RNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]

RNA binding is a fundamental molecular function that involves the specific recognition and interaction of proteins with RNA molecules. This interaction plays a crucial role in a wide range of cellular processes, including:

- **Gene expression regulation:** RNA binding proteins (RBPs) can bind to various RNA molecules, such as mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and non-coding RNAs, to control their stability, translation, and localization. This regulation can influence gene expression levels and cellular responses.

- **RNA processing and modification:** RBPs are involved in various RNA processing events, such as splicing, capping, polyadenylation, and editing. These processes ensure the proper maturation and functionality of RNA molecules.

- **RNA transport and localization:** RBPs can facilitate the transport of RNA molecules to specific cellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, or organelles. This localization allows for the targeted delivery and function of RNA molecules.

- **Translation initiation and elongation:** RBPs can interact with ribosomes and mRNA molecules to regulate the initiation and elongation of translation, thereby controlling protein synthesis.

- **RNA degradation and turnover:** RBPs can bind to RNA molecules and target them for degradation, ensuring the removal of damaged or unnecessary transcripts.

- **Viral replication and pathogenesis:** Many viruses rely on RNA binding proteins to hijack cellular processes and facilitate their replication and spread.

The molecular basis of RNA binding involves the formation of specific interactions between RBPs and their target RNA sequences. These interactions can be mediated by various mechanisms, including:

- **Hydrogen bonding:** RBPs can form hydrogen bonds with the bases and sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA.

- **Electrostatic interactions:** RBPs can interact with the negatively charged phosphate groups of RNA through electrostatic interactions.

- **Hydrophobic interactions:** RBPs can interact with the hydrophobic bases of RNA through hydrophobic interactions.

- **Shape complementarity:** RBPs often possess specific shapes and grooves that complement the structure of their target RNA sequences.

- **Post-translational modifications:** RBPs can be modified by phosphorylation, methylation, or acetylation, which can affect their RNA binding affinity and specificity.

The diversity of RNA binding proteins and their interactions with RNA molecules highlight the intricate nature of RNA biology and its crucial role in cellular function.'
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Proteins (239)

Compounds (3,949)