| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "3." | ( Bruch, HP; Gay, B; Kujath, P; Laven, R; Schmidt, E, 1977) |
| "Achalasia is infrequently reported in infants and children." | ( Büyükpamukçu, N; Hiçsönmez, A; Senocak, ME, 1990) |
| "A case of esophageal achalasia is reported in a 12 year-old child." | ( Cargill, G; Contencin, P; Foucaud, P; Le Guillou, C; Narcy, C; Navarro, J; Sablier, G, 1987) |
| "Achalasia is a disease of the esophagus characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, resulting in obstruction." | ( Mosley, RG; Reichelderfer, M; Sengupta, A; Singaram, C, 1994) |
| "Achalasia is characterized by loss of myenteric neurons and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)." | ( Bass, P; Gaumnitz, EA; Osinski, MA; Singaram, C; Sweet, MA, 1995) |
| "When pseudoachalasia is suspected on the basis of a constellation of findings, such as advanced age, rapid weight loss, and difficulty in passing the endoscope through the gastroesophageal junction of a nondilated esophagus, negative findings on biopsy and CT scans should not lead to a false reassurance of a benign disorder, and repeated biopsy and scans or surgical exploration may lead to the diagnosis of pseudoachalasia." | ( Tracey, JP; Traube, M, 1994) |
| "Achalasia is a rare pathology in infancy." | ( Anooshiravani, M; Christophe, C; Dugardeyn, C; Goyens, P; Perlmutter, N, 1993) |
| "Achalasia is a disease of undertermined etiology characterized by a defect in the innervation of esophageal smooth muscle causing aperistalsis of the esophageal body, increased lower esophageal sphnicter (LES) tone and inappropriate relaxation of the LES during swallowing." | ( Griffin, JW; Schuman, BM; Simmons, DB, 1997) |
| "Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder of unknown cause that produces complaints of dysphagia, regurgitation, and chest pain." | ( Vaezi, MF, 1999) |
| "Achalasia is a progressive disease, as verified by manometric and radiographic findings." | ( Awad, ZT; Filipi, CJ; Houghton, SG; Marsh, RE; Shiino, Y; Tomonaga, T, 1999) |
| "Achalasia is a common primary oesophageal motor disorder." | ( Annese, V; Bassotti, G, 1999) |
| "Achalasia is idiopathic in nature, but autoimmune and inflammatory mechanisms have been proposed for this disorder as well." | ( Heller, I; Isakov, A; Kornizky, Y; Shapira, I; Topilsky, M, 2000) |
| "When findings of achalasia are present on barium studies, a narrowed distal esophageal segment longer than 3." | ( Langlotz, CP; Laufer, I; Levine, MS; Rubesin, SE; Woodfield, CA, 2000) |
| "Achalasia is a rare but important condition affecting the myenteric neurons of the esophagus." | ( Hirano, I, 1999) |
| "Achalasia is treated with pneumatic dilation or myotomy, and botulinum toxin injections are occasionally used." | ( Kaplan, DS; Mukherjee, S; Parasher, G; Sipple, MS, 2000) |
| "Achalasia is an uncommon disease in children, but when present can result in severe disabling symptoms often requiring surgical intervention." | ( Bealer, JF; Chang, JH; Partrick, DA; Rothenberg, SS, 2001) |
| "Achalasia is a disease with many atypical and subtle symptoms, both initially and over time." | ( Blam, ME; Delfyett, W; Katzka, DA; Levine, MS; Metz, DC, 2002) |
| "Achalasia is a motility disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and dilation of the distal two-thirds of the esophagus." | ( Dabu, L; Fuhrman, MA; Knezevic, D; Saric, M; Stoupakis, G, 2004) |
| "The treatment of esophageal achalasia is still controversial: current therapies are palliative and aim to relieve dysphagia by disrupting or relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter muscle fibers with botulinum toxin." | ( Ancona, E; Annese, V; Costantini, M; Costantino, M; Epifani, M; Molena, D; Nicoletti, L; Rizzetto, C; Ruol, A; Vergadoro, V; Zaninotto, G, 2004) |
| "Achalasia is a disease of unknown aetiology." | ( Bruley des Varannes, S; Chevalier, J; Galmiche, JP; Klotz, M; Le Neel, JC; Neunlist, M; Pimont, S; Schafer, KH, 2006) |
| "Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the distal esophagus, showing reduced or absent swallow induced relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter region." | ( Allescher, HD, 2006) |
| "Achalasia is a primary esophageal disorder involving the body of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter affecting equally both genders and all ages." | ( Pohl, D; Tutuian, R, 2007) |
| "Esophageal achalasia is a rare disease in children and its origin is generally indeterminable." | ( Gangopadhyaya, AN; Gopal, SC; Gupta, DK; Kumar, V; Sharma, SP; Upadhyaya, VD, 2008) |
| "Esophageal achalasia is characterized by the absence of esophageal peristalsis and by a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter (LES)." | ( Fisichella, PM; Niponmick, I; Palazzo, F; Patti, MG; Raz, D, 2008) |
| "Achalasia is a rare motor disorder of the esophagus, characterized by the absence of peristalsis and impaired swallow-induced relaxation." | ( Cassolino, P; Chiaverina, M; Cisarò, F; Dughera, L, 2008) |
| "Esophageal achalasia is a rare disease and there have been very few reports about it, especially in children." | ( Cai, W; Xu, CD; Zaouche, A; Zhang, Y, 2009) |
| "Achalasia is an infrequent primary motility disorder of the esophagus." | ( Ahmed, A, 2008) |
| "Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by degenerative changes of the myenteric plexus." | ( Annese, V; Bassotti, G; Corazzi, N; Cuttitta, A; De Santo, E; Fisogni, S; Scaramuzzi, G; Villanacci, V, 2010) |
| "Achalasia is a chronic esophageal motility disorder characterized by incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and aperistalsis resulting in delayed esophageal emptying." | ( Moawad, FJ; Wong, RKh, 2010) |
| "Achalasia is a common adult disorder that rarely manifests in children and infrequently can be associated with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections." | ( Borrás-Salvador, R; Franco, J; Martí-Obiol, R; Martínez-González, D; Muñoz, C; Navarro-Ortega, D, 2011) |
| "Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology characterized by insufficient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation in response to deglution." | ( Ciuce, C; Farcau, D; Fufezan, O; Hagău, N; Iacob, D, 2010) |
| "Achalasia is a rare occurrence in the paediatric age group and even more extremely rare in the neonate and young infant." | ( Abonyi, LC; Arogundade, RA; Ojo, OF; Udo, EO, 2010) |
| "Megaesophagus is one of the major causes of morbidity in chronic Chagas disease, and extensive denervation, associated with an inflammatory process, is recognized as the key factor for alterations in motility and disease development." | ( Adad, SJ; de Souza Lisboa, A; Martins, PR; Morais da Silveira, AB; Nascimento, RD; Reis, Dd, 2013) |
| "Achalasia is a rare swallowing disorder and is characterized by a loss of the wave-like contraction that forces food through the oesophagus and a failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing." | ( Casselbrant, A; Kostic, S; Lönroth, H, 2015) |
| "Achalasia is a primary motor dysfunction of esophagus which can be created experimentally by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition." | ( Atasoy, P; Boybeyi, Ö; Soyer, T, 2015) |
| "Idiopathic achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in response to deglutition." | ( Kim, HP; Patel, DA; Vaezi, MF; Zifodya, JS, 2015) |
| "Pseudoachalasia is a rare disorder whose presentation strongly resembles idiopathic achalasia." | ( Deng, B; Ding, YB; Gao, XF; Sun, YY; Wang, YZ; Wu, DC; Wu, J; Xiao, WM, 2016) |
| "Achalasia is a recognized risk factor for esophageal SCC." | ( Hanaki, K; Higashide, S; Kanda, Y; Mise, M; Morimoto, T; Nio, M; Noda, H; Yata, Y; Yonenaga, Y, 2016) |
| "The diagnosis of achalasia is generally made based on patient symptoms, the appearance of the esophagus on endoscopy and barium esophagogram, and esophageal manometry." | ( Richter, J; Ross, D; Velanovich, V, 2017) |
| "Achalasia is the most common primary motility disorder of the esophagus and presents as dysphagia to solids and liquids." | ( Uppal, DS; Wang, AY, 2016) |
| "Esophageal achalasia is a type of motility disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absence of esophageal peristalsis." | ( Ji, M; Jiao, Y; Liu, J; Niu, Y; Yu, L; Zhang, S, 2018) |
| "Achalasia is a disease that affects esophageal bolus transit due to the absence of esophageal peristaltic contractions and impaired or absent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter." | ( Alves, LMT; Cassiani, RA; Dantas, RO; Santos, CM, 2018) |
| "Pseudoachalasia is a condition in which symptoms, radiologic, endoscopic, and manometric findings mimick idiopathic achalasia." | ( Eherer, AJ; Fabian, E; Krejs, GJ; Lackner, C; Smolle-Juettner, FM; Urban, C, 2019) |
| "Esophageal achalasia is a disease characterized by the impaired esophageal peristalsis and non-relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle with unknown causes." | ( Abe, M; Akaishi, T; Ishii, T; Kamei, T; Koseki, K; Nakano, T; Takayama, S, 2019) |
| "Achalasia is a disease characterized by inadequate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and impaired peristalsis, for which esophageal motor function testing is essential in making a definitive diagnosis." | ( Akimoto, S; Fukushima, N; Hoshino, M; Kashiwagi, H; Masuda, T; Omura, N; Sakashita, Y; Tsuboi, K; Yamamoto, SR; Yano, F, 2021) |
| "Achalasia is the most common underlying disorder." | ( Herbella, FAM; Nadaleto, BF; Patti, MG, 2022) |
| "Achalasia is a rare benign esophageal motor disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)." | ( Aissar Sallum, RA; Coutinho, LMA; de Almeida Delgado, AA; de Moura, DTH; de Moura, EGH; de Moura, ETH; Farias, GFA; Jukemura, J; Nasi, A; Ribeiro, IB; Sakai, P; Sánchez-Luna, SA, 2022) |
| "Megaesophagus is the most common focal form of MG." | ( Guzman, KMH; Harkin, K, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "The present-day treatment of achalasia is palliative and is aimed at reducing the lower esophageal sphincter pressure." | ( Janssens, J; Tack, J; Vantrappen, G, 1991) |
| "A 4 month old girl with oesophageal achalasia was successfully treated with a single pneumatic dilatation." | ( Mihailovic, T; Perisic, VN, 1990) |
| "If not promptly recognized, pseudoachalasia can result in inappropriate pneumatic dilatation of the lower esophageal sphincter segment and delay appropriate treatment of the underlying malignancy." | ( Dodds, WJ; Harig, JM; Helm, JF; Hogan, WJ; Kahrilas, PJ; Kishk, SM, 1987) |
| "A patient with vigorous achalasia demonstrated manometric response to administration of atropine sulfate and nitroglycerin." | ( Ona, FV; Polintan, LS, 1980) |
| "We prospectively treated 33 achalasia patients by repeated injection of ethanolamine oleate at the cardiac level." | ( Moretó, M; Ojembarrena, E; Rodríguez, ML, 1996) |
| "We reviewed our cases of new onsst achalasia in patients over age 65 to see if their presentation and response to treatment might differ from that reported in younger patients." | ( Griffin, JW; Schuman, BM; Simmons, DB, 1997) |
| "Eight untreated achalasia patients underwent pre- and postdilation esophageal fluid/food residue lactate and pH analysis, esophageal manometry, 24-hr pH monitoring, and symptom assessment." | ( Achkar, E; Burke, CA; Falk, GW, 1997) |
| "In eight patients with achalasia, oesophageal tone was again measured one month after either endoscopic or surgical treatment." | ( Armengol, JR; González, M; Malagelada, JR; Mearin, F; Vasconez, C, 1997) |
| "The current treatments for achalasia involve the reduction of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, resulting in improved esophageal emptying." | ( Vaezi, MF, 1999) |
| "Classification of achalasia by duration of symptoms may be important in treatment selection and effectiveness." | ( Awad, ZT; Filipi, CJ; Houghton, SG; Marsh, RE; Shiino, Y; Tomonaga, T, 1999) |
| "Success of achalasia therapy is difficult to determine because repeated physiologic study is impractical and symptoms are subjective." | ( Baker, ME; Blackstone, EH; Decamp, MM; Kostic, SV; Murthy, SC; Rice, TW; Richter, JE; Rybicki, LA, 2000) |
| "Determining success after achalasia therapy is an important aspect of treating this disease." | ( Vaezi, MF, 2001) |
| "Nine patients with achalasia were referred for surgical therapy." | ( Bealer, JF; Chang, JH; Partrick, DA; Rothenberg, SS, 2001) |
| "It may be used to treat early cases of achalasia without significant oesophageal dilatation and to manage patients exhibiting some but not all the characteristics of achalasia (e." | ( Bruley des Varannes, S; Scarpignato, C, 2001) |
| "The surgical treatment for stage III achalasia with markedly dilated and sigmoid-shaped esophagus is a matter of controversy." | ( Ablassmaier, B; Jacobi, CA; Müller, JM; Opitz, I; Stoesslein, R, 2002) |
| "The treatment of esophageal achalasia is still controversial: current therapies are palliative and aim to relieve dysphagia by disrupting or relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter muscle fibers with botulinum toxin." | ( Ancona, E; Annese, V; Costantini, M; Costantino, M; Epifani, M; Molena, D; Nicoletti, L; Rizzetto, C; Ruol, A; Vergadoro, V; Zaninotto, G, 2004) |
| "Although the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia are well defined, such is not the case with the other disorders." | ( Bagatelos, KC; Fisichella, PM; Galvani, C; Gorodner, MV; Ostroff, JW; Patti, MG; Tedesco, P; Way, LW, 2005) |
| "Most patients with untreated achalasia had dysphagia (94%)." | ( Fisichella, PM; Niponmick, I; Palazzo, F; Patti, MG; Raz, D, 2008) |
| "We enrolled 32 new patients with achalasia who received endoscope-guided PD treatment between January 1998 and June 2004." | ( Changchien, CS; Chen, TY; Chuah, SK; Hu, TH; Lee, CM; Wu, KL, 2009) |
| "Eighty-four achalasia-like dog models were randomly divided into seven groups of 12, a control group (CG; no stent insertion), a standard stent control group (NSCG, standard esophageal stent) and five treatment groups (TG, TRC-CS)." | ( Chen, NW; Cheng, YS; Li, F; Li, MH; Zhao, JG; Zhu, YQ, 2010) |
| "Patients diagnosed with achalasia (n = 120) were allocated for treatment with pneumatic dilation (n = 30; group A) or a temporary self-expanding metallic stent with a diameter of 20 mm (n = 30; group B), 25 mm (n = 30; group C), or 30 mm (n = 30; group D)." | ( Chen, NW; Chen, WX; Cheng, YS; Li, YD; Tang, GY; Zhao, JG, 2010) |
| "Idiopathic achalasia (IA) is a chronic disease without definite therapy." | ( Elahi, E; Mahmoudi, L; Malekzadeh, R; Mehrabi, N; Mikaeli, J; Niknam, R; Shirani, S, 2011) |
| "Of these, 194 patients having treated achalasia were excluded." | ( Alonso, N; Castellano, C; Garrigues, V; Ortiz, V; Poppele, G, 2014) |
| "The medical records of 50 achalasia patients treated between September 2011 and June 2014 were reviewed retrospectively." | ( Jeon, HH; Kim, JH; Park, H; Park, JJ; Park, YM; Youn, YH, 2015) |
| "Surgical correction of achalasia using laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication is argued to be the gold standard treatment for patients with achalasia." | ( Andolfi, C; Fisichella, PM, 2016) |
| "Since no cure for achalasia exists, early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is critical to prevent end-stage disease." | ( Uppal, DS; Wang, AY, 2016) |
| "Patients were separated into untreated achalasia (n=117), EGJOO (n=46), and non-achalasia (n=146) groups." | ( Blonski, W; Feldman, J; Kumar, A; Richter, JE, 2018) |
| "Early recognition of secondary achalasia is important as its treatment involves management of underlying malignancy, while treatment of primary achalasia mainly involves lowering the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure with pneumatic dilatation or Heller's myotomy." | ( Bhansali, S; Choudhary, NS; Nasa, M; Sud, R, 2018) |
| "As data on EP after PD for achalasia are not widely reported, we present the frequency, risk factors, and treatment-outcome of EP." | ( Ghoshal, UC; Karyampudi, A; Mohindra, S; Morakhia, N; Nayak, HK; Saraswat, VA; Verma, A, 2018) |
| "In a single-center cohort, achalasia patients undergoing therapy between September 2015-2016 who had TBS were included." | ( Leong, RW; Maynard, J; Plumb, A; Sanagapalli, S; Sweis, R, 2020) |
| "A 37-year-old man with achalasia treated surgically 11 years ago presented with sensation of a foreign body, irritation, and intermittent ocular redness for several years." | ( Botella García, J; de la Paz, MF; Lázaro-Rodríguez, V, 2022) |
| "Unselected treated patients with achalasia with both TBE (200 mL of low-density barium suspension) and RDC (200 mL of water in sitting position) were enrolled in 5 tertiary referral centers." | ( Arsiè, E; Consonni, D; de Bortoli, N; Greenan, G; Gyawali, CP; Maniero, D; Mauro, A; Penagini, R; Savarino, E; Tolone, S; Visaggi, P, 2023) |
| "The treatment of achalasia is not curative, but rather is aimed at reducing LES pressure." | ( Aissar Sallum, RA; Coutinho, LMA; de Almeida Delgado, AA; de Moura, DTH; de Moura, EGH; de Moura, ETH; Farias, GFA; Jukemura, J; Nasi, A; Ribeiro, IB; Sakai, P; Sánchez-Luna, SA, 2022) |
| "For patients with achalasia experiencing persistent or recurrent symptoms after laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), pneumatic dilation (PD) is the most frequently used treatment." | ( Bastiaansen, BAJ; Bisschops, R; Boeckxstaens, G; Bredenoord, AJ; Costamagna, JG; Familiari, P; Fockens, P; Lei, A; Saleh, CMG; Schijven, MP; Tack, J, 2023) |