Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Bell Palsy

A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Bell Palsy

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Bell palsy is a condition resulting from a peripheral edematous compression on the nervous fibers of the facial nerve."( Becelli, R; Carboni, A; Perugini, M; Renzi, G, 2003)
"Bell palsy is largely a diagnosis of exclusion, but certain features in the history and physical examination help distinguish it from facial paralysis due to other conditions: eg, abrupt onset with complete, unilateral facial weakness at 24 to 72 hours, and, on the affected side, numbness or pain around the ear, a reduction in taste, and hypersensitivity to sounds."( Ahmed, A, 2005)
"Bell palsy is an acute affliction of the facial nerve, resulting in sudden paralysis or weakness of the muscles on one side of the face."( Albers, JR; Tamang, S, 2014)
"Bell palsy is a non-progressive neurological condition characterized by the acute onset of ipsilateral seventh cranial nerve paralysis."( Jayashree, D; Lakshmanan, AP; Pravalika, KH; Radhakrishnan, R; Rajangam, J; Rao, KU; Roshitha, B; Sivanandy, P; Sravani, MJ, 2024)
"Bell palsy is idiopathic."( Dalrymple, SN; Gazewood, J; Row, JH, 2023)
"Bell palsy is the third most frequent diagnosis in children with sudden-onset neurologic dysfunction."( Babl, FE; Borland, ML; Cheek, JA; Dalziel, K; Dalziel, SR; Davidson, A; Hearps, S; Herd, DW; Huang, L; Lee, KJ; Mackay, MT; Xiong, X, 2023)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Antiviral treatments for Bell palsy have been widely used, but there is no definite conclusion of which is the most effective antiviral drug."( Cao, J; Wang, Z; Zhang, X, 2022)
"The cost-effectiveness of treating Bell palsy with prednisolone in children is unknown."( Babl, FE; Borland, ML; Cheek, JA; Dalziel, K; Dalziel, SR; Davidson, A; Hearps, S; Herd, DW; Huang, L; Lee, KJ; Mackay, MT; Xiong, X, 2023)

Research

Studies (335)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199034 (10.15)23.3326
1990's13 (3.88)12.5806
2000's126 (37.61)18.1394
2010's120 (35.82)28.8240
2020's42 (12.54)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
aminolevulinic acid0low10
salicylic acid0low20
cytosine0low10
histamine0low30
niacin0low30
phenytoin0low10
antipyrine0low10
aspirin0low10
bendroflumethiazide0low10
bisoprolol0low10
chlorambucil0low10
brl 428100medium82
lidocaine0medium41
edaravone0low10
mepivacaine0low10
metronidazole0low20
nifedipine0low10
pentoxifylline0low30
pirenzepine0low10
procaine0low10
propranolol0low10
hydrocortisone acetate0low10
prednisolone0medium11223
thyroxine0low10
prednisolone acetate0low10
penicillin g0low10
triiodothyronine0low10
chloramphenicol0low20
apomorphine0low10
triamcinolone diacetate0low10
mannitol0low20
cytarabine0low10
valine0medium429
2-aminopurine0medium72
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate0low10
titanium0low10
gadolinium0low60
gold0medium11
triamcinolone0low20
amoxicillin0low10
etoposide0low10
ribavirin0low50
propiconazole0medium31
fomesafen0low20
mifepristone0low10
cidofovir anhydrous0low10
atorvastatin0low10
efavirenz0low10
metaperiodate0low10
cephalosporin c0low10
oxazolidin-2-one0low20
fibrinogen0low10
perindopril0low10
methotrexate0low20
methyl 5-aminolevulinate0low10
organophosphonates0low10
cortisone0low260
inositol 3-phosphate0low80
linezolid0low20
clindamycin0low10
zithromax0low10
u 01260low10
alprostadil0medium21
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low20
aluminum0low10
nitrofurazone0low10
beta-escin0low10
gadolinium dtpa0low90
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination0low10
thimerosal0low10
ro13-99040low30
cardiovascular agents0low10
interleukin-80low10
natriuretic peptide, brain0low10
chlortetracycline0low10
rome0low10
vitamin b 120low60
exudates0low10
acyclovir0medium11117
valacyclovir0medium4711
eye0medium31

Protein Targets (911)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, Beta-lactamase110011
thioredoxin reductase220022
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1220022
IDH1130013
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha0202
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0202
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G4004
TAR DNA-binding protein 43100010
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta0202
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha0202
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta0202
Chain E, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein100010
Chain B, HADH2 protein100010
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain6006
Thymidine kinase 0202
phosphopantetheinyl transferase9009
GLS protein110011
TDP1 protein310031
Smad35005
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor110011
EWS/FLI fusion protein120012
arylsulfatase A7007
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2220022
activating transcription factor 67007
Histone H2A.x130013
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 18008
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor3003
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a3003
lamin isoform A-delta10250025
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0204
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3026026
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4026028
Solute carrier family 22 member 60305
Bile salt export pump0606
Bile salt export pump034034
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0102
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 20001
Cytochrome P450 2C9 012114
Cytochrome P450 2J20707
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 173104
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60205
Thymidine kinase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80205
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1026027
Thymidine kinase0202
AR protein320032
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]230023
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha410041
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma190019
Cellular tumor antigen p53230023
Thromboxane-A synthase 0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Prostacyclin receptor0112
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A10001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B7007
geminin290029
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-10101
Glutamate receptor 10101
Glutamate receptor 20101
Glutamate receptor 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Solute carrier family 15 member 10506
Glutamate receptor 40101
Solute carrier family 15 member 10303
Solute carrier family 15 member 20404
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE120012
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase110011
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA16006
Beta-lactamase 0002
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
DNA polymerase eta isoform 13003
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)150015
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor8008
plasminogen precursor8008
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor8008
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 16006
Beta-lactamase SHV-10002
Beta-lactamase SHV-10002
Beta-lactamase0002
Kappa-type opioid receptor0103
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0002
Solute carrier family 15 member 20202
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
ATAD5 protein, partial9009
USP1 protein, partial110011
GLI family zinc finger 3230023
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3170017
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1230023
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha150015
67.9K protein6006
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta170017
chromobox protein homolog 1210021
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a100010
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2130013
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1250025
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0303
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE8008
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase4004
Luciferase8008
acetylcholinesterase7007
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit9009
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma240024
Microtubule-associated protein tau9009
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)100010
progesterone receptor170017
regulator of G-protein signaling 4100010
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4160016
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha280028
farnesoid X nuclear receptor110011
cytochrome P450 2D6110011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor100010
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a190019
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor8008
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a100010
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)120012
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 14004
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a5005
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor3003
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 17007
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA130013
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d7007
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2200020
mitogen-activated protein kinase 16006
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1100010
peripheral myelin protein 22100010
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1110011
lethal factor (plasmid)4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi112215
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B4004
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit140014
Integrin beta-35106
Integrin alpha-IIb5106
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0203
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
D(2) dopamine receptor0338
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1112215
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0415
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta112215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2112215
D0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0619
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0112
Glutamate receptor 2140014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5112215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3112215
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0338
D(4) dopamine receptor0214
D(1B) dopamine receptor0203
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0112
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1112215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2112215
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0213
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4112215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3112215
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6112215
D(4) dopamine receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0415
Histamine H2 receptor5016
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Spike glycoprotein7018
D(2) dopamine receptor0224
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1113216
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3112215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2112215
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20202
D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0101
GABA theta subunit112215
D0202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5120012
Ataxin-2150015
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10516
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon112215
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase100010
Chain A, Phospholipase A2 isoform 30011
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0011
ras protein, partial0011
interleukin 85005
hypothetical protein, conserved4004
glucocerebrosidase4004
Rac1 protein0011
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0011
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1100010
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 10607
Carbonic anhydrase 20619
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0202
Myeloperoxidase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10505
Adenosine receptor A10113
Adenosine receptor A2a0214
Substance-P receptor0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20505
Urotensin-2 receptor0101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma7007
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Rho-associated protein kinase 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60303
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10011
Chain A, Cruzipain4004
SMAD family member 28008
SMAD family member 38008
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease5005
pregnane X nuclear receptor220022
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor150015
caspase-35005
Caspase-71001
caspase-31001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0001
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10607
Insulin receptor 0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0101
Histone deacetylase 10101
Histone deacetylase 20101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30407
Histone deacetylase 60101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20304
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10104
glp-1 receptor, partial110011
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 0101
Protease 0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0325
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0224
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0224
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 12002
Interferon beta170017
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30303
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20123
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
NFKB1 protein, partial4004
GALC protein4004
Thrombopoietin3003
thioredoxin glutathione reductase5005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)8008
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 17007
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR0001
survival motor neuron protein isoform d120012
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 17007
Carbonic anhydrase 120203
Cytochrome P450 2D60304
Carbonic anhydrase 90304
G120012
heat shock protein beta-19009
streptokinase A precursor0044
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase0001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 120012
30S ribosomal protein S60303
30S ribosomal protein S70303
50S ribosomal protein L150303
Cytochrome P450 3A4010011
50S ribosomal protein L100303
50S ribosomal protein L110303
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120303
50S ribosomal protein L190303
50S ribosomal protein L10303
50S ribosomal protein L200303
50S ribosomal protein L270303
50S ribosomal protein L280303
50S ribosomal protein L290303
50S ribosomal protein L310303
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0303
50S ribosomal protein L320303
50S ribosomal protein L330303
50S ribosomal protein L340303
50S ribosomal protein L350303
50S ribosomal protein L360303
30S ribosomal protein S100303
30S ribosomal protein S110303
30S ribosomal protein S120303
30S ribosomal protein S130303
30S ribosomal protein S160303
30S ribosomal protein S180303
30S ribosomal protein S190303
30S ribosomal protein S200303
30S ribosomal protein S20303
30S ribosomal protein S30303
30S ribosomal protein S40303
30S ribosomal protein S50303
30S ribosomal protein S80303
30S ribosomal protein S90303
50S ribosomal protein L130303
50S ribosomal protein L140303
50S ribosomal protein L160303
50S ribosomal protein L230303
30S ribosomal protein S150303
50S ribosomal protein L170303
50S ribosomal protein L210303
50S ribosomal protein L300303
50S ribosomal protein L60303
30S ribosomal protein S140303
30S ribosomal protein S170303
30S ribosomal protein S10303
50S ribosomal protein L180303
50S ribosomal protein L20303
50S ribosomal protein L30303
50S ribosomal protein L240303
50S ribosomal protein L40303
50S ribosomal protein L220303
50S ribosomal protein L50303
30S ribosomal protein S210303
50S ribosomal protein L250303
50S ribosomal protein L36 20303
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1120012
Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial0011
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial120012
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0202
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40505
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase0011
Thymidine kinase0001
endonuclease IV4004
dopamine D1 receptor5005
pregnane X receptor6006
flap endonuclease 16006
M-phase phosphoprotein 84004
Glucocorticoid receptor112424
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1012012
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0303
Glycine receptor subunit beta012012
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2012012
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3012012
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10112
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10303
LMP1 [Human herpesvirus 4]0003
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0303
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 13003
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0303
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0303
Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial0101
Thymidine kinase0101
Thymidylate synthase0203
Thymidine kinase0101
Deoxycytidine kinase0001
Probable deoxycytidylate deaminase0001
Cytidine deaminase0102
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] 0101
Deoxynucleoside kinase0101
Deoxycytidine kinase0001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein3003
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90002
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B170001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0103
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70001
Chain A, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain A, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain B, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain A, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain B, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain A, Pol Polyprotein0101
Chain B, Pol Polyprotein0101
PPM1D protein4004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 27007
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A3003
Prothrombin 0101
Gag-Pol polyprotein0202
Gag-Pol polyprotein0101
Cytochrome P450 2B60001
Acetylcholinesterase0001
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit0101
Envelope glycoprotein gp160 [Cleaved into: Surface protein gp120 0101
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0218
Protease 0001
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 0001
Reverse transcriptase 0112
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase0011
Prothrombin0012
Regulatory protein E20011
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
DNA topoisomerase 10102
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0117
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150303
DNA topoisomerase 20001
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10112
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0002
Caspase-30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0002
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha 0001
DNA topoisomerase 2-beta0118
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0002
Tubulin beta-2B chain0101
Integrase 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0002
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30102
Plasma kallikrein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 30102
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40203
Carbonic anhydrase 60102
Histamine H2 receptor0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Histamine H1 receptor0134
Histamine H1 receptor0213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50213
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0203
Histamine H1 receptor0224
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 70102
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 150102
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
Carbonic anhydrase 140102
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0102
Histamine H3 receptor0123
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 35005
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 14004
snurportin-14004
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 12002
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50202
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0304
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20505
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0404
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0303
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0303
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0606
Cytochrome P450 1A20304
Estrogen receptor0011
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0202
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0202
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 2C190203
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0606
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0606
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0708
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A0101
Estrogen receptor beta0011
Renin0101
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
acid sphingomyelinase1001
ClpP1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
Thymidylate synthase 0101
alpha-galactosidase2002
Thymidylate synthase 0101
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX123003
DNA polymerase beta1001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1100010
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase 0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Thymidylate synthase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
High mobility group protein B10022
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0224
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Folate receptor beta0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Histidine decarboxylase0101
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0001
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Reduced folate transporter0202
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Caspase-71001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30003
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Pteridine reductase 10101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
Multidrug resistance associated protein0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
nonstructural protein 14004
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20022
Androgen receptor0505
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Thioredoxin reductase 0101
Flavodoxin0001
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A4004
Chain A, PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR0101
Glucocorticoid receptor 0101
Fumarate hydratase3003
polyprotein3003
D(1A) dopamine receptor4004
huntingtin isoform 22002
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor2002
Estrogen receptor1416
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Progesterone receptor0418
Tegument protein VP160011
Glucocorticoid receptor0225
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Mineralocorticoid receptor 1428
Coagulation factor VII0101
Androgen receptor1517
Cytochrome P450 2C80202
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0336
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0336
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase 0101
Tissue factor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0214
Mu-type opioid receptor0314
Kappa-type opioid receptor0314
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140202
Progesterone receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta1416
Glucocorticoid receptor0101
Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 10101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
Polyphenol oxidase 20203
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-42002
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-22002
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 30011
Nicotinamidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20011
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20213
D-aspartate oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20112
Parkin1001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
beta-2 adrenergic receptor2002
tumor necrosis factor1001
perilipin-50101
perilipin-10101
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK13003
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40404
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20315
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40203
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50203
Adenosine receptor A30415
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10327
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated0001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30315
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 0101
Platelet-activating factor receptor0001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0415
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0314
Adenosine receptor A10505
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0202
C-C chemokine receptor type 20202
Inositol monophosphatase 15005
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
C-terminal-binding protein 11001
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10001
Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0114
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20001
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
Snake venom metalloproteinase BaP10101
NAD(+) hydrolase SARM10202
Vpr2002
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 10001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase OXA-100001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase TEM0102
Beta-lactamase0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Efflux transporter 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase Toho-10001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Class D beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-b-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase IMP-1 0001
BlaVIM-1 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0001
vasopressin V1b receptor1001
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A0101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Tumor necrosis factor0101
Cholinesterase0101
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Adenosine receptor A2b0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chitotriosidase-10213
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A0101
Endochitinase B10213
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0101
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor DM10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
luciferase0001
Glutamine synthetase0011
Nociceptin receptor0011
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20002
heat shock protein 90, putative0002
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0113
Albumin0112
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0124
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0203
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0214
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0124
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0012
Endothelin-1 receptor0112
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70112
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0124
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0012
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
Delta-type opioid receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60213
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
NS5 0011
Spike glycoprotein0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10011
Transmembrane protease serine 20011
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 32002
Polymerase basic protein 20011
RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit0011
Polymerase acidic protein0022
Procathepsin L0011
Replicase polyprotein 1a0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Adenosylhomocysteinase0002
Adenosine receptor A10101
Genome polyprotein0011
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0011
Sphingosine kinase 20202
Sphingosine kinase 10101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
Nrf21001
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
toll-like receptor 90101
caspase recruitment domain family, member 150101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
neurotensin receptor type 10011
receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform 10101
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
Alpha-synuclein1001
large T antigen0101
Beta lactamase (plasmid)0101
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10022
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10022
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40103
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50002
Transthyretin0103
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen0202
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0022
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0044
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10102
Monocarboxylate transporter 80001
Bile acid receptor0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10001
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein0101
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10101
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase0101
Malate dehydrogenase0101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf0101
Chymotrypsinogen B0101
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase0101
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 20101
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 10101
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 50101
Valacyclovir hydrolase0001
Chain A, Arginase 10101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
twin arginine protein translocation system - TatA protein0001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]