Page last updated: 2024-12-04

cimaterol

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	2755
CHEMBL ID	1374751
CHEBI ID	91807
SCHEMBL ID	250088
MeSH ID	M0136934

Synonyms (92)

Synonym
HMS3266O17
BRD-A65440446-001-02-5
cimaterol (usan/inn)
54239-37-1
D03502
BIO1_001388
BIO1_000410
BIO2_000782
BIO1_000899
BIO2_000302
BSPBIO_001582
IDI1_034052
NCGC00024589-02
NCGC00024589-03
(+-)-5-(1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)anthranilonitrile
benzonitrile, 2-amino-5-(1-hydroxy-2-((1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-, (+-)-
ac 263,780
ab-a 663
cimatrol
cimaterol
cl-263,780
cimaterolum [latin]
cimaterol [usan:inn]
KBIO2_002870
KBIO2_005438
KBIOSS_000302
KBIO3_000604
KBIOGR_000302
KBIO3_000603
KBIO2_000302
BCBCMAP01_000252
NCGC00024589-04
HMS2089K03
HMS1989P04
HMS1791P04
HMS1361P04
FT-0665039
2-amino-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzonitrile
A8042
NCGC00024589-05
unii-zpy8vrf0gb
zpy8vrf0gb ,
cimaterolum
dtxsid2045652 ,
tox21_110908
cas-54239-37-1
dtxcid0025652
ab-a-663
bdbm50432700
ab-a-66
ac-263780
aba-663
ab-a 66
CHEMBL1374751
cimater
benzonitrile, 2-amino-5-(1-hydroxy-2-((1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-, (+/-)-
(+/-)-5-(1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)anthranilonitrile
cimaterol [mi]
cimaterol [usan]
cimaterol [inn]
SCHEMBL250088
AKOS022653417
tox21_110908_1
NCGC00024589-06
AB01275431-01
benzonitrile, 2-amino-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-, (.+/-.)-
(.+/-.)-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]anthranilonitrile
BUXRLJCGHZZYNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-amino-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzonitrile #
2-amino-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]benzonitrile
HMS3402P04
mfcd00209815
SR-01000597648-1
sr-01000597648
CHEBI:91807
cimaterol, vetranal(tm), analytical standard
cimaterol d7
2-amino-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]benzonitrile; cl 263780; cimaterol
2-amino-5-(1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)benzonitrile
Q5120112
FT-0665040
HMS3678G13
2-amino-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzonitrile
cimaterol 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
HMS3414G13
BRD-A65440446-001-03-3
EN300-384082
cl 263780;cl-263780;cl263780
1ST1309
AS-55897
gtpl12578
Z1509141766

Research Excerpts

Treatment

Cimaterol-treatment increased dressing percentage by an average of 3%, improved conformation score (2.2 vs 4.0), and reduced subcutaneous fat score (1.7 vs 1.9, 1.3 vs 3.4) for treated and control animals. Treatment increased the cross-sectional area of the LD by 23.5% at 3 wk and by 35.6% at 6 wk (P less than .001)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cimaterol-treatment increased dressing percentage by an average of 3%, improved conformation score (2.2 vs 4.0, 3.0 vs 3.9, and 2.9 vs 3.2), and reduced subcutaneous fat score (1.7 vs 1.9, 1.3 vs 3.1, and 2.1 vs 3.4) for treated and control animals at target slaughter live weights of 275, 375, and 475 kg, respectively, but had no effect on carcass weight."	( Long-term effects of cimaterol in Friesian steers: I. Growth, feed efficiency, and selected carcass traits. Allen, P; Austin, FH; Chikhou, FH; Moloney, AP; Quirke, JF; Roche, JF, 1993)	1.33
"Cimaterol treatment increased the cross-sectional area of the LD by 23.5% at 3 wk and by 35.6% at 6 wk (P less than .001)."	( Reduced calcium-dependent proteinase activity in cimaterol-induced muscle hypertrophy in lambs. Beermann, DH; Wang, SY, 1988)	1.25
"Rats treated with cimaterol either gained less fat or actually lost fat from all tissues studied, whilst control rats gained fat."	( Effects of the beta-agonist, cimaterol, on growth, body composition and energy expenditure in rats. Sainz, RD; Wolff, JE, 1988)	0.89

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A two-compartment open model was used to describe the disappearance of CIM and the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: central compartment volume (Vc) = ."	( Analysis and pharmacokinetics of cimaterol in growing Holstein steers. Beermann, DH; Bell, AW; Boisclair, YR; Byrem, TM; Robinson, TF; Schwark, WS, 1992)	0.56

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" All samples were assayed for growth hormone (GH) and insulin, while samples taken at -4, -2, 0, +2, +4, +6 and +8 hr relative to dosing were assayed for thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol, urea, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)."	( Effects of cimaterol administration on plasma concentrations of various hormones and metabolites in Friesian steers. Austin, FH; Chikhou, F; Enright, WJ; Moloney, AP; Roche, JF, 1991)	0.67

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (2)

Class	Description
benzenes	Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
nitrile	A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (11)

Potency Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
glp-1 receptor, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0012	0.0184	6.8060	14.1254	AID743262
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	100.0000	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	7.4978	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.7781	0.5318	15.4358	37.6858	AID504845
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.9772	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.2398	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1259401
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.3322	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID743220
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0018	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1224843; AID1224895; AID1259393
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0000	0.3111	10.0000	AID739706
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0074	0.0001	0.4914	6.0000	AID739708
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0001	0.4553	10.0000	AID739704
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (42)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
diet induced thermogenesis	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transport	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome to lysosome transport	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cold	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
heat generation	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bone resorption	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagosome maturation	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipophagy	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to psychosocial stress	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
diet induced thermogenesis	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cold	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
heat generation	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
fear response	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
diet induced thermogenesis	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic process	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
generation of precursor metabolites and energy	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
energy reserve metabolic process	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cold	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
heat generation	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (18)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
amyloid-beta binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta2-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel regulator activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta1-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain binding	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta3-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-3 adrenergic receptor binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (13)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal dense core vesicle	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal dense core vesicle	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (42)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID739707	Partial agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of [3H]cAMP accumulation measured after 5 hrs relative to isoprenaline	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10	Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characterization of highly β1-selective β-adrenoceptor partial agonists.
AID739703	Agonist activity at human beta3 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of [3H]cAMP accumulation after 5 hrs relative to isoprenaline	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10	Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characterization of highly β1-selective β-adrenoceptor partial agonists.
AID739706	Agonist activity at human beta2 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of [3H]cAMP accumulation after 5 hrs	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10	Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characterization of highly β1-selective β-adrenoceptor partial agonists.
AID739708	Partial agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of [3H]cAMP accumulation after 5 hrs	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10	Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characterization of highly β1-selective β-adrenoceptor partial agonists.
AID739704	Agonist activity at human beta3 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of [3H]cAMP accumulation after 5 hrs	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10	Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characterization of highly β1-selective β-adrenoceptor partial agonists.
AID739700	Agonist activity at human beta2 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of 3H]cAMP accumulation after 5 hrs relative to isoprenaline	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10	Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characterization of highly β1-selective β-adrenoceptor partial agonists.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (84)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	21 (25.00)	18.7374
1990's	44 (52.38)	18.2507
2000's	4 (4.76)	29.6817
2010's	9 (10.71)	24.3611
2020's	6 (7.14)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.74

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	28.74 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	4.48 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.86 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	36.71 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (28.74)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (1.16%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (1.16%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	84 (97.67%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.38	1	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.38	2	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	1.97	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	3.09	5	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	1.98	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
cgp 20712a [no description available]	2.08	1	0	imidazoles
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.71	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	5.04	13	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ici 118551 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	indanes
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.38	2	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
mabuterol mabuterol: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	1.98	1	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.38	2	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	1.99	1	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	6.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	1.98	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	1.97	1	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-propylamine 2-propylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	alkylamines; primary aliphatic amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	1.98	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	1.99	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.13	1	0	dihydrogen
tertatolol tertatolol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	thiochromane
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	1.99	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
ractopamine ractopamine: veterinary growth stimulant. ractopamine : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.. 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group.	1.97	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	2.66	3	0	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	1.99	1	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
cyanopindolol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	indoles
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.08	1	0	morpholines
mibolerone mibolerone: prevents estrus in animals & prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis; minor descriptor (80-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NANDROLONE/AA (80-83); RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure. mibolerone : An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	1.98	1	0
brl 37344 BRL 37344: SB 206606 is the (R,R)-isomer	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	1.98	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	8.07	5	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	1.98	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	2.89	4	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.97	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.25	1
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	3.59	9
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.41	2
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.84	12
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.67	3
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	7.67	3
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	1.98	1
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	6.98	1
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	1.98	1
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	1.98	1
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	6.97	1
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	1.97	1
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	1.97	1
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	1.97	1
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	1.97	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	1.97	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.97	1
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.37	2

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