Compounds > 2-tert-butyl-4-quinone
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

2-tert-butyl-4-quinone

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

2-tert-butyl-4-quinone, also known as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, is an organic compound that has been studied for its potential as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. It is a derivative of quinone and is characterized by its two tert-butyl groups and a methyl group at the 4-position. The compound is synthesized via various methods, including the oxidation of the corresponding hydroquinone. Research interest in 2-tert-butyl-4-quinone stems from its ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent oxidative damage to cells. This property makes it a potential candidate for applications in medicine, cosmetics, and food preservation. Studies have investigated its efficacy in protecting against various health conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, further research is required to fully understand its safety and efficacy for human use.'

2-tert-butyl-4-quinone: a metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole ; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID19211
CHEMBL ID2252966
SCHEMBL ID49453
MeSH IDM0146017

Synonyms (54)

Synonym
AKOS015837829
nsc124503
2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone
2-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone
p-benzoquinone, 2-tert-butyl-
tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone
tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone
tert-butylbenzoquinone
2,4-dione, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
nsc-124503
tert-butylquinone
3602-55-9
2-tert-butyl-4-quinone
2,5-cyclohexadien-1,4-dione, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
brn 1860944
2-tert-butyl-p-quinone
nsc 124503
einecs 222-757-8
2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1,4-dione
ccris 1263
2-tert-butyl quinone
2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
t-butylquinone
2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
tert-butyl-p-quinone
2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 98%
B1984 ,
2-tert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
inchi=1/c10h12o2/c1-10(2,3)8-6-7(11)4-5-9(8)12/h4-6h,1-3h3
ncctvajnfxywtm-uhfffaoysa-
A823099
unii-f18qt8490s
f18qt8490s ,
FT-0634926
SCHEMBL49453
CHEMBL2252966 ,
t-butylbenzoquinone
tertbutyl-p-benzoquinone
2-tert-butylbenzo-1,4-quinone #
p-benzoquinone, tert-butyl-
W-106644
DTXSID70189593
mfcd00666928
AS-59793
tertiary butylhydro-quinone
2-tert-butyl-[1,4]benzoquinone
D70553
Q27277500
bdbm50523231
HY-W017187
CS-W017903
EN300-6504866
SY052740
PD195618

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Death of the seemingly untreated neighboring cells was caused by the more toxic and volatile tBHQ oxidation product tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (tBQ) present at up to 3 μg/ml in the untreated neighboring wells."( Paradoxical cytotoxicity of tert-butylhydroquinone in vitro: What kills the untreated cells?
Braeuning, A; Orsetti, S; Schwarz, M; Vetter, S, 2012)		0.38
" Both TBQ and TBE are cytotoxic, but their toxic mechanisms have not been fully characterized."( Protective roles of aldo-keto reductase 1B10 and autophagy against toxicity induced by p-quinone metabolites of tert-butylhydroquinone in lung cancer A549 cells.
Bunai, Y; Chen, H; El-Kabbani, O; Endo, S; Hara, A; Ikari, A; Matsunaga, T; Nishiyama, A; Soda, M; Suyama, M; Tajima, K; Takemura, M, 2015)		0.42
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Schistosoma mansoniIC50 (µMol)768.00000.01901.94088.8000AID1592257
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (59)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1254014Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310607Induction of apoptosis in human HaCaT cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 0.2%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1254013Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310598Induction of apoptosis in human NCI-H460 cells assessed as live cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 98.3%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1253987Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1592258Inhibition of human DHODH using DHO as substrate measured at 4 secs interval for 60 secs by DCIP reduction based indirect assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Ligand-based design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of potent and selective inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.
AID1254007Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310573Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1310605Induction of apoptosis in multidrug resistant human NCI-H460 cells assessed as dead cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 1.5%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1374920Growth inhibition of human A2780cis cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 28, Issue:7
The synthesis and evaluation of thymoquinone analogues as anti-ovarian cancer and antimalarial agents.
AID1374928Growth inhibition of SV-40 immortalized human ovarian epithelial cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 28, Issue:7
The synthesis and evaluation of thymoquinone analogues as anti-ovarian cancer and antimalarial agents.
AID1310608Induction of apoptosis in human HaCaT cells assessed as late apoptotic/necrotic cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 0.2%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1310609Induction of apoptosis in human HaCaT cells assessed as dead cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 2.8%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1254017Antifungal activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1253988Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1230965Activation of Nrf2 in human HepG2-ARE-C8 cells assessed as upregulation of ARE level at 80 uM after 12 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Discovery and Modification of in Vivo Active Nrf2 Activators with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Core: Hits Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
AID1253989Cytotoxicity against human Fem-X cells assessed as cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1254009Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310602Induction of apoptosis in multidrug resistant human NCI-H460 cells assessed as live cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 96.4%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1310574Cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1230959Activation of Nrf2 in human HepG2-ARE-C8 cells assessed as upregulation of ARE level at 20 uM after 12 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Discovery and Modification of in Vivo Active Nrf2 Activators with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Core: Hits Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
AID1254015Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1254010Antibacterial activity against Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 19404 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310585Induction of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization in human HaCaT cells at 25 uM after 15 mins by JC1-staining-based flow cytometric analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1254008Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1091096Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 3 days post compound exposure2008Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11
Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1374918Growth inhibition of human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 28, Issue:7
The synthesis and evaluation of thymoquinone analogues as anti-ovarian cancer and antimalarial agents.
AID1253991Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-453 cells assessed as cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1254011Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310575Cytotoxicity against human HaCaT cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1310610Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion radical scavenging after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1230962Activation of Nrf2 in human HepG2-ARE-C8 cells assessed as upregulation of ARE level at 0.02 uM after 12 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Discovery and Modification of in Vivo Active Nrf2 Activators with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Core: Hits Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
AID1310604Induction of apoptosis in multidrug resistant human NCI-H460 cells assessed as late apoptotic/necrotic cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 1%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1592252Inhibition of Schistosoma mansoni DHODH assessed as remaining enzyme activity at 500 uM using DHO as substrate measured at 4 secs interval for 60 secs by DCIP reduction based indirect assay relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Ligand-based design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of potent and selective inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.
AID1253992Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310603Induction of apoptosis in multidrug resistant human NCI-H460 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 1.1%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1254005Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1254018Cytotoxicity in Brine shrimp assessed as nauplii mortality after 24 hrs2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1091094Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 21 days post compound exposure2008Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11
Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1310601Induction of apoptosis in human NCI-H460 cells assessed as dead cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 1.2%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1592257Inhibition of Schistosoma mansoni DHODH using DHO as substrate measured at 4 secs interval for 60 secs by DCIP reduction based indirect assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Ligand-based design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of potent and selective inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.
AID1091127Antifeedant activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption measured 21 days post compound exposure (Rvb = 85 +/- 15.1 mg)2008Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11
Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1310606Induction of apoptosis in human HaCaT cells assessed as live cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 96.8%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1091095Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 11 days post compound exposure2008Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11
Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1230961Activation of Nrf2 in human HepG2-ARE-C8 cells assessed as upregulation of ARE level at 0.2 uM after 12 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Discovery and Modification of in Vivo Active Nrf2 Activators with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Core: Hits Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
AID1230963Activation of Nrf2 in human HepG2-ARE-C8 cells assessed as upregulation of ARE level at 2 uM after 12 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Discovery and Modification of in Vivo Active Nrf2 Activators with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Core: Hits Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
AID1310584Induction of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization in multidrug resistant human NCI-H460 cells at 25 uM after 15 mins by JC1-staining-based flow cytometric analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1254006Antibacterial activity against Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1374921Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for SV-40 immortalized human ovarian epithelial cells to IC50 for human A2780cis cells2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 28, Issue:7
The synthesis and evaluation of thymoquinone analogues as anti-ovarian cancer and antimalarial agents.
AID1230966Activation of Nrf2 in human HepG2-ARE-C8 cells assessed as upregulation of ARE level at 160 uM after 12 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Discovery and Modification of in Vivo Active Nrf2 Activators with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Core: Hits Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
AID1310583Induction of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization in human NCI-H460 cells at 25 uM after 15 mins by JC1-staining-based flow cytometric analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1374919Growth inhibition of human OVCAR8 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 28, Issue:7
The synthesis and evaluation of thymoquinone analogues as anti-ovarian cancer and antimalarial agents.
AID1310600Induction of apoptosis in human NCI-H460 cells assessed as late apoptotic/necrotic cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 0.2%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1374922Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 by SYBR Green I fluorescence assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 28, Issue:7
The synthesis and evaluation of thymoquinone analogues as anti-ovarian cancer and antimalarial agents.
AID1253990Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1310599Induction of apoptosis in human NCI-H460 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 25 uM after 72 hrs by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 0.3%)2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 118Simple avarone mimetics as selective agents against multidrug resistant cancer cells.
AID1254012Antibacterial activity against Proteus hauseri ATCC 13315 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1254016Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 after 24 hrs by microbroth double dilution method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound.
AID1230964Activation of Nrf2 in human HepG2-ARE-C8 cells assessed as upregulation of ARE level at 40 uM after 12 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Discovery and Modification of in Vivo Active Nrf2 Activators with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Core: Hits Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Study.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (29)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19903 (10.34)18.7374
1990's8 (27.59)18.2507
2000's3 (10.34)29.6817
2010's13 (44.83)24.3611
2020's2 (6.90)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.64

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.64 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.43 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.08 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.64)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other30 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		2.11106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		1.9710sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		1.9710monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0210phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.1710aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone: ubiquinol analog. 6-decylubiquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinonescofactor
embelin
embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.		2.0410dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonesantimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
idebenone
[no description available]		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
juglone
juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.		1.9710hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonegeroprotector;
herbicide;
reactive oxygen species generator
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.1110benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
lapachol
lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.		2.2110
ubiquinone q1
Ubiquinone Q1: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex. ubiquinone-1 : A compound composed of the standard 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone nucleus common to ubiquinones; and a side chain of a single isoprenoid unit.		2.0410ubiquinones
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		3.16501,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		1.9710barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.1110naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
aniline
[no description available]		1.9810anilines;
primary arylamine
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		2.0210alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
lawsone
lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.		2.2110
2-methyl-1,4-hydroquinone
2-methyl-1,4-hydroquinone: structure given in first source. toluquinol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is hydroquinone in which one of the benzene hydrogens has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.1710hydroquinonesangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
Penicillium metabolite
2,4-di-tert-butylphenol
2,4-di-tert-butylphenol: structure given in first source. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying two tert-butyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.		2.0510alkylbenzene;
phenols		antioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite
methylaniline
methylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylaniline : A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions.		1.9810methylaniline;
phenylalkylamine;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0210furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
dichlone
dichlone: structure		1.9710
3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole : An aromatic ether that is 4-methoxyphenol in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a tert-butyl group.		2.3820aromatic ether;
phenols		antioxidant;
human xenobiotic metabolite
1,4-naphthoquinone
naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties.		2.42201,4-naphthoquinones
2,5-dimethyl-4-benzoquinone
[no description available]		2.0410
ethyl acrylate
[no description available]		1.9710enoate ester
thymoquinone
thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.		2.49201,4-benzoquinonesadjuvant;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite
1,2-naphthoquinone
naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.		2.13101,2-naphthoquinonesaryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone
cresoquinone: no further information available 6/2003		2.830
2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone
2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone: Vitamin K dependent carboxylase antagonist		2.21101,4-naphthoquinones;
organochlorine compound
2-tert-butylhydroquinone
2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.		3.82110hydroquinonesfood antioxidant
2,5-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone
[no description available]		2.5920benzoquinones;
p-quinones
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		1.9710acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
dibromothymoquinone
Dibromothymoquinone: At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory activity.		2.17101,4-benzoquinonescytochrome-b6f complex inhibitor
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.1710taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		2.5220alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
brequinar
brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.		2.2110biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone
[no description available]		2.1710
2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone
2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source		2.0410
ubiquinone-o
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone: from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata; structure in first source. ubiquinone-0 : A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds.		2.0410ubiquinonesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
avarone
avarone: antileukemic agent; isolated from Dysidea avara		2.5220
alpha-lapachone
alpha-lapachone: structure in first source		2.2110organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		2.2110hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
hydrolapachol
hydrolapachol: inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain		2.2110
primin
primin: contact allergen found in the ornamental plant Primula obconica Hance. primin : A 1,4-benzoquinone having a methoxy substituent at the 2-position and a pentyl substituent at the 6-position.		2.04101,4-benzoquinonesallergen;
antifeedant;
antimicrobial agent;
hapten;
metabolite
thymohydroquinone
thymohydroquinone: structure		2.1710
daq
[no description available]		2.1710
hexylglutathione
S-hexylglutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9).		1.9710S-substituted glutathione
rapanone
rapanone: antiparasitic agent from Rapanea; structure similar to embelin		2.0410dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones
dimethyl fumarate
[no description available]		2.1110diester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		1.98102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
nadp
[no description available]		1.9710
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.4220
ubiquinone q2
Ubiquinone Q2: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0410ubiquinones
ubiquinone 9
ubiquinone 9: a form of coenzyme Q found in many foods; RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer		2.0410ubiquinonesantioxidant;
human metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		1.9710
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0410ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
ubiquinone 6
[no description available]		2.0410ubiquinonesSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.0210chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		2.5220nystatins
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		1.9710organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		1.9710inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
teriflunomide
[no description available]		2.2110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic amide;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		drug metabolite;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.1110
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		1.9710nitroso compoundalkylating agent
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.1710
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.1710
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		02.2110
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		02.2110
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.1110
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.1110
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0110
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		02.0110
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0110
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		01.9710