lisofylline profile

Lisofylline is a synthetic xanthine derivative with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. It is structurally similar to theophylline, another xanthine derivative, but with a unique chemical structure. It is studied for its potential therapeutic benefits in respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lisofylline acts as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, leading to increased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cells. This increased cAMP levels contribute to bronchodilation, reducing airway inflammation and improving lung function. Its specific mechanism of action involves inhibiting PDE4, which is primarily expressed in inflammatory cells. By inhibiting PDE4, lisofylline suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and leukotrienes. This, in turn, helps to reduce airway inflammation and improve respiratory symptoms.'
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1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine: the primary metabolite of pentoxifyline; CTP-499 is a partially deuterated form [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione : A dimethylxanthine that is 3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione which is substituted at positions 1,3 and 7 by a 5-hydroxyhexyl group, methyl group and methyl group, respectively. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

lisofylline: metabolite of pentoxifylline; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

(R)-lisofylline : A 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione that has (R)-configuration. A synthetic small molecule which was under development for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	57782
CHEMBL ID	1514176
CHEBI ID	143565
SCHEMBL ID	680306
MeSH ID	M0084266
PubMed CID	501254
CHEMBL ID	1411
CHEBI ID	143527
SCHEMBL ID	39131
MeSH ID	M0084266

Synonym
xanthine, 1-(5'-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl
lsf
SMP2_000274
NCGC00163298-01
3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)xanthine
lisofylline [usan:inn]
1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione
1h-purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-
1-(5'-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine
bl 194
1h-purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-, (r)-
1-(5r-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine
1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione
pentoxifylline alcohol
hydroxy pentoxifylline
(+/-)-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine
CHEBI:143565
lisophylline
(+/-)-lisofylline
(r)-lisophylline
l1f2q2x956 ,
unii-l1f2q2x956
dtxsid6046343 ,
dtxcid4026343
cas-6493-06-7
tox21_112043
6493-06-7
lisofylline, (+/-)-
theobromine, 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-
penthydroxyfylline
r99ee080js ,
penthydroxyfylline alcohol
unii-r99ee080js
FT-0670822
FT-0670823
5-hydroxypentoxyfylline
5'-hydroxypentoxyphylline
bl-194
hydroxypentoxifylline
1h-purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-theobromine, 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-
(+/-)-lisophylline
SCHEMBL680306
NCGC00163298-02
tox21_112043_1
CHEMBL1514176
mfcd00871850
(+/-)-lisofylline, analytical standard
HY-126042
1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine
1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1h-purine-2,6(3h,7h)-dione
FT-0670824
SB18959
AS-6130
1-[5-hydroxyhexyl]-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione
alcool metabolite, pentoxifylline
6493-06-7 (racemic)
lisofylline (raceimic)
Q27288004
AT25342
( inverted exclamation marka)-lisofylline
AKOS037645541
1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione
lisofylline (r,s)
penthydroxifillyne
also see
CS-0090310
ct1501r
1-[(5r)-5-hydroxyhexyl]-3,7-dimethyl-purine-2,6-dione
ct-1501r
r-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine
lisofylline
protec
protec (tn)
lisofylline (usan/inn)
D04748
100324-81-0
ct 1501r
1-[(5r)-5-hydroxyhexyl]-3,7-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione
CHEMBL1411
lisofylline, (r)-
3,7-dihydro-1-[(5r)-5-hydroxyhexyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1h-purine-2,6-dione
1-[(r)-5-hydroxyhexyl]theobromine
CHEBI:143527
(r)-lsf
1-[(5r)-5-hydroxyhexyl]-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione
1-[(5r)-5-hydroxyhexyl]-3,7-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione
(-)-lisofylline
lisofyllinum
lisofilina
(r)-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine
(r)-lisofylline
NCGC00186630-01
SCHEMBL39131
lisofylline [usan]
lisofylline [inn]
lisofylline [mi]
lisofylline [who-dd]
DTXSID7058709
gtpl9225
AKOS025394050
J-000102
1-(5-r-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine
DB12406
HY-109854A
Q15409404
CS-0034091
(r)-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1h-purine-2,6(3h,7h)-dione
MS-23979
EX-A6722

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" CTP-499 was well tolerated with no serious or severe adverse events, or adverse events leading to discontinuation."	( A First-in-Patient, Multicenter, Double-Blind, 2-Arm, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Safety and Tolerability Study of a Novel Oral Drug Candidate, CTP-499, in Chronic Kidney Disease. Braman, V; Cheng, C; Dao, M; Graham, P; Liu, J; Neutel, J; Sabounjian, L; Shipley, J; Wu, L, 2016)	0.43

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated were area under the concentration-time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)), maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), elimination rate constant (k(el)), and half-life (t1/2)."	( Pharmacokinetics of intranasal and intratracheal pentoxifylline in rabbits. Adcock, KG; Deaton, JS; Hogan, SM; Kyle, PB; Olivier, JH, 2007)	0.34
"The pharmacokinetic profiles after intranasal and intratracheal administration of pentoxifylline appear similar to those after intravenous administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of intranasal and intratracheal pentoxifylline in rabbits. Adcock, KG; Deaton, JS; Hogan, SM; Kyle, PB; Olivier, JH, 2007)	0.34
"The aim of this study was to develop pharmacokinetic models for pentoxifylline (PTX) and the R(-)-enantiomer of the PTX metabolite 1, lisofylline (LSF), in order to identify some factors influencing the absorption of these compounds from the intestines and to clarify mechanisms involved in their non-linear pharmacokinetics."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling of pentoxifylline and lisofylline after oral and intravenous administration in mice. Obruśnik, A; Pekala, E; Szymura-Oleksiak, J; Wyska, E, 2007)	0.34
" The application of the assay to a pilot pharmacokinetic study and tissue distribution of the compounds in rats after intraperitoneal dosing of 50 mg x kg(-1) of PTX was described."	( Validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for pharmacokinetic evaluation of pentoxifylline and lisofylline in rat serum and tissues. Pekala, E; Szymura-Oleksiak, J; Walczak, M, )	0.13
" This hypothesis was supported by the outcomes of pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between verapamil and methylxanthine derivatives in mice. Wyska, E, 2010)	0.36
" The aim of the study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of LSF in mice and to perform simulations in order to predict LSF concentrations in human serum and tissues following intravenous and oral administration."	( Physiologically based modeling of lisofylline pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration in mice. Pociecha, K; Przejczowska-Pomierny, K; Świerczek, A; Wyska, E, 2016)	0.43
"Lisofylline (LSF) is an anti-inflammatory molecule with high aqueous solubility and rapid metabolic interconversion to its parent drug, pentoxifylline (PTX) resulting in very poor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, necessitating high dose and dosing frequency."	( Nanoparticulate tablet dosage form of lisofylline-linoleic acid conjugate for type 1 diabetes: in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) studies and pharmacokinetics in rat. Chitkara, D; Italiya, KS; Mittal, A; Singh, AK, 2021)	0.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Its high solubility and rapid metabolism results in poor bioavailability and short half-life, limiting its clinical utility."	( Self-assembling lisofylline-fatty acid conjugate for effective treatment of diabetes mellitus. Chitkara, D; Italiya, KS; Mahato, RI; Mazumdar, S; Mittal, A; Sharma, S, 2019)	0.51
" A subcutaneous route of (±)-LSF administration to rats is more favourable than an oral one due to a high bioavailability and a fast absorption of both LSF enantiomers."	( Influence of inflammatory disorders on pharmacokinetics of lisofylline in rats: implications for studies in humans. Baś, S; Mlynarski, J; Pociecha, K; Świerczek, A; Wyska, E, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Prospective, randomized, and blinded survival studies were performed with two lisofylline dosing regimens added to fluid resuscitation in a shock model."	( Lisofylline decreases white cell adhesiveness and improves survival after experimental hemorrhagic shock. Aswani, S; Daughters, K; Rice, G; Waxman, K, 1996)	0.29
" Dosing was continued for 20 days or until the patient achieved 48 hrs of unassisted breathing."	( Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lisofylline for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 2002)	0.31
" These data provide support for development of pentoxifylline intranasal and intratracheal dosage formulations that would be suitable for use in premature neonates."	( Pharmacokinetics of intranasal and intratracheal pentoxifylline in rabbits. Adcock, KG; Deaton, JS; Hogan, SM; Kyle, PB; Olivier, JH, 2007)	0.34
" The application of the assay to a pilot pharmacokinetic study and tissue distribution of the compounds in rats after intraperitoneal dosing of 50 mg x kg(-1) of PTX was described."	( Validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for pharmacokinetic evaluation of pentoxifylline and lisofylline in rat serum and tissues. Pekala, E; Szymura-Oleksiak, J; Walczak, M, )	0.13
" The proposed PK/PD model allowed a better understanding of the pharmacological properties of both methylxanthine derivatives and may be helpful in appropriate dosage selection for further studies."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of methylxanthine derivatives in mice challenged with high-dose lipopolysaccharide. Wyska, E, 2010)	0.36
"Lisofylline (LSF) is an anti-inflammatory molecule with high aqueous solubility and rapid metabolic interconversion to its parent drug, pentoxifylline (PTX) resulting in very poor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, necessitating high dose and dosing frequency."	( Nanoparticulate tablet dosage form of lisofylline-linoleic acid conjugate for type 1 diabetes: in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) studies and pharmacokinetics in rat. Chitkara, D; Italiya, KS; Mittal, A; Singh, AK, 2021)	0.62

Role	Description
anti-inflammatory agent	Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
immunomodulator	Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
secondary alcohol	A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
dimethylxanthine
1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione	A dimethylxanthine that is 3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione which is substituted at positions 1,3 and 7 by a 5-hydroxyhexyl group, methyl group and methyl group, respectively.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7762	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347398
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4915	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	38.9018	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
Inositol monophosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	10.4756	28.1838	AID1457
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (55)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1815370	Antidiabetic activity against STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat model assessed as decrease in fasting blood glucose level at 15 mg/kg, ip administered once daily for 5 weeks and measured after 3 weeks by glucometric analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815353	Clearance in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815345	AUMC (0 to t) in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID267569	Secretion of insulin in INS1 cells at 20 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13	Synthesis and biological evaluation of lisofylline (LSF) analogs as a potential treatment for Type 1 diabetes.
AID1815343	AUC (0 to infinity) in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815347	AUMC (0 to infinity) in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815364	Binding affinity to bovine serum albumin assessed as decrease in fluorescence intensity measured after 30 mins by fluorescence quenching method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815337	Initial plasma concentration in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815351	Volume of distribution in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID267568	Protection of cytokine-induced death of pancreatic beta cells at 0.1 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13	Synthesis and biological evaluation of lisofylline (LSF) analogs as a potential treatment for Type 1 diabetes.
AID1815341	AUC (0 to t) in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815366	Elimination rate constant in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg,iv measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815373	Protection against STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell destruction in Wistar rat assessed as proper arrangement of islets at 15 mg/kg, ip administered once daily for 5 weeks and measured on day 35 by Hematoxylin and eosin staining based analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815349	MRT in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID267571	Half life in human liver	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13	Synthesis and biological evaluation of lisofylline (LSF) analogs as a potential treatment for Type 1 diabetes.
AID1815371	Antidiabetic activity against STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat model assessed as decrease in fasting blood glucose level at 15 mg/kg, ip administered once daily for 5 weeks and measured after 5 weeks by glucometric analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815339	Half life in Wistar rat at 15 mg/kg, iv measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
AID1815332	Cytotoxicity against mouse MIN6 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM equiv. LSF measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	8 (7.14)	18.7374
1990's	38 (33.93)	18.2507
2000's	34 (30.36)	29.6817
2010's	23 (20.54)	24.3611
2020's	9 (8.04)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (9.09%)	5.53%
Trials	6 (5.71%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Reviews	5 (4.76%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	10 (90.91%)	84.16%
Other	94 (89.52%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Safety, Tolerability and Bioavailability Study of Lisofylline After Continuous Subcutaneous (12 mg/kg) and Intravenous (12 mg/kg) Administration in Healthy Subjects and in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00896077]	Phase 1/Phase 2	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
Strategies to Improve Long Term Islet Graft Survival [NCT00464555]	Phase 2	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Completed
A Safety, Tolerability and Bioavailability Study of Lisofylline After Continuous Subcutaneous (12 mg/kg) and Intravenous (9 mg/kg) Administration in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01603121]	Phase 1/Phase 2	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to enroll sufficient number of subjects)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
pentoxifylline [no description available]	3.51	1	1	oxopurine
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	3.18	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
theophylline [no description available]	2.38	2	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
caffeine [no description available]	7.45	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	1.96	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	6.99	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	1.97	1	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	3.53	2	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
nocodazole [no description available]	2	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
pentoxifylline [no description available]	12.19	100	6	oxopurine
propentofylline [no description available]	2	1	0	oxopurine
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	3.47	8	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.04	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.02	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
cytarabine [no description available]	2	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	1.95	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	1.95	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	1.99	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
thiazoles [no description available]	2.01	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.01	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.01	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	3.86	2	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
etoposide [no description available]	2	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.01	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
torbafylline torbafylline: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	3.86	2	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
hwa 138 1-(5-hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)-3-methylxanthine: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
a 802715 A 802715: causes dose-dependent protection against lipopolysaccharide induced lethal shock; counteracts tumor necrosis factor alpha toxicity	2.39	2	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
bradykinin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	3.08	1	0
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	1.99	1	0	tripeptide
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.99	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	1.99	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.86	2	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	1.99	1	0
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	1.98	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	7.99	4	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	2.05	1	0
thermozymocidin thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino fatty acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sphingoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.01	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	1.99	1	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
sk&f 107647 SK&F 107647: a synthetic hematoregulatory peptide that shares biological and/or modulatory activities with natural hematopoetic cytokines	3.08	1	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	3.08	1	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	3.11	1	0	polypeptide
glycolipids [no description available]	1.98	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.39	2	0
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	2.03	1	0
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	9.01	4	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	4.2	6	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	3.51	1	1
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	3.51	1	1
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	4.58	9	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	1	6.58	9	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.77	3	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	4.54	9	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	9.54	9	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	2.31	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	7.53	2	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	0	2.21	1	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	0	2.08	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	5.07	3	1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.51	6	2
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	7.51	6	2
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	5.07	3	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	7.13	1	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	0	2.13	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	2.91	4	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	2.05	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	7.01	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	2.01	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	7.01	1	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2.02	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	2.02	1	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	2.03	1	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	2.03	1	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	4.7	2	1
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	4.7	2	1
Bleeding [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	1.98	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	1.99	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	3.78	2	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	3.37	1	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	3.37	1	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	3.37	1	1
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	3.78	2	1
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	0	1.99	1	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	7.4	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	2.4	2	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	1.99	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	8.38	1	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	8.38	1	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	3.38	1	1
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	8.61	3	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	1.99	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	2	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	7	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	2.4	2	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	0	7	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	5	3	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	5	3	1
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	2	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	2	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, Smoldering [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulocytes constitute 5 to 40 percent of the nucleated marrow cells.	0	3.38	1	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	3.38	1	1
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	3.38	1	1
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	3.38	1	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Infection [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	3.39	1	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	3.39	1	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	3.32	2	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	0	2.92	1	0
Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0

lisofylline

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (109)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (55)

Research

Studies (112)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.31

Study Types

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

lisofylline

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (109)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (55)

Research

Studies (112)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.31

Study Types

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (60)

Related Conditions (99)