Page last updated: 2024-10-24

regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol. [GOC:dos]

The regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration is a fundamental process in neuronal communication. It involves a complex interplay of mechanisms that precisely control the release of neurotransmitters at synapses. Here's a detailed breakdown:

**1. Calcium Influx:**
- **Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels (VGCCs):** These channels are the primary route for calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal. They are activated by depolarization of the presynaptic membrane, which occurs when an action potential arrives.
- **Types of VGCCs:**
- **N-type:** Primarily responsible for neurotransmitter release at many synapses, particularly those involving excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate.
- **P/Q-type:** Important for fast synaptic transmission, especially at synapses involving dopamine and serotonin.
- **R-type:** Contribute to neurotransmitter release at some synapses, but their specific roles are still under investigation.
- **Calcium Entry and Synaptic Vesicle Fusion:** The influx of calcium through VGCCs triggers a cascade of events that lead to the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

**2. Calcium Buffering and Removal:**
- **Calcium Buffers:** Proteins like calbindin and parvalbumin bind to calcium ions, reducing their free concentration in the cytosol. This buffering helps to prevent excessive calcium levels and ensures a rapid decline in calcium concentration following the action potential.
- **Calcium Pumps:** Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases (SERCAs) actively transport calcium ions out of the cytosol, either into the extracellular space or into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), respectively.

**3. Calcium-Binding Proteins and Signaling Cascades:**
- **Synaptotagmin:** This protein binds to calcium ions and plays a critical role in triggering the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane.
- **Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases (CaMKs):** These kinases are activated by calcium and calmodulin and regulate various aspects of synaptic function, including neurotransmitter release, presynaptic plasticity, and the expression of genes involved in synaptic transmission.

**4. Modulation of Calcium Influx:**
- **Presynaptic Receptors:** Receptors located on the presynaptic terminal can modulate the activity of VGCCs and alter calcium influx. For example, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can reduce calcium influx, while autoreceptors can inhibit neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium entry.
- **Synaptic Plasticity:** The efficiency of synaptic transmission can be modulated by changes in presynaptic calcium dynamics. This plasticity contributes to learning and memory.

**5. Temporal and Spatial Regulation of Calcium:**
- **Calcium Microdomains:** Calcium influx is not uniform throughout the presynaptic terminal. Localized increases in calcium concentration near VGCCs are essential for the precise control of neurotransmitter release.
- **Calcium Oscillations:** Under certain conditions, calcium levels can fluctuate in a rhythmic manner, influencing the frequency and amplitude of neurotransmitter release.

**In summary, the regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration is a complex and highly regulated process. It involves the precise control of calcium entry through VGCCs, buffering and removal of calcium ions, calcium-dependent signaling pathways, modulation of calcium influx by presynaptic receptors, and the dynamic regulation of calcium levels in time and space. These mechanisms ensure the efficient and reliable transmission of information across synapses, contributing to the fundamental processes of neuronal communication and brain function.'
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Proteins (8)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2A voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q08289]Homo sapiens (human)
P2Y purinoceptor 4A P2Y purinoceptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P51582]Homo sapiens (human)
P2X purinoceptor 1A P2X purinoceptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51575]Homo sapiens (human)
P2Y purinoceptor 1A P2Y purinoceptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P47900]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenosine receptor A1An adenosine receptor A1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P30542]Homo sapiens (human)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BA 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P28222]Homo sapiens (human)
Cannabinoid receptor 1A cannabinoid receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P21554]Homo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4A voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00305]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (311)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
9-ethyladenine
pyridoxal phosphatepyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.

Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate
coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptamineaminoalkylindole;
aralkylamino compound;
indole alkaloid;
tryptamines
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.

8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively
phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins
serotonergic antagonist
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthineDPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-(1-naphthyl)piperazine1-(1-naphthyl)piperazine: serotonin agonist; structure given in first sourceN-arylpiperazine
enprofyllineenprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
5-(nonyloxy)tryptamine5-(nonyloxy)tryptamine: a 5-HT1D beta serotonin receptor agonist; structure given in first source

5-nonyloxytryptamine : A tryptamine derivative that consists of serotonin bearing an additional O-nonyl substituent. 5-HT1B selective agonist, several times more potent than sumatriptan and inactive as a 5-HT1A agonist (Ki at 5-HT1B = 1 nM, selectivity over 5-HT1A > 300-fold).
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines
serotonergic agonist
5-carboxamidotryptamine5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first sourcetryptamines
methylbufotenin5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.aromatic ether;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid
hallucinogen;
plant metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.

5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines
5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
serotonergic agonist
8-phenyltheophylline8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist
tacrinetacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
acridines;
aromatic amine
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
alpha-methylserotoninalpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpdtryptaminesserotonergic agonist
am 251AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source

AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.
amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
caffeinepurine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
cannabinolCannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.dibenzopyran
cgs 159439-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist

CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.
aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
clotrimazoleconazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
econazole1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.

econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.

Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
ketanserinketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.

Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.
aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
nocodazolearomatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
miconazole1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.

miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.

Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
n 0840N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist
naratriptannaratriptan: structure given in first sourceheteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nifedipineNifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimodipinenimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.
2-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
oxymetazolineoxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.

Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)
carboxamidine;
imidazolines;
phenols
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
4-iodoclonidine4-iodoclonidine: structure given in first source
palmidrolpalmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection

palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.
endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine
anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
pindololpindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.

Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638)
indoles;
secondary amine
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.

pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert
arenesulfonic acid;
azobenzenes;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
organic phosphate;
pyridinecarbaldehyde
purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
prazosinprazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.

Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.
aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
propranololpropranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.

Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.
naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
rizatriptanrizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoatetryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
sumatriptansumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.

Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
sulfonamide;
tryptamines
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suraminsuramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.

Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.
naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
tinoridinetinoridine: proposed anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS seach PYRIDINES (75-86)thienopyridine
tolazolinetolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.

Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
n-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-n-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamidepiperazines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist
xylometazolinexylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structurealkylbenzene
triiodothyronine3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
2-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine diphosphateUridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenosine monophosphateAdenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
uridine triphosphateUridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mestranol17beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound
prodrug;
xenoestrogen
6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine: structure in first source
phenothiazine10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
ergotamineergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.

Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
2-chloroadenosine5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first sourcepurine nucleoside
indopanalpha-methyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.

indopan: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation
tryptamines
azacitidine5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.

Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.
N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue
antineoplastic agent
alpha-naphthoflavonealpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).

alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4
extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
dronabinolDelta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.

Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.
benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide
cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
9-benzyladenine
diadenosine tetraphosphateP(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.diadenosyl tetraphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-deazaadenosine3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.
arylid
metergolinemetergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.

Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.
carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
cannabichromene1-benzopyran
ribavirinRebetron: Rebetron is tradename1-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
mefloquine(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
lovastatinlovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).

Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.
delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)
anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
pravadoline
sertindolesertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
zolmitriptanzolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.

zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist
oxazolidinone;
tryptamines
anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adenosinequinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlitadenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
rolofyllinerolofylline: selective antagonist for adenosine receptors; a cardiovascular agentoxopurine
epigallocatechin gallate(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.

epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis)
flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
metrifudil
9-methyladenine9-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9.methyladeninemetabolite
7-methyladenine7-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-7.

7-methyladenine: potential marker for monitoring exposure to methylatingcarcinogens
methyladeninemetabolite
gallocatechol(-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.catechin;
flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol
antioxidant;
food component;
plant metabolite
magnololbiphenyls
honokiolbiphenyls
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, (s)-isomer
frovatriptancarbazoles
eletriptaneletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.

eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source
indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
xylonidinexylonidine: alpha adrenoreceptor stimulation by above cpd mainly inhibits the release of mediator and/or the bronchoconstriction caused by moderate activation of sensory nerves; forced molting agent; structure given in first source
8-bromoadenine8-bromoadenine: affects DNA repair
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate: do not confuse with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphatenucleoside triphosphate analogue
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphatealpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpdnucleoside triphosphate analogue
n(6)-benzyladenosineN(6)-benzyladenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd
5-methylcytidinemethylcytidine
(6ar-trans)-isomer of tetrahydrocannabivarin 9
phenylisopropyladenosinearomatic amine;
benzenes;
hydrocarbyladenosine;
purine nucleoside;
secondary amino compound
adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acidDelta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide
anti-inflammatory agent;
biomarker;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer
n(6)-phenyladenosinepurine nucleoside
n-methyladenosineN-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation

N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.
methyladenosine
2'-o-methyladenosinecordysinin B : A member of the class of adenosines that is adenosine in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.adenosines;
ether
fungal metabolite
rimonabant
sr141716amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles
anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
cp-55,940
1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinolHU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer
gr 127935GR 127935 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.

GR 127935: a 5-HT 1D receptor antagonist
1,2,4-oxadiazole;
benzamides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
epicatechin gallate(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.

epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea
catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
pramipexolepramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.

Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.
benzothiazoles;
diamine
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
methylthio-adp
pd 81723PD 81723: adenosine binding enhancer; structure given in first source
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.

N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist
adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound
adenosine A3 receptor agonist
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors
adenosine amine congeneradenosine amine congener: a highly potent & selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist
8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine: used to localize adenosine receptors in the brain
7-bromoeudistomine d7-bromoeudistomine D: inducer of calcium release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum
gr 55562benzamides
kfm 19KFM 19: a potential cognitive enhancer and a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist
cp 122288CP 122288: activates the trigeminovascular receptor blocking neurogenic inflammation within dura mater; a 5-HT1 receptor agonist
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source
diquafosoldiquafosol: purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist

P(1),P(4)-bis(uridin-5'-yl) tetraphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-uridinyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate
mouse metabolite;
P2Y2 receptor agonist
4-methoxyhonokiol4-methoxyhonokiol: an NSAID isolated from Magnolia obovata; structure in first source
tecadenosontecadenoson: an A1 adenosine receptor agonist
1-deazaadenosine1-deazaadenosine: inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis; structure given in first source
harmalanharmalan: structure given in first sourceharmala alkaloid
phosphoribofuranosylbarbituric acid
2-chloro-atp2-chloro-ATP: new ATP analog; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure
8-hydroxy-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol8-hydroxy-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
adenosine 5'-o-(1-thiodiphosphate)adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate): do not confuse with ADP beta S
sb 203580imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
zm 241385ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptordiamino-1,3,5-triazine
sch 58261triazolopyrimidines
8-(di-n-propylamino)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3h-benz(e)indole-1-carbaldehyde8-(di-n-propylamino)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-benz(e)indole-1-carbaldehyde: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure given in first source
nantenine, (+-)-isomer
uridine 5'-tetraphosphate
rs 1274452-amino-4-(4-fluoronaphth-1-yl)-6-isopropylpyrimidine: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure in first source
2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine: structure in first sourcemorpholines;
purines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine A3 receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
cell dedifferentiation agent
regadenosonpurine nucleoside
mrs 10673,6-dichloro-2'-isopropyloxy-4'-methylflavone: structure in first source
mrs 12209-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylacetylamino(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazoline: structure in first sourcequinazolines
1-methyl-6-methoxy-dihydro-beta-carboline
nitro-bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(pyridine)cobalt(iii)nitro-bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(pyridine)cobalt(III): structure given in first source

P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate : A diadenosyl pentaphosphate having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(5)-positions.
diadenosyl pentaphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.

adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers
nucleoside triphosphate analogue
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.
adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide
adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
diethylstilbestroldiethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.

Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
olefinic compound;
polyphenol
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
roflumilastaromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound
anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
TTPpyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
wr-142,490(+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol1-benzopyran
cannabidiolcannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.

Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.
olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols
antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
sch-202676SCH-202676: An allosteric modulator of both agonist and antagonist binding to G protein-coupled receptors; structure in first source
5-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid ethyl estermethoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
flunarizineFlunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.diarylmethane
capsaicinALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief

capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.
capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
3-[[4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-oxomethyl]-N,N-dimethyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)benzenesulfonamidepiperazines
tamoxifenstilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
N-(4-chlorophenethyl)-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)ureaorganochlorine compound
5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-N-ethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanecarboxamidepurine nucleoside
4-thiouridine triphosphate
orlistatorlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.

Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.
beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
fk 838FK 838: an adenosine subtype-1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source
6-thioinosine-5'-triphosphateorganic molecule
adenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamideadenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the propyl amide of adenosine 5'-carboxylic acid.adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide
sr 144528SR 144528 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine. A potent and selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) inverse agonist (Ki = 0.6 nM).

SR 144528: a CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source
bridged compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles;
secondary carboxamide
CB2 receptor antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor
lenabasumlenabasum: a CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist; structure in first source
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source

CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.
adenosines;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
monocarboxylic acid
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent
sb-224289SB 224289 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of 1'-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[2,3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine]. Selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist (pKi = 8.2). Displays >60-fold selectivity over 5-HT1D, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in radioligand binding and functional assays. Centrally active following oral administration in vivo.1,2,4-oxadiazole;
azaspiro compound;
benzamides;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
serotonergic antagonist
mrs 15232,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist
jhw 015indolecarboxamide
am 281AM 281: radioligand for cannabinoid CB1 receptors; structure in first sourcepyrazoles;
ring assembly
am 630iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first sourceN-acylindole
imd 0354N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide: a cardioprotective agent that inhibits IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta); structure in first sourcebenzamides
harmineharmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.

Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.
harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
genistein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
salvianolic acid asalvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhiziastilbenoid
anandamideanandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4
human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
homo-gamma-linolenylethanolamidehomo-gamma-linolenylethanolamide: found in brain; binds to the cannabinoid receptor; RN given for (Z,Z,Z)-isomer; structure given in first sourceN-acylethanolamine 20:3
7,10,13,16-docosatetraenylethanolamide7,10,13,16-docosatetraenylethanolamide: found in brain; binds to the cannabinoid receptor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (ALL-Z)-isomerN-acylethanolamine 22:4
glyceryl 2-arachidonate2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.

glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source
2-acylglycerol 20:4;
endocannabinoid
human metabolite
arachidonoyl aminearachidonoyl amine : A primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with ammonia.primary fatty amidecannabinoid receptor agonist
linoleoyl ethanolamidelinoleoyl ethanolamide : An N-acylethanolamine 18:2 that is the ethanolamide of linoleic acid.

linoleoyl ethanolamide: RN given for (Z,Z)-isomer
N-acylethanolamine 18:2EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor
n-oleoylethanolamineN-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor

oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.
endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1
EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
nabilonenabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure
naloxonenaloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.

Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol
antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
mre 3008-f20MRE 3008-F20: InChIKey: CJRNHKSLHHWUAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-methylthio-atp2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source
adp beta sadenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd
arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamidearachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide: a potent and selective agonist of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source

arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide : A fatty amide obtained by the formal condensation of arachidonic acid with 2-chloroethanamine. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 1.4 nM) and also has a low affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki = 3100 nM).
fatty amide;
organochlorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
synthetic cannabinoid
CB1 receptor agonist;
CB2 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
istradefyllineoxopurine
osip 339391UCS15A: from Streptomyces; structure in first source
ly 344864LY 344864: has selective affinity for the 5-HT1F receptor; structure in first sourcecarbazoles
l 7458703-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first sourcepiperazines
l 759633L 759633: structure in first source1-benzopyran
ly 320135LY 320135: cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first sourcebenzofurans
ly 3343704-fluoro-N-(3-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide: 5-HT(1F) receptor agonist
psb 1115oxopurine
(3r)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanoneWIN 55212-2 : A organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-hi]indole substituted at position 6 by a 1-naphthylcarbonyl group.morpholines;
naphthyl ketone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
synthetic cannabinoid
analgesic;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine, (s)-isomer
sb 258719
sb 271046SB 271046: 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist; structure in first source
cannabigerolcannabigerol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.

cannabigerol: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antioxidant;
appetite enhancer;
cannabinoid receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.

8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist
monochlorobenzenes;
trimethylxanthine
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
isoalloxazineisoalloxazine: structurebenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-peptide
virodhaminevirodhamine: arachidonic acid and ethanolamine joined by an ester linkage, like anandamide with oxygen and nitrogen reversed; an endocannabinoid from rat; structure in first sourcefatty acid ester
nf023
nf 449
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine
gr 46611GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs
ciproxifanaromatic ketone
1-(3-(5-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1h-indol-3-yl)propyl)-4-(2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazine1-(3-(5-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)propyl)-4-(2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazine: an h5-HT(1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source
bw a1433BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist
fk 453FK 453: adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a new antihypertensive agent with diuretic action in isolated rabbit aorta; FR113452 is the S-(-) enantiomer of FK 453
guineensineguineensine: an Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, from the fruits of Piper longum; structure in first sourcbenzodioxoles
(2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-2,4-dodecadienamidefatty amidemetabolite
kf 17837
noladin ether2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether : A monoalkylglycerol that is glycerol which is substituted by a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraen-1-yl group at position 2.

noladin ether: a cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist; structure in first source
2-alkylglycerol;
endocannabinoid;
monoalkylglycerol
gw 1929GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first sourcebenzophenones
mrs 1754oxopurine
am 404anilide
sb 269970SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first sourcesulfonamide
vilazodonevilazodone : A 1-benzofuran that is 5-(piperazin-1-yl}-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide having a (5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl group attached at position N-4 on the piperazine ring. Used for the treatment of major depressive disorder.1-benzofurans;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
nitrile
antidepressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
jwh-1331,1-dimethylbutyl-1-deoxy-Delta(9)-THC: a CB2 receptor agonists; no further information available on 8/2001

JWH-133 : A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist.
benzochromene;
dibenzopyran;
organic heterotricyclic compound
analgesic;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
CB2 receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
vasodilator agent
ms-245N,N-dimethyl-2-(1-(benzenesulfonyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamine: a 5-HT(6) receptor ligand; structure in first source
n-(2,5-dibromo-3-fluorophenyl)-4-methoxy-3-piperazin-1-ylbenzenesulfonamideN-(2,5-dibromo-3-fluorophenyl)-4-methoxy-3-piperazin-1-ylbenzenesulfonamide: structure in first source
ith 4012
binodenoson
5-amino-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acidorganonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
CB-13naphthalen-1-yl-(4-pentyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)methanone: has antihyperalgesic activity; structure in first sourcebenzophenones
am-411
atl 146eBMS-068645: structure in first source
rwj 68354
hu 2101-benzopyran
slv 319ibipinabant: structure in first source
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosineN(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist
l 772405L 772405: an h5-HT(1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source
sr 147778surinabant: structure in first sourcepyrazoles;
ring assembly
st 1535
sb258741
jte 907JTE 907: a cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligand; structure in first sourcearomatic amide;
quinolines
5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)naphth-1-ylaminocarbonyl)-1h-indole
5-bromouridine triphosphate5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 5-bromouracil as the pyrimidine component.organobromine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
denufosol tetrasodium
n-((1s,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosineN-((1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine: structure given in first source; an adenosine A1 receptor agonistpurine nucleoside
emindole SBterpenoid indole alkaloidAspergillus metabolite;
marine metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
pnu 109291PNU 109291: 5-HT(1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source
2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine: a adenosine A2A receptor agonist
1-(2,3-dichlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-(2-(mopholin-4-yl)ethyl)-1h-indoleN-acylindole
bay-68-4986
4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride
amg 3AMG 3: structure in first source
sb-656104-aSB-656104-A: structure in first source
leucettamine bleucettamine B: a protein kinase inhibitor isolated from the marine sponge Leucetta microraphis; structure in first source
cp 945598
2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-(4-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-7h-pyrazolo(4,3-e)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine-5-amine
5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1h-indole5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole: a 5-HT6 agonist; structure in first sourceindoles
5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1h-1,2,4-triazole5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole: a neutral cannabinoid receptor antagonist with antiobesity effects; structure in first source
am 1241AM 1241: a CB(2) receptor-selective agonist; no further information available 11/2001
denufosol tetrasodiumdenufosol tetrasodium: for treatment of cystic fibrosis
vuf 8504
km-233KM-233: used for the treatment of high-grade glioma; structure in first source
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-methyl-N-(1-piperidinyl)-4H-indeno[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamidepyrazoles;
ring assembly
gw 842166xdichlorobenzene
5-fluorouridine 5'-triphosphate
sb-649915SB-649915: potent 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptor antagonist and 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor
jwh 0181-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first sourceindolecarboxamide
n(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosineN(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosine: adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source
methylhistaprodifen
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide
histaprodifen
sb 328437SB 328437: a CC chemokine receptor-3 antagonist that inhibits binding of eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-4 to eosinophils; structure in first source
n-arachidonoyl l-serineN-arachidonoyl L-serine: an endocannabinoid-like brain constituent with vasodilatory properties; structure in first source

N-arachidonoyl-L-serine : An N-acyl-amino acid resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of L-serine. It is an endocannabinoid-like lipid isolated from bovine brains.
N-(fatty acyl)-L-alpha-amino acidcannabinoid receptor agonist;
mammalian metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
pro-angiogenic agent;
vasodilator agent
sch 442416SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligandtriazolopyrimidines
n-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamideN-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide: MK-0364 is the (1S,2S)-isomer; a cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first sourcestilbenoid
naphyrone1-naphthalen-2-yl-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylpentan-1-one: a monoamine uptake inhibitor; structure in first source
mrs 3558
cvt-68833-ethyl-1-propyl-8-(1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione: structure in first source
pf 5142732-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo(3,4-f)(1,4)oxazepin-8(5H)-one: putative anti-obesity agent; structure in first source
mk-9470MK-9470: Radiopharmaceutical; for gender-dependent increases with healthy aging of the human cerebral cannabinoid-type 1 receptor binding PET
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea: structure in first source
a-796260(1-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone: structure in first source
cannabidivarincannabidivarin: from Cannabis sativamonoterpenoid
col-144lasmiditan: a high-affinity, highly selective serotonin 5-HT(1F) receptor agonist; structure in first source
ino-8875INO-8875: structure in first source
tozadenanttozadenant: an adenosine A2A receptor antagonistbenzothiazoles
psb 361-butyl-8-(3-noradamantyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)xanthine: an A1 receptor antagonistoxopurine
lj 529
4-cyano-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-n-(piperidin-1-yl)-1h-pyrazole-3-carboxamide4-cyano-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide: a CB1 cannabinoid receptor radioligand for PET imaging
omdm 169OMDM 169: has antinociceptive activity; structure in first source
af 3535-(5-iodo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: a P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonist; structure in first source
a 803467A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source
4-thiouridylic acid
sp 2033-fluoro-5-(2-(2-(fluoromethyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile: a radioligand for mGlu5 receptor; structure in first source
a-836339A-836339: structure in first source
v 20063-(4-amino-3-methylbenzyl)-7-(2-furyl)-3H-(1,2,3)triazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidine-5-amine: antiparkinson agent; structure in first source
acid blue 25
acid blue 129
smm-189SMM-189: a cannabinoid 2 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first source
n-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-oxo-1-pentyl-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamideN-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-oxo-1-pentyl-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide: structure in first source
psb603PSB603: an adenosine A2B receptor antagonist
mrs2500
nitd 609NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source
ur-144(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone: structure in first source
misoprostol
am6545AM6545: structure in first source
n,n-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamineN,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine: structure in first sourcetryptamines
s-777469S-777469: an orally available cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist as an antipruritic agent; structure in first source
AKB48N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentylindazole-3-carboxamide: a synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first sourcearomatic amide;
indazoles
jd5037JD5037: a cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first source
sdb-001N-(adamtan-1-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide: a cannabimimetic; structure in first source
((5z)5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methylene-2-phenylamino-3,5-dihydro-4h-imidazol-4-one)leucettine L41 : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a (2-anilino-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ylidene)methyl group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of DYRK1A, DYRK2, CLK1, and CLK3 (IC50s = 0.04, 0.035, 0.015, and 4.5 muM, respectively).benzodioxoles;
imidazolone;
substituted aniline
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.12.1 (dual-specificity kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent
sildenafilsildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
psb 11
n-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-(5-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-purin-8-yl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-acetamide
luf 58342-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile: structure in first source