neuronal dense core vesicle

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals. [GOC:dos, ISBN:978-0-07-181001-2, Wikipedia:Neuropeptide&oldid=713905176]

Neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) are specialized organelles found in neurons that play a crucial role in the storage and regulated release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other bioactive molecules. These vesicles are characterized by their electron-dense core, which is primarily composed of aggregated cargo molecules. The core is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer membrane, similar to other cellular vesicles.

**Key components of the neuronal DCV include:**

**1. Cargo molecules:**
- **Neurotransmitters:** These include classical neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, as well as neuropeptides like substance P and enkephalin.
- **Other bioactive molecules:** This can include enzymes, proteins, and lipids, depending on the specific type of neuron and the function of the DCV.

**2. Membrane proteins:**
- **V-SNARE proteins:** These proteins are involved in the fusion of DCVs with the plasma membrane, allowing for exocytosis. Examples include synaptobrevin and VAMP.
- **T-SNARE proteins:** These proteins are located on the plasma membrane and interact with V-SNAREs to facilitate fusion. Examples include syntaxin and SNAP-25.
- **Rab GTPases:** These small GTPases regulate vesicle trafficking and docking.
- **Other membrane proteins:** These can include transmembrane receptors, transporters, and channels that regulate the composition and release of the DCV contents.

**3. Matrix components:**
- **Soluble proteins:** These can include chaperone proteins, enzymes, and other proteins involved in the processing and sorting of cargo molecules.
- **Lipids:** The lipid composition of the DCV membrane is distinct from other cellular membranes, and these lipids play a role in vesicle stability and fusion.

**4. Regulatory proteins:**
- **Ca2+ sensors:** These proteins, such as synaptotagmin, bind calcium ions and trigger the fusion of DCVs with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents.
- **Other regulatory proteins:** These can include kinases, phosphatases, and other proteins involved in signaling pathways that control vesicle trafficking and release.

**Overall, the neuronal DCV is a complex and highly regulated organelle that plays a critical role in neuronal communication and function.**'
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Proteins (7)

Compounds (491)