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1160016
Chain A, Avidin0022
Chain A, Avidin0022
Chain B, Avidin0022
TDP1 protein260026
AR protein310031
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]210021
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha370037
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma150015
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3010010
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4011015
Bile salt export pump020020
Cellular tumor antigen p53200020
Thromboxane-A synthase 0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0213
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0202
Prostacyclin receptor0527
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10104
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0213
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10909
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10104
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B10202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A10001
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE150015
Chain A, Beta-lactamase8008
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase100010
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA15005
Beta-lactamase 0001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
DNA polymerase eta isoform 14004
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)100010
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor3003
plasminogen precursor3003
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor3003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 15005
Bile salt export pump0505
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0606
Beta-lactamase0001
Kappa-type opioid receptor0405
Solute carrier family 15 member 10505
Solute carrier family 15 member 10202
Cytochrome P450 2J20404
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20303
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20404
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Chain A, Mutant Al2 6e7p9g0011
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q15005
Chain A, Cruzipain9009
Beta-lactamase 0001
acid sphingomyelinase3003
GLS protein7007
GLI family zinc finger 3200020
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1220022
farnesoid X nuclear receptor110011
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2170017
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 19009
chromobox protein homolog 1140014
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2160016
DNA polymerase beta5005
geminin220022
Carbonic anhydrase 10508
Carbonic anhydrase 205210
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Beta-lactamase OXA-70002
Spike glycoprotein6006
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0011
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130001
Efflux transporter 0102
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase Toho-10001
Beta-lactamase 0102
Class D beta-lactamase0001
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Metallo-b-lactamase 0002
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0001
Histamine H3 receptor0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0002
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase9009
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated0101
acetylcholinesterase6006
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma180018
thioredoxin glutathione reductase6006
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4140014
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha210021
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor160016
IDH14004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 27007
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1180018
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
lethal factor (plasmid)5005
lamin isoform A-delta10190019
Polyphenol oxidase 20102
Pancreatic alpha-amylase0202
Albumin0101
Urease0101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10001
Tyrosinase0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor09212
Hyaluronate lyase0101
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN20001
Egl nine homolog 10001
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN30001
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor0001
Solute carrier family 23 member 10101
core protein, partial0101
peripheral myelin protein 22100010
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 15005
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30304
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10405
Chain A, Avidin0011
Chain A, Protein (streptavidin)0011
Chain B, Protein (streptavidin)0011
Chain A, Streptavidin0011
Chain D, Streptavidin0011
Chain A, Streptavidin0011
Chain D, Streptavidin0011
Chain A, Streptavidin0011
Chain D, Streptavidin0011
Chain A, Streptavidin Complex With Biotin0011
Chain D, Circularly Permuted Core-streptavidin E51/a460011
Chain A, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain D, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain A, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain D, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain A, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain D, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain A, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain D, Core-streptavidin0011
Chain A, Avidin0011
Chain A, Streptavidin0011
Chain B, Streptavidin0011
Chain A, Streptavidin0011
Chain B, Streptavidin0011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A7007
nonstructural protein 10101
green fluorescent protein, partial0101
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA130013
insulin-degrading enzyme isoform 10011
Streptavidin0011
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta0001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor8008
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0325
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Vasopressin V2 receptor0123
Oxytocin receptor0336
Vasopressin V1a receptor0639
Vasopressin V1b receptor0123
Oxytocin receptor0022
Chain A, Ferritin light chain5005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit5005
SMAD family member 29009
USP1 protein, partial100010
SMAD family member 39009
Microtubule-associated protein tau110011
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)120012
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3140014
progesterone receptor130013
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha150015
67.9K protein6006
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta100010
caspase-31001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a140014
activating transcription factor 6100010
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)8008
heat shock protein beta-17007
mitogen-activated protein kinase 17007
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 18008
survival motor neuron protein isoform d7007
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit120012
Glutamate receptor 2121014
Caspase-20011
Inositol monophosphatase 13003
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 58008
Ataxin-29009
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
P2Y purinoceptor 120202
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40707
Chain A, HADH2 protein100010
Chain B, HADH2 protein100010
EWS/FLI fusion protein100010
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi5218
Cytochrome P450 1A20202
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Cytochrome P450 3A40729
DNA gyrase subunit B0102
DNA gyrase subunit A0103
DNA gyrase subunit B0103
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0102
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0102
Cytochrome P450 2D60404
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-15218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta5218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-25218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-55218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-35218
DNA gyrase subunit A0102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-15218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-25218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-45218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-35218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-65218
Cytochrome P450 2C190303
Multidrug resistance protein MdtK0011
Histamine H2 receptor4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-15218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-35218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-25218
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0002
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20708
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0101
Integrase 0202
GABA theta subunit5218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon5218
Luciferase8008
aryl hydrocarbon receptor7007
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK13003
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70003
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30003
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0202
Thromboxane A2 receptor 0224
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0437
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0415
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0437
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0437
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0415
Prostaglandin D2 receptor0202
Beta-lactamase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Beta-lactamase TEM0101
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a5005
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 14004
snurportin-14004
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 33003
Glutathione S-transferase P0101
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein0011
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0102
Deoxycytidine kinase0001
AAA family ATPase 0001
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
interleukin 83003
glp-1 receptor, partial6006
15-lipoxygenase, partial5005
ATAD5 protein, partial9009
Smad34004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)6006
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor9009
regulator of G-protein signaling 47007
pregnane X nuclear receptor150015
G8008
cytochrome P450 2D68008
Histone H2A.x8008
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a5005
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d5005
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a5005
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor4004
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 15005
high affinity choline transporter 1 isoform a0202
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 13003
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A3003
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B3003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40808
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20112
Interferon beta100010
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 8008
Estrogen receptor110315
Glucocorticoid receptor110215
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10101
Integrin beta-33003
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1010010
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Integrin alpha-IIb3003
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0426
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor08413
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Adenosine receptor A30314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10314
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150404
D(2) dopamine receptor0819
Androgen receptor0808
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0516
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0438
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30314
Glycine receptor subunit beta010010
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0718
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2010010
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10505
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3010010
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0819
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0819
Adenosine receptor A2a0314
Adenosine receptor A10202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter010010
Mu-type opioid receptor09313
D(3) dopamine receptor0707
Alpha-synuclein2406
Delta-type opioid receptor07210
Kappa-type opioid receptor09212
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B010212
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0516
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60819
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma5117
Estrogen-related receptor gamma0011
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 173003
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Aldehyde oxidase0101
TAR DNA-binding protein 436006
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140303
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 18008
Estrogen receptor beta15310
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20305
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 10202
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial8008
thioredoxin reductase100010
Estrogen receptor 10011
PAX80001
PPM1D protein2002
STAT3, partial0101
alpha-galactosidase5005
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
tumor necrosis factor1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor5005
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform alpha0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40103
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 0202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-10202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10607
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-30101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-20101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10314
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-10101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-30101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20002
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0305
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20303
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0202
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60104
Solute carrier family 22 member 70103
Solute carrier family 22 member 80106
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 110005
Solute carrier family 22 member 70003
glucocerebrosidase2002
prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype1001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50002
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20002
Endothelin-1 receptor0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0719
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0606
Sex hormone-binding globulin0033
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10304
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100001
endonuclease IV2002
NFKB1 protein, partial3003
GALC protein2002
nonstructural protein 13003
arylsulfatase A6006
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 15005
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
Steryl-sulfatase0304
Aromatase0101
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10203
Mu-type opioid receptor06312
Mu-type opioid receptor0516
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Ghrelin O-acyltransferase0101
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0001
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10001
Estrogen receptor0001
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0001
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0104
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0405
Delta-type opioid receptor0618
Kappa-type opioid receptor0416
Histamine H1 receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0316
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10718
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10112
glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha0001
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE8008
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase4004
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein3003
Thymidylate synthase0404
Thymidylate synthase0303
Dihydrofolate reductase0235
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0104
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30203
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0104
Multidrug resistance associated protein0103
phosphopantetheinyl transferase7007
Glutathione reductase0001
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT20101
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT10101
Albumin0213
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Liver carboxylesterase 10001
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10101
Amino acid transporter0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
hypothetical protein, conserved2002
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0011
ras protein, partial0011
Rac1 protein0011
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0011
flap endonuclease 17007
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0101
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10202
Caspase-10101
Caspase-30101
Caspase-40101
Caspase-50101
Caspase-90101
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0011
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Lactoylglutathione lyase0101
Parkin1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B4004
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 130101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Glutamate receptor 10102
Glutamate receptor 30102
Glutamate receptor 40102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0205
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 120101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0104
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0104
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0104
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 110101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
G protein-coupled receptor GPR350011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0104
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50102
Vesicular glutamate transporter 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0104
G-protein coupled receptor 350213
Histamine H3 receptor0011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0104
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
dopamine D1 receptor4004
ClpP1001
Thymidylate synthase 0101
Thymidylate synthase 0101
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
M-phase phosphoprotein 85005
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 14004
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0405
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0203
High mobility group protein B10011
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Folate receptor beta0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Histidine decarboxylase0112
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Reduced folate transporter0202
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0202
Caspase-71001
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Pteridine reductase 10101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor4004
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein1001
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Thioredoxin reductase 0101
Flavodoxin0001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
Chain A, PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR0101
Glucocorticoid receptor 0101
pregnane X receptor2002
Fumarate hydratase1001
polyprotein1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
huntingtin isoform 21001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
Progesterone receptor0439
Tegument protein VP160011
Glucocorticoid receptor0113
Glucocorticoid receptor0101
Mineralocorticoid receptor 1215
Coagulation factor VII0101
Androgen receptor1214
Cytochrome P450 2C80202
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0101
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase 0101
Tissue factor0101
Adenosine receptor A10012
Adenosine receptor A2a0012
Substance-P receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
Progesterone receptor0011
Glucocorticoid receptor0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Histone deacetylase 30202
Nuclear receptor corepressor 10101
Integrin beta-10101
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase0101
Integrin alpha-40101
Histone deacetylase 40101
Histone deacetylase 10202
Histone deacetylase 70101
Histone deacetylase 20202
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
Histone deacetylase 80101
Histone deacetylase 60101
Histone deacetylase 50101
Nuclear receptor corepressor 20101
Opioid receptor, delta 1b 0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Opioid receptor homologue0101
Acyl-CoA desaturase 10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Translocator protein0011
Proteinase-activated receptor 10112
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0214
Nociceptin receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0214
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20011
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Estrogen receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta0011
WRN1001
Valosin-containing protein0101
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform 90101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 40101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Vasopressin V1a receptor0101
Vasopressin V1b receptor0101
Oxytocin receptor0101
Vasopressin V2 receptor 0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor 0011
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0224
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 10001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0315
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0112
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0112
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0112
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0112
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0314
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0001
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0236
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0124
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0001
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0001
Free fatty acid receptor 30011
Free fatty acid receptor 20112
Free fatty acid receptor 20011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0113
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0203
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70112
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 120103
Carbonic anhydrase 20112
Cholinesterase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30103
Carbonic anhydrase 40103
Carbonic anhydrase 60204
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0205
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase 70103
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 90204
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0103
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0103
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Carbonic anhydrase 150103
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
Protein argonaute-20011
Carbonic anhydrase 140103
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0104
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partial0101
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20101
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 isoform 20101
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase0001
30S ribosomal protein S60101
30S ribosomal protein S70101
50S ribosomal protein L150101
Tetracycline resistance protein, class B0001
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Stromelysin-10202
50S ribosomal protein L100101
50S ribosomal protein L110101
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120101
50S ribosomal protein L190101
50S ribosomal protein L10101
50S ribosomal protein L200101
50S ribosomal protein L270101
50S ribosomal protein L280101
50S ribosomal protein L290101
50S ribosomal protein L310101
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0101
50S ribosomal protein L320101
50S ribosomal protein L330101
50S ribosomal protein L340101
50S ribosomal protein L350101
50S ribosomal protein L360101
30S ribosomal protein S100101
30S ribosomal protein S110101
30S ribosomal protein S120101
30S ribosomal protein S130101
30S ribosomal protein S160101
30S ribosomal protein S180101
30S ribosomal protein S190101
30S ribosomal protein S200101
30S ribosomal protein S20101
30S ribosomal protein S30101
30S ribosomal protein S40101
30S ribosomal protein S50101
30S ribosomal protein S80101
30S ribosomal protein S90101
50S ribosomal protein L130101
50S ribosomal protein L140101
50S ribosomal protein L160101
50S ribosomal protein L230101
30S ribosomal protein S150101
Multidrug transporter MdfA0101
50S ribosomal protein L170101
50S ribosomal protein L210101
50S ribosomal protein L300101
50S ribosomal protein L60101
30S ribosomal protein S140101
30S ribosomal protein S170101
30S ribosomal protein S10101
50S ribosomal protein L180101
Neutrophil collagenase0101
Collagenase 30101
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
50S ribosomal protein L20101
50S ribosomal protein L30101
50S ribosomal protein L240101
50S ribosomal protein L40101
50S ribosomal protein L220101
50S ribosomal protein L50101
30S ribosomal protein S210101
50S ribosomal protein L250101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20101
Chain A, PLASMINOGEN0011
Chain A, PLASMINOGEN0011
Plasminogen0213
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0101
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein0101
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II0011
Plasma kallikrein0002
Myeloperoxidase0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10102
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase0102
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10202
SLC16A10 protein0002
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Tryprostatin B synthase0001
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase0011
Monocarboxylate transporter 100002
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0101
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE0011
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase0101
Taste receptor type 2 member 140001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]