Page last updated: 2024-08-07 16:33:09

Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor

An alpha-1A adrenergic receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P35348]

Synonyms

Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor;
Alpha-1A adrenoceptor;
Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor;
Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c

Research

Bioassay Publications (168)

TimeframeStudies on this Protein(%)All Drugs %
pre-199011 (6.55)18.7374
1990's27 (16.07)18.2507
2000's62 (36.90)29.6817
2010's59 (35.12)24.3611
2020's9 (5.36)2.80

Compounds (136)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.979799
6-fluoronorepinephrineHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.500011
alfuzosinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.023011
alfuzosinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.009122
amlodipineHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.344011
apraclonidineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.180011
atenololHomo sapiens (human)IC500.230011
azelastineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.050133
bmy 7378Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.31501517
bunazosinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.001211
cisaprideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.030022
clonidineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.342833
doxazosinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.001555
ebastineHomo sapiens (human)IC500.183012
haloperidolHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.012422
mianserinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.407422
mirtazapineHomo sapiens (human)IC503.162311
naftopidilHomo sapiens (human)IC500.555022
naftopidilHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.003711
nan 190Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000311
oxymetazolineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.129733
moxonidineHomo sapiens (human)Ki15.500022
prazosinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.000644
prazosinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00271821
propranololHomo sapiens (human)IC505.011911
quetiapineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.023233
risperidoneHomo sapiens (human)IC500.010555
risperidoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.005066
rizatriptanHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
sumatriptanHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.000012
terazosinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.005011
terazosinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.06331217
terfenadineHomo sapiens (human)IC502.340012
5-methylurapidilHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.001133
n-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-n-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.019044
wb 4101Homo sapiens (human)IC500.001022
wb 4101Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000499
xylometazolineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.091022
zotepineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.003411
phentolamineHomo sapiens (human)IC500.001111
phentolamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.004444
phenylephrineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.162211
yohimbineHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.057011
indopanHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
canadine, (s)-isomerHomo sapiens (human)IC505.400011
pizotylineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.075011
indoraminHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.003822
idazoxanHomo sapiens (human)IC502.884011
ipsapironeHomo sapiens (human)IC500.500011
ipsapironeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.158022
sertindoleHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.001811
niguldipineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.165534
aripiprazoleHomo sapiens (human)IC500.170033
aripiprazoleHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.033022
ziprasidoneHomo sapiens (human)IC500.011011
ziprasidoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.009044
corynanthineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.142011
way 100635Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.020011
gr 127935Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.000011
roemerineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.251211
pramipexoleHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
sk&f 104078Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.033011
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.056011
sk&f 86466Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.449011
sk&f 104856Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.032433
tamsulosinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.001322
tamsulosinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.0017911
cyclazosinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.013844
sc 53116Homo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
sc 53116Homo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
rec 15-2739Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000722
asenapineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.001211
abanoquilHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000011
3-fluoronorepinephrineHomo sapiens (human)Ki50.000011
1-(3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)propyl)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.150011
nantenine, (+-)-isomerHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.002011
latrepirdineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.060311
eptapironeHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
bmy 7378Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.224733
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.012211
rauwolscineHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.400011
mitragynineHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.340011
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.448011
bp 897Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.013033
rs 100329Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000311
rs 17053Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000722
3-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,5-dihydropyrimido[5,4-b]indole-2,4-dioneHomo sapiens (human)Ki928,837,500,000,000.000044
a 61603Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.349011
le 300Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.011011
harmineHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.873323
l 745870Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.200011
silodosinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.001822
silodosinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000011
ag 556Homo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
ro 25-6981Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.180011
dexniguldipineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.181035
vilazodoneHomo sapiens (human)IC501.980011
n-demethylloperamideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.009911
ro 70-0004Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.001122
10,10-bis((2-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)methyl)-9(10h)-anthracenoneHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.500022
fauc 346Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.015011
4-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-oneHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.074412
pnu 96415eHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.038011
n-(4-((4-(dimethylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzamide hydrochlorideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.300011
4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chlorideHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.018011
vortioxetineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.026011
sb-656104-aHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.218811
tert-butyl peroxybenzoateHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.011011
snap 6201Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000212
77-lh-28-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.436511
fauc 365Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.913333
fauc 113Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.003611
snap7941Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.040011
sp 203Homo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
gsk 1004723Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.039833
cep 26401Homo sapiens (human)Ki9.800011
nitd 609Homo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
2-((r-5-chloro-4-methoxymethylindan-1-yl)-1h-imidazole)Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.083011
n,n-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamineHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000022
bix 02565Homo sapiens (human)IC500.914010
clozapineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.020166
olanzapineHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.029056

Drugs with Activation Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
apraclonidineHomo sapiens (human)EC500.180013
bmy 7378Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.380211
cirazolineHomo sapiens (human)EC500.012644
clonidineHomo sapiens (human)EC500.290013
isoproterenolHomo sapiens (human)EC500.001511
labetalolHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.158511
naphazolineHomo sapiens (human)EC500.063122
oxymetazolineHomo sapiens (human)EC500.020133
prazosinHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.002011
propranololHomo sapiens (human)EC505.011911
propranololHomo sapiens (human)Kd100.000011
terazosinHomo sapiens (human)EC500.051422
terazosinHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.025111
5-methylurapidilHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.006311
wb 4101Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.575411
phentolamineHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.003711
piperoxanHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.316211
phenylephrineHomo sapiens (human)EC500.055522
azapetineHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.109611
phenylpropanolamineHomo sapiens (human)EC50230.000011
dihydroergotamineHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.028211
st 1059Homo sapiens (human)EC507.100011
propranolol hydrochlorideHomo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
labetalol hydrochlorideHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.036633
tamsulosinHomo sapiens (human)EC500.000111
tamsulosinHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.000011
dabuzalgronHomo sapiens (human)EC500.025011
rauwolscineHomo sapiens (human)Kd1.288211
rs 17053Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.050111
a 61603Homo sapiens (human)EC500.009311
cl 316243Homo sapiens (human)EC501,000.000011
nylidrin hydrochlorideHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.616611
phentolamineHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.016611
abt 866Homo sapiens (human)EC500.304522
brl 37344Homo sapiens (human)EC505.600011
2-((r-5-chloro-4-methoxymethylindan-1-yl)-1h-imidazole)Homo sapiens (human)EC500.029733

Drugs with Other Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralinHomo sapiens (human)Log Ki0.006011
alprenololHomo sapiens (human)Kapp0.020011
doxazosinHomo sapiens (human)EC400.032313
bunololHomo sapiens (human)Kapp0.017011
pindololHomo sapiens (human)Kapp0.093011
practololHomo sapiens (human)Kapp313.000011
prazosinHomo sapiens (human)EC400.004524
prazosinHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.000211
prazosinHomo sapiens (human)Ke0.001122
prazosinHomo sapiens (human)Ke(app)0.001111
propranololHomo sapiens (human)Kapp0.018011
wb 4101Homo sapiens (human)Kb0.000211
wb 4101Homo sapiens (human)Log Ki0.009411
methoxamineHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.011012
nuciferineHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.037811
metergolineHomo sapiens (human)Activity0.030011
sertindoleHomo sapiens (human)Activity0.001011
roemerineHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.338011
5,6-dihydroxy-1-(2-imidazolinyl)tetralinHomo sapiens (human)ED500.092025
sk&f 89748Homo sapiens (human)Kb0.005012
nantenine, (+-)-isomerHomo sapiens (human)Ke0.036011
nantenine, (+-)-isomerHomo sapiens (human)Ke(app)0.036011
nantenineHomo sapiens (human)Ke0.196011

Enables

This protein enables 3 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activitymolecular functionCombining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha1-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gq alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah, IUPHAR_GPCR:1274]
protein bindingmolecular functionBinding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
protein heterodimerization activitymolecular functionBinding to a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. [GOC:ai]

Located In

This protein is located in 8 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
nucleuscellular componentA membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
nucleoplasmcellular componentThat part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
cytoplasmcellular componentThe contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
cytosolcellular componentThe part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
plasma membranecellular componentThe membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
caveolacellular componentA membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0721662544, PMID:16645198]
nuclear membranecellular componentEither of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz]
intracellular membrane-bounded organellecellular componentOrganized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]

Active In

This protein is active in 1 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
plasma membranecellular componentThe membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 33 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
MAPK cascadebiological processAn intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAP kinase (MAPK). It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and a MAPK. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. [PMID:20811974, PMID:9561267]
negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressurebiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure. [ISBN:0721643949]
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressurebiological processA process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]
positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrinebiological processThe process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction. [GOC:dph]
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrinebiological processAny process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio]
apoptotic processbiological processA programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:18846107, PMID:21494263]
smooth muscle contractionbiological processA process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. [GOC:ef, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732]
signal transductionbiological processThe cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11]
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwaybiological processThe series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:16902576, PMID:24568158, Wikipedia:G_protein-coupled_receptor]
activation of phospholipase C activitybiological processThe initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:8280098]
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationbiological processAny process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. [GOC:ai]
adult heart developmentbiological processThe process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:bf]
negative regulation of cell population proliferationbiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
response to xenobiotic stimulusbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]
response to hormonebiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of autophagybiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophybiological processAny process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicbiological processAny process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [GOC:mah]
intracellular signal transductionbiological processThe process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:signaling, ISBN:3527303782]
positive regulation of MAPK cascadebiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of action potentialbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of smooth muscle contractionbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. [GOC:go_curators]
calcium ion transport into cytosolbiological processThe directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contractionbiological processAny process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell developmentbiological processThe growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. [GOC:dph]
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadebiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of protein kinase C signalingbiological processAny process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
pilomotor reflexbiological processThe reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect. [GOC:BHF, PMID:21335239, Wikipedia:Pilomotor_reflex]
neuron-glial cell signalingbiological processCell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:10195197, PMID:10196584, PMID:10377338, PMID:10493741, PMID:11356870, PMID:11399439, PMID:15252819, PMID:27788368]
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwaybiological processA G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194]
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwaybiological processAn adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]
cell-cell signalingbiological processAny process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]