dendrite membrane

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite. [GOC:mah]

The dendrite membrane is a specialized cellular compartment that plays a crucial role in neuronal signaling. It comprises a complex phospholipid bilayer studded with various proteins, channels, and receptors. These components work in concert to receive, integrate, and propagate electrical and chemical signals from presynaptic neurons.

The dendrite membrane's structure is essential for its function. The phospholipid bilayer provides a selective barrier, allowing for the controlled movement of ions and molecules across the membrane. Embedded within this bilayer are a diverse array of proteins, each with specific roles:

**Ion channels:** These transmembrane proteins form pores that allow the selective passage of specific ions, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride. The opening and closing of these channels are tightly regulated by various factors, including voltage, ligand binding, and phosphorylation. Their activity is crucial for generating and propagating electrical signals along the dendrite.

**Receptors:** These proteins bind to neurotransmitters released from presynaptic neurons, triggering a cascade of intracellular signaling events. Different types of receptors exist, each with distinct affinities and signaling pathways. For example, ionotropic receptors directly open ion channels upon neurotransmitter binding, while metabotropic receptors activate intracellular signaling cascades through G-protein coupling.

**Adhesion molecules:** These proteins facilitate the interaction between dendrites and other cells, including axons, glia, and other dendrites. They contribute to the formation and stability of synapses, the specialized junctions where neurons communicate.

**Other components:** The dendrite membrane also contains various other components, including enzymes, signaling molecules, and cytoskeletal elements. These components contribute to the membrane's structural integrity, regulate its fluidity, and participate in intracellular signaling processes.

The composition and organization of the dendrite membrane are highly dynamic and can be influenced by various factors, including neuronal activity, developmental stage, and environmental stimuli. This plasticity allows neurons to adapt and fine-tune their responses to incoming signals, contributing to the complexity and flexibility of neuronal networks. In summary, the dendrite membrane serves as a vital interface for neuronal communication, integrating incoming signals and contributing to the intricate processing of information within the nervous system.'
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Proteins (22)

Compounds (637)