diet induced thermogenesis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signaling in the sympathetic nervous system. [PMID:12161655]

Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is the increase in metabolic rate that occurs after consuming food. It is a key component of energy expenditure and plays a crucial role in regulating body weight. DIT involves the breakdown of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and their subsequent metabolism, which generates heat as a byproduct. The process is initiated by the ingestion of food, which triggers various physiological and hormonal changes.

The digestive process itself requires energy, contributing to DIT. As food travels through the digestive tract, enzymes and muscles involved in digestion expend energy. Furthermore, the absorption of nutrients, particularly carbohydrates and proteins, stimulates the release of hormones like insulin, glucagon, and catecholamines. These hormones influence various metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of glycogen, the breakdown of glucose, and the oxidation of fat.

The breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose and fatty acids, within cells generates heat through processes like oxidative phosphorylation and the uncoupling of electron transport chains. This heat production contributes to the increase in overall metabolic rate observed during DIT.

The magnitude of DIT varies depending on factors such as the type and quantity of food consumed, individual metabolism, and hormonal status. For instance, protein-rich meals tend to elicit a higher DIT than carbohydrate-rich meals. This is attributed to the greater energy required for protein synthesis and turnover.

DIT plays an important role in weight management and overall health. A higher DIT can help to prevent weight gain by increasing energy expenditure. Conversely, a lower DIT may contribute to weight gain. Factors that can influence DIT include age, gender, physical activity level, genetics, and lifestyle habits.

While DIT is a significant factor in energy balance, it is not the sole determinant of weight control. Other factors, such as dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep quality, also play important roles. However, understanding the mechanisms of DIT can provide valuable insights into optimizing energy expenditure and achieving a healthy weight.'
"

Proteins (6)

Compounds (234)