Target type: biologicalprocess
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GO_REF:0000021]
Anatomical structure development is a complex and intricate biological process that involves the coordinated action of various cellular and molecular mechanisms. It begins with the differentiation of cells from the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These cells interact with each other and with the extracellular matrix to form tissues and organs. The development of specific anatomical structures is governed by a complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors, including transcription factors, signaling pathways, and cell-cell interactions. During development, cells undergo a series of coordinated processes, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. These processes are regulated by signaling molecules, such as growth factors, morphogens, and hormones. The development of anatomical structures is also influenced by mechanical forces, such as tension and compression. The proper formation of anatomical structures is essential for the normal functioning of the organism. Defects in anatomical structure development can lead to a variety of congenital anomalies and diseases.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Eyes absent homolog 3 | An eyes absent homolog 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q99504] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha | A retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P19793] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha | A hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P41235] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 | A nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P49116] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 | A nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y466] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta | A retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P28702] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma | A retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P48443] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Eyes absent homolog 2 | An eyes absent homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00167] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| benzbromarone | benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication. Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout. | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone | uricosuric drug |
| beta-glycerophosphoric acid | beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position. | glycerol monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| domperidone | domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms. | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist |
| lg 100268 | LG 100268: a retinoid X receptor (RXR) selective compound; structure given in first source | ||
| oxaprozin | oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE. | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| propafenone | propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. | aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| propranolol | propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs. | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| sodium fluoride | fluoride salt | mutagen | |
| pirinixic acid | pirinixic acid: structure | aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines | |
| 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid | tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. | ||
| thyroxine | thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine; thyroxine zwitterion | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| edetic acid | Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| benziodarone | benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74) | aromatic ketone | |
| Berberine chloride (TN) | organic molecular entity | ||
| dexpropranolol | propranolol | ||
| r 6597 | 2-nitronaphtho(2,1-b)furan: structure given in first source | ||
| 2-nitro-7-methoxynaphtho(2-1b)furan | 2-nitro-7-methoxynaphtho(2-1b)furan: structure given in first source | ||
| 2-nitro-8-methoxynaphtho(2,1-b)furan | |||
| pioglitazone hydrochloride | aromatic ether | ||
| tetraiodothyroacetic acid | 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'. tetraiodothyroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2-halophenol; aromatic ether; iodophenol; monocarboxylic acid | apoptosis inducer; human metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| aminoquinuride | |||
| honokiol | biphenyls | ||
| bexarotene | benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid | antineoplastic agent | |
| dehydroabietic acid | dehydroabietate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dehydroabietic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. dehydroabietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group. dehydroabietic acid: major aquatic toxicant in effluent of pulp and paper mills | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid | allergen; metabolite |
| tryptoline | tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | beta-carbolines | |
| tadalafil | benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent | |
| sr 11237 | SR 11237: structure given in first source | ||
| hx 600 | HX 600: structure given in first source | ||
| 6-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6-naphthyl)-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid | 6-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6-naphthyl)-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid: reverses keratinization process in hamster tracheal organ culture; inhibits induction of ornithine decarboxylase; structure & RN given in first source; RN not in Chemline 12/5/83 | ||
| n-desisopropylpropranolol | N-desisopropylpropranolol: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| benzarone | benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure | 1-benzofurans | |
| isopimaric acid | isopimaric acid: isolated from the bark of Illicium jadifengpi | carbotricyclic compound; diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid | |
| tretinoin | all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE). | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| docosahexaenoate | all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds. efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement | docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| eicosapentaenoic acid | all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds. | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| gw 3965 | GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand | diarylmethane | |
| t0901317 | T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist | ||
| alitretinoin | Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist |
| sulindac | sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects. | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| sr 11217 | SR 11217: structure given in first source | ||
| bigelovin | bigelovin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 4a and 8, a methylidene group at position 3 and an acetoxy group at position 4. Isolated from Inula hupehensis, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. bigelovin: a potent cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone from Inula sp.; structure given in first source; RN refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,4abeta,7aalpha,8alpha,9abeta))-isomer | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
| calcitriol | dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| clothiapine | maleate salt | ||
| nk 104 | pitavastatin calcium : The calcium salt of pitavastatin. Used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | calcium salt; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
| lg 100567 | ALRT 1550: ALRT1550 is (2E,4E,6E)-isomer; LG100567 is (2E,4E,6Z)-isomer; structure given in first source | ||
| fenretinide | 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent. | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |
| 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid | 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR). | benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor agonist; teratogenic agent |
| (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid | (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers. | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound | |
| agn 191659 | AGN 191659: a retinoid x receptor pan-agonist; structure in first source | ||
| agn 191701 | AGN 191701: retinoid X receptors agonist; RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source | ||
| pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione | pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione: steroid from guggulu extract; RN & N1 from C1 Form index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source; antagonist of farnesoid X receptor | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
| valerenic acid | valerenic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl group. A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant. valerenic acid: a saturated oplopanone type indene from Valeriana officinalis | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; sesquiterpenoid | GABA modulator; plant metabolite; sedative; volatile oil component |
| lg100754 | LG 100754: retinoic acid receptors antagonist & agonist; a mixed function retinoid whose activity is dimer-selective; structure given in first source | ||
| lg 1506 | |||
| nrx 194204 | IRX4204: retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist; structure in first source | ||
| agn 194204 | AGN 194204: a retinoid X receptor ligand; structure in first source | ||
| fr 148083 | 5Z-7-oxozeaenol : A macrolide that is the 7-oxo derivative of zeaenol (the 5Z stereoisomer). Isolated from Fungi, it exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial and inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB. | aromatic ether; macrolide; phenols; secondary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| bms453 | BMS 189453: structure in first source BMS-453 : A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer). It is a potent retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARbeta) agonist that acts as an antagonist against RARalpha and RARgamma. | benzoic acids; dihydronaphthalenes; stilbenoid | retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist; retinoic acid receptor beta agonist; retinoic acid receptor gamma antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| hx 630 | HX 630: a retinoid X receptor ligand that functions as both an RAR synergist and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma synergist; structure in first source | ||
| uab 30 | |||
| hypothemycin | hypothemycin : A macrolide that is isolated from the cultured broth of Hypomyces subiculosus and shows antifungal activity and inhibits the growth of some human cancer cells. hypothemycin: a resorcylic acid lactone antibiotic; antifungal metabolite from Hypomyces trichothecoides | aromatic ether; diol; enone; epoxide; macrolide; phenols; polyketide; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| sr 11302 | SR 11302: structure given in first source SR11302 : A retinoid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the methyl group at position 9 is replaced by a 4-methylphenyl group. It is an inhibitor of activator protein-1 which exhibits antitumour effects in vivo. | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid; toluenes | antineoplastic agent; AP-1 antagonist |
| 6-hydroxybenzbromarone | 6-hydroxybenzbromarone: metabolite M2 of benzbromarone | ||
| tak 285 | N-(2-(4-((3-chloro-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)amino)-5H-pyrrolo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide: also inhibits HER2; structure in first source | ||
| bms 687453 | |||
| way 252623 | 2-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indazole: a partial LXR agonist | ||
| [5-fluoro-1-(4-isopropylbenzylidene)-2-methylinden-3-yl]acetic acid | [5-fluoro-1-(4-isopropylbenzylidene)-2-methylinden-3-yl]acetic acid : A sulindac-based non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. K-80003: sulindac derivative that inhibits activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) by retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) in tumor cells | organofluorine compound | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-1h-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid | 1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-1H-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid: a partial RXR agonist; structure in first source |