thyroxine and Thyroiditis studies

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Thyroiditis: Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) resulting from destructive thyroiditis (type 2) is commonly treated with glucocorticoids, but time needed to restore euthyroidism may be unacceptable for patients with underlying cardiac disorders."	9.12	Glucocorticoid response in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroiditis is predicted by thyroid volume and serum free thyroid hormone concentrations. ( Aghini-Lombardi, F; Bartalena, L; Bogazzi, F; Dell'Unto, E; Martino, E; Rossi, G; Tanda, ML; Tomisti, L, 2007)
"The present data indicate that in marginally iodine-deficient areas, the administration of iodide is recommended in pregnancy and lactation."	9.10	Comparison of two different doses of iodide in the prevention of gestational goiter in marginal iodine deficiency: a longitudinal study. ( Aghini-Lombardi, F; Antonangeli, L; Cavaliere, R; Di Giulio, C; Maccherini, D; Pinchera, A; Reinhardt, B, 2002)
"Levothyroxine (LT4) has been considered the standard of care for treatment of hypothyroidism."	8.12	Optimal levothyroxine dose to achieve euthyroidism in patients with primary hypothyroidism: analysis according to etiology. ( Feldman, R; Mancinelli, L; Paladini, L; Pellizzón, NA; Pustilnik, E; Ramírez Stieben, LA; Schwarzstein, D, 2022)
" However, its prevalence remains unknown and it is still unclear whether SN-CAT behaves differently in terms of L-thyroxine (LT4) substitution treatment of hypothyroidism."	7.96	Compared with classic Hashimoto's thyroiditis, chronic autoimmune serum-negative thyroiditis requires a lower substitution dose of L-thyroxine to correct hypothyroidism. ( Bendotti, G; Cappelli, C; Chiovato, L; Coperchini, F; Croce, L; De Martinis, L; Dito, G; Latrofa, F; Magri, F; Pasquali, D; Pinto, S; Rotondi, M, 2020)
"In order to differentiate silent thyroiditis (SLT) from Graves' disease, the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of iodine was evaluated in this study."	7.69	[Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of iodine in differentiating silent thyroiditis from Graves' disease]. ( Iino, S; Ito, K; Momotani, N; Sugimoto, T, 1994)
"Optimal daily levothyroxine (LT4) dosage is reported to be significantly smaller in the elderly with primary hypothyroidism when compared with their younger counterparts."	7.69	Influence of age on optimal daily levothyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism grouped according to etiology. ( Kabadi, UM, 1997)
"To explore whether lithium-induced hypothyroidism is related to an exacerbation of underlying autoimmune processes such as thyroiditis, the authors comprehensively assessed thyroid function in 16 manic-depressive patients."	7.67	Autoimmune thyroiditis in manic-depressive patients treated with lithium. ( Calabrese, JR; Gold, PW; Gulledge, AD; Gupta, MK; Hahn, K; Kotz, M; Krupp, N; Schumacher, OP; Skwerer, R, 1985)
"The effects of dietary thyroxine (T4) supplementation for specific periods on the early development of the primary lymphoid organs and spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) was examined in the Obese (OS) strain of chicken."	7.67	Differential effects of thyroxine on immune development and autoimmune thyroiditis in the obese strain chicken. ( Gause, WC; Marsh, JA, 1985)
"Serum thyroglobulin (Tg), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured in sera from selected patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and with subacute thyroiditis."	7.66	Correlation of sequential changes in serum thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine in patients with Graves' disease and subacute thyroiditis. ( Izumi, M; Larsen, PR, 1978)
"Patients with a preexisting thyroiditis may be particularly susceptible to a rapid onset of lithium-induced hypothyroidism."	7.66	Lithium-induced hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. ( Berchou, R; Gupta, BK; Pohl, RB, 1979)
"Overt hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), affects approximately 0."	5.41	Hyperthyroidism: A Review. ( Lee, SY; Pearce, EN, 2023)
"Treatment with tamoxifen led to a significant subjective improvement and objective changes, confirmed by regular clinical examinations, ultrasonography, and computed tomography of the neck."	5.32	Riedel's thyroiditis treated with tamoxifen. ( Dabelic, N; Jukic, T; Kusic, Z; Labar, Z; Matesa, N; Novosel, SA, 2003)
"Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare fibro-inflammatory process originating in the thyroid gland with progressive extension and invasion of surrounding tissues."	5.30	Riedel's thyroiditis presenting with hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism: dramatic response to glucocorticoid and thyroxine therapy. ( Cha, I; Greenspan, FS; Lo, JC; Loh, KC; Rubin, AL, 1998)
"Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) resulting from destructive thyroiditis (type 2) is commonly treated with glucocorticoids, but time needed to restore euthyroidism may be unacceptable for patients with underlying cardiac disorders."	5.12	Glucocorticoid response in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroiditis is predicted by thyroid volume and serum free thyroid hormone concentrations. ( Aghini-Lombardi, F; Bartalena, L; Bogazzi, F; Dell'Unto, E; Martino, E; Rossi, G; Tanda, ML; Tomisti, L, 2007)
"The present data indicate that in marginally iodine-deficient areas, the administration of iodide is recommended in pregnancy and lactation."	5.10	Comparison of two different doses of iodide in the prevention of gestational goiter in marginal iodine deficiency: a longitudinal study. ( Aghini-Lombardi, F; Antonangeli, L; Cavaliere, R; Di Giulio, C; Maccherini, D; Pinchera, A; Reinhardt, B, 2002)
"Levothyroxine (LT4) has been considered the standard of care for treatment of hypothyroidism."	4.12	Optimal levothyroxine dose to achieve euthyroidism in patients with primary hypothyroidism: analysis according to etiology. ( Feldman, R; Mancinelli, L; Paladini, L; Pellizzón, NA; Pustilnik, E; Ramírez Stieben, LA; Schwarzstein, D, 2022)
" However, its prevalence remains unknown and it is still unclear whether SN-CAT behaves differently in terms of L-thyroxine (LT4) substitution treatment of hypothyroidism."	3.96	Compared with classic Hashimoto's thyroiditis, chronic autoimmune serum-negative thyroiditis requires a lower substitution dose of L-thyroxine to correct hypothyroidism. ( Bendotti, G; Cappelli, C; Chiovato, L; Coperchini, F; Croce, L; De Martinis, L; Dito, G; Latrofa, F; Magri, F; Pasquali, D; Pinto, S; Rotondi, M, 2020)
"Thyroxine replacement following a hemithyroidectomy is not commonly discussed during consent for the procedure as the risk of hypothyroidism is perceived to be low."	3.91	Predictors of thyroxine replacement following hemithyroidectomy in a south east Asian cohort. ( Ho, C; Lim, CM; Ng, P; Nga, ME; Ngiam, KY; Parameswaran, R; Tan, WB; Thomas Loh, KS, 2019)
" Thyroid indices while maintained on levothyroxine were normal, but marked asymptomatic hypocalcemia with an inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone level was noted."	3.81	Early Hypoparathyroidism Reversibility with Treatment of Riedel's Thyroiditis. ( Drake, MT; Haglind, EG; Stan, MN, 2015)
"The acute onset of severe thyroid pain, rapid increase in serum Free Thyroxine Index, and thyroglobulin concentrations with a triiodothyronine to free thyroxine index ratio of < 20 to 1 were compatible with an acute onset destructive thyroiditis, likely related to direct toxicity from the iodinated contrast material."	3.77	Acute thyrotoxicosis secondary to destructive thyroiditis associated with cardiac catheterization contrast dye. ( Calvi, L; Daniels, GH, 2011)
" He improved rapidly but went on to develop hypothyroidism on follow-up and required levothyroxine replacement."	3.75	An uncommon endocrine cause of pyrexia of unknown origin. ( Alexander, V; Chattopadhyay, A; Kurien, TT, 2009)
" Three months later hypothyroidism was observed requiring treatment with levothyroxine."	3.71	[Subacute thyroiditis with cell destruction and temporary hyperthyroidism in Graves'disease--case report]. ( Bogner, S; Maschek, W; Pichler, R; Shamiyeh, A; Sulzbacher, H; Wölfl, S, 2002)
"A comparison of triiodothyronine and thyroxin binding to red blood cells sampled from children and adolescents with such thyroid pathologies as cancer, adenoma, nodular goiter and thyroiditis, on the one hand, and healthy children, on the other, has established significant changes in the hormone-binding activity of erythrocytes in thyroid cancer patients."	3.71	[Triiodothyronine and thyroxin binding to red blood cells in children and adolescents with thyroid cancer]. ( Demidchik, IuE; Fedorovich, EI, 2002)
"In women with hypothyroidism, levothyroxine (LT) requirements after delivery are assumed to return to prepregnancy values."	3.70	Postpartum thyroiditis in women with hypothyroidism antedating pregnancy? ( Albareda, M; Caixàs, A; Corcoy, R; de Leiva, A; García-Patterson, A; Rodríguez-Espinosa, J, 1999)
" Levels of sCD27 were normal after the establishment of euthyroidism with propylthiouracil (PTU) or radio iodine in primary hypothyroidism, chronic thyroiditis, and the hyperthyroid and euthyroid phases of subacute thyroiditis."	3.70	Soluble CD27 in thyroid disorders. ( Kallio, P; Murphy, ED, 1998)
" With the diagnosis of silent thyroiditis, he was treated with propranolol."	3.70	Silent thyroiditis after excision of a thymoma. ( Ishida, T; Murao, S; Sato, M; Takahara, J; Yoshinouchi, T, 1998)
" Six experiments were done: 1, definition of positive results for TgAA using samples from normal and T3 autoantibody (T3AA) positive dogs; 2, establishment of prevalence of positive results in 91 clinically normal dogs; 3, evaluation of positive results for sera from dogs with nonthyroidal illnesses; 4, testing of samples from dogs with primary hypothyroidism but absence of T4AA or T3AA, or both; 5, determination of prevalence of false-negative results in dogs that are T4AA and/or T3AA positive, which were (18 dogs) or were not (22 dogs) receiving L-thyroxine replacement therapy; and 6, examination of thyroid biopsy specimens from 18 dogs (8 TgAA positive and 10 TgAA negative)."	3.70	Prevalence of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin in dogs with nonthyroidal illness. ( Graham, PA; Hauptman, J; Nachreiner, RF; Refsal, KR; Watson, GL, 1998)
"Optimal daily levothyroxine (LT4) dosage is reported to be significantly smaller in the elderly with primary hypothyroidism when compared with their younger counterparts."	3.69	Influence of age on optimal daily levothyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism grouped according to etiology. ( Kabadi, UM, 1997)
"In order to differentiate silent thyroiditis (SLT) from Graves' disease, the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of iodine was evaluated in this study."	3.69	[Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of iodine in differentiating silent thyroiditis from Graves' disease]. ( Iino, S; Ito, K; Momotani, N; Sugimoto, T, 1994)
"Three women are described from a study of patients with postpartum thyroiditis whose sera gave spuriously increased concentrations of free thyroid hormone because of antibody binding of radiolabeled thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) analogs."	3.68	Interference in thyroid-function tests in postpartum thyroiditis. ( Hall, R; John, R; Lazarus, JH; Othman, S; Parkes, AB, 1991)
" We have seen transient increases in total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine index (FTI), free thyroxine (FT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) in 12 women and 3 men with subacute thyroiditis and 2 women with painless (silent) postpartum thyroiditis."	3.68	[Elevated thyroid hormone levels in the absence of hyperactivity]. ( Feigl, D; Nakash, I; Tuval, M, 1992)
"To explore whether lithium-induced hypothyroidism is related to an exacerbation of underlying autoimmune processes such as thyroiditis, the authors comprehensively assessed thyroid function in 16 manic-depressive patients."	3.67	Autoimmune thyroiditis in manic-depressive patients treated with lithium. ( Calabrese, JR; Gold, PW; Gulledge, AD; Gupta, MK; Hahn, K; Kotz, M; Krupp, N; Schumacher, OP; Skwerer, R, 1985)
"Blood and plasma viscosity was measured in 13 patients with hypothyroidism before and during replacement therapy with l-thyroxine."	3.67	Reversal of increased whole blood and plasma viscosity after treatment of hypothyroidism in man. ( Hedner, P; Larsson, H; Odeberg, H; Valdemarsson, S, 1985)
" Each of these nine patients with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis had normal baseline serum thyrotropin concentrations and normal thyroid function (as assessed by T4, T3 uptake, and free thyroxine index)."	3.67	Antithyroid antibodies in depressed patients. ( Evans, DL; Haggerty, JJ; Nemeroff, CB; Simon, JS, 1985)
"The effects of dietary thyroxine (T4) supplementation for specific periods on the early development of the primary lymphoid organs and spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) was examined in the Obese (OS) strain of chicken."	3.67	Differential effects of thyroxine on immune development and autoimmune thyroiditis in the obese strain chicken. ( Gause, WC; Marsh, JA, 1985)
"In 20 out of 94 cases of selected patients suffering from various thyroid diseases antibodies against thyroxine and trijodthyronine were detected."	3.66	[Determination of thyroid hormone antibodies and their clinical relevance (author's transl)]. ( Federlin, K; Grebe, S; Helmke, K; Mäser, E; Teuber, J, 1981)
"Measurement of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroxine-binding-globulin (TGB), antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-hTg), thyroid 131I uptake and scanning was performed on 12 patients during the early phase of subacute thyroiditis."	3.66	Alteration of thyroid function in the early stage of subacute thyroiditis. ( Arras, ML; Campus, S; Casu, AR; Costanza, C; Langer, M; Madeddu, G, 1980)
"Evaluation of the thyroid iodine content by x-ray fluorescence was performed in 13 patients throughout the course of subacute thyroiditis."	3.66	Evolution of thyroid 127I stores measured by X-ray fluorescence in subacute thyroiditis. ( Fragu, P; Rougier, P; Schlumberger, M; Tubiana, M, 1982)
"3 mg/day) on spontaneously occurring thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAA) and on serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) are described in a boy with lymphocytic thyroiditis."	3.66	Effects and clinical significance of exogenous thyroxine therapy in patients with circulating thyroid hormone autoantibodies. ( Premachandra, BN; Walfish, PG, 1982)
"001) but not in patients with hypothyroidism (38 +/- 3, n = 3) or thyroiditis (26, n = 1), and was positively correlated in 23 patients with serum thyroxine concentration (r = 0."	3.66	Elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in hyperthyroidism. ( Friedland, J; Schussler, GC; Silverstein, E, 1983)
"We present a patient with hypothyroidism secondary to Riedel's struma, treated with thyroxine and prednisolone, who developed clinical and radiological features of a unilateral orbital pseudotumour with lacrimal gland involvement; the histology of which was indistinguishable from that of the thyroid gland."	3.66	Orbital pseudotumour and lacrimal involvement developing in a patient with Riedel's struma receiving steroids. ( Gostelow, B; Melsom, R; Wilmshurst, P, 1981)
" Except for asymptomatic bacteriuria in one patient (who remained febrile despite appropriate antibiotic therapy) infection was ruled out in all cases, and fever was attributed to "masked" thyrotoxicosis, triiodothyronine (T3) toxicosis, subacute thyroiditis, primary adrenal insufficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency and pheochromocytoma."	3.66	Hormonal hyperthermia: endocrinologic causes of fever. ( Daniels, GH; Simon, HB, 1979)
"Two patients with post-partum transient thyrotoxicosis associated with painless thyroiditis and low radioactive iodine uptake were described."	3.66	Post-partum transient thyrotoxicosis: report of two cases. ( Imura, H; Inada, M; Kurata, S; Nishikawa, M; Oishi, M, 1979)
"Serum thyroglobulin (Tg), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured in sera from selected patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and with subacute thyroiditis."	3.66	Correlation of sequential changes in serum thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine in patients with Graves' disease and subacute thyroiditis. ( Izumi, M; Larsen, PR, 1978)
"Patients with a preexisting thyroiditis may be particularly susceptible to a rapid onset of lithium-induced hypothyroidism."	3.66	Lithium-induced hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. ( Berchou, R; Gupta, BK; Pohl, RB, 1979)
"Serial measurements of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (TSH), and 4-hr thyroidal 131I uptake were carried out in nine patients with subacute thyroiditis."	3.65	Permissive role of thyrotropin on thyroid radioiodine uptake during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis. ( Fukuda, H; Kamio, N; Kobayashi, I; Mori, M; Uehara, T, 1977)
"Amiodarone may cause amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH) or amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT)."	2.82	AMIODARONE AND THYROID DYSFUNCTION. ( Alfirević, M; Bakula, M; Marić, N; Medić, F; Mucić, K, 2022)
"Biphasic thyroiditis was over 8-fold more common among women than men using multivariate logistic regression analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 8."	2.77	Phenotypes of interferon-α-induced thyroid dysfunction among patients treated for hepatitis C are associated with pretreatment serum TSH and female sex. ( Ghazarian, SR; Ladenson, PW; Mammen, JS; Pulkstenis, E; Rosen, A; Subramanian, GM, 2012)
"Subacute thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis and an atypical form of thyroiditis are complications of COVID-19."	2.72	Thyroid complications of SARS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ( Somogyi, P; Speer, G, 2021)
"We report a rare case of concurrent RT, acute suppurative thyroiditis, and micropapillary carcinoma in a 48-year-old patient."	2.49	Case of concurrent Riedel's thyroiditis, acute suppurative thyroiditis, and micropapillary carcinoma. ( Chu, YC; Hong, JT; Hong, SB; Kim, SH; Kim, YS; Lee, JH; Nam, M, 2013)
"Myxedema coma, neonatal hypothyroidism, primary hypothyroidism, and secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism are specific hypothyroid states for which drug therapy is discussed."	2.36	Drug therapy reviews: management of hypothyroidism. ( Cobb, WE; Jackson, IM, 1978)
"Blocking the PD-1 pathway induces immune-related adverse events (irAEs) which often involve the thyroid gland (thyroid irAEs)."	1.51	Incidence, features, and prognosis of immune-related adverse events involving the thyroid gland induced by nivolumab. ( Fujii, T; Hishizawa, M; Inagaki, N; Kawaguchi-Sakita, N; Kim, YH; Kitamura, M; Kitawaki, T; Matsumoto, S; Nomura, M; Otsuka, A; Saito, R; Sakamori, Y; Sone, M; Taura, D; Yamasaki, T; Yamauchi, I; Yasoda, A, 2019)
"Graves' Disease is a representative autoimmune thyroid disease that presents with hyperthyroidism."	1.51	Serum autotaxin levels are associated with Graves' disease. ( Aoki, J; Araki, O; Igarashi, K; Kano, K; Kihara, S; Kurano, M; Murakami, M; Nakawatari, K; Nishikawa, M; Nojiri, T; Shimamoto, S; Yatomi, Y, 2019)
"Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by rapid-onset diabetic ketoacidosis, and negative islet-related autoantibodies, and was proposed as a novel subtype of non-autoimmune diabetes."	1.48	Painless Thyroiditis and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient Treated with an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Nivolumab. ( Arihara, Z; Niitsuma, S; Sakurai, K; Sato, R; Takahashi, K, 2018)
" Levothyroxine dosing required doubling in three patients with a known history of hypothyroidism."	1.46	Pembrolizumab-Induced Thyroiditis: Comprehensive Clinical Review and Insights Into Underlying Involved Mechanisms. ( Bornschlegl, S; Delivanis, DA; Dietz, AB; Gustafson, MP; Kottschade, L; Merten, MM; Ryder, M; Withers, S, 2017)
"Thyroiditis is a general term that encompasses several clinical disorders characterized by inflammation of the thyroid gland."	1.40	Thyroiditis: an integrated approach. ( Gaitonde, DY; Stewart, C; Sweeney, LB, 2014)
"Radiation-induced thyroiditis is regarded as primary damage to the thyroid gland."	1.38	Evaluation of thyroid disorders during head-and-neck radiotherapy by using functional analysis and ultrasonography. ( Bakhshandeh, M; Edraki, HR; Hashemi, B; Kazemnejad, A; Mahdavi, SR; Nikoofar, A, 2012)
"Painless thyroiditis is characterized by transient thyrotoxicosis with complete recovery."	1.35	Clinical characteristics of frequently recurring painless thyroiditis: contributions of higher thyroid hormone levels, younger onset, male gender, presence of thyroid autoantibody and absence of goiter to repeated recurrence. ( Isozaki, O; Nishimaki, M; Okubo, Y; Takano, K; Yoshihara, A, 2009)
"In addition, myxedematous coma, particularly in elderly hypothyroid patients, can be precipitated by central nervous system depressants, infection, and possibly stressful dental procedures."	1.33	Thyroid disorders. Part II: hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. ( Little, JW, 2006)
"Post-partum thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease may be treated with radioiodine but it requires radiation safety measurements for infant and is contraindicated if the mother is breast-feeding."	1.33	Treatment of post-partum thyrotoxicosis. ( Azizi, F, 2006)
"Therefore, the diagnostic accuracy for Graves' disease might be increased by using the three parameters in combination."	1.33	Rapid differential diagnosis of Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis using total T3/T4 ratio, TSH, and total alkaline phosphatase activity. ( Kato, Y; Sato, K; Shimizu, S; Takano, K; Yanagisawa, T, 2005)
"This hyperthyroidism was suppressed by a high-iodide diet, probably by a nonimmune mechanism."	1.33	Dissociation between iodide-induced thyroiditis and antibody-mediated hyperthyroidism in NOD.H-2h4 mice. ( Aliesky, H; Braley-Mullen, H; Chen, CR; McLachlan, SM; Pichurin, PN; Rapoport, B, 2005)
"Treatment with tamoxifen led to a significant subjective improvement and objective changes, confirmed by regular clinical examinations, ultrasonography, and computed tomography of the neck."	1.32	Riedel's thyroiditis treated with tamoxifen. ( Dabelic, N; Jukic, T; Kusic, Z; Labar, Z; Matesa, N; Novosel, SA, 2003)
"400 consecutive patients (300 with Graves' disease and 100 with silent thyroiditis) who underwent radioiodine scanning of the thyroid."	1.31	Association between lithium use and thyrotoxicosis caused by silent thyroiditis. ( Daniels, GH; Miller, KK, 2001)
"Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare fibro-inflammatory process originating in the thyroid gland with progressive extension and invasion of surrounding tissues."	1.30	Riedel's thyroiditis presenting with hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism: dramatic response to glucocorticoid and thyroxine therapy. ( Cha, I; Greenspan, FS; Lo, JC; Loh, KC; Rubin, AL, 1998)
"Hypothyroidism is associated with a reduction in GH pulsatility and in GH-response to stimulatory tests."	1.30	IGF-1 and IGFBP in congenital and acquired hypothyroidism after long-term replacement treatment. ( Boccardo, G; Bona, G; Chiorboli, E; Rapa, A; Silvestro, L, 1999)
"Five of them were affected by Graves' disease and one by De Quervain's thyroiditis."	1.29	Anti 70 kDa heat shock protein antibodies in sera of patients affected by autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid diseases. ( Di Prima, MA; Faralli, AR; Leri, O; Paggi, A; Paparo, BS; Pellegrino, C; Sinopoli, MT, 1995)
"Subacute thyroiditis is a benign, self-limited disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism that resolves spontaneously."	1.28	Subacute thyroiditis presenting as Cushing's syndrome. Case report. ( Blethen, SL; Romano, A, 1991)
"Hyperthyroidism occurred following primary hypothyroidism in a 46-year-old man with serologically and histologically proved chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis."	1.27	Hyperthyroidism after primary hypothyroidism. Follow-up with serial thyroid biopsies. ( Kitagawa, M; Kubo, T; Wakakuri, N, 1985)
"The syndrome is self-limited."	1.27	Postpartum thyroiditis. ( Flaherty, RJ, 1984)
"Myxedema coma is an endocrine emergency that requires prompt treatment of both the metabolic complications and any intercurrent illness."	1.27	Adult hypothyroidism. 2. Causes, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment. ( Mazzaferri, EL, 1986)
"Thirty-four patients with advanced neoplasms who had received interleukin-2 and LAK cells were followed for at least four weeks after treatment."	1.27	Hypothyroidism after treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. ( Atkins, MB; Berkman, EM; Gould, JA; Kaplan, MM; Mier, JW; Parkinson, DR, 1988)
"Thyroiditis was induced by immunization with rat thyroglobulin (Tg) in complete Freund's adjuvant, and the severity of the disease was assessed by comparison with saline-treated controls."	1.27	The effects of hyperthyroidism on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in the rat. ( Gunn, C; Hall, R; Hassman, R; McGregor, AM; Stringer, BM; Weetman, AP; Wynford-Thomas, D, 1985)
"In some diseases, as in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma, suppression of TSH secretion and simultaneous substitution of the thyroid hormone deficit are essential."	1.26	[Principles of thyroid hormone treatment (author's transl)]. ( Pfannenstiel, P, 1980)
"Although thyroiditis is a rare cause of persistently troublesome cough, the diagnosis can be made by systematic evaluation of the sites of receptors and afferent nerves subserving the cough reflex."	1.26	Chronic persistent cough: an uncommon presenting complaint of thyroiditis. ( Hamolsky, MW; Irwin, RS; Pratter, MR, 1982)
"The hyperthyroidism is self-limiting and should be treated conservatively."	1.26	Thyrotoxicosis with painless thyroiditis. ( Daly, R; Woolf, PD, 1976)
"In untreated hyper- and hypothyroidism, restoration to euthyroidism by treatment was uniformly accompanied by a normalization of serum TBPA and TBG levels."	1.26	Measurement of serum thyroxine binding prealbumin in various thyroidal states by radioimmunoassay. ( Hachiya, T; Ijichi, H; Ishida, M; Kajita, Y; Miyazaki, T; Ochi, Y; Yoshimura, M, 1982)
"Mild hyperthyroidism is not a hazard to an otherwise normal pregnancy and does not require therapy on the basis of this presumption."	1.25	Thyroid disease in pregnancy. ( Prout, TE, 1975)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	221 (67.58)	18.7374
1990's	41 (12.54)	18.2507
2000's	34 (10.40)	29.6817
2010's	23 (7.03)	24.3611
2020's	8 (2.45)	2.80

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Desiccated Thyroid Extract Compared to Levothyroxine in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover Study.[NCT01739972]	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Recruiting
Community Salt Testing and Relation of Iodine Intake to Visual Information Processing of Ethiopian Infants[NCT03889431]	106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-02	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
AMIODARONE AND THYROID DYSFUNCTION. Acta clinica Croatica, 2022, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Amiodarone; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Thyroiditis; Thyrotoxicosis; Thyroxine	2022
Hyperthyroidism: A Review. JAMA, 2023, 10-17, Volume: 330, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Radioisot	2023
Thyroid complications of SARS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Endocrine journal, 2021, Feb-28, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; COVID-19; Graves Disease; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Mortality; Progno	2021
Case of concurrent Riedel's thyroiditis, acute suppurative thyroiditis, and micropapillary carcinoma. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Hashimoto Disease; Hormone R	2013
Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet (London, England), 2012, Mar-24, Volume: 379, Issue:9821 Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progress	2012
A REVIEW OF RECENT METABOLIC STUDIES IN JAPAN. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1964, Volume: 13 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Diabetes Mellitus; Estrogens; Glucagon; Grow	1964
[Subclinical hypothyroidism]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006, May-28, Volume: Suppl 1 Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Hypothyr	2006
[Painless thyroiditis]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006, May-28, Volume: Suppl 1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Autoimmunity; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Prognosis; Thyroiditis;	2006
[Current thyroid diagnostics and therapy in disorders of fertility and in pregnancy]. Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 2006, Aug-15, Volume: 101, Issue:8 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Autoantibodies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabete	2006
Treatment of hyperthyroidism. Annual review of medicine, 1980, Volume: 31 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antithyroid Agents; Diet; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Huma	1980
Unusual manifestations of thyrotoxicosis. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1983, Volume: 116 Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Dexamethasone; Female; Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; Humans; Hyperthyroidism	1983
Thyroid disease in the elderly. The Medical clinics of North America, 1983, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism;	1983
A fundamental approach to the diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland. Clinics in laboratory medicine, 1984, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones;	1984
Transient painless thyroiditis with hyperthyroidism: a variant of lymphocytic thyroiditis? Endocrine reviews, 1980,Fall, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; I	1980
Autoantigens in thyroid diseases. Springer seminars in immunopathology, 1993, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Autoantigens; Autoimmunity; Disease Models, Animal; Epitopes; Humans;	1993
Riedel's thyroiditis--case report and literature review. Irish journal of medical science, 1994, Volume: 163, Issue:4 Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Midd	1994
[Clinical study on subacute thyroiditis and painless thyroiditis]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 1997, Jul-10, Volume: 86, Issue:7 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans;	1997
[Primary hypothyroidism]. Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2000, Issue:31 Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Pro	2000
De Quervain's subacute thyroiditis. A report on 14 cases and a review of the literature. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1975, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Thyroid Functi	1975
The assessment of thyroid function and structure. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 1978, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Carrier Proteins; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; P	1978
[Current diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases]. Medizinische Klinik, 1979, Oct-12, Volume: 74, Issue:41 Topics: Adenoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Graves Disease; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine Radioisotope	1979
Drug therapy reviews: management of hypothyroidism. American journal of hospital pharmacy, 1978, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Coma; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn	1978
Goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease). Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1979, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential	1979
[Thyrotropic hormone and the thyroid gland (present status)]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1977, Volume: 49, Issue:12 Topics: Blood Proteins; Circadian Rhythm; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; P	1977
Thyroid disease in pregnancy and the postpartum period. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York, 1985, Volume: 52, Issue:1 Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Breast Feeding; Female; Fertility; Fetus; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidis	1985
[Juvenile hypothyroidism]. Minerva pediatrica, 1985, Sep-15, Volume: 37, Issue:17 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant	1985
Serum triiodothyronine in man. Annual review of medicine, 1974, Volume: 25 Topics: Age Factors; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Immune Ser	1974
A review: The obese strain (OS) of chickens: an animal model with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. Clinical immunology and immunopathology, 1974, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; B-Lymphocytes; Basement M	1974
Thyroid physiology in health and disease. Annals of internal medicine, 1974, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Animals; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Graves Diseas	1974

Article	Year
Patterns of interferon-alpha-induced thyroid dysfunction vary with ethnicity, sex, smoking status, and pretreatment thyrotropin in an international cohort of patients treated for hepatitis C. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Asia; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Europe; Female; Hepatitis C; Hum	2013
Influence of L-thyroxine therapy on parathyroid hormone concentrations. Clinical chemistry, 2008, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone; Thyroid	2008
Phenotypes of interferon-α-induced thyroid dysfunction among patients treated for hepatitis C are associated with pretreatment serum TSH and female sex. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Cohort Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Hepatitis C; Humans; H	2012
Usefulness of the 2nd generation assay for anti-TSH receptor antibodies to differentiate relapse of Graves' thyrotoxicosis from development of painless thyroiditis after antithyroid drug treatment for Graves' disease. Endocrine journal, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Autoantibodies; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Graves Disease; Humans;	2005
Glucocorticoid response in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroiditis is predicted by thyroid volume and serum free thyroid hormone concentrations. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-U	2007
Interferon-alpha-induced thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic active hepatitis C: a transient, reversible and self-limited dysfunction. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 1998, Volume: 37, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Goiter; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Inte	1998
Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2000, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Histocompatibility Testing; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; I	2000
Comparison of two different doses of iodide in the prevention of gestational goiter in marginal iodine deficiency: a longitudinal study. European journal of endocrinology, 2002, Volume: 147, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Iodine; Italy; Longitudinal Studies; P	2002

thyroxine and Thyroiditis

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (327)

Authors

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Fujita, N	1
Ono, Y	1
Sano, A	1
Kimata, M	1
Oyama, S	1
Hashimoto, K	1
Sato, I	1
Kudo, M	1
Miyashiro, Y	1
Fujikata, A	1
Tanaka, Y	1
Koyama, H	1
Hattori, R	1
Sagawa, H	1
Tanaka, T	2
Ramírez Stieben, LA	1
Pustilnik, E	1
Feldman, R	1
Paladini, L	1
Mancinelli, L	1
Pellizzón, NA	1
Schwarzstein, D	1
Medić, F	1
Bakula, M	2
Alfirević, M	1
Mucić, K	1
Marić, N	1
Lee, SY	2
Pearce, EN	1
Croce, L	1
De Martinis, L	1
Pinto, S	1
Coperchini, F	1
Dito, G	1
Bendotti, G	1
Pasquali, D	1
Cappelli, C	1
Latrofa, F	1
Magri, F	1
Chiovato, L	1
Rotondi, M	1
Piccerillo, A	1
El Hachem, M	1
De Vito, R	1
De Luca, EV	1
Peris, K	1
Speer, G	1
Somogyi, P	1
Yamauchi, I	2
Sakane, Y	1
Fukuda, Y	1
Fujii, T	2
Taura, D	2
Hirata, M	1
Hirota, K	1
Ueda, Y	2
Kanai, Y	1
Yamashita, Y	1
Kondo, E	1
Sone, M	2
Yasoda, A	2
Inagaki, N	2
Delivanis, DA	1
Gustafson, MP	1
Bornschlegl, S	1
Merten, MM	1
Kottschade, L	1
Withers, S	1
Dietz, AB	1
Ryder, M	1
Sakurai, K	1
Niitsuma, S	1
Sato, R	1
Takahashi, K	1
Arihara, Z	1
Ng, P	1
Ho, C	1
Tan, WB	1
Ngiam, KY	1
Lim, CM	1
Thomas Loh, KS	1
Nga, ME	1
Parameswaran, R	1
Nojiri, T	1
Kurano, M	1
Araki, O	1
Nakawatari, K	1
Nishikawa, M	4
Shimamoto, S	1
Igarashi, K	1
Kano, K	1
Aoki, J	1
Kihara, S	1
Murakami, M	1
Yatomi, Y	1
Matsumoto, S	1
Sakamori, Y	1
Kim, YH	1
Nomura, M	1
Otsuka, A	1
Yamasaki, T	1
Saito, R	1
Kitamura, M	1
Kitawaki, T	1
Hishizawa, M	1
Kawaguchi-Sakita, N	1
Cuesta Hernández, M	1
Gómez Hoyos, E	1
Agrela Rojas, E	1
Téllez Molina, MJ	1
Díaz Pérez, JÁ	1
Mammen, JS	2
Ghazarian, SR	2
Rosen, A	2
Ladenson, PW	2
Hong, JT	1
Lee, JH	1
Kim, SH	1
Hong, SB	1
Nam, M	1
Kim, YS	1
Chu, YC	1
Ozkan, C	1
Altinova, AE	1
Cerit, ET	1
Yalcin, MM	1
Toruner, FB	1
Akturk, M	1
Cakir, N	1
Sweeney, LB	1
Stewart, C	1
Gaitonde, DY	1
Yoshihara, A	2
Noh, JY	1
Mukasa, K	1
Suzuki, M	3
Ohye, H	1
Matsumoto, M	1
Kunii, Y	1
Watanabe, N	1
Suzuki, N	1
Kameda, T	1
Sugino, K	1
Ito, K	6
Stan, MN	1
Haglind, EG	1
Drake, MT	1
Rosário, PW	1
Carvalho, M	1
Calsolari, MR	1
Calil-Silveira, J	1
Serrano-Nascimento, C	1
Laconca, RC	1
Schmiedecke, L	1
Salgueiro, RB	1
Kondo, AK	1
Nunes, MT	1
Zanglis, A	1
Andreopoulos, D	1
Baziotis, N	1
Wang, SH	1
Koenig, RJ	1
Nishimaki, M	1
Isozaki, O	1
Okubo, Y	1
Takano, K	2
Alexander, V	1
Kurien, TT	1
Chattopadhyay, A	1
Jakobiec, FA	1
Stacy, RC	1
Hatton, MP	1
Calvi, L	1
Daniels, GH	4
Bakhshandeh, M	1
Hashemi, B	1
Mahdavi, SR	1
Nikoofar, A	1
Edraki, HR	1
Kazemnejad, A	1
Cooper, DS	1
Biondi, B	1
Sato, S	2
Endo, K	1
Iizaka, T	1
Saiki, R	1
Iwaku, K	1
Takahashi, Y	1
Otsuka, F	1
Taniyama, M	1
Mete, O	1
Asa, SL	1
Pulkstenis, E	1
Subramanian, GM	1
McLachlan, SM	2
Aliesky, HA	1
Chen, CR	2
Chong, G	1
Rapoport, B	2
Pichler, R	1
Wölfl, S	1
Bogner, S	1
Sulzbacher, H	1
Shamiyeh, A	1
Maschek, W	1
Fedorovich, EI	1
Demidchik, IuE	1
Dabelic, N	1
Jukic, T	1
Labar, Z	1
Novosel, SA	1
Matesa, N	1
Kusic, Z	1
Strachan, MW	1
Walker, JD	1
Patrick, AW	1
BANSI, HW	1
DE GENNES, JL	1
TRUFFERT, J	1
PREMACHANDRA, BN	3
RAY, AK	1
BLUMENTHAL, HT	1
NOGUCHI, A	1
VANNOTTI, A	1
LEMARCHAND BERAUD, T	1
SCAZZIGA, BR	1
NILSSON, LR	2
BORGFORS, N	1
GAMSTORP, I	1
HOLST, HE	1
LIDEN, G	1
HUBBLE, D	1
DONIACH, D	2
SKILLERN, PG	1
BONGIOVANNI, AM	1
TORIZUKA, K	1
FLAX, MH	1
STANBURY, JB	1
BROUHON-MASSILLON, L	1
HIGGINS, HP	1
ELKAN, I	1
DIOSY, A	1
BAYLEY, TA	1
BUCKLEY, GC	1
SAXENA, KM	1
KADOTA, I	1
JIMENEZCASADO, M	1
FERNANDEZRODRIGUEZ, M	1
RAPADOERRAZTI, A	1
SANCHEZMARTIN, JA	1
OLIVAALDAMIZ, H	1
DOWLING, JT	1
ARNOTT, EJ	1
GREAVES, DP	1
TORIKAI, T	1
KURTZMAN, RS	1
OTTO, DL	1
CHEPEY, JJ	1
HUNG, W	1
CHANDLER, RW	1
KYLE, MA	1
BLIZZARD, RM	1
Amino, N	7
Hidaka, Y	3
Takano, T	2
Tatsumi, KI	2
Izumi, Y	3
Nakata, Y	1
Egsgaard Nielsen, V	1
Hecht, P	1
Krogdahl, AS	1
Andersen, PB	1
Hegedüs, L	1
Pritchyk, K	1
Newkirk, K	1
Garlich, P	1
Deeb, Z	1
Braley-Mullen, H	1
Aliesky, H	1
Pichurin, PN	1
Yanagisawa, T	1
Sato, K	2
Kato, Y	1
Shimizu, S	1
Koh, EH	1
Park, YJ	1
Lee, HC	1
Hong, CS	1
Huh, KB	1
Ryu, KZ	1
Cordray, JP	1
Nys, P	1
Merceron, RE	1
Mizota, M	1
Tamada, I	1
Hizukuri, K	1
Otsubo, K	1
Arima, S	1
Ono, S	1
Takeoka, K	2
Yoshimura Noh, J	1
Momotani, N	4
Fukada, S	1
Miyauchi, A	1
Metzger, ML	1
Hudson, MM	1
Somes, GW	1
Shorr, RI	1
Li, CS	1
Krasin, MJ	1
Shelso, J	1
Pui, CH	1
Howard, SC	1
Azizi, F	2
Yokota, T	1
Kuwahara, K	1
Murabe, H	1
Murakami, N	1
Kamijo, K	2
Little, JW	1
Fink, HJ	1
Hintze, G	1
Bogazzi, F	1
Bartalena, L	1
Tomisti, L	1
Rossi, G	1
Tanda, ML	1
Dell'Unto, E	1
Aghini-Lombardi, F	2
Martino, E	1
Tagami, T	1
Hagiwara, H	1
Kimura, T	1
Usui, T	1
Shimatsu, A	1
Naruse, M	1
Mittra, ES	1
McDougall, IR	1
Bonnyns, M	3
Bastenie, PA	2
MacSween, RN	1
Goudie, RB	1
Waldstein, SS	1
McClung, MR	1
Greer, MA	1
Yoshida, K	8
Sakurada, T	6
Kaise, N	4
Kaise, K	4
Kitaoka, H	3
Fukazawa, H	3
Yamamoto, M	8
Saito, S	7
Yoshinaga, K	3
Medeiros-Neto, G	1
Oota, A	1
Itazu, T	1
Sanker, AJ	1
Sundick, RS	5
Brown, TR	3
Bentin, J	1
Devetter, G	1
Duchateau, J	1
Breithaupt, H	1
Laube, H	1
Kato, T	2
Saito, A	1
Kawasaki, K	1
Yachi, A	1
Sato, T	2
Kajiwara, S	1
Miyamori, C	1
Silverstein, E	1
Schussler, GC	2
Friedland, J	1
Smallridge, RC	1
Rogers, J	1
Verma, PS	1
Hurley, JR	1
Gossain, VV	1
Rovner, DR	1
Rhodes, CE	1
Wong, ET	1
Steffes, MW	1
Lio, S	1
Pontecorvi, A	1
Caruso, M	1
Monaco, F	1
D'Armiento, M	1
Milutinović, PS	1
Han, R	1
Nastić-Mirić, D	1
Teuber, J	1
Helmke, K	1
Mäser, E	1
Grebe, S	1
Federlin, K	1
Ferrari, C	1
Boghen, M	1
Paracchi, A	1
Rampini, P	1
Raiteri, F	1
Benco, R	1
Romussi, M	1
Codecasa, F	1
Mucci, M	1
Bianco, M	1
Davies, TF	2
Weiss, I	1
Gerber, MA	1
Flaherty, RJ	1
Tajima, K	1
Mashita, K	1
Yamane, T	1
Yoshikawa, H	1
Kawamura, S	1
Kang, J	1
Kajiyama, Y	1
Moriwaki, K	1
Tarui, S	1
Smigan, L	1
Wahlin, A	1
Jacobsson, L	1
von Knorring, L	1
Vanhaelst, L	1
Mizukami, Y	1
Matsubara, F	2
Pfannenstiel, P	1
Madeddu, G	1
Langer, M	1
Costanza, C	1
Casu, AR	1
Arras, ML	1
Campus, S	1
Young, JG	1
Sprague, MM	1
Cohen, DJ	1
Roth, JA	1
Genel, M	1
Pelkonen, R	1
Salmi, J	1
Lamberg, BA	5
Fukino, O	1
Tamai, H	2
Kumai, M	1
Ohsako, N	1
Kuma, K	3
Nagataki, S	1
Ishida, M	1
Kajita, Y	1
Ochi, Y	2
Hachiya, T	1
Miyazaki, T	1
Yoshimura, M	1
Ijichi, H	1
Van Dop, C	1
Conte, FA	1
Koch, TK	1
Clark, SJ	1
Wilson-Davis, SL	1
Grumbach, MM	1
Rennie, DP	2
McGregor, AM	3
Keast, D	1
Weetman, AP	3
Foord, SM	1
Dieguez, C	1
Williams, ED	1
Hall, R	5
Amidi, D	1
Berghuis, PH	1
Bantle, JP	1
Beyer, S	1
Oppenheimer, JH	1
Imahori, SC	1
Vladutiu, AO	2
Karlsson, FA	1
Dahlberg, PA	1
Venge, P	1
Roxin, LE	1
Zellmann, HE	1
Temple, TE	1
Wilhoit, GB	1
Williams, RB	1
Mitchell, GS	1
Satchwell, S	1
Harrington, WG	1
Spence, SN	1
Woolf, PD	2
Fragu, P	2
Rougier, P	1
Schlumberger, M	2
Tubiana, M	2
Irwin, RS	1
Pratter, MR	1
Hamolsky, MW	2
Iwaoka, T	1
Umeda, T	1
Nakayama, M	1
Shimada, T	1
Fujii, Y	1
Miura, F	1
Walfish, PG	4
Tamura, K	1
Ishida, N	1
Drukker, A	1
Dolberg, M	1
Landau, H	1
Solleveld, HA	1
Coolen, J	1
Hollander, CF	1
Zurcher, C	1
Wilmshurst, P	1
Melsom, R	1
Gostelow, B	1
Clark, OH	1
van Beugen, L	1
van Heuven, GD	1
Nikolai, TF	1
Coombs, GJ	1
McKenzie, AK	1
Gordon, M	1
Gryfe, CI	1
Livezey, MD	2
Hieda, M	1
Paggi, A	1
Di Prima, MA	1
Paparo, BS	1
Pellegrino, C	1
Faralli, AR	1
Sinopoli, MT	1
Leri, O	1
Dawe, K	1
Hutchings, P	1
Champion, B	1
Cooke, A	1
Roitt, I	1
Sugimoto, T	1
Iino, S	1
Noh, J	1
Ishikawa, N	2
Kamikubo, K	2
Takami, R	1
Suwa, T	1
Kawase, Y	1
Shiroko, J	1
Kametani, M	1
Tokimitsu, N	2
Sakata, S	4
Costagliola, S	1
Alcalde, L	1
Tonacchera, M	1
Ruf, J	1
Vassart, G	1
Ludgate, M	1
Brady, OH	1
Hehir, DJ	1
Heffernan, SJ	1
Ozawa, Y	1
Shishiba, Y	1
Hall, C	1
Batch, J	1
Jones, C	1
Woeber, KA	1
Ito, M	1
Takamatsu, J	1
Yoshida, S	1
Murakami, Y	1
Sakane, S	1
Ohsawa, N	1
Sauter, G	1
Weiss, M	1
Hoermann, R	1
Kabadi, UM	1
Kiso, Y	1
Tsuboi, K	1
Katayama, M	1
Yuasa, R	1
Matoba, H	1
Nagayama, T	1
Ihara, F	1
Ooya, T	1
Matsuo, K	1
Otsuka, S	1
Miyachi, Y	1
Nachreiner, RF	1
Refsal, KR	1
Graham, PA	1
Hauptman, J	1
Watson, GL	1
Murao, S	1
Yoshinouchi, T	1
Sato, M	1
Ishida, T	1
Takahara, J	1
Lo, JC	1
Loh, KC	1
Rubin, AL	1
Cha, I	1
Greenspan, FS	1
Vaidya, B	1
Coulthard, A	1
Goonetilleke, A	1
Burn, DJ	1
James, RA	1
Kendall-Taylor, P	1
Kallio, P	1
Murphy, ED	1
Shorey, S	1
Badenhoop, K	1
Okumura, M	1
Fukata, S	1
Shimaoka, Y	1
Tada, H	3
Yanagawa, T	1
Ishikawa, T	1
Ishii, T	1
Tabuchi, K	1
Iwasa, S	1
Bannai, S	1
Omura, K	1
Suzuki, H	1
Yoshida, H	1
Caixàs, A	1
Albareda, M	1
García-Patterson, A	1
Rodríguez-Espinosa, J	1
de Leiva, A	1
Corcoy, R	1
Premawardhana, LD	1
Parkes, AB	3
Ammari, F	1
John, R	2
Darke, C	1
Adams, H	1
Lazarus, JH	3
Bona, G	1
Rapa, A	1
Boccardo, G	1
Silvestro, L	1
Chiorboli, E	1
Furlanetto, TW	1
Premaor, MO	1
Caramori, ML	1
Frantz, BC	1
Patta, GZ	1
Tatto, E	1
Vaz, AG	1
Iitaka, M	2
Kakinuma, S	1
Yamanaka, K	1
Fujimaki, S	1
Oosuga, I	1
Wada, S	1
Katayama, S	1
Shahbazian, HB	1
Sarvghadi, F	1
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