Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Beriberi

A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac pathology, and edema. The epidemic form is found primarily in areas in which white (polished) rice is the staple food, as in Japan, China, the Philippines, India, and other countries of southeast Asia. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Beriberi

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"In Indonesia beriberi is still endemic, but subclinical cases are not uncommon."( Djoenaidi, W; Dunda, G; Notermans, SL, 1992)
"A case of alcoholic beriberi is described."( Ikram, H; Webster, MW, 1987)
"Cardiovascular beriberi is a syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency and characterized by systemic vasodilatation, heart failure and lactic acidosis."( Bakker, SJ; Leunissen, KM, 1995)
"Beriberi is the systemic counterpart of thiamine deficiency and often manifests in cardiovascular collapse."( Alcorn, DM; Bass, D; Berquist, W; Chamberlain, L; Hahn, JS, 1998)
"Beriberi is an endemic disease among the Naporuna indigenous people of Ecuadorean Amazonia (annual morbidity rate of 1."( Jativa, R; San Sebastian, M, 1998)
"Cardiac beriberi is classically thought to represent a high-output state with oliguria and lactic acidosis."( Carp, L; Daelemans, R; De Raedt, H; Engelmann, I; Shivalkar, B, 1998)
"Shoshin beriberi is an acute, cardiac form of beriberi, which can rapidly result in death due to cardiogenic shock and lactate acidosis."( Baur, HJ; Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, PH; Groeneveld, JH; Veldkamp, RF, 2003)
"Cardiovascular beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency and usually arises for one of two reasons: alcoholism or diet."( Hayashi, T; Kawano, H; Koide, Y; Toda, G; Yano, K, 2005)
"The treatment of beriberi is simple and effective and consists of thiamine supplementation in conjunction with diuretic treatment."( Aramideh, M; Cornel, JH; Cox, FM, 2006)
"Cardiac beriberi is an old disease in modern Bangkok which can present in as several different clinical patterns."( Leartveravat, S; Sangtawesin, C, 2008)
"Beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency."( Alves, RM; Braga, KN; Carmo, GM; de Paiva, FB; Lima, HC; Machado, RR; Marins, JR; Porto, EA; Silva e Santelli, AC; Sobel, J, 2010)
"Infantile beriberi is a potentially lethal manifestation of thiamin deficiency, associated with traditional post-partum maternal food avoidance, which persists in the Lao PDR (Laos)."( Akkhavong, K; Chamberlain, K; Latsavong, K; Lee, SJ; Luangxay, K; Mayxay, M; McDonagh, T; Newton, PN; Phommachanh, D; Sengmeuang, V; Sisouk, K; Soukaloun, D; Soumphonphakdy, B; Taylor, AM; White, NJ, 2011)
"It emphasizes that beriberi is the model for high calorie malnutrition because of its occurrence in predominantly white rice consuming cultures."( Lonsdale, D, 2012)
"Shoshin beriberi is a fulminant form of cardiac beriberi caused by thiamine deficiency."( Kang, WC; Kim, J; Kim, JH; Kim, SJ; Kim, SW; Park, S, 2014)
"Beriberi is primarily related to malnutrition, but also known as a complication following abdominal surgical procedures."( Arnadottir, LO; Gudbjartsson, T; Sigurbjornsson, S, 2016)
"Beriberi is an important cause of acute flaccid paralysis; hence, clinicians should consider this diagnosis and prompt start thiamine treatment to avoid permanent neurological sequelae."( Bianchi, G; Costantino, G; Farina, A; Mantero, V; Pozzetti, U; Rifino, N; Rigamonti, A; Ripolone, M; Salmaggi, A; Sciacco, M, 2021)
"Beriberi is a nutritional complication of gastric surgery, caused by deficiency of vitamin B1, or thiamine."( Wilson, RB, 2020)
"Beriberi is the clinical manifestation of thiamine deficiency."( Araújo, AS; Assunção, AKM; Branco, MDRFC; Caldas, AJM; Costa, SDSB; de Oliveira, BLCA; Frota, MTBA; Júnior, JJD; Queiroz, RCS; Santos, AMD; Santos, TS; Soeiro, VMDS, 2021)
"Shoshin beriberi is a fulminant variant of thiamine deficiency, often presenting with severe lactic acidosis and cardiogenic shock."( Gannon, D; Lim, MS; Ramali, M; Von Essen, A; Win, W, 2021)
"Although beriberi is considered a forgotten disease in the West, Kashmir has a rice-eating population that has beriberi in endemic proportions."( Ganie, MA; Kareem, O; Muzaffer, U; Nisar, S; Tanvir, M; Wani, IA, 2022)
"Gastric beriberi is a rare presentation of TD that can lead to severe GI symptoms and lactic acidosis."( Ganie, MA; Kareem, O; Muzaffer, U; Nisar, S; Tanvir, M; Wani, IA, 2022)
"Infant Shoshin beriberi is an acute life-threatening condition for which the diagnosis is frequently delayed."( Blondé, R; Nguyen, J; Tanné, C, 2022)
"Wet beriberi is a rare but fatal disease in modern society."( Chen, CK; Chen, WJ; Hsieh, MY; Hung, YH; Liao, MT; Yu, AL, 2023)
"Beriberi is the clinical manifestation of severe and prolonged thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."( Assunção, AKM; Branco, MDRFC; Costa, SDSB; Dias Júnior, JJ; Frota, MTBA; Oliveira, BLCA; Santos, AMD; Santos, TS, 2023)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Cardiovascular beriberi has a high mortality when untreated."( McIntyre, N; Stanley, NN, 1971)
"Patients with beriberi have a good prognosis, particularly when the diagnosis is made at an early stage."( Aramideh, M; Cornel, JH; Cox, FM, 2006)
"Beriberi has been underreported among prisoners."( Ahoua, L; Bouaffou, K; Brown, V; Etienne, W; Fermon, F; Godain, G; Guerin, PJ; Kadjo, K; Legros, D, 2007)

Research

Studies (349)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-1990189 (54.15)23.3326
1990's29 (8.31)12.5806
2000's50 (14.33)18.1394
2010's46 (13.18)28.8240
2020's35 (10.03)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
acetaldehyde0low30
carnitine0low10
choline0low10
lactic acid0low50
hydrogen carbonate0low10
pyruvaldehyde0low10
niacinamide0low10
niacin0low250
pyridoxine0low10
pyruvic acid0low50
thiamine0medium2381
phenytoin0low10
albuterol0low10
camphor, (+-)-isomer0low10
carbamazepine0low10
chloroquine0medium11
furosemide0low20
isoniazid0low20
isoproterenol0low10
metformin0low10
aminosalicylic acid0low10
phenobarbital0low10
primidone0low10
propranolol0low10
pyrimethamine0medium21
thalidomide0low10
tremorine0low20
reserpine0low10
thyroxine0low10
biguanides0low10
glutamine0low10
cyanides0low10
edetic acid0medium11
methionine0low10
pantothenic acid0low20
glyoxal0low10
oxythiamine0low10
thiamine pyrophosphate0medium181
thiazoles0low10
pyrimidine0low10
fusarium0low20
thiamine monophosphate0low10
ethambutol0low10
d-alpha tocopherol0low20
sulfadoxine0medium21
mercury0low10
gold0low10
trolamine salicylate0low10
phenyl acetate0low10
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous0low10
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate0low20
adenosine0low10
trazodone hydrochloride0low20
fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination0medium11
8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate0low20
cobalt0low60
artesunic acid0medium11
methotrexate0low10
cortisone0low10
glycogen0low10
ouabain0low10
quinidine0low10
digitoxin0low20
acetyl coenzyme a0low10
retinol0low50
riboflavin0low20
sesquiterpenes0medium11
fursultiamin0low50
pica0low10
prosultiamine0low10
quinine0medium11
vitamin k semiquinone radical0low20
morphine0low10
lead0low10
thallium0low10
selenium0low20
citreoviridin0low10
mocetinostat0low10
dihydrotachysterol0low10
thiamine pyrophosphate0low10
natriuretic peptide, brain0low30
ascorbic acid0low90
chlortetracycline0low10
vitamin b 120low30
exudates0low60
folic acid0low50
xanthopterin0low10
eye0low10

Protein Targets (885)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0404
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0303
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C0303
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0303
acetylcholinesterase9009
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit4004
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma190019
SMAD family member 29009
SMAD family member 39009
GLI family zinc finger 3180018
AR protein280028
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor7007
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)110011
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3180018
progesterone receptor110011
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]150015
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1180018
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha160016
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha230023
farnesoid X nuclear receptor130013
pregnane X nuclear receptor130013
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha350035
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta110011
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma130013
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor140014
caspase-33003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a120012
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor120012
activating transcription factor 6110011
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor5005
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a100010
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)110011
Histone H2A.x7007
Caspase-72002
caspase-32002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2160016
heat shock protein beta-16006
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1220022
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit9009
Cellular tumor antigen p53180018
Glutamate receptor 292112
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 57007
Ataxin-29009
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 500011
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE8008
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Structure of PAE2307 in complex with adenosine0011
Chain B, Structure of PAE2307 in complex with adenosine0011
Chain A, ADENOSINE RECEPTOR A2A0101
Chain A, ADENOSINE RECEPTOR A2A0101
Chain A, tRNA (guanine-N(1)-)-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Uncharacterized protein MJ08830011
signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 48008
NPYLR7B0044
arylsulfatase A7007
IDH17007
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10011
mitogen-activated protein kinase 16006
flap endonuclease 19009
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 17007
peripheral myelin protein 229009
survival motor neuron protein isoform d6006
high affinity choline transporter 1 isoform a0101
Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 10202
Calcium dependent protein kinase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 70011
Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 20202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 35005
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 0101
Adenosine deaminase0001
Avidin0011
Adenosine deaminase0001
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase0202
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Insulin receptor0001
Phosphoglycerate kinase 20101
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha0112
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta0001
Adenosine receptor A30337
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A 0101
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein0011
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 10001
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 20101
Endoplasmin0112
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 0101
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 20001
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 40001
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 30001
Streptavidin0011
Adenosylhomocysteinase0001
Adenosine receptor A10112
Adenosine receptor A30101
Adenosine receptor A2a0236
Adenosine receptor A2b0012
Adenosine receptor A2b0112
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial0101
Adenosine receptor A10225
Adenosine receptor A2a0112
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 0101
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha0203
Adenosine receptor A10112
Adenosine kinase0001
Adenosine deaminase 0001
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 20202
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta0203
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific0101
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 10202
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha0203
Solute carrier family 28 member 30202
Adenosine kinase0102
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta0203
5-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase0001
Adenosine transporter 10001
glp-1 receptor, partial8008
thioredoxin reductase150015
GLS protein8008
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2220022
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3014014
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4014016
Bile salt export pump027027
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor06512
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0448
60 kDa chaperonin0202
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0336
Delta-type opioid receptor0326
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0202
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 0125
60 kDa chaperonin 0202
10 kDa chaperonin 0202
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0359
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1014014
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase7007
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase8008
Microtubule-associated protein tau100010
thioredoxin glutathione reductase3003
Smad33003
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform 90101
Carbonic anhydrase 10609
Carbonic anhydrase 206110
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10011
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated0101
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4160016
chromobox protein homolog 19009
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 28008
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I2002
geminin210021
lethal factor (plasmid)4004
lamin isoform A-delta10120012
Polyphenol oxidase 20303
Pancreatic alpha-amylase0202
Albumin0101
Urease0101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10001
Tyrosinase0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0124
Spike glycoprotein81110
Hyaluronate lyase0101
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN20001
Egl nine homolog 10001
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN30001
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor0001
Solute carrier family 23 member 10101
ATAD5 protein, partial5005
TDP1 protein230023
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1170017
67.9K protein7007
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma4004
Chain A, Beta-lactamase6006
USP1 protein, partial100010
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a8008
Vpr1001
Bile salt export pump0707
Albumin0011
Major prion protein0022
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0718
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70102
Cytochrome P450 2B60011
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0204
Cytochrome P450 2J20303
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2010010
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0303
Frizzled-80011
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 160001
Solute carrier family 22 member 210001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain6006
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA7007
Caspase-20011
Inositol monophosphatase 13003
PPM1D protein3003
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase0101
Spike glycoprotein0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform b0101
Transmembrane protease serine 20112
Dihydrofolate reductase 0404
DNA ligase0101
Interferon beta8008
Riboflavin-binding protein0123
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0404
Histidine-rich protein PFHRP-II0304
Procathepsin L0112
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Cytochrome P450 3A40617
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0236
Replicase polyprotein 1a0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Spike glycoprotein0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10213
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0225
DNA ligase 10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30213
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Beta-secretase 10101
Calcium-dependent protein kinase 10011
MO15-related protein kinase Pfmrk 0101
DNA ligase A0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10404
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0112
Cysteine proteinase falcipain 2a 0101
Cysteine proteinase falcipain 2a 0101
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40303
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Putative Glycine Betaine-binding Abc Transporter Protein0011
Chain A, PUTATIVE GLYCINE BETAINE-BINDING ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Choline-binding protein0011
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M14004
Solute carrier family 22 member 10304
Solute carrier family 22 member 20204
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 09012
Solute carrier family 22 member 20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41102
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21102
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Solute carrier family 22 member 107011
High affinity choline transporter 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20607
Chain A, HADH2 protein8008
Chain B, HADH2 protein8008
endonuclease IV3003
dopamine D1 receptor3003
pregnane X receptor4004
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 15005
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor2002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 17007
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi72110
Glucocorticoid receptor0202
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-172110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta72110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-272110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-572110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-372110
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-172110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-272110
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-472110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-372110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-672110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-172110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-372110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-272110
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10011
TAR DNA-binding protein 433003
GABA theta subunit72110
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon72110
Carbonic anhydrase 40304
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 150202
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 13003
snurportin-13003
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 12002
Glutathione S-transferase P0101
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein0011
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
STAT3, partial0202
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor2002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d8008
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform alpha0202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 0304
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-10304
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-30203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-20203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20304
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-10101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-30203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma0203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40203
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10203
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE8008
Eyes absent homolog 20101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0101
Histamine H2 receptor2013
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0103
Pantothenate synthetase0202
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
acid sphingomyelinase3003
glucocerebrosidase1001
alpha-galactosidase2002
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 16006
DNA polymerase beta4004
Thymidylate synthase0404
Thymidylate synthase0303
Dihydrofolate reductase0449
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Alpha-synuclein1102
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0104
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30103
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0104
Multidrug resistance associated protein0103
EWS/FLI fusion protein110011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor8008
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Carbonic anhydrase 120102
Albumin0123
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 60203
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0102
Carbonic anhydrase 70102
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0202
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0202
Carbonic anhydrase 90102
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
G-protein coupled receptor 350112
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 140102
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20203
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0102
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 20101
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain A, Slr1257 protein0011
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]0101
phosphopantetheinyl transferase7007
beta-2 adrenergic receptor2002
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80202
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 10101
Prothrombin0011
Integrin beta-33014
Integrin alpha-IIb3014
ATP-citrate synthase 0101
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 30213
Glutamate receptor 40213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0224
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20213
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 20213
Glutamate receptor 30112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30202
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30203
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80011
Glutamate receptor 40213
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 0001
Glutamate racemase0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80112
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0224
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0224
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0224
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40202
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0224
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate racemase0001
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0224
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0224
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein0011
15-lipoxygenase, partial5005
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Amino acid transporter0101
interleukin 83003
Luciferase1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3 0101
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 16006
N-glycosylase/DNA lyase0101
Myeloperoxidase0101
Cytochrome P450 1A20202
Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
Cytochrome P450 2C80202
Cytochrome P450 2A60101
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0101
Cytochrome P450 2C190303
Endonuclease III-like protein 10101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Isocitrate lyase0101
Putative FAD-containing monooxygenase MymA0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Endonuclease 8-like 10101
cytochrome P450 2D6100010
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0125
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0416
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
D(2) dopamine receptor0213
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0314
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0428
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0213
D(1A) dopamine receptor0213
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0213
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0213
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0314
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0023
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0011
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0314
Vasopressin V1a receptor0011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0213
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0135
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0023
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0314
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Taste receptor type 2 member 380011
Taste receptor type 2 member 390011
Taste receptor type 2 member 400011
Taste receptor type 2 member 410011
Taste receptor type 2 member 430011
Taste receptor type 2 member 310011
Taste receptor type 2 member 450011
Taste receptor type 2 member 460011
Taste receptor type 2 member 300011
Taste receptor type 2 member 190011
Taste receptor type 2 member 200011
Taste receptor type 2 member 500011
Taste receptor type 2 member 600011
Oxytocin receptor0011
Taste receptor type 2 member 420011
Taste receptor type 2 member 160011
Taste receptor type 2 member 140011
Taste receptor type 2 member 130011
Taste receptor type 2 member 100011
Taste receptor type 2 member 90011
Taste receptor type 2 member 80011
Taste receptor type 2 member 70011
Taste receptor type 2 member 50011
Taste receptor type 2 member 40011
Taste receptor type 2 member 30011
Taste receptor type 2 member 10011
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a3003
Dihydrofolate reductase0506
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40202
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Aminopeptidase0101
Chain A, Methionine aminopeptidase0101
S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase0101
Adenylate cyclase type 50001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-10001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-20001
Fatty acid synthase0101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
ClpP1001
Thymidylate synthase 0101
Thymidylate synthase 0101
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
DNA polymerase eta isoform 13003
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)5005
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor3003
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0102
High mobility group protein B10011
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0303
Folate receptor beta0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0404
Histidine decarboxylase0112
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0001
Mu-type opioid receptor0317
Kappa-type opioid receptor0315
Reduced folate transporter0202
Caspase-73003
Pteridine reductase 10202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60001
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200202
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
G4004
Histone deacetylase 30202
Nuclear receptor corepressor 10101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 4004
Integrin beta-10101
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase0101
Cytochrome P450 2D60606
Integrin alpha-40101
Histone deacetylase 40101
Histone deacetylase 10202
Histone deacetylase 70101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 14004
Histone deacetylase 20202
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
Histone deacetylase 80101
Histone deacetylase 60101
Histone deacetylase 50101
Nuclear receptor corepressor 20101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial4004
Opioid receptor, delta 1b 0101
Acetylcholinesterase0303
Opioid receptor homologue0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Acyl-CoA desaturase 10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB109011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Translocator protein0011
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Proteinase-activated receptor 10112
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0102
Kappa-type opioid receptor0214
Mu-type opioid receptor0528
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
Delta-type opioid receptor0326
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0326
Mu-type opioid receptor0215
Nociceptin receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70404
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20011
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 10101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein0101
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 30011
Nicotinamidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20011
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20213
D-aspartate oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20112
Chain A, NAD-dependent deacetylase0101
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 20101
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase SIR20101
Coagulation factor VII0101
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 10101
Tissue factor0101
Cytochrome P450 3A50101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase HST20101
Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP150101
NAD(+) hydrolase SARM10101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-20101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-60101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-10101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial0101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase 0101
Chain H, Igg2b-kappa 40-50 Fab (heavy Chain)0101
Chain L, Igg2b-kappa 40-50 Fab (light Chain)0101
Chain A, Na, K-ATPase alpha subunit0011
Kruppel-like factor 50101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40204
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50002
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10203
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20002
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-30101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40101
Type II pantothenate kinase0001
Type III pantothenate kinase0001
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0315
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Endothelin-1 receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0314
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0112
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70112
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60213
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
Pyridoxal kinase0001
Fumarate hydratase2002
GALC protein1001
polyprotein2002
dual specificity protein phosphatase 30101
low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoform c0101
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor3003
plasminogen precursor3003
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor3003
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 isoform 10101
streptokinase A precursor0011
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Estrogen receptor0011
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha0102
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta0101
Substance-K receptor0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Trace amine-associated receptor 50011
Estrogen receptor beta0011
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0202
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Monocarboxylate transporter 40001
Monocarboxylate transporter 20001
Monocarboxylate transporter 10001
C-terminal-binding protein 20101
Monocarboxylate transporter 20101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10101
Cholinesterase0101
Cytochrome P450 2D10202
Cytochrome P450 2D260202
Cytochrome P450 2D30202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
Cholinesterase0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Cytochrome P450 2D40202
Multidrug resistance protein 1a0001
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Thrombopoietin1001
nonstructural protein 11001
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 12002
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a1001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Quinolone resistance protein NorA0102
DNA topoisomerase 10101
Chromaffin granule amine transporter0101
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter0101
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter0213
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter0101
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Chain A, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine Synthase0011
Chain B, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine Synthase0011
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein1001
Chain H, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Lambda Light Chain0011
Chain A, DODECIN0011
Chain A, DODECIN0011
Chain C, DODECIN0011
Chain E, DODECIN0011
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
tumor necrosis factor1001
Cereblon isoform 40202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
DNA-binding protein Ikaros0001
DNA damage-binding protein 10112
Protein cereblon0214
Chain A, ykoF0011
Chain B, ykoF0011
Chain A, ThiT0011
Thiamine transporter ThiT0011
Transketolase0011
Thiamine-binding periplasmic protein0011
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase0011
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase0011
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10011
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10011
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Transthyretin0102
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0011
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0011
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0022
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0022
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
Monocarboxylate transporter 80001
Bile acid receptor0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]