Compounds > gyy 4137
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

gyy 4137

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Description

GYY 4137: has vasodilator, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory activities; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID46937261
CHEMBL ID2158901
CHEBI ID197330
MeSH IDM0522090

Synonyms (21)

Synonym
gyy-4137
morpholine (4-methoxyphenyl)(morpholino)phosphinodithioate
gyy4137
CHEBI:197330
CHEMBL2158901
106740-09-4
gyy 4137
AKOS024457733
gyy 4137 morpholine salt
p-(4-methoxyphenyl)-p-4-morpholinylphosphinodithioic acid morpholine salt
c11h16no2ps2.c4h9no
HB3922
(4-methoxyphenyl)morpholino-phosphinodithioic acid compound with morpholine
BCP23715
gyy4137 morpholine salt
unii-udz9ary4yg
UDZ9ARY4YG ,
HY-107632
(4-methoxyphenyl)-morpholin-4-yl-sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane;morpholine
CS-0029032
Z3243811329

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Though historically known as a toxic gas, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has displayed a new face as the third endogenous gaseous signaling molecule after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO)."( Protective Smell of Hydrogen Sulfide and Polysulfide in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity.
Bian, J; Cao, X; Moore, PK; Zhang, W, 2019)		0.51

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" We found that obesity in mice reduced the bioavailability of the gaseous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S)."( Depletion of H2S during obesity enhances store-operated Ca2+ entry in adipose tissue macrophages to increase cytokine production.
Beaman, KD; Candela, J; Huang, H; Jaiswal, MK; Prakriya, M; Sun, H; Velmurugan, GV; White, C; Yamashita, M, 2015)		0.42

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The applicability of this technique to real-world nanoparticle dosing problems was demonstrated in a study of the effect of H2S on nanoshell uptake using two donor molecules, NaHS and GYY4137."( Imaging the uptake of gold nanoshells in live cells using plasmon resonance enhanced four wave mixing microscopy.
Garrett, N; Moger, J; Whiteman, M, 2011)		0.37
" Furthermore, we describe the long-term effect of dosing pea, radish, and lettuce plants with GYY-4137 for up to six weeks."( Improved growth of pea, lettuce, and radish plants using the slow release of hydrogen sulfide from GYY-4137.
Bowden, NB; Brown, EM; Carter, JM; Grace, JP; Irish, EE; Salem, AK, 2018)		0.48
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
organic molecular entityAny molecular entity that contains carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (52)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1239908Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution at 5 mM incubated at 37 degC in dark condition measured at 96 hrs by 1 mM 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1475777Drug metabolism in pH 7.4 PBS buffer assessed as H2S release by measuring time required to reach half Cmax for H2S at 1 mM after 30 mins in presence of 4 mM L-Cysteine by amperometric method2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Iminothioethers as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors: From the Gasotransmitter Release to the Vascular Effects.
AID1239923Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human WI38 cells to IC50 for human MCF7 cells2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1245189Cytoprotective activity against H2O2-induced cell damage in rat H9c2 cells at 40 to 160 uM pre-incubated for 1 hr before H2O2 challenge for 5 hrs in presence of 480 uM cysteine by CCK8 assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18
Design, Synthesis, and Cardioprotective Effects of N-Mercapto-Based Hydrogen Sulfide Donors.
AID1239935Effective permeability of the compound at 500 uM after 6 hrs by PAMPA2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID777383Induction of H2S release in PBS buffer 10x at pH 7.4 assessed as time required to reach concentration for 50% of Cmax in presence of L-cysteine2013ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-10, Volume: 4, Issue:10
Arylthioamides as H2S Donors: l-Cysteine-Activated Releasing Properties and Vascular Effects in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1239906Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution at 5 mM incubated at 22 degC in dark condition measured at 96 hrs by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239941Induction of H2S release in human MCF7 cells at 200 uM measured at 24 hrs by probe 21-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239951Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in cell survival up to 500 uM after 72 hrs by crystal violet assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239903Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution at 5 mM incubated at 37 degC in dark condition measured after 4 days by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1475774Drug metabolism in pH 7.4 PBS buffer assessed as H2S release by measuring H2S Cmax at 1 mM after 30 mins in absence of L-Cysteine by amperometric method2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Iminothioethers as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors: From the Gasotransmitter Release to the Vascular Effects.
AID1239954Antitumor activity against human MCF7 tumor spheroids assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 200 uM after 14 days by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239953Antitumor activity against human MCF7 tumor spheroids assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 100 uM after 14 days by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID777384Induction of H2S release in PBS buffer 10x at pH 7.4 assessed as maximal concentration of H2S at steady state after 15 mins in presence of L-cysteine2013ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-10, Volume: 4, Issue:10
Arylthioamides as H2S Donors: l-Cysteine-Activated Releasing Properties and Vascular Effects in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1239919Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 4 days by crystal violet assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239918Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID695509Induction of H2S production at 200 uM measured every 15 sec to 1 min by thiobimane fluorescent method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Thioglycine and L-thiovaline: biologically active H₂S-donors.
AID1239898Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution at 0.2 mM incubated at 22 degC in dark condition measured over 5 days by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239940Induction of H2S release in human MCF7 cells at 400 uM measured at 6 hrs by probe 21-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID777385Induction of H2S release in PBS buffer 10x at pH 7.4 assessed as maximal concentration of H2S at steady state after 15 mins2013ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-10, Volume: 4, Issue:10
Arylthioamides as H2S Donors: l-Cysteine-Activated Releasing Properties and Vascular Effects in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1239956Antitumor activity against human MCF7 tumor spheroids assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 800 uM after 14 days by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID695533Vasodilatory activity in CD1 mouse endothelium-denuded aortic ring assessed as reversal of L-phenylehrine-induced contraction2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Thioglycine and L-thiovaline: biologically active H₂S-donors.
AID1239911Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution assessed as ratio of H2S level at 37 degC to H2S level at 22 degC at 5 mM incubated in dark condition measured at 96 hrs by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239925Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human WI38 cells to IC50 for human MBA-MD-231 cells2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239942Induction of H2S release in human MCF7 cells at 400 uM measured at 24 hrs by probe 21-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239900Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution at 5 mM incubated at 22 degC in dark condition measured after 5 days by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1475778Vasorelaxing effect in endothelium-denuded Wistar rat thoracic aorta ring assessed as reduction in KCl-induced contractile tone at 1 mM relative to KCl2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Iminothioethers as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors: From the Gasotransmitter Release to the Vascular Effects.
AID1239902Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution assessed as ratio of H2S level at 37 degC to H2S level at 22 degC at 1 mM incubated in dark condition measured after 4 days by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239945Induction of H2S release in aqueous acetonitrile solution at 400 uM measured over 4 days by probe 21-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239924Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human WI38 cells to IC50 for human SKOV3 cells2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239920Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTS assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1475779Vasorelaxing effect in endothelium-denuded Wistar rat thoracic aorta ring assessed as reduction in KCl-induced contractile tone2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Iminothioethers as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors: From the Gasotransmitter Release to the Vascular Effects.
AID1239899Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution at 1 mM incubated at 22 degC in dark condition measured after 4 days by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1475776Drug metabolism in pH 7.4 PBS buffer assessed as H2S release by measuring H2S Cmax at 1 mM after 30 mins in presence of 4 mM L-Cysteine by amperometric method2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Iminothioethers as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors: From the Gasotransmitter Release to the Vascular Effects.
AID1239936Effective permeability of the compound at 500 uM after 16 hrs by PAMPA2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239958Induction of apoptosis in human MCF7 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase 7 level after 3 days by immunoblot analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239926Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human WI38 cells to IC50 for human PC3 cells2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239922Toxicity in human WI38 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 4 days by crystal violet assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239943Kinetic solubility of the compound in DMSO at pH 7.4 measured at 3 hrs by multiscreen filter paper-based UV absorbance analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239944Kinetic solubility of the compound in DMSO at pH 7.4 measured at 24 hrs by multiscreen filter paper-based UV absorbance analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239901Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution at 0.2 mM incubated at 37 degC in dark condition measured over 5 days by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239938Induction of H2S release in human MCF7 cells at 200 uM measured at 6 hrs by probe 21-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239921Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239904Induction of H2S release in 10% PBS:MeCN solution assessed as ratio of H2S level at 37 degC to H2S level at 22 degC at 5 mM incubated in dark condition measured after 4 days by 2, 6-dansyl azide probed-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239952Toxicity in human MCF10A cells assessed as decrease in cell survival up to 500 uM after 72 hrs by crystal violet assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239950Induction of H2S release in human MCF7 cells at 400 uM measured at 5 hrs by probe 21-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239939Induction of H2S release in aqueous acetonitrile solution at 200 uM measured over 4 days by probe 21-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239917Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 4 days by crystal violet assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239937Reduction of intracellular pH in human MCF7 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by BCECF-AM staining-based confocal microscopic analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239955Antitumor activity against human MCF7 tumor spheroids assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 400 uM after 14 days by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239905Induction of H2S release in PBS at 5 mM after 12 hrs by HS-GC-MS analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
AID1239957Induction of apoptosis in human MCF7 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP level after 3 days by immunoblot analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16
Discovery of New H2S Releasing Phosphordithioates and 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenyl-2-sulfanylenebenzo[d][1,3,2]oxazaphospholes with Improved Antiproliferative Activity.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (154)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's2 (1.30)29.6817
2010's110 (71.43)24.3611
2020's42 (27.27)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 29.73

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index29.73 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.06 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.44 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index36.71 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (29.73)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews11 (7.01%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other146 (92.99%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		3.2710carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		2.2510amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		10.351260gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
glycine
[no description available]		3.570alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.520alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.1310dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.0810methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		2.2110divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.1110benzamides
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.8220aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.7830monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.0810aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		2.5820catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.1710chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ns 1619
NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).		2.1510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzimidazoles;
phenols		potassium channel opener
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.110pyridines
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.1710naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.3110ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
corticosterone
[no description available]		2.532011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.11104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.1710ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
cysteine
[no description available]		2.4920cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.4920phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.1310amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		2.1110aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.0710L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.2110mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
di-tert-butyl peroxide
tert-butyl peroxide: structure in first source		2.3110
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.1310azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		3.1240dialdehydebiomarker
[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethyl-(phenylmethyl)ammonium
denatonium: a potent bittering agent		2.610amino acid amide
diallyl trisulfide
[no description available]		2.610organic trisulfideanti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
insecticide;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
diallyl disulfide
diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.		2.8630organic disulfideantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.1710iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		2.0610copper group element atom;
elemental gold
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		2.610chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.2110inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
sodium bisulfide
sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)		5.82260
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.4110taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		3.1440alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
neocuproine
neocuproine: Spectrophotometric determination of copper and ultramicro blood sugar determinations; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. neocuproine : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.		2.1110phenanthrolineschelator;
copper chelator
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.1310glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		2.1110phenanthroline
1,2-dithiol-3-thione
1,2-dithiol-3-thione: has antioxidant activity; structure given in first source		3.21101,2-dithiole
sodium tetrasulfide
sodium tetrasulfide: a mercury capturing agent		2.1310
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
artesunic acid
[no description available]		2.0810
dibromobimane
dibromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two bromomethyl substituents at positions 3 and 5.		2.0710organobromine compound;
pyrazolopyrazole		fluorochrome
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		3.4110methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.1110biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.5220amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
propargylglycine
propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.3760
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		2.2110bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.13102-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
sodium sulfide
sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae		3.6580
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0810inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
bradykinin
[no description available]		2.610oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
elastin
[no description available]		2.1310oligopeptide
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		2.5720heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
(e)-3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-n-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide
3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and antihyperalgesic agent; structure in first source		2.0810
hc 030031
2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker		2.0810
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		2.0810capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.4110cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.0810benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
oxalylglycine
oxalylglycine: structure given in first source. N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.		2.1310amino dicarboxylic acid;
N-acylglycine		EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
desmethylanethol trithione
desmethylanethol trithione: metabolite of anethol trithione; structure given in first source		2.4110
sc 560
SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.		2.0810aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.110prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		2.4110antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		2.110
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.1310chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		3.3960cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.6320monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd		2.1310organic anion
gw 501516
GW 501516: a selective PPARdelta agonist; structure in first source. GW 501516 : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.		2.6101,3-thiazoles;
aromatic ether;
aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
PPARbeta/delta agonist
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.610aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.110
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		2.8330polypeptide
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.1510
s-nitrosopenicillamine
S-nitrosopenicillamine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase		2.110
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		2.13103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
atb-346
2-(6-methoxy-napthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid 4-thiocarbamoyl-phenyl ester: NSAIDs; structure in first source		3.4110
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.0610
gsk0660
GSK0660: PPAR antagonist; structure in first source		2.610sulfonamide
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		2.1110polypeptide
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		2.1510
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		3.07403',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate: a signal for protein S-guanylation; structure in first source. 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in which the hydrogen at position 8 on the purine fragment has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.11103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
C-nitro compound		biomarker;
Brassica napus metabolite;
human metabolite;
signalling molecule
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.0840
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		02.3110
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.2740
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		03.3150
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		06.07240
MODS
[description not available]		02.4110
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		02.4110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		03.2740
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		03.3150
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.4110
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.4110
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		02.4110
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		02.4110
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.4110
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		02.4110
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.4110
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		04.16130
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		04.16130
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		04.5470
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		04.5470
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		03.92100
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		03.0730
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.6620
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		03.0730
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		02.6620
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		04.0240
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		04.0240
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
[description not available]		02.7220
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.8930
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		02.610
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.		02.7220
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.8330
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.2110
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		02.2110
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.2510
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.2510
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.2510
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.2510
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		02.2510
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.2510
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		02.2510
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		04.8740
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		04.8740
Spermatic Cord Torsion
The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.		02.2510
Joint Pain
[description not available]		02.2510
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		02.2510
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		03.0740
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		03.0740
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.2510
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.2510
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		02.2510
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.8530
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		02.8530
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		02.2510
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.3110
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		02.3110
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.3110
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		04.0240
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		02.1510
Cranial Nerve II Injuries
[description not available]		02.1510
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.1510
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		02.1510
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.0910
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		03.7730
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.0910
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.1710
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.1710
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		03.0440
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		02.5420
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		02.5420
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.1710
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.1710
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.1710
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.8430
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		02.1710
Acute Mesenteric Arterial Embolus
[description not available]		02.2110
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.230
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		04.230
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.2110
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.2110
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.2110
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.2110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.830
Cerebral Malaria
[description not available]		02.0810
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.110
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.110
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Placenta Diseases
Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.		02.0810
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		02.0810
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		02.0810
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.0810
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		02.0810
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		02.0810
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.830
Hyperoxia
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.		02.520
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.		02.520
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.110
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.110
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.110
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.110
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.110
Carditis
[description not available]		02.1110
Coxsackie Virus Infections
[description not available]		02.1110
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		02.1110
Infections, Paramyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.1110
Paramyxoviridae Infections
Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.		02.1110
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		02.1110
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		02.1110
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		02.1110
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.1110
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.1110
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.1110
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		02.1110
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.1510
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.1510
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.1310
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.1310
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.1310
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.1310
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		03.0410
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		02.1310
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		02.1310
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.1310
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		03.0610
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		03.0610
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.1310
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.1310
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.1310
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.1310
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		02.1510
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		02.4920
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		02.1510
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		02.4920
Labor, Premature
[description not available]		02.0710
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.0810
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.0810
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.0810