Compounds > p-Glu-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

p-Glu-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe

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Description

p-Glu-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe : A thirteen-membered polypeptide consisting of p-Glu, Arg, Pro, Arg, Leu, Ser, His, Lys, Gly, Pro, Met, Pro and Phe residues joined in sequence. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID25085173
CHEMBL ID3184840
CHEBI ID138186

Synonyms (23)

Synonym
NCGC00167298-01
l-p-glu-l-arg-l-pro-l-arg-l-leu-l-ser-l-his-l-lys-gly-l-pro-l-met-l-pro-l-phe
[pyr1]apelin-13
(pglu1)apelin-13
pyr-apelin-13
CHEBI:138186
p-glu-rprlshkgpmpf
5-oxo-l-prolyl-l-arginyl-l-prolyl-l-arginyl-l-leucyl-l-seryl-l-histidyl-l-lysylglycyl-l-prolyl-l-methionyl-l-prolyl-l-phenylalanine
[pyr1]-apelin-13
p-glu-arg-pro-arg-leu-ser-his-lys-gly-pro-met-pro-phe
217082-60-5
[pglu1]-apelin-13
bdbm50014619
AKOS024457089
CHEMBL3184840 ,
(glp1)-apelin-13
(pyr1)-apelin-13 (human, bovine, mouse, rat) trifluoroacetate (h-pyr-arg-pro-arg-leu-ser-his-lys-gly-pro-met-pro-phe-oh)
mfcd01863147
l-phenylalanine, 5-oxo-l-prolyl-l-arginyl-l-prolyl-l-arginyl-l-leucyl-l-seryl-l-histidyl-l-lysylglycyl-l-prolyl-l-methionyl-l-prolyl-
(pyr1)apelin-13
(glp1)-apelin-13, human, bovine
glp1-apelin-13 human bovine
[PYR1]-APELIN 13
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (3)

RoleDescription
apoptosis inhibitorAny substance that inhibits the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
neuroprotective agentAny compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
polypeptideA peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.00180.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Apelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00120.00120.81711.7500AID1200200
Apelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00070.00020.00070.0010AID1200201; AID1468977; AID1666533; AID1743947; AID1762009
Apelin receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.00030.00030.00030.0003AID1457797
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.00590.00590.00590.0059AID1200204
Apelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.01210.00000.01290.0600AID1141245; AID1165184; AID1200202; AID1200203; AID1200204; AID1200205; AID1200206; AID1468978; AID1468979; AID1468983; AID1527816; AID1666528; AID1666530; AID1666531; AID1675751; AID1743948; AID1743949; AID1743951; AID1762005; AID1762012; AID1764443; AID1764445; AID1780660; AID1850910
Apelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00050.00050.00050.0005AID1850909
Apelin receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50 (µMol)0.00450.00010.00450.0180AID1527817; AID1675745; AID1762006; AID1780661
Apelin receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.00450.00450.00450.0045AID1780659
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (32)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory responseArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acute inflammatory responseArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic processArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathwayArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein homotrimerizationArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ionArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxificationArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of gap junction assemblyApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
angiogenesisApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vasculogenesisApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vasculature developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heart loopingApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
atrioventricular valve developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endocardial cushion formationApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
gastrulationApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heart developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult heart developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiationApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
aorta developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signalingApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of body fluid levelsApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ventricular septum morphogenesisApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
venous blood vessel developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
coronary vasculature developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesisApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylationApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
blood vessel developmentApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (13)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activityArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme activator activityArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid bindingArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
glutathione transferase activityArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
glutathione peroxidase activityArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
leukotriene-C4 synthase activityArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
apelin receptor activityApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear envelopeArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear membraneArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelopeArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneApelin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (68)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1743947Displacement of [125I] [NIe75, Tyr77]Pyr-apelin-13 from YFP-tagged human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 1 hr by gamma counting based Cheng-Prusoff equation analysis2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1
Structure-Activity Relationship and Bioactivity of Short Analogues of ELABELA as Agonists of the Apelin Receptor.
AID1457794Drug degradation in human plasma assessed as NEP-mediated degradation by measuring amount of apelin remaining after 30 mins by RP-HPLC analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-27, Volume: 60, Issue:14
Synthetic Modification within the "RPRL" Region of Apelin Peptides: Impact on Cardiovascular Activity and Stability to Neprilysin and Plasma Degradation.
AID1468979Activity at GFP10-tagged human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of RlucII-tagged beta-arrestin-2 recruitment after 30 mins by BRET assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1200212Half life in rat plasma2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1457797Displacement of [125I]-pyr-1-apelin-13 from rat C-terminal EGFP-tagged APJ receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes after 3 hrs by Wallac gamma counting2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-27, Volume: 60, Issue:14
Synthetic Modification within the "RPRL" Region of Apelin Peptides: Impact on Cardiovascular Activity and Stability to Neprilysin and Plasma Degradation.
AID1675745Agonist activity at rat APJ receptor stably expressed in CHO cell membranes in presence of [35S]GTPgammaS by scintillation proximity assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1200208Hypotensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rat at 1 mg/kg, iv assessed as reduction in mean arterial pressure measured every 30 seconds for 7 mins following compound injection by tail-cuff method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1762010Agonist activity at dog APJ receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 1 hr by TR-FRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Discovery of a Hydroxypyridinone APJ Receptor Agonist as a Clinical Candidate.
AID1675750Agonist activity at rat APJ receptor stably expressed in CHO cell membranes assessed as efficacy in presence of [35S]GTPgammaS by scintillation proximity assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1468977Displacement of [125I]-[Nle75, Tyr77] Pyr1-apelin-13 from YFP-tagged human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr by gamma-counting method2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1743951Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing Rlucll-beta-arrestin2 assessed as induction of beta-arrestin2 recruitment to APJ incubated for 30 mins by BRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1
Structure-Activity Relationship and Bioactivity of Short Analogues of ELABELA as Agonists of the Apelin Receptor.
AID1527817Agonist activity at rat APJ-R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin- stimulated cAMP accumulation incubated for 30 mins by HTRF assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists.
AID1675751Agonist activity at human APJ receptor stably expressed in CHO cell membranes in presence of [35S]GTPgammaS by scintillation proximity assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1527815Agonist activity at human APJ-R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin- stimulated cAMP accumulation incubated for 30 mins by HTRF assay relative to control parental HEK293 cells2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists.
AID1780661Agonist activity at rat APJ receptor expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as compound stimulated inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production incubated for 30 mins by HTRF assay2021ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-11, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Identification of 6-Hydroxypyrimidin-4(1
AID1675747Stability in rat liver S9 fraction assessed as compound remaining at 4 hrs2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1780660Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as compound stimulated inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production incubated for 30 mins by HTRF assay2021ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-11, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Identification of 6-Hydroxypyrimidin-4(1
AID1200201Displacement of [125I]apelin-13[Glp65,Nle75,Tyr77] from YFP epitope-tagged human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 1 hr by Cheng-Prusoff equation analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1200206Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of beta-arrestin-2 recruitment subunit dissociation incubated for 30 mins by BRET assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1666533Displacement of [125I]-apelin-13 from human APJ receptor stably expressed in CHOK1 cell membrane measured after 2 hrs by topcount scintillation counting method2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4
Identification of potent pyrazole based APELIN receptor (APJ) agonists.
AID1468988Inotropic activity in Langendorff isolated-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat heart assessed as drug level causing maximum increase in left ventricular developed pressure efficacy relative to baseline control2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1675752Agonist activity at human APJ receptor stably expressed in CHO cell membranes assessed as efficacy in presence of [35S]GTPgammaS by scintillation proximity assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1527819Displacement of [125I]-(S)-2'-(1H-1,3-Benzodiazol-2-yl)-6'-chloro-4-{[(1R)-1-phenylbutyl]carbamoyl}-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic Acid from human APJ-R expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 3 hrs by radioligand binding assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists.
AID1675753Half life in human plasma2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1200205Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of beta-arrestin-1 recruitment subunit dissociation incubated for 30 mins by BRET assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1780659Displacement of [125I]Apelin13 from mouse APJ receptor expressed in HEK293T cells incubated for 1 hr by gamma counter method2021ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-11, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Identification of 6-Hydroxypyrimidin-4(1
AID1141250Retention time of the compound by HPLC analysis2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Identifying structural determinants of potency for analogs of apelin-13: integration of C-terminal truncation with structure-activity.
AID1666531Agonist activity at human APJ receptor stably expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of beta-arrestin 2 recruitment incubated for 90 mins by PathHunter assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4
Identification of potent pyrazole based APELIN receptor (APJ) agonists.
AID1527825Acute hemodynamic effect in isoflurane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in cardiac output at 6 ug/min/kg, iv infused into jugular vein for 15 mins with continuous monitoring of hemodynamics followed by monitoring for additional 15 mins2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists.
AID1675749Plasma protein binding in rat assessed as unbound fraction by LC-MS/MS analysis2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1762005Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 1 hr by TR-FRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Discovery of a Hydroxypyridinone APJ Receptor Agonist as a Clinical Candidate.
AID1527827Toxicity in isoflurane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as effect on heart rate at 6 ug/min/kg, iv infused into jugular vein for 15 mins with continuous monitoring of hemodynamics followed by monitoring for additional 15 mins after terminating inf2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists.
AID1468984AUC in Sprague-Dawley rat at 3 mg/kg, iv measured up to 120 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1200203Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of Galphai1 subunit dissociation incubated for 5 mins by BRET assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1764445Agonist activity at human AGTRL1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as induction of beta-arrestin 2 recruitment incubated for 90 mins by PathHunter assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Pyrazole Agonist of the Apelin Receptor Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice.
AID1527816Agonist activity at human APJ-R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin- stimulated cAMP accumulation incubated for 30 mins by HTRF assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists.
AID1675748Stability in rat Kidney S9 fraction assessed as compound remaining at 4 hrs2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1200200Displacement of [125I]apelin-13[Glp65,Nle75,Tyr77] from YFP epitope-tagged human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 1 hr by gamma counting method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1762009Displacement of [3H]Apelin-13 from human APJ receptor stably expressed in human HEK293 cell membrane incubated for 120 mins by TopCount scintillation plate reader analysis2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Discovery of a Hydroxypyridinone APJ Receptor Agonist as a Clinical Candidate.
AID1200210Hypotensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rat at 0.01 mg/kg, iv assessed as reduction in mean arterial pressure measured every 30 seconds for 7 mins following compound injection by tail-cuff method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1468980Half life in rat plasma at 1 mM by UPLC-MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1468983Induction of human HA-tagged APJ receptor internalization expressed in HEK293 cells after 30 mins by ELISA2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1457795Drug degradation in human plasma assessed as NEP-mediated degradation by measuring amount of apelin remaining after 60 mins by RP-HPLC analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-27, Volume: 60, Issue:14
Synthetic Modification within the "RPRL" Region of Apelin Peptides: Impact on Cardiovascular Activity and Stability to Neprilysin and Plasma Degradation.
AID1675743Positive ionotropic activity in anesthetized Lewis rat model of myocardial infarction assessed as plasma concentration for maximal pharmacodynamic effect at 1 mg/kg/min, iv administered as continuous infusion for 20 mins2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1743948Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing Galpha(i1)-RlucII(91) assessed as induction of dissociation of Galpha(i1) from G-beta-gamma subunits incubated for 5 mins by BRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1
Structure-Activity Relationship and Bioactivity of Short Analogues of ELABELA as Agonists of the Apelin Receptor.
AID1200202Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced intracellular cAMP production incubated for 30 mins by TR-FRET assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1200204Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of GalphaoA subunit dissociation incubated for 5 mins by BRET assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1165184Agonist activity at APJ receptor in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP level incubated for 5 mins prior to forskolin challenge measured after 30 mins by TR-FRET assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 24, Issue:20
The design and implementation of a generic lipopeptide scanning platform to enable the identification of 'locally acting' agonists for the apelin receptor.
AID1850909Binding affinity towards human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes and measured by radioligand binding assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Design and preparation of N-linked hydroxypyridine-based APJ agonists.
AID1527826Toxicity in isoflurane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as effect on blood pressure by measuring transient blood pressure drop at 6 ug/min/kg, iv infused into jugular vein for 15 mins with continuous monitoring of hemodynamics followed by monitori2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists.
AID1200209Hypotensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rat at 0.1 mg/kg, iv assessed as reduction in mean arterial pressure measured every 30 seconds for 7 mins following compound injection by tail-cuff method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1200207Hypotensive activity in iv dosed spontaneously hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in mean arterial pressure measured every 30 seconds for 7 mins following compound injection by tail-cuff method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5
C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action.
AID1762012Agonist activity at human APJ receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as induction of beta-arrestin 2 recruitment incubated for 90 mins by PathHunter assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Discovery of a Hydroxypyridinone APJ Receptor Agonist as a Clinical Candidate.
AID1762011Agonist activity at monkey APJ receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 1 hr by TR-FRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Discovery of a Hydroxypyridinone APJ Receptor Agonist as a Clinical Candidate.
AID1743949Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing PDZ-Rho-Gef-RLucll assessed as induction of Galpha12 effector (PDZ-RhoGEF) to the cell membrane incubated for 5 mins by BRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1
Structure-Activity Relationship and Bioactivity of Short Analogues of ELABELA as Agonists of the Apelin Receptor.
AID1666530Agonist activity at human APJ receptor stably expressed in CHO cells co-expressing Galphaq16 assessed as increase in intracellular calcium mobilization measured at 1 sec intervals for 90 secs by calcium 5 dye based FLIPR assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4
Identification of potent pyrazole based APELIN receptor (APJ) agonists.
AID1675746Stability in rat plasma assessed as compound remaining at 4 hrs2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1764443Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation measured after 40 mins by TR-FRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Pyrazole Agonist of the Apelin Receptor Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice.
AID1457793Drug metabolism assessed as recombinant human NEP-medited peptide proteolysis at 1 mM up to 72 hrs by LC-MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-27, Volume: 60, Issue:14
Synthetic Modification within the "RPRL" Region of Apelin Peptides: Impact on Cardiovascular Activity and Stability to Neprilysin and Plasma Degradation.
AID1141245Agonist activity at APJ receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells co-expressing with Calphaq16 assessed as calcium mobilization2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Identifying structural determinants of potency for analogs of apelin-13: integration of C-terminal truncation with structure-activity.
AID1666534Agonist activity at human AGTR1 stably expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium mobilization measured at 1 sec intervals for 90 sec by calcium 5 dye based FLIPR assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4
Identification of potent pyrazole based APELIN receptor (APJ) agonists.
AID1762006Agonist activity at rat APJ receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 1 hr by TR-FRET assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Discovery of a Hydroxypyridinone APJ Receptor Agonist as a Clinical Candidate.
AID1468987Inotropic activity in Langendorff isolated-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat heart assessed as increase in left ventricular developed pressure efficacy at 0.03 nM relative to baseline control2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1666528Agonist activity at human APJ receptor stably expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation measured after 30 mins by Eu-cAMP tracer based TR-FRET assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4
Identification of potent pyrazole based APELIN receptor (APJ) agonists.
AID1675744Positive ionotropic activity in anesthetized Lewis rat model of myocardial infarction assessed as increase in ejection fraction at 1 mg/kg/min, iv administered as continuous infusion for 20 mins2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1675732Terminal half life in rat at 3.7 mg/kg, iv measured up to 35 mins2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation.
AID1468978Activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as dissociation of Galphai1 from Gbetagamma subunit after 5 mins by BRET assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
A Systematic Exploration of Macrocyclization in Apelin-13: Impact on Binding, Signaling, Stability, and Cardiovascular Effects.
AID1850910Agonist activity at human APJ receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as compound stimulated inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production and measured by FLIPR assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Design and preparation of N-linked hydroxypyridine-based APJ agonists.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (13)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's6 (46.15)24.3611
2020's7 (53.85)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.06

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.06 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.64 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.70 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.06)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other13 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.3110naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
4-methyl-7-ethoxycoumarin
[no description available]		2.2510coumarins
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.110sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
apelin-13 peptide
apelin-13 peptide: amino acid sequence in first source. apelin-13 : A 13 amino acid oligopeptide which is the ligand for the apelin receptor (also known as the APJ receptor). It exhibits hypotensive and neuroprotective effects, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis.		2.110oligopeptideantihypertensive agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
biomarker;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		02.1110
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		02.1110
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.2510
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		02.2510
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.3110
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.3110
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.3110
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.3110
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		02.3110