Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Brain Contusion

A bruise of the brain from an impact of the skull.

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Brain Contusion
Contusio Cerebri
Cerebral Contusion
Cerebellar Contusion
Cortical Contusion

Research Excerpts

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Both treatments reduced cortical contusion at 24 h and 6 weeks, however neither affected gliosis and inflammatory cell activation."( Annissa, TF; Anwer, AG; Chan, YL; Chen, H; Gorrie, CA; Herok, G; Linnane, C; Mao, Y; Oliver, BG; Saad, S; Sapkota, A; Vissel, B, 2018)

Research

Studies (26)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's17 (65.38)28.8240
2020's9 (34.62)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
carnitine0low10
histamine0low10
toluene0low10
phenytoin0low10
baclofen0low10
citalopram0low10
glyburide0low40
glyphosate0low10
isoflurane0low10
omeprazole0low10
pifithrin0low10
propranolol0low10
tranexamic acid0medium31
methylprednisolone0low10
cromolyn sodium0low10
atorvastatin0medium11
deoxyglucose0low10
astragaloside a0low10
escitalopram0low10
pifithrin mu0low10
rocuronium0low10
1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid0low10
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low10
beta-escin0low10
exenatide0low10
eye0low10

Protein Targets (458)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
TDP1 protein110011
Cholinesterase0404
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10137
Acetylcholinesterase0506
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma6006
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
GLI family zinc finger 38008
AR protein100010
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)2002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 34004
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]6006
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 14004
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha5005
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha9009
pregnane X nuclear receptor7007
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha8008
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma4004
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor3003
caspase-31001
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a4004
Caspase-71001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
caspase-31001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 22002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 16006
geminin6006
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0002
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0202
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10404
Insulin receptor 0101
Glutamate receptor 22002
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0101
Histone deacetylase 10101
Histone deacetylase 20101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30001
Histone deacetylase 60101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20303
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10203
thioredoxin reductase100010
phosphopantetheinyl transferase3003
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
regulator of G-protein signaling 46006
67.9K protein1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2100010
activating transcription factor 62002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
D(1A) dopamine receptor3003
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 15005
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
lamin isoform A-delta108008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi5218
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30606
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40606
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20202
Bile salt export pump010010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-15218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta5218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-25229
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-55218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-35218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-15218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-25218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-45218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-35218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-65218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-15229
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-35218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-25229
GABA theta subunit5218
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon5218
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase5005
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 160001
Solute carrier family 22 member 210001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A17007
EWS/FLI fusion protein4004
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor3003
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0203
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40404
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0517
Aromatase0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0415
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0639
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Histamine H1 receptor0426
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Spike glycoprotein3003
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20505
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Ataxin-24004
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10404
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Transporter0202
Alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type0101
G protein-coupled receptor GPR350011
G-protein coupled receptor 350011
G-protein coupled receptor 350011
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
cytochrome P450 2D63003
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor3003
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor3003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Histamine H2 receptor4015
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase4004
Luciferase2002
USP1 protein, partial5005
GLS protein5005
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
progesterone receptor3003
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
nonstructural protein 13003
G4004
Parkin2002
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
chromobox protein homolog 15005
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 15005
peripheral myelin protein 225005
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 90101
Bile salt export pump0404
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20011
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Beta-lactamase0101
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial0101
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 4004
ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial0101
ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial0101
ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0505
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0101
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0101
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
Inositol monophosphatase 12002
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 80101
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 110101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70101
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 14004
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10202
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial4004
Chain A, 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase0101
Chain A, 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase0101
Glutamine synthetase 0101
Cytochrome P450 71B10102
Glutamine synthetase 0101
2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase0101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
GALC protein2002
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
Solute carrier family 22 member 20001
Carbonic anhydrase 120001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30102
Carbonic anhydrase 10001
Carbonic anhydrase 20002
Plasma kallikrein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 30001
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 60001
Histamine H2 receptor0123
Adenosine receptor A10001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Histamine H1 receptor0123
Histamine H1 receptor0213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50112
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 70001
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0001
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 90001
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 150001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0001
Carbonic anhydrase 140001
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0001
Histamine H3 receptor0123
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
acetylcholinesterase3003
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit2002
PPM1D protein1001
IDH13003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Glucocorticoid receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Androgen receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 51001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
ClpP1001
Mcl-10101
farnesoid X nuclear receptor1001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a1001
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)1001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
heat shock protein beta-11001
huntingtin isoform 21001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-10101
Cytochrome P450 3A40202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-30101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-20101
Bifunctional cytochrome P450/NADPH--P450 reductase0011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70101
Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta0101
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60101
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40101
Bombesin receptor subtype-30011
Cytochrome P450 2C190203
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
Fatty acid synthase0202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20101
Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta0101
Cytochrome P450 2J20202
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 20001
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-30101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma0101
WD repeat-containing protein 50101
Glutathione S-transferase omega-10101
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40101
Cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0101
arylsulfatase A5005
hexokinase-4 isoform 12002
glucokinase regulatory protein2002
Acetylcholinesterase0304
Acetylcholinesterase0202
glp-1 receptor, partial1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
Vpr1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
endonuclease IV1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor3003
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
flap endonuclease 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0213
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Acetylcholinesterase 0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0213
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0213
Cholinesterase0203
Cholinesterase0101
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0101
glucocerebrosidase1001
luciferase1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 11001
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Luciferin 4-monooxygenase0101
Fumarate hydratase1001
polyprotein1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0113
Albumin0011
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20112
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0124
Adenosine receptor A30112
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0203
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0213
D(2) dopamine receptor0112
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0012
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0214
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0124
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30112
D(1A) dopamine receptor0112
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0011
Endothelin-1 receptor0112
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Adenosine receptor A2a0112
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70112
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0124
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0012
Mu-type opioid receptor0112
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
Delta-type opioid receptor0112
Kappa-type opioid receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60213
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0113
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
Endolysin0011
Chain A, PLASMINOGEN0011
Chain A, PLASMINOGEN0011
Plasminogen0213
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]