piplartine profile

piplartine: Antineoplastic Agent, Phytogenic; alkaloid from Piper; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	637858
CHEMBL ID	465843
CHEBI ID	8241
CHEBI ID	92424
SCHEMBL ID	173092
SCHEMBL ID	2465593
MeSH ID	M0457216

Synonym
sgd66v4svj ,
2(1h)-pyridinone, 5,6-dihydro-1-(1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl)-, (e)-
unii-sgd66v4svj
LS-14579
smr001233252
MLS002153903
brd2293
BRD-K24132293-001-05-3
brd-2293
BRD-K24132293-001-16-0
PRESTWICK2_000604
PRESTWICK_399
PRESTWICK3_000604
ACON1_001541
BSPBIO_000508
BPBIO1_000560
1-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-acryloyl]-5,6-dihydro-1h-pyridin-2-one
20069-09-4
piperlongumine
piplartine
NCGC00096028-01
SPECTRUM1505135
NCGC00096028-02
NCGC00096028-03
CHEMBL465843
chebi:8241 ,
HMS1569J10
1-[(e)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2,3-dihydropyridin-6-one
NCGC00096028-04
HMS2096J10
ST079382
HMS2234K24
BRD-K24132293-001-09-5
5,6-dihydro-1-[(2e)-1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]-2(1h)-pyridinone
S7551
piperlongumine [mi]
piperlongumine [inci]
2(1h)-pyridinone, 5,6-dihydro-1-(1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2- propenyl)-, (e)-
CCG-214375
SCHEMBL173092
SCHEMBL2465593
AKOS024284776
(e)-1-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1h)-one
A1-00162
1-[(2e)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]-5,6-dihydro-2(1h)-pyridinone #
prop-2-en-1-one, 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydropyridin-6(1h)-one-1-yl)-
AC-32683
1-[(2e)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-one
sr-01000841248
SR-01000841248-2
CHEBI:92424
AS-74140
piperlongumine, >=97% (hplc)
J-012992
5,6-dihydro-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl)-2(1h)-pyridinone
n-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl)-d3-piperidin-2-one
5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl]-2(1h)-pyridinone, 9ci
CS-0021113
HY-N2329
2(1h)-pyridinone, 5,6-dihydro-1-[(2e)-1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]-
pplgm
(e)-1-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl]-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1h)-one
P2361
5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-trans-2-propenyl]-2(1h)-pyridinone
BCP13030
piplartine;pplgm
piperlongumine; piplartine
EX-A2925
Q7197361
A14124
NCGC00096028-14
nsc794671
nsc-794671
ferrousfluoborate
5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-allyl]-2(1h)-pyridinone
A920539
bdbm50462013
1-[(2e)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1h)-one
BP-25401
DTXSID801029762
1-[(2e)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]-5,6-dihydro-2(1h)-pyridinone
EN300-7424497

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Piplartine is an alkamide found in certain species of the genus"	( Molecular Modeling and In Vitro Evaluation of Piplartine Analogs against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. da Fonseca, ACC; de Sousa, DP; Machado, TQ; Perez-Castillo, Y; Robbs, BK; Silva, RHN; Tejera, E, 2023)	1.89
"Piplartine (PL) is a biologically active alkaloid from long peppers that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity."	( Biological and physical approaches on the role of piplartine (piperlongumine) in cancer. Barbosa-Filho, JM; Bezerra, DP; Contessoto, NSA; Cornélio, ML; da Silveira, NJF; Girol, AP; Henrique, T; Oliani, SM; Silveira, ER; Stefanini, ACB; Tajara, EH; Zanon, CF, 2020)	1.53
"Piplartine (PL) is an alkaloid found in black-pepper and known for its anticancer activity, however, due to poor solubility and lack of proper formulation, its use for oral administration is a challenge. "	( Nanoemulsion formulations for anti-cancer agent piplartine--Characterization, toxicological, pharmacokinetics and efficacy studies. Fofaria, NM; Liu, X; Qhattal, HS; Srivastava, SK, 2016)	2.13
"Piplartine showed to be a more reactive substrate towards the catalysts tested."	( Biomimetic oxidation of piperine and piplartine catalyzed by iron(III) and manganese(III) porphyrins. Crotti, AE; Iamamoto, Y; Kato, MJ; Lopes, NP; Lotufo, LV; Schaab, EH, 2010)	1.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Piplartine treatment induced DNA strand breaks in V79 cells, as detected by neutral and alkaline comet assay."	( Evaluation of the genotoxicity of piplartine, an alkamide of Piper tuberculatum, in yeast and mammalian V79 cells. Bezerra, DP; Costa-Lotufo, LV; de Moraes, MO; de Vasconcellos, MC; e Silva, AC; Henriques, JA; Lima, MA; Moura, DJ; Rosa, RM; Saffi, J; Silveira, ER, 2008)	1.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Piperlonguminine was the more effective amide, showing toxic activity with LD50 of approximately 12 microg/ml against the larvae of Ae."	( Cytotoxicity of piperamides towards Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Ferreira, B; Guimarães, A; Kato, M; Maleck, M; Mallet, J, 2014)	0.4
" Further, piperlongumine did not produce any toxic effects to rats in systemic toxicity studies."	( Altered hallmarks of DNA double-strand breaks, oxidative DNA damage and cytogenotoxicity by piperlongumine in hippocampus and hepatocytes of rats intoxicated with cyclophosphamide. Krishnan, A; Vohora, D; Yadav, V, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Only one kind of synthesized alkaloid, piperlonguminine, was used to understand the interference of the other alkaloids in pharmacokinetic study using HPLC/UV in rat plasma after oral administration."	( LC analysis and pharmacokinetic study of synthetic piperlonguminine in rat plasma after oral administration. Baigude, H; Borjihan, G; Sarnaizul, E, 2013)	0.39

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These effects were also observed in vivo, where the combination with piplartine but not piperine with 5-FU led to a higher tumor growth inhibition."	( In vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of 5-FU combined with piplartine and piperine. Alves, AP; Bezerra, DP; Costa-Lotufo, LV; de Alencar, NM; de Castro, FO; de Moraes, MO; Elmiro, FJ; Lima, MA; Lima, MW; Mesquita, RO; Pessoa, C; Silveira, ER, 2008)	0.82
"PL combined with VC exhibited a stronger anticancer effect by regulating the ROS-STAT3 pathway, suggesting that this combination might be a potential adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer."	( Piperlongumine combined with vitamin C as a new adjuvant therapy against gastric cancer regulates the ROS-STAT3 pathway. Bai, F; Chen, D; Guo, Y; Jha, RK; Jiang, Y; Liu, X; Song, Y; Wei, X; Yang, K, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This compound is selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells by induction of oxidative stress, induces genotoxicity, as an alternative strategy to killing tumor cells, has excellent oral bioavailability in mice, inhibits tumor growth in mice, and presents only weak systemic toxicity."	( Overview of the therapeutic potential of piplartine (piperlongumine). Bezerra, DP; Costa-Lotufo, LV; de Moraes, MO; Pessoa, C; Saker-Neto, N; Silveira, ER, 2013)	0.66
"Very low oral bioavailability due to extensive pre-systemic metabolism and P-gp efflux has constrained the oral metronomic chemotherapy of docetaxel (DTX)."	( Piperlongumine for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability and Cytotoxicity of Docetaxel in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Boakye, CHA; Chowdhury, N; Doddapaneni, R; Godugu, C; Patel, K; Singh, M, 2015)	0.42
"5-fold increase in oral bioavailability as compared to free PL."	( Nanoemulsion formulations for anti-cancer agent piplartine--Characterization, toxicological, pharmacokinetics and efficacy studies. Fofaria, NM; Liu, X; Qhattal, HS; Srivastava, SK, 2016)	0.69
" Compounds 5a27 and 5a28 showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activities and had higher structural stability and orally bioavailability than curcumin in vitro."	( Design and synthesis novel di-carbonyl analogs of curcumin (DACs) act as potent anti-inflammatory agents against LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Chen, X; Fang, B; Liang, G; Liu, Z; Qian, J; Shu, S; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y, 2019)	0.51
" Nanoformulation of piperlongumine has been associated with increased aqueous solubility and bioavailability and lower toxicity, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy in both preclinical and clinical settings."	( Piperlongumine, a potent anticancer phytotherapeutic: Perspectives on contemporary status and future possibilities as an anticancer agent. Biswal, BK; Tripathi, SK, 2020)	0.56
"From hundreds of LWDH ingredients, 64 active components with oral bioavailability ≥30% and drug-likeness index ≥0."	( Piperlonguminine attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting TRPC6. Cao, W; Dong, D; Duan, Q; Fan, X; Gao, Y; Li, XQ; Luo, DQ; Nong, Q; Qiao, R; Tang, N; Wu, K; Xiao, Q; Zhou, L, 2023)	0.91
" However, nano-formulation is a good choice to increase the bioavailability and enhance cellular uptake of PL."	( Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Piperlongumine for cancer treatment using nano-liposomes mediated delivery. Banerjee, M; Kumar, S; Pal, S; Parveen, S; Rajawat, J; Yadav, NP, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" No evident dose-response relationship between cellular ROS level and cytotoxicity was observed."	( No evident dose-response relationship between cellular ROS level and its cytotoxicity--a paradoxical issue in ROS-based cancer therapy. Hu, W; Hu, X; Wu, H; Zhu, C, 2014)	0.4

Class	Description
cinnamamides	An enamide which is cinnamamide or a derivative of cinnamamide obtained by replacement of one or more of its hydrogens.
dicarboximide	An imide in which the two acyl substituents on nitrogen are carboacyl groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli K-12	Potency	3.9811	0.0447	17.8581	100.0000	AID485294
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Nrf2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.5119	0.0920	8.2222	23.1093	AID624171
glp-1 receptor, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	0.0184	6.8060	14.1254	AID624417
ATAD5 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.0794	0.0041	10.8903	31.5287	AID504466; AID504467
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.6494	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.4563	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1460; AID1468
Smad3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.0052	7.8098	29.0929	AID588855
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
67.9K protein	Vaccinia virus	Potency	28.1838	0.0001	8.4406	100.0000	AID720580
IDH1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.8048	0.0052	10.8652	35.4813	AID686970
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3096	0.0126	2.4518	25.0177	AID485313
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1406	0.3162	12.4435	31.6228	AID902; AID924
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.0929	0.0041	9.9848	25.9290	AID504444
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	3.5481	19.5427	44.6684	AID743266
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID995
ras-related protein Rab-9A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3096	0.0002	2.6215	31.4954	AID485297
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0501	27.0736	89.1251	AID588590
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	1.0000	0.1585	5.2879	12.5893	AID540303
plasminogen precursor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	1.0000	0.1585	5.2879	12.5893	AID540303
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	1.0000	0.1585	5.2879	12.5893	AID540303
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	5.7457	0.0079	8.2332	1,122.0200	AID2546; AID2551
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.2191	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.1259	12.2344	35.4813	AID1458
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0501	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	0.0580	10.6949	26.6086	AID602310
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.1623	0.3162	11.4157	31.6228	AID924
Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.1623	0.3162	11.4157	31.6228	AID924
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.3872	1.7783	16.2081	35.4813	AID652104
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0501	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	7.0000	0.0230	4.1378	9.9800	AID1392927
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	23.8400	0.0432	2.2655	5.0000	AID1564516; AID1677566
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
PAX8	Homo sapiens (human)	AC50	31.6100	0.0488	5.4354	69.1700	AID687027; AID687029
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor	Homo sapiens (human)	AC50	7.4030	0.0150	10.9049	46.0480	AID493073; AID493102; AID493177
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate junction assembly	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storage	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid transport	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
tube development	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic cell clearance	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorption	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorption	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
mesodermal cell differentiation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative chemotaxis	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin uptake	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in wound healing	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of trophoblast cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of extracellular matrix organization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte migration	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesion	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathway	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesion	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
eye photoreceptor cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagy	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
sexual reproduction	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
leptin-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
somatic stem cell population maintenance	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-11-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of multicellular organism growth	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to leptin stimulus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to leptin	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic process	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
radial glial cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal rod cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of feeding behavior	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 type immune response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
energy homeostasis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-17	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of primary miRNA processing	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron migration	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to peptide hormone	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processing	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA splicing	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stability	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation by host of viral transcription	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane organization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mesoderm formation	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
fibroblast growth factor binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
C-X3-C chemokine binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor I binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuregulin binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein disulfide isomerase activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activity	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling adaptor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dimerization activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
primary miRNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
lncRNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA sequestering activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
pre-mRNA intronic binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activity	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
NADPH peroxidase activity	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
FAD binding	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
glutamatergic synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta3 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
glycinergic synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membrane	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complex	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
perichromatin fibrils	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
interchromatin granule	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (302)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1741898	Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted in BALB/c nude mouse assessed as reduction in tumor weight at 10 mg/kg, ip measured at 2 days interval for 21 days relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1430073	Lipophilicity, log D of compound at pH 7.4	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1564517	Inhibition of rat TrxR1 using DTNB as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 20 mins by Ellman's method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Novel electrophilic amides amenable by the Ugi reaction perturb thioredoxin system via thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibition: Identification of DVD-445 as a new lead compound for anticancer therapy.
AID1741863	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1392921	Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 48 hrs by WST-1 assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1433268	Antiproliferative activity against Ara-C resistant human HL60 cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1455312	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells at 2 to 50 nM after 24 to 48 hrs in presence of TGF-beta1 by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1392923	Growth inhibition of human LNCAP cells after 48 hrs by WST-1 assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1741864	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1433254	Antiproliferative activity against p53 null human U937 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1392946	Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residues in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of phosphorylated STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 3 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1474919	Antiproliferative activity against human U2OS cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1173277	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell proliferation at 10 uM	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 24, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperlongumine derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1206053	Induction of ROS production in human A549 cells after 3 hrs by APF staining-based fluorescence assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1158951	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents.
AID1677560	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1396583	Toxicity in po dosed mouse	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Senolytic activity of piperlongumine analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1474915	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1459286	Induction of bovine tubulin depolymerization at 25 uM measured every 30 secs for 60 mins by spectrophotometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1392947	Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residues in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of phosphorylated STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 7 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1455335	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT8 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1455310	Antimigratory activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced cell migration at 50 nM after 48 hrs by trans-well assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1564518	Inhibition of TrxR1 (unknown origin) using DTNB as substrate preincubated for 30 mins in presence of insulin followed by substrate addition by colorimetry	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Novel electrophilic amides amenable by the Ugi reaction perturb thioredoxin system via thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibition: Identification of DVD-445 as a new lead compound for anticancer therapy.
AID1564522	Cytotoxicity against human PBMC assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Novel electrophilic amides amenable by the Ugi reaction perturb thioredoxin system via thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibition: Identification of DVD-445 as a new lead compound for anticancer therapy.
AID1433260	Antiproliferative activity against Ara-C resistant human CMK cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1206058	Reduction in reduced GSH level in human A549 cells at 10 uM after 4 hrs by luminescence assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1377676	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT8 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1426165	Inhibition of equine liver GST assessed as decrease in conjugation of CDNB to GSH at 100 uM preincubated with GSH for 30 mins followed by CDNB addition measured for 3 mins relative to control	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Developing piperlongumine-directed glutathione S-transferase inhibitors by an electrophilicity-based strategy.
AID1455323	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1168752	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human HaCaT cells to IC50 for human PANC1 cells	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 87	A new goniothalamin N-acylated aza-derivative strongly downregulates mediators of signaling transduction associated with pancreatic cancer aggressiveness.
AID1741881	Induction of autophagy in human MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with mRFP-eGFP-LC3 assessed as accumulation of autophagosomes by measuring increase in red fluorescence at 1.8 uM measured after 24 hrs by confocal laser scanning microscopy	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1392949	Effect on total STAT3 protein level in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 3 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1229943	Cytotoxicity against rat PC12 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 20 uM to 100 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13	Synthesis of piperlongumine analogues and discovery of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID1433250	Antiproliferative activity against human OCI-AML3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433233	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as PARP-1 cleavage at 2 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by Western blot analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1677584	Inhibition of mTOR phosphorylation in human BEL-7402/5-FU cells at 2 uM incubated for 72 hrs by Western blot analysis
AID1677557	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1206041	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1433306	Effect on SAHA-induced apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as decrease in XIAP expression level by measuring ratio of XIAP to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1206045	Antiproliferative activity against human HaCaT cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1455321	Antiproliferative activity against human U87MG cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1459266	Induction of apoptosis in human MCF7 cells assessed as downregulation of Bcl2 expression at 10 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1474938	Induction of apoptosis in human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1433256	Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM13 cells harboring wild type p53/FLT3-ITD mutant after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1392948	Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residues in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of phosphorylated STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 10 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1551745	Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1455345	Induction of ROS accumulation in human HCT116 cells at 10 uM after 3 hrs by DCFH-DA staining-based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1455316	Antitumor activity against human HCT116 cells xenografted in BALB/c nude mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 5 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 21 consecutive days relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433247	Induction of apoptosis in human MOLM13 cells harboring wild type p53/FLT3-ITD mutant at 1 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1455339	Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, iv after 4 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433234	Induction of cell death in p53 null human U937 cells at 1 to 4 uM after 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1173275	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at 10 uM	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 24, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperlongumine derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1433236	Induction of cell death in human MOLM13 cells harboring wild type p53/FLT3-ITD mutant assessed as combination index at 1 to 4 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1392950	Effect on total STAT3 protein level in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 7 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1433296	Induction of DNA damage in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as increase in gammaH2AX expression level by measuring ratio of gammaH2AX to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1392925	Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residues in human DU145 cells by Western blot analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1474920	Antiproliferative activity against human Saos2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1392931	Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residues in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of phosphorylated STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 5 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1455367	Inhibition of IL-1beta-mediated adhesion of human rhodamine 123-labeled HCT116 cells to HUVEC at 50 nM after 1 hr by fluoresence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433232	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as caspase 3 cleavage at 2 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by Western blot analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433244	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells at 1 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433305	Effect on SAHA-induced apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as increase in Bim EL expression level by measuring ratio of Bim EL to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433301	Induction of DNA damage in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as decrease in CHK1 expression level by measuring ratio of CHK1 to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1677566	Inhibition of TrxR in human BEL-7402/5-FU cells by colorimetric assay
AID1455377	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced increase in expression levels of vimentin protein in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1455328	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs in presence of ligustrazine by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1276122	Cytotoxicity against human SF188 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1551762	Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation at 150 uM preincubated for 3 mins followed by collagen addition measured after 10 mins relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1276118	Cytotoxicity against human T98G cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1455346	Induction of ROS accumulation in human CCD-841 cells at 10 uM after 3 hrs by DCFH-DA staining-based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1426174	Electrophilicity of the compound assessed as second-oder rate constant for reaction with cysteamine under pseudo-first-oder condition at 40 uM by spectrophotometric method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Developing piperlongumine-directed glutathione S-transferase inhibitors by an electrophilicity-based strategy.
AID1433269	Antiproliferative activity against Ara-C resistant human CMK cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433270	Inhibition of HDAC in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as hyper acetylation of histone H4 at 1 uM after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459275	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G0/G1 phase accumulation at 20 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1551764	Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation at 150 uM preincubated for 3 mins followed by PAF addition measured after 10 mins relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1551755	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for BHK21 cells to IC50 for Candida albicans ATCC 10231	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1433287	Cytotoxicity against p53 null human U937 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 0.5 to 5 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1158950	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents.
AID1174985	Cytotoxicity against human MA9.3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24	Design of a hydrogen peroxide-activatable agent that specifically targets cancer cells.
AID1433266	Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM13 cells harboring wild type p53/FLT3-ITD mutant after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459305	Effect on tubulin polymerization in human MCF7 cells at 1	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1433297	Effect on SAHA-induced DNA damage in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as increase in gammaH2AX expression level by measuring ratio of gammaH2AX to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1677583	Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation in human BEL-7402/5-FU cells at 2 uM incubated for 72 hrs by Western blot analysis
AID1433304	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as decrease in XIAP expression level by measuring ratio of XIAP to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1168750	Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT reduction assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 87	A new goniothalamin N-acylated aza-derivative strongly downregulates mediators of signaling transduction associated with pancreatic cancer aggressiveness.
AID1433255	Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1474931	Induction of apoptosis in human Saos2 cells at 5 uM after 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID336829	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 6 days by MTT assay
AID1551742	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 24 hrs by CLSI broth microdilution method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1433299	Upregulation of Rad51 protein expression in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as ratio of CHK1 to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1276119	Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1677572	Induction of autophagy in human BEL-7402/5-FU cells expressing mRFP-eGFP-LC3 assessed as autophagosomes at 2 uM after 24 hrs by confocal laser scanning microscopic method
AID1677561	Cytotoxicity against human HGC-27 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1392935	Effect on total STAT3 protein level in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 5 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1455379	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced increase in expression levels of snail protein in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433261	Antiproliferative activity against human OCI-AML3 cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433262	Antiproliferative activity against human CMS cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1916768	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Dual-target inhibitors of indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (Ido1): A promising direction in cancer immunotherapy.
AID1741868	Inhibition of TrxR in human MDA-MB-231 cells measured after 72 hrs by colorimetric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1459280	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 5 uM after 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1459273	Induction of reactive oxygen species generation in human MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 1 to 20 uM in presence of N-acetyl cysteine after 48 hrs by alamarBlue assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1474941	Cell cycle arrest in human HCT116 cells decrease in population at G0/G1 phase at 1 to 5 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1741866	Antiproliferative activity against human KB-VIN cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1206044	Antiproliferative activity against HFF1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1455324	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1392934	Effect on total STAT3 protein level in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 1 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1741862	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1459299	Induction of reactive oxygen species generation in human MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 1 to 20 uM in presence of trolox after 48 hrs by alamarBlue assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1455349	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells at 8 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1459296	Binding affinity to colchicine-binding site of beta tubulin in human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of formation of protein-N,N'-Ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) adduct at 40 uM after 2 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1377679	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1741865	Antiproliferative activity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1455380	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced increase in expression levels of twist protein in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433263	Antiproliferative activity against human CMK cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1455338	Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, iv after 4 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433257	Antiproliferative activity against human CMY cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1229947	Cytotoxicity against rat PC12 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 20 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13	Synthesis of piperlongumine analogues and discovery of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID1393006	Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 24 to 48 hrs by WST-1 assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1433272	Effect on SAHA-induced HDAC inhibition in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as hyper acetylation of histone H4 at 1 uM after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459291	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1474933	Cell cycle arrest in human HCT116 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase 1 to 5 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1158948	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents.
AID1276115	Cytotoxicity against human SKBR3 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1455341	Volume of distribution at steady state in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, iv after 4 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1392922	Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by WST-1 assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1459304	Induction of tubulin depolymerization in human Jurkat cells at 5 to 20 uM after 4 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1741871	Induction of reactive oxygen species generation in human MDA-MB-231 cells measured after 24 hrs by DCFH-DA probe based flow cytometry	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1396584	Senolytic activity against non-senescent human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Senolytic activity of piperlongumine analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1474930	Induction of apoptosis in human Saos2 cells at 1 uM after 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1551760	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for BHK21 cells to IC50 for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1433285	Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 0.5 to 5 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1474935	Cell cycle arrest in human Saos2 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase at 1 to 5 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1474934	Cell cycle arrest in human Saos2 cells assessed as accumulation at G2/M phase at 1 to 5 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1396586	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for non-senescent human WI38 cells to EC50 for ionizing radiation induced human WI38 senescent cells	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Senolytic activity of piperlongumine analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1564521	Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Novel electrophilic amides amenable by the Ugi reaction perturb thioredoxin system via thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibition: Identification of DVD-445 as a new lead compound for anticancer therapy.
AID1551758	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for BHK21 cells to IC50 for Candida glabrata ATCC 90030	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1433267	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459285	Induction of apoptosis in human MCF7 cells assessed as downregulation of Mcl-1 expression at 10 uM after 72 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1455320	Solubility of compound in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 after 8 hrs by HPLC analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1677574	Induction of autophagy in human BEL-7402/5-FU cells expressing mRFP-eGFP-LC3 assessed as auto lysosomes at 2 uM after 24 hrs by confocal laser scanning microscopic method
AID1392930	Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residues in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of phosphorylated STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 1 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1741886	Induction of autophagy in human MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with mRFP-eGFP-LC3 assessed as increase in LC3-II expression at 1.8 uM measured after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1459272	Cytotoxicity in human MCF10A cells at 10 uM after 24 to 48 hrs by alamarBlue assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1433271	Inhibition of HDAC6 in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as hyper acetylation of alpha tubulin at 1 uM after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433259	Antiproliferative activity against Ara-C resistant human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1741874	Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 1.8 uM measured after 72 hrs by APC-Annexin V/7-AAD staining based flow cytometry relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1455336	Antiproliferative activity against human CCD-841 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1158949	Cytotoxicity against human ZR75-30 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents.
AID1433295	Induction of DNA damage in p53 null human U937 cells at 2 uM after 20 hrs in presence of SAHA by SYBR gold staining based alkaline comet assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459294	Binding affinity to colchicine-binding site of beta tubulin in human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of formation of protein-N,N'-Ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) adduct at 40 uM after 2 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1206040	Antiproliferative activity against human A375 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1168751	Cytotoxicity against human HaCaT cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT reduction assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 87	A new goniothalamin N-acylated aza-derivative strongly downregulates mediators of signaling transduction associated with pancreatic cancer aggressiveness.
AID1459274	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G0/G1 phase accumulation at 20 uM after 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1433258	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1551748	Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation at 300 uM preincubated for 3 mins followed by collagen addition measured after 10 mins relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1551759	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for BHK21 cells to IC50 for Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1430070	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1433294	Induction of DNA damage in p53 null human U937 cells at 2 uM after 20 hrs by SYBR gold staining based alkaline comet assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433292	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells at 2 uM preincubated with NAC for 3 hrs followed by compound addition measured after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1377681	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1377683	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1173278	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 24, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperlongumine derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1430075	Permeability of the compound at pH 7.4	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1433249	Induction of apoptosis in human MOLM13 cells harboring wild type p53/FLT3-ITD mutant at 4 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1396588	Induction of ROS production in ionizing radiation induced human WI38 senescent cells up to 64 uM after 1.5 hrs by DHR123 dye based flow cytometry	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Senolytic activity of piperlongumine analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1455376	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced decrease in expression levels of E-cadherin protein in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1173274	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at 1 uM	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 24, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperlongumine derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1433303	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as increase in Bim EL expression level by measuring ratio of Bim EL to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433291	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells at 2 uM preincubated with NAC for 3 hrs followed by compound addition measured after 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459278	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 10 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1433248	Induction of apoptosis in human MOLM13 cells harboring wild type p53/FLT3-ITD mutant at 2 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459307	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1276116	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1677559	Cytotoxicity against human BEL-7402/5-FU cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1433273	Effect on SAHA-induced HDAC6 inhibition in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as hyper acetylation of alpha tubulin at 1 uM after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1158953	Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents.
AID1551749	Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation at 300 uM preincubated for 3 mins followed by arachidonic acid addition measured after 10 mins relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1206052	Induction of ROS production in human A549 cells after 3 hrs by DHE staining-based fluorescence assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1377684	Cytotoxicity against human CCD-841 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1741861	Inhibition of purified rat liver TrxR measured after 75 mins in presence of NADPH by DTNB based assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1433245	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells at 2 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1728183	Cytotoxicity against rat PC12 cells at 50 uM by MTT assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210	Identification and optimization of piperlongumine analogues as potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents via activation of Nrf2.
AID1459292	Induction of microtubule depolymerization in human MCF7 cells at 10 uM after 16 hrs by immunofluorescence analysis	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1474940	Cell cycle arrest in human HCT116 cells assessed as accumulation at G0/G1 phase at 1 to 5 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1433252	Antiproliferative activity against human CMK cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1377677	Aqueous solubility of the compound in pure water by HPLC analysis	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1459268	Antiproliferative activity in human Jurkat cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by alamarBlue assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1433284	Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 0.5 to 5 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1455388	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-regulated increase in nuclear beta-catenin in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1206046	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF10A cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1741882	Induction of autophagy in human MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with mRFP-eGFP-LC3 assessed as accumulation of autolysosome by measuring increase in red fluorescence at 1.8 uM measured after 24 hrs by confocal laser scanning microscopy	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1433251	Antiproliferative activity against human CMS cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1229945	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 20 uM to 100 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13	Synthesis of piperlongumine analogues and discovery of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID1455333	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1474939	Induction of apoptosis in human Saos2 cells after 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1459821	Inhibition of NF-kappaB in human A549 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Synthesis of coumaperine derivatives: Their NF-κB inhibitory effect, inhibition of cell migration and their cytotoxic activity.
AID1377687	Antitumor activity against human HCT116 cells xenografted in BALB/c nude mouse assessed as reduction in tumor weight at 5 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 21 days	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1433264	Antiproliferative activity against p53 null human U937 cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1741878	Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as activation of caspase-3 cleavage at 1.8 uM measured after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1459283	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as sub G0/G1 phase accumulation at 10 uM after 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1392927	Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residues in human DU145 cells after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1455384	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced GSK-3beta phosphorylation in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1564516	Inhibition of TrxR in human SH-SY5Y cells using DTNB as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 20 mins by Ellman's method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Novel electrophilic amides amenable by the Ugi reaction perturb thioredoxin system via thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibition: Identification of DVD-445 as a new lead compound for anticancer therapy.
AID1677558	Cytotoxicity against human Bel-7402 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1377680	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1455327	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs in presence of ligustrazine by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1459281	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 10 uM after 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1433302	Effect on SAHA-induced DNA damage in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as decrease in CHK1 expression level by measuring ratio of CHK1 to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1433265	Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells after 72 hrs in presence of SAHA by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1206043	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1459284	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as sub G0/G1 phase accumulation at 20 uM after 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1430068	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1433235	Induction of cell death in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as combination index at 2 to 4 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1206042	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1396587	Induction of OXR1 degradation in ionizing radiation induced human WI38 senescent cells at 5 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Senolytic activity of piperlongumine analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1276117	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1430069	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1455340	Clearance in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, iv after 4 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433246	Induction of apoptosis in p53 null human U937 cells at 4 uM after 24 hrs in presence of SAHA by annexin V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1459290	Disruption of microtubule network in human MCF7 cells at 20 uM after 16 hrs by immunofluorescence analysis	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1158947	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents.
AID1589252	Inhibition of MAPK/NFkappaB in ICR mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced IL6 production at 10 uM pretreated for 0.5 hrs followed by LPS challenge and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167	Design and synthesis novel di-carbonyl analogs of curcumin (DACs) act as potent anti-inflammatory agents against LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI).
AID1564523	Cytotoxicity against human HaCaT assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Novel electrophilic amides amenable by the Ugi reaction perturb thioredoxin system via thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibition: Identification of DVD-445 as a new lead compound for anticancer therapy.
AID1459279	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 15 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1430067	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1459306	Effect on tubulin polymerization in human Jurkat cells at 1	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID336831	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 3 days by MTT assay
AID1474923	Induction of reactive oxygen species generation in human Saos2 cells at 10 uM after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye-based fluorescence microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1551741	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 after 24 hrs by CLSI broth microdilution method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1459282	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 15 uM after 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1174984	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human primary CD34+ blood stem cells to IC50 for human MA9.3 cells	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24	Design of a hydrogen peroxide-activatable agent that specifically targets cancer cells.
AID1474916	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1455325	Antiproliferative activity against human U87MG cells after 72 hrs in presence of ligustrazine by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1551751	Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation at 300 uM preincubated for 3 mins followed by thrombin addition measured after 10 mins relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1741870	Down regulation of TrxR1 expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 1.8 uM measured after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
AID1433300	Effect on SAHA-induced DNA damage in p53 null human U937 cells assessed as decrease in Rad51 expression level by measuring ratio of Rad51 to beta-actin level at 2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1474917	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1564520	Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Novel electrophilic amides amenable by the Ugi reaction perturb thioredoxin system via thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibition: Identification of DVD-445 as a new lead compound for anticancer therapy.
AID1551743	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 hrs by CLSI broth microdilution method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1551739	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 after 24 hrs by CLSI broth microdilution method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1916767	Cytotoxicity against human colon epithelial cells incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Dual-target inhibitors of indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (Ido1): A promising direction in cancer immunotherapy.
AID1455387	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-regulated decrease in cytoplasmic beta-catenin in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1455350	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells at 8 uM pretreated with GSH for 1 hr measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1433253	Antiproliferative activity against human CMY cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Synthesis and Antileukemic Activities of Piperlongumine and HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
AID1474922	Induction of reactive oxygen species generation in human HCT116 cells at 10 uM after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye-based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1276120	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1474921	Cytotoxicity against human W138 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1455322	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1459303	Induction of tubulin depolymerization in human MCF7 cells at 5 to 20 uM after 4 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1459276	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G0/G1 phase accumulation at 10 uM after 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1426172	Inhibition of GST in human A549 cells at 5 uM after 1.5 hrs by DNs-CV probe based fluorescence microscopic method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Developing piperlongumine-directed glutathione S-transferase inhibitors by an electrophilicity-based strategy.
AID1459277	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 5 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1551757	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for BHK21 cells to IC50 for Candida krusei ATCC 6258	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1426166	Inhibition of equine liver GST assessed as decrease in conjugation of CDNB to GSH preincubated with GSH for 30 mins followed by CDNB addition measured for 3 mins	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Developing piperlongumine-directed glutathione S-transferase inhibitors by an electrophilicity-based strategy.
AID1276121	Cytotoxicity against human GBM10 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by resazurin reduction assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107	Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties.
AID1459265	Cell cycle arrest in human MCF7 cells assessed as G0/G1 phase accumulation at 10 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1430074	Intrinsic solubility of the compound	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1551750	Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation at 300 uM preincubated for 3 mins followed by PAF addition measured after 10 mins relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1551744	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 after 24 hrs by CLSI broth microdilution method	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1158952	Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents.
AID1377682	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents.
AID1455334	Antiproliferative activity against human SW620 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1455319	Aqueous solubility of compound by HPLC analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1455369	Toxicity in BALB/c nude mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells assessed as loss of body weight at 4 mg/kg, ip administered thrice a week for 6 consecutive weeks	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1393007	Growth inhibition of human LNCAP cells after 24 to 48 hrs by WST-1 assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID336832	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
AID1206057	Reduction in total GSH level in human A549 cells at 10 uM after 4 hrs by luminescence assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 58, Issue:9	Identification of Novel ROS Inducers: Quinone Derivatives Tethered to Long Hydrocarbon Chains.
AID1455337	AUC (0 to infinity) in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, iv after 4 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1589250	Inhibition of MAPK/NFkappaB in ICR mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced TNFalpha production at 10 uM pretreated for 0.5 hrs followed by LPS challenge and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167	Design and synthesis novel di-carbonyl analogs of curcumin (DACs) act as potent anti-inflammatory agents against LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI).
AID1392951	Effect on total STAT3 protein level in human DU145 cells assessed as ratio of STAT3 protein level to GAPDH protein level at 10 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 1 No_unit)	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Piperlongumine derivative, CG-06, inhibits STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3 and regulating the reactive oxygen species in DU145 prostate carcinoma cells.
AID1551763	Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation at 150 uM preincubated for 3 mins followed by arachidonic acid addition measured after 10 mins relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives.
AID1455396	Toxicity in BALB/c nude mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells assessed as mortality at 4 mg/kg, ip administered thrice a week for 6 consecutive weeks	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1474918	Antiproliferative activity against human SKHEP1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Novel non-trimethoxylphenyl piperlongumine derivatives selectively kill cancer cells.
AID1455383	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced AKT phosphorylation in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1396585	Senolytic activity against ionizing radiation induced human WI38 senescent cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Senolytic activity of piperlongumine analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1459267	Antiproliferative activity in human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by alamarBlue assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents.
AID1173276	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell proliferation at 1 uM	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 24, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperlongumine derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1455326	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs in presence of ligustrazine by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1455365	Antiinvasive activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced cell invasion at 50 nM after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID336830	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 6 days by MTT assay
AID1677582	Activation of p38 phosphorylation in human BEL-7402/5-FU cells at 2 uM incubated for 72 hrs by Western blot analysis
AID1455378	Inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced increase in expression levels of MMP-9 protein in human HCT116 cells at 50 nM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-08, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1430076	Antitumor activity in human A549 cells xenografted in athymic nude mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 5 mg/kg, ip administered every other day for 21 days	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Identification of novel ROS inducer by merging the fragments of piperlongumine and dicoumarol.
AID1589254	Cytotoxicity against ICR mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as effect on cell proliferation at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167	Design and synthesis novel di-carbonyl analogs of curcumin (DACs) act as potent anti-inflammatory agents against LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI).
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	23 (7.88)	29.6817
2010's	187 (64.04)	24.3611
2020's	82 (28.08)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (0.67%)	5.53%
Reviews	12 (4.03%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	284 (95.30%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.6	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.21	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
taurine [no description available]	3.19	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.04	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	3.97	3	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
benzethonium Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.13	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.1	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.17	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.1	1	0
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.03	1	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
nocodazole [no description available]	2.54	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.17	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	7.51	2	0	isoquinolines
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.15	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.03	1	0
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.25	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.58	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.17	1	0
temozolomide [no description available]	2.41	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	2.07	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.03	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.48	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.15	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.08	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.13	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.17	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.17	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.17	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.44	2	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	diarylmethane
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.49	2	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.53	2	0
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	3.31	1	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.83	10	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	6.81	43	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.59	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2.69	2	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
selenocystine selenocystine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.17	1	0	diselenide; selenoamino acid
phenethyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.	3.9	2	1	isothiocyanate	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
ochratoxin b ochratoxin B: structure given in first source. ochratoxin B : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion. It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations.	2.03	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.08	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	7.05	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.41	1	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.6	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.41	1	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.1	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
taurolidine [no description available]	3.19	1	0	thiadiazinane
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	2.31	1	0
alkenes [no description available]	2.46	2	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.24	5	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.08	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.05	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.25	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.59	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	2.21	1	0	hydrochloride
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.31	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.03	1	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
iodosobenzene iodosobenzene: oxygen donor	2.05	1	0
parthenolide [no description available]	3.88	2	1	germacranolide
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.1	1	0
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.6	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.54	2	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.05	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.63	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
sorafenib [no description available]	2.41	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bortezomib [no description available]	2.63	2	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
indoximod [no description available]	3.51	1	0
pancratistatin pancratistatin: an isocarbostyril from Amaryllidaceae	2.17	1	0	citraconoyl group
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.03	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.03	1	0
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.05	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.66	2	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.1	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	5.95	18	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.13	1	0	stilbene
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.08	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.1	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	3.47	1	1
3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid with three methoxy substituents at the 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	3.31	1	0
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.11	1	0	diarylmethane
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	4.3	5	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
bms 387032 N-(5-(((5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl)methyl)thio)-2-thiazolyl)-4-piperidinecarboxamide: a CDK2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.6	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; 1,3-thiazoles; organic sulfide; piperidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
cystine [no description available]	2.17	1	0
piperolactam a piperolactam A: isolated from Houttynia cordata; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	alkaloid
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.1	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.21	1	0
ferrostatin-1 ferrostatin-1: inhibits ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death; structure in first source. ferrostatin-1 : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoic acid with ethanol. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, a distinct non-apoptotic form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. It is also a radical-trapping antioxidant and has the ability to reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxides and chain-carrying peroxyl radicals.	2.17	1	0	ethyl ester; primary arylamine; substituted aniline	antifungal agent; antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
alsterpaullone alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound; caprolactams; organic heterotetracyclic compound	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
quercetin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.17	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.41	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
fisetin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.17	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.44	2	0
(+)-trans-epsilon-viniferin (+)-trans-epsilon-viniferin : A stilbenoid that is the (+)-trans-stereoisomer of epsilon-viniferin, obtained by cyclodimerisation of trans-resveratrol.	2.11	1	0	1-benzofurans; polyphenol; stilbenoid
irisquinone irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.11	1	0
pellitorine pellitorine: consists of piper sylvaticum Roxb.; structure	3.35	1	0	fatty amide	metabolite
ag-490 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
fosbretabulin [no description available]	2.54	2	0	stilbenoid
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.44	2	0
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.6	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
piperovatine piperovatine: isolated from Ottonia frutescens; RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
cotylenin a cotylenin A: induces differentiation in murine and human myeloid leukemia cells; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.1	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
tg4-155 TG4-155: an EP2 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
mdl 27048 MDL 27048: structure given in first source; powerful & reversible microtubule inhibitor	2.15	1	0
goniothalamin goniothalamin: has antineoplastic activity; structure given in first source	7.57	2	0
guineensine guineensine: an Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, from the fruits of Piper longum; structure in first sourc	2.04	1	0	benzodioxoles
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.6	1	0	borneol
cabazitaxel cabazitaxel: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. cabazitaxel : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.	2.17	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-stabilising agent
pipernonaline pipernonaline: derived from long pepper, Piper longum; structure in first source	3.61	2	0	benzodioxoles
coumaperine coumaperine: from Piper nigrum (white pepper); structure in first source	2.15	1	0	N-acylpiperidine
retrofractamide a retrofractamide A: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	benzodioxoles
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.07	1	0
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein: nonfluorescent, reduced form of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein	2.1	1	0
dermaseptin s dermaseptin: 34 amino acid residues given in first source; antimicrobial peptide of amphibian skin	2.08	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.21	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chitosan [no description available]	8.33	5	0
navitoclax [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	5.95	18	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.1	1	0
tenuifoliside a tenuifoliside A: isolated from Polygala tenuifolia; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
apr-246 eprenetapopt: works in tandem with cisplatin to cause apoptosis of tumor cells; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.41	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.15	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.03	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.15	1	0
epiisopiloturine epiisopiloturine: an antischistosomal agent isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus; structure in first source	7.15	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.17	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.11	1	0
tomatine Tomatine: An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed). tomatine : A steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose.	2.07	1	0
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
liproxstatin-1 liproxstatin-1: suppress ferroptosis in cells. liproxstatin-1 : An azaspiro compound that is 1'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-quinoxaline] in which the hydrogen at position 3' is replaced by a (3-chlorobenzyl)amino group. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis.	2.17	1	0	azaspiro compound; monochlorobenzenes; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.29	15	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.29	15	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.77	9	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.77	9	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	9.1	13	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	4.1	13	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	4.18	3	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	4.18	3	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	8.04	17	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	8.04	17	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	3.08	4	0
Metastase [description not available]	3.24	5	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.6	7	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	3.24	5	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.6	7	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.62	8	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.62	8	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.72	2	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	3.12	4	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	3.12	4	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.41	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.15	14	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.31	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.31	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.66	8	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	3.66	8	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.12	4	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.12	4	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Chemo-Fog [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.66	2	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.41	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.63	2	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.66	8	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.66	8	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.41	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	3.26	5	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	3.25	5	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	3.26	5	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	8.25	5	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.61	2	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.6	1	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.6	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	2.41	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	2.69	2	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.43	5	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	3.43	5	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.59	2	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	2.41	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	3.76	3	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	2.57	2	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	3.76	3	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.6	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.76	2	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.76	2	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.63	2	0
Cancer of the Retina [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	2.61	2	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.76	2	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.6	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.18	4	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.6	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.18	4	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.6	1	0
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.6	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.6	1	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	7.79	3	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.76	2	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.76	2	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.23	5	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	3.23	5	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.21	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.21	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.21	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	3.31	5	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	3.69	8	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	3.31	5	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	3.69	8	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.25	1	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	2.54	2	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.87	3	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.87	3	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.25	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.87	3	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.87	3	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2.25	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	3.56	7	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.25	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.61	2	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.61	2	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.31	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.59	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.07	4	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.07	4	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	2.31	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.31	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.31	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.31	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	2.25	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	2.31	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.83	3	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.55	2	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.53	2	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.48	2	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	3.51	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.79	3	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.08	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.08	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.08	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.49	2	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.1	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.08	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.49	2	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.51	2	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.1	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	3.43	2	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	3.43	2	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.1	1	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	3.48	1	1
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	2.1	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	2.11	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	2.11	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	2.13	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.13	1	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	2.13	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.04	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	3.04	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.13	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.04	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.44	2	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.06	1	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.08	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	7.73	3	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.03	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.03	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.03	1	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	2.04	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.04	1	0

piplartine

Description

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Synonyms (82)

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Overview

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (51)

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Research Demand Index: 24.47

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piplartine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (82)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (51)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (163)

Molecular Functions (49)

Ceullar Components (42)

Bioassays (302)

Research

Studies (292)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 24.47

Study Types

Related Drugs (143)

Related Conditions (222)