tebuconazole profile

Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide commonly used to control a wide range of fungal diseases in crops, such as wheat, barley, and maize. It is synthesized through a multi-step process involving various chemical reactions. Tebuconazole inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, leading to fungal cell death. Its importance lies in its effectiveness against various fungal diseases, thus contributing to increased crop yields and food security. Research on tebuconazole focuses on understanding its mechanisms of action, assessing its environmental fate and potential risks to human health and ecosystems, and developing new and more efficient formulations.'

Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	86102
CHEMBL ID	487186
CHEBI ID	83779
CHEBI ID	81781
SCHEMBL ID	21789
MeSH ID	M0230788

Synonym
AC-12496
c16h22cln3o
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazolylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
tebuconazole
NCGC00091496-01
80443-41-0
etiltrianol
tebuconazole [iso]
(rs)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
raxil
folicur
alpha-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
hwg 1608
(rs)-1-p-chlorophenyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
hsdb 7448
ethyltrianol
terbutrazole
bay-hwg 1608
lynx
terbuconazole
fenetrazole
elite
preventol a 8
NCGC00091496-02
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
107534-96-3
(rs)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1- ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, .alpha.-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-.alpha.
CHEMBL487186
chebi:83779 ,
FT-0651883
FT-0654015
A801720
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol;3-((1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-ol
NCGC00091496-03
NCGC00091496-04
C18489
unii-401atw8trw
ec 403-640-2
401atw8trw ,
1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, alpha-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
cas-107534-96-3
dtxcid7012113
NCGC00259880-01
dtxsid9032113 ,
NCGC00254491-01
tox21_300487
tox21_202331
tebuconazol
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-pentanol
AKOS015895348
bay-hwg-1608
sparta
.alpha.-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-.alpha.-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
timbertreat t
1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, .alpha.-(2-(4- chlorophenyl)ethyl)-.alpha.-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
tebuconazole [mi]
silvacure
(rs)-1-p-chlorophenyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1- ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
SCHEMBL21789
T2988
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-3-pentanol
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-l-yl-methyl)-pentan-3-ol
1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-pentan-3-ol
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-pentane-3-ol
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentan-3-ol
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-pentan-3-ol
TCMDC-143614
corail
.alpha.-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-.alpha.-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
silvacur (salt/mix)
(.+/-.)-.alpha.-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-.alpha.-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-pentanol #
horizont
1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, .alpha.-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-.alpha.-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, (.+/-.)-
(.+/-.)-tebuconazole
mfcd02674797
3-((1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-ol
bdbm50486193
tebuconazole 100 microg/ml in isooctane
tebuconazole 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
tebuconazole 10 microg/ml in isooctane
tebuconazole 100 microg/ml in methanol
tebuconazole 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
CS-8170
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]pentan-3-ol
(rs)- 1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h, 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan- 3-ol
HY-B0852
Q2697579
AS-13966
H10925
a-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
tebuconazole 1000 microg/ml in toluene
EN300-99797
tebuconazole 100 amicrog/ml in methanol
1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, alpha-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethyle thyl)-, (+-),
silvacur
usepa/opp pesticide code: 128997
chebi:81781
(rs)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)pentan-3-ol
rac-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol
Z1332916289

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide that can be used as a seed treatment and, thereby, introduced to the soil."	( Factors Underlying the Prevalence of Chen, S; Tang, X; Wang, Z; Yan, X; Yang, D; Yuan, H, 2022)	1.44
"Tebuconazole is a systemic follicular fungicide known to cause diverse problems in non-target organisms namely associated to the pure active ingredient. "	( Behavioural impairment and oxidative stress by acute exposure of zebrafish to a commercial formulation of tebuconazole. Félix, LM; Venâncio, CAS; Vieira, RSF, 2022)	2.38
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a pesticide widely used in crops and has a strong control effect on fungal pathogens. "	( Effects of tebuconazole application at different growth stages on rice grain quality of rice-based untargeted metabolomics. Cheng, J; Ge, J; Li, H; Li, Y; Song, L; Sun, W; Yu, X, 2022)	2.55
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a common triazole fungicide that has been widely applied in the treatment of fungal diseases. "	( Triazole fungicide tebuconazole induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Abid-Essefi, S; Belhadef, A; Ben Othmène, Y; Ben Salem, I; Boussabbeh, M; Karoui, A; Lemaire, C; Monceaux, K, 2022)	2.49
"Tebuconazole (TB) is an active ingredient in formulations applied to control of fungal diseases in plants and classified as a possible human carcinogen. "	( Genotoxic effects induced for sub-cytotoxic concentrations of tebuconazole fungicide in HEp-2 cell line. Andrioli, NB; Bonzon, C; Chaufan, G; Nieves, M; Poltronieri, M, 2023)	2.59
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a fungicide widely used in agriculture; however, its constant application has increased the emergence of resistant plant pathogenic fungal strains and reduced the effectiveness of fungi as biological control agents; for instance, the entomopathogenic and hyperparasitic fungus Akanthomyces lecanii, suitable for simultaneous biological control of insect pest and plant pathogenic fungi, is highly sensitive to fungicides. "	( Improvement of Akanthomyces lecanii resistance to tebuconazole through UV-C radiation and selective pressure on microbial evolution and growth arenas. Figueroa-Martínez, F; Loera-Corral, O; López-Pérez, M; Miranda-Calixto, A, 2023)	2.61
"Tebuconazole (TEB), which is a member of the triazole fungicide family, is utilized to safeguard agricultural crop plants against fungal pathogens."	( Aggravation of TGFβ1-Smad Pathway and Autoimmune Myocarditis by Fungicide (Tebuconazole) Exposure. Arangia, A; Cordaro, M; Cuzzocrea, S; D'Amico, R; Di Paola, R; Fusco, R; Gugliandolo, E; Impellizzeri, D; Marino, Y; Siracusa, R, 2023)	1.86
"Tebuconazole is a broad-spectrum fungicide extensively used worldwide for the control of many diseases such as powdery mildew and scab in apple, early blight of tomato, anthracnose of chilli, white rot and purple blotch of onion etc. "	( Persistence and dissipation kinetics of tebuconazole in apple, tomato, chilli and onion crops of Himachal Pradesh, India. Devi, N; Dubey, JK; Katna, S; Patyal, SK; Shandil, D; Singh, G, 2020)	2.27
"Tebuconazole is an effective systemic fungicide that belongs to the triazoles family. "	( Tebuconazole induced cardiotoxicity in male adult rat. Abid-Essefi, S; Amara, I; Annabi, E; Ben Othmène, Y; Ben Salem, I; Hamdi, H; Najjar, MF; Neffati, F, 2020)	3.44
"Tebuconazole is a widely used fungicide that may impair soil health. "	( Bacterial compatibility and immobilization with biochar improved tebuconazole degradation, soil microbiome composition and functioning. Miao, J; Saleem, M; Sun, T; Yang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q, 2020)	2.24
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a broad-spectrum conazole fungicide that has been used in agriculture in the control of foliar and soil-borne diseases of many crops. "	( Oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis induced by tebuconazole in the kidney of male Wistar rat. Abid-Essefi, S; Amara, I; Annabi, E; Hamdi, H; Najjar, MF; Neffati, F; Othmène, YB; Salem, IB, 2020)	2.25
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a common triazole fungicide that is widely used throughout the world in agriculture applications. "	( Tebuconazole induces ROS-dependent cardiac cell toxicity by activating DNA damage and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Abid-Essefi, S; Belhadef, A; Ben Othmène, Y; Ben Salem, I; Karoui, A; Lemaire, C; Monceaux, K, 2020)	3.44
"Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide, used in agriculture to treat phytopathogenic fungi, and as a biocide, has been reported to be related to reproductive and developmental toxicity. "	( Gestational exposure to tebuconazole affects the development of rat fetal Leydig cells. Chen, Q; Ge, RS; Li, Y; Li, Z; Lin, L; Ma, F; Pan, P; Wang, Y; Xu, Q; Yu, Y, 2021)	2.37
"Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide widely used in agriculture but its toxicity to birds remains largely unknown."	( Birds feeding on tebuconazole treated seeds have reduced breeding output. Camarero, PR; Lopez-Antia, A; Mateo, R; Mougeot, F; Ortiz-Santaliestra, ME, 2021)	1.68
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a triazole fungicide widely used in agriculture known to cause metabolic and endocrine disorders in mammals. "	( Tebuconazole-induced toxicity and the protective effect of Ficus carica extract in Neotropical fruit-eating bats. da Matta, SLP; Freitas, MB; Freitas, RMP; Gonçalves, RV; Leite, JPV; Linhares, BS; Oliveira, JM, 2021)	3.51
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a common triazole fungicide that has been widely used for the control of plant pathogenic fungi, suggesting that mammal exposure occurs regularly. "	( Tebuconazole induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in HCT116 cells through ROS generation. Abid-Essefi, S; Annabi, E; Hamdi, H; Othmène, YB; Salem, IB, 2021)	3.51
"Tebuconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide that has been extensively applied in agriculture, but its toxicity on soil ecology remains unknown after repeated introduction to soil. "	( Repeated exposure to fungicide tebuconazole alters the degradation characteristics, soil microbial community and functional profiles. Han, L; Kong, X; Nie, J; Xu, M, 2021)	2.35
"Tebuconazole is a chiral trizole fungicide and widely used in many crops for controlling disease. "	( Racemic, R-, and S-tebuconazole altered chitinase and chitobiase activity of Daphnia magna. Chen, X; Liu, X; Qi, S; Wang, C; Zhu, L, 2018)	2.25
"Tebuconazole (TBZ) is a widely used triazole fungicide at EU level on cereals and vines. "	( The dissipation and microbial ecotoxicity of tebuconazole and its transformation products in soil under standard laboratory and simulated winter conditions. Barnard, RL; Beguet, J; Botteri, L; Dermou, E; El Azhari, N; Ferrari, F; Karas, PA; Karpouzas, DG; Lucini, L; Martin-Laurent, F; Rouard, N; Storck, V; Tourna, M; Trevisan, M, 2018)	2.18
"Tebuconazole is a widely used fungicide that has been detected in water ecosystems, of which the concentrations may affect the endocrine function of aquatic organisms. "	( Endocrine disrupting effects of tebuconazole on different life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gui, W; Li, S; Schlenk, D; Sun, Q; Wu, Q; Zhu, G, 2019)	2.24
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a chiral triazole fungicide that is globally marketed and used as a racemic mixture to control plant pathogens. "	( In vitro enantioselective study of the toxicokinetic effects of chiral fungicide tebuconazole in human liver microsomes. Barbosa, F; de Oliveira, ARM; Dias, LG; Habenschus, MD; Nardini, V; Rocha, BA, 2019)	2.18
"Tebuconazole is a fungicide that has been frequently detected in agriculture systems at concentrations that affect endocrine function in organisms."	( Insights into the effect on silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocooning and its potential mechanisms following non-lethal dose tebuconazole exposure. Gui, W; Jiang, H; Li, S; Qiao, K; Zhu, G, 2019)	1.44
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a widely used triazole fungicide, but the toxicokinetics of its human metabolites are not fully described. "	( Toxicokinetics of a urinary metabolite of tebuconazole following controlled oral and dermal administration in human volunteers. Mol, JGJ; Oerlemans, A; Roeleveld, N; Russel, FGM; Scheepers, PTJ; Vermeulen, RCH; Verscheijden, LFM; Westerhout, J, 2019)	2.22
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a fungicide widely used in vineyards. "	( [Time course of excretion of tebuconazole and its metabolites in vineyard workers]. Colosio, C; Fustinoni, S; Mercadante, R; Moretto, A; Polledri, E; Rubino, F, )	1.87
"Tebuconazole is a triazole systemic fungicide that is commonly used to treat fungal pathogens of crops, but at high doses can reduce seed germination. "	( Microencapsulation of seed-coating tebuconazole and its effects on physiology and biochemistry of maize seedlings. Shi, J; Wang, N; Wang, Z; Yan, X; Yang, D; Yuan, H; Zhang, M, 2014)	2.12
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a fungicide widely used in vineyards and is a suspected teratogen for humans. "	( Biological monitoring of exposure to tebuconazole in winegrowers. Colosio, C; Fustinoni, S; Mandic-Rajcevic, S; Mercadante, R; Moretto, A; Polledri, E; Rubino, FM; Vianello, G, 2014)	2.12
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a fungicide used in agriculture; the objective of this work was to identify and quantify TEB metabolites in human urine. "	( Identification and quantification of metabolites of the fungicide tebuconazole in human urine. Fustinoni, S; Mercadante, R; Moretto, A; Polledri, E; Scurati, S, 2014)	2.08
"Tebuconazole is a chiral triazole fungicide used as raceme in a variety of agricultural applications. "	( Comparative toxicity of rac- and S-tebuconazole to Daphnia magna. Chen, XF; Jiang, JZ; Liu, Y; Qi, SZ; Wang, CJ, 2015)	2.14
"Tebuconazole is an effective chiral fungicide, and previous studies have demonstrated that tebuconazole enantiomers exhibit enantioselective toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms. "	( Chiral bioaccumulation behavior of tebuconazole in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Dong, F; Liu, N; Liu, X; Xu, J; Zheng, Y, 2016)	2.15
"Tebuconazole (TEB) is a common triazole fungicide that has been extensively used for fungi control."	( Triazole fungicide tebuconazole disrupts human placental trophoblast cell functions. Li, F; Liu, J; Zhang, J; Zhou, J, 2016)	1.48
"Tebuconazole is a commonly used systemic fungicide of the triazol group, which inhibits the sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation of 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol, a precursor of ergosterol, a cell membrane component in fungi."	( Biodegradation of tebuconazole by bacteria isolated from contaminated soils. Ayub, MA; Peralba, Mdo C; Sehnem, NT; Souza-Cruz, P, 2010)	1.42
"Tebuconazole is a fungicide used on onion crops (Allium Fistulosum L) in Colombia. "	( 14C tebuconazole degradation in Colombian soils. Guerrero, JA; Martínez, MJ; Mosquera, CS, 2010)	2.36
"Tebuconazole is a widely used fungicide. "	( High-performance liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric identification of the phototransformation products of tebuconazole on titanium dioxide. Aigotti, R; Baiocchi, C; Baudino, S; Branca, P; Calza, P; Pelizzetti, E, 2002)	1.97

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tebuconazole has been widely applied over three decades because of its high efficiency, low toxicity, and broad spectrum, and it is still one of the most popular fungicides worldwide. "	( A comprehensive review on toxicological mechanisms and transformation products of tebuconazole: Insights on pesticide management. Dong, B, 2024)	3.11
"Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health. "	( Cardiac energy metabolism disorder mediated by energy substrate imbalance and mitochondrial damage upon tebuconazole exposure. Guo, L; Hu, J; Ku, T; Li, G; Liu, Y; Sang, N; Tan, X; Xie, Y; Zhou, M, 2024)	3.1

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tebuconazole treatment changes the color of young wines, with the final red shade of wine being control group > rac-tebuconazole ≥ S-tebuconazole > R-tebuconazole."	( Impact of chiral tebuconazole on the flavor components and color attributes of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines at the enantiomeric level. Chen, J; Dai, X; Kong, Z; Li, M; Simal-Gandara, J; Tian, J; Zhao, S, 2022)	1.78

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This may pose a risk to benthic and epibenthic organisms and it is crucial that toxicity tests that are available for environmental risk assessment can identify potentially adverse effects of sediment-associated substances on benthic organisms, such as harpacticoid copepods."	( Development and reproduction of the freshwater harpacticoid copepod Attheyella crassa for assessing sediment-associated toxicity. Adolfsson-Erici, M; Bengtsson, BE; Breitholtz, M; Minten, J; Stiernström, S; Turesson, EU, 2007)	0.34
" These calculations permitted the establishment of theoretical reference limit values for human consumption of fish and the establishment of safe limits for the water pesticide concentration."	( Acute toxicity and bioconcentration of fungicide tebuconazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Andreu-Sánchez, O; Carrasco, JM; Jonsson, CM; Paraíba, LC, 2012)	0.63
" Adverse effects were observed in young and adult male offspring from the group exposed to the highest dose of the mixture."	( Persistent developmental toxicity in rat offspring after low dose exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides. Axelstad, M; Berthelsen, LO; Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hass, U; Isling, LK; Jacobsen, PR; Mandrup, KR; Vinggaard, AM, 2012)	0.38
" Earlier studies showed that tebuconazole is toxic to many non-target aquatic organisms but relative data for tebuconazole enantiomers are lacking."	( Comparative toxicity of rac- and S-tebuconazole to Daphnia magna. Chen, XF; Jiang, JZ; Liu, Y; Qi, SZ; Wang, CJ, 2015)	0.99
" It is concluded that PBK modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry of in vitro toxicity data is a promising tool to predict in vivo dose-response curves and may have the potential to define a point of departure for deriving safe exposure limits in risk assessment."	( Use of physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry of in vitro toxicity data for prediction of in vivo developmental toxicity of tebuconazole in rats. Li, H; Louisse, J; Rietjens, IM; van Ravenzwaay, B; Vervoort, J; Zhang, M, 2017)	0.65
"The study investigates toxic effects of the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) on Fusarium-infected wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants based on the morphological characteristics of root apices and changes in the integrated parameters of redox homeostasis, including the contents of free proline and products of peroxidation of proteins (carbonylated proteins, CP) and lipids (malondialdehyde, MDA) in roots."	( Toxic effects of the fungicide tebuconazole on the root system of fusarium-infected wheat plants. Menzyanova, N; Prudnikova, S; Shishatskaya, E; Thomas, S; Volova, T; Zhila, N, 2018)	1.02
" Using zebrafish as a vertebrate model, the toxic effects in liver that produced by low-toxic concentrations of tebuconazole were assessed in adult zebrafish."	( Tebuconazole induced oxidative stress related hepatotoxicity in adult and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chen, L; Coffin, S; Gui, W; Jiang, Y; Li, S; Qiao, K; Sun, Q; Zhu, G, 2020)	2.21
" Several studies demonstrated that TEB exposure has been linked to a variety of toxic effects, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reprotoxicity and carcinogenicity."	( Tebuconazole induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in HCT116 cells through ROS generation. Abid-Essefi, S; Annabi, E; Hamdi, H; Othmène, YB; Salem, IB, 2021)	2.06
" TEB and DIF mixture showed additive effect on the acute toxicity to adult zebrafish, the combined toxicity on liver was less than the additive effect of individual TEB and DIF, and TEB and DIF mixture also reduced the toxic effects on gonad and intestinal microflora."	( Histology and multi-omic profiling reveal the mixture toxicity of tebuconazole and difenoconazole in adult zebrafish. Chen, L; Jiang, J; Liu, X; Wang, L; Wu, S; Zhao, X, 2021)	0.86
" The findings demonstrated that metribuzin and tebuconazole are both potentially toxic to earthworms."	( Potential neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity induced by metribuzin and tebuconazole exposure in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) revealed by transcriptome analysis. Li, D; Li, G; Liu, X; Rao, H, 2022)	1.2
" However, its adverse effects on aquatic organisms remain unknown."	( Low trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole concentrations induce cardiac and developmental toxicity in zebrafish by regulating notch mediated-oxidative stress generation. Chen, G; Guo, C; Jia, K; Liao, X; Liu, F; Lu, H; Luo, J; Xiong, G; Zeng, J, 2022)	1.04
" Still, adverse environmental and human health effects resulting from its application have been reported."	( Recommended rates of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole seem to be environmentally safe but ineffective against target fungi. Aguiar, N; Alves, A; Gonçalves, FJM; Pereira, JL; Pereira, P; Queirós, L, 2023)	1.18

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A fast and an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction technique using a lower density extraction solvent than water was developed for the trace-level determination of tebuconazole in garlic, soil and water samples followed by capillary gas chromatography combined with nitrogen-phosphorous selective detector (GC-NPD)."	( Fast ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by capillary gas chromatography combined with nitrogen-phosphorous selective detector for the trace determination of tebuconazole in garlic, soil and water samples. Padmaja, P; Pandey, SY; Singh, SK, 2014)	0.79

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Our results imply that coingestion of IMA-contaminated food and CYP3A4- or CYP1A1-metabolizable drugs or chemicals could lead to drug bioavailability modulation or toxicological interactions, with possible adverse effects for human health."	( CYP1A1 induction and CYP3A4 inhibition by the fungicide imazalil in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells-comparison with other conazole pesticides. Dupont, I; Jassogne, C; Larondelle, Y; McAlister, D; Muller, M; Pussemier, L; Ribonnet, L; Schneider, YJ; Scippo, ML; Sergent, T; van der Heiden, E, 2009)	0.35
" The mobility of pesticides in soil, bioavailability and transfer to other environmental compartments depend on sorption and desorption kinetics and mechanisms."	( Leaching of oxadyxil and tebuconazole in Colombian soil. Aldana, M; De Prado, R; Martínez, MJ, 2011)	0.67
" Accordingly a study was conducted under laboratory conditions to know the dissipation and bioavailability of the fungicides cymoxanil and tebuconazole over time in a vineyard soil amended with two rates of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) (5% and 50% (w/w)), selected to prevent the diffuse or point pollution of soil."	( Effect of different rates of spent mushroom substrate on the dissipation and bioavailability of cymoxanil and tebuconazole in an agricultural soil. Álvarez-Martín, A; Pose-Juan, E; Rodríguez-Cruz, MS; Sánchez-Martín, MJ, 2016)	0.85
" Thus, attention should be given to these highly bioavailable flame retardants in future environmental biomonitoring and risk assessments in a post-PBDE era."	( Halogenated flame retardants in bobcats from the midwestern United States. Boyles, E; Chen, D; Nielsen, CK; Reiner, EJ; Shen, L; Tan, H; Wu, Y, 2017)	0.46
"The objective of this study is to characterize changes in the fate, behaviour and bioavailability of four conazole fungicides - CFs (prochloraz - PRO, tebuconazole - TEB, epoxiconazole - EPO, flusilazole - FLU) in 12 diverse agricultural soils in complex microcosm systems consisting of agriculturally-used fluvisols, plants (Lactuca sativa), earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and passive samplers (SPME, Empore™ discs, silicone rubber)."	( Fate and bioavailability of four conazole fungicides in twelve different arable soils - Effects of soil and pesticide properties. Bílková, Z; Hofman, J; Hvězdová, M; Neuwirthová, N; Scherr, KE; Šudoma, M; Svobodová, M, 2019)	0.71
" Excessive pesticide levels in soil can exert negative effects on soil-dwelling organisms by decreasing their bioavailability and, consequently, lowering soil quality."	( Microbiological and biochemical properties of soil polluted with a mixture of spiroxamine, tebuconazole, and triadimenol under the cultivation of Triticum aestivum L. Baćmaga, M; Kucharski, J; Wyszkowska, J, 2019)	0.73
" However, data on their environmental behaviour and bioavailability to soil organisms are surprisingly scarce."	( Ageing effect on conazole fungicide bioaccumulation in arable soils. Bílková, Z; Hofman, J; Peštálová, N; Sedláček, P; Šudoma, M, 2021)	0.62
" For low-sorbing soil variants, the bioaccumulation was also influenced by the type of biochar corresponding to its sorbing potential and the possible effect on the bioavailability of the fungicides."	( Conazole fungicides epoxiconazole and tebuconazole in biochar amended soils: Degradation and bioaccumulation in earthworms. Bielská, L; Bílková, Z; Bošković, N; Hofman, J; Ribitsch, D; Škulcová, L; Soja, G; Šudoma, M, 2021)	0.89

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Sprague-Dawley dams were administered tebuconazole (0, 6, 20, or 60 mg/kg) by oral gavage daily from gestational day 14 to postnatal day (PND)7; the pups were then dosed daily at the same levels from PND7-42."	( The effects of perinatal tebuconazole exposure on adult neurological, immunological, and reproductive function in rats. Barone, S; Chapin, RE; Davis, BJ; Harris, MW; Mauney, M; Moser, VC; Overstreet, D; Smialowicz, RJ, 2001)	0.88
" Rats were dosed with epoxiconazole (15 or 50 mg/kg bw/day) or tebuconazole (50 or 100 mg/kg bw/day) during pregnancy from gestational day (GD) 7 and continued during lactation until postnatal day (PND) 16."	( Endocrine-disrupting activities in vivo of the fungicides tebuconazole and epoxiconazole. Andeasen, HR; Axelstad, M; Boberg, J; Dalgaard, M; Hass, U; Taxvig, C; Vinggaard, AM, 2007)	0.82
" This as well as the predictability of the combination effects based on dose-additivity modelling will be studied further in a large dose-response study."	( Combined exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides impairs parturition, causes pup mortality and affects sexual differentiation in rats. Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hass, U; Jacobsen, PR; Nellemann, C, 2010)	0.36
" Pregnant and lactating rat dams were dosed with a mixture of the five pesticides at three different doses, or with the individual pesticides at one of two doses."	( Persistent developmental toxicity in rat offspring after low dose exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides. Axelstad, M; Berthelsen, LO; Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hass, U; Isling, LK; Jacobsen, PR; Mandrup, KR; Vinggaard, AM, 2012)	0.38
"To clarify the dose-response relationship between constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activity and induction of cytochrome P450 2B (CYP2B) expression and hypertrophy by triazole fungicides in mouse liver, three dose levels of cyproconazole (Cypro), tebuconazole (Teb), fluconazole (Flu), and phenobarbital (PB), a typical CYP2B inducer, were administrated in diet to male wild-type (WT) and CAR-knockout (CARKO) mice for one week."	( Dose-response involvement of constitutive androstane receptor in mouse liver hypertrophy induced by triazole fungicides. Inoue, K; Irie, K; Kodama, Y; Matsuo, S; Nishikawa, A; Ozawa, S; Takahashi, M; Tamura, K; Yoshida, M, 2013)	0.57
" In vitro concentration-response curves, however, need to be translated into in vivo dose-response curves for risk assessment purposes."	( Use of physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry of in vitro toxicity data for prediction of in vivo developmental toxicity of tebuconazole in rats. Li, H; Louisse, J; Rietjens, IM; van Ravenzwaay, B; Vervoort, J; Zhang, M, 2017)	0.65
" In vitro concentration-response data of 17β-estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA) obtained in the MCF-7/BOS proliferation assay, the U2OS ER-CALUX assay and the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay, were translated into in vivo dose-response data in rat, using a PBK model with a minimum number of in vitro and in silico determined parameter values."	( Towards a generic physiologically based kinetic model to predict in vivo uterotrophic responses in rats by reverse dosimetry of in vitro estrogenicity data. Fabian, E; Louisse, J; Rietjens, IMCM; van Ravenzwaay, B; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.48

Class	Description
monochlorobenzenes	Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.
triazoles	An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.
tertiary alcohol	A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
pregnane X receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	34.8937	0.0251	27.9203	501.1870	AID651751
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	46.5511	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.6412	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346859
SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.6412	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346859
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.3543	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	45.0802	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247; AID588515; AID743035; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.6505	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	55.1482	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.2924	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224893
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.8879	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.9085	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720692
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	69.4275	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.7325	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	59.1866	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.6391	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	48.4037	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0010	24.5048	61.6448	AID588534
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	62.3998	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID743094
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	38.0987	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	65.1483	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1224895
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	61.6448	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159528
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	0.0178	9.6374	44.6684	AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	60.3749	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.5486	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5012	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	42.7474	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	42.7474	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4915	0.0266	22.4482	66.8242	AID651802
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.5012	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase	Trypanosoma cruzi strain CL Brener	IC50 (µMol)	0.1259	0.0010	1.7070	10.0000	AID1207588
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1259	0.1259	4.2440	10.0000	AID1207588
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cytochrome P450 14alpha-demethylase	Penicillium digitatum	Kd	0.3200	0.3200	0.5925	0.9900	AID1080729
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterol	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue development	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid beta-oxidation	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
carnitine shuttle	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
carnitine metabolic process	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
response to blue light	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transport	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
oxysterol binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase activity	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
mitochondrion	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membrane	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (204)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1112463	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN11 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID416043	Ratio of ED90 for tebuconazole-adapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2 to ED90 for tebuconazole-nonadapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Treatment of a clinically relevant plant-pathogenic fungus with an agricultural azole causes cross-resistance to medical azoles and potentiates caspofungin efficacy.
AID1111321	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as reduction of germ tube length at 3 ug/ml after 22 hr relative to control	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112412	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS10 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID340949	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates from HIV infected patient before fluconazole therapy by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112440	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate SD02 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112416	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS06 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112893	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR2 to EC50 for wild type Oculimacula yallundae TriS by mycelial growth inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112430	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH06 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112258	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum M (13)8 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID416042	Ratio of ED50 for tebuconazole-adapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2 to ED50 for tebuconazole-nonadapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Treatment of a clinically relevant plant-pathogenic fungus with an agricultural azole causes cross-resistance to medical azoles and potentiates caspofungin efficacy.
AID1104825	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as AUDPC at 1 g a.i./l applied 13 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 654)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112415	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS07 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1104845	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as number of spores at 1 g a.i./l applied 4 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 44.4 x 10'3 cm'-2)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1111304	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as viable conidia at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 1 week	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112442	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN32 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112881	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR1 to EC50 for wild type Oculimacula yallundae TriS by germ tube elongation assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112403	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate R03-54 without 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID1104859	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as number of spores at 1 g a.i./l applied 48 hr post-inoculation measured after 14 days by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 43.5 x 10'3 cm'-2)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112456	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN18 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1104832	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth at 1 g a.i./l applied 4 days post-inoculation measured on after 14 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method relative to untreated-control	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID341133	Antifungal activity against sSaccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111342	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as ascospore germination at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 22 hr	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1104853	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth at 1 g a.i./l applied 48 hr post-inoculation measured after 14 days by leaf-disk method	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID416040	Fungicidal activity against tebuconazole-nonadapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2 assessed as inhibition of radial growth rate at 23 degC in darkness	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Treatment of a clinically relevant plant-pathogenic fungus with an agricultural azole causes cross-resistance to medical azoles and potentiates caspofungin efficacy.
AID1112435	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH01 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080652	Fungicidal activity against Mycosphaerella arachidis assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1112895	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae MDR to EC50 for wild type Oculimacula yallundae TriS by mycelial growth inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID340966	Antifungal activity against Rhodotorula sp. isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112871	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for prochloraz-resistant Oculimacula yallundae isolate ProR2 to EC50 for prochloraz-susceptible Oculimacula yallundae isolate ProS by germ tube elongation inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112411	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS11 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1111300	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 17 days	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112257	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum N(12)2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112455	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN19 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112429	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH07 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112422	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH16 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080731	Binding affinity to Penicillium digitatum CYP51 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells assessed as absorption spectral changes with maximum at 390 nm and trough at 420 nm (type I) by binding spectrum method	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 57, Issue:15	Determination of stereoselective interaction between enantiomers of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and Penicillium digitatum.
AID1104818	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as disease severity at 1 g a.i./l applied 13 days post-inoculation measured after 6 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method relative to untreated-control	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112879	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR2 to EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR1 by germ tube elongation assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112267	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum N(12)2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112471	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN03 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080727	Fungicidal activity against Penicillium digitatum at 26 degC after 48 hr by growth inhibition test	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 57, Issue:15	Determination of stereoselective interaction between enantiomers of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and Penicillium digitatum.
AID1111323	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as reduction of germ tube length at 0.75 ug/ml after 22 hr relative to control	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID341134	Antifungal activity against Saccharomycopsis guttulata isolates from feeding stuff by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112887	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for Oculimacula acuformis to EC50 for Oculimacula yallundae in presence of 10 g glucose by mycelial growth inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1080651	Fungicidal activity against Mycosphaerella arachidis assessed as growth inhibition at 1 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1104833	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as disease severity at 1 g a.i./l applied 4 days post-inoculation measured on day 13 during cycle 1 by leaf-disk method relative to untreated-control	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112446	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN28 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112888	Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula yallundae assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth in presence of 10 g glucose incubated at 19 degC in dark for 4 weeks	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID416044	Fungicidal activity against compound-adapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2 assessed as inhibition of radial growth rate at 30 ppm at 23 degC in darkness after 7 days	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Treatment of a clinically relevant plant-pathogenic fungus with an agricultural azole causes cross-resistance to medical azoles and potentiates caspofungin efficacy.
AID1112451	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN23 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112894	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR2 to EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR1 by mycelial growth inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112447	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN27 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080648	Fungicidal activity against Botryosphaeria berengeriana assessed as growth inhibition at 1 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1112397	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate TAG74-3 with 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID340953	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolates from feeding stuffs by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112260	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe J-3 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1104858	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as AUDPC at 1 g a.i./l applied 48 hr post-inoculation measured after 14 days by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 394)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112410	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS12 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112262	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Kat-1 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1111316	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as viable ascospore at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 1 week	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112875	Fungicidal activity against prochloraz-susceptible Oculimacula yallundae isolate ProS assessed as inhibition of germ tube elongation incubated at 19 degC in dark for 48 hr	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112424	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH14 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID340955	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei isolates from grapes and feeding stuffs by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112247	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as dieback lesion length at 32 g AI /100 L applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 3 months	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112469	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN05 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112231	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as pathogen incidence at dieback sites compound applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 1 year	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112891	Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula yallundae assessed as inhibition of germ tube elongation incubated at 19 degC in dark for 48 hr	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112890	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for Oculimacula acuformis to EC50 for Oculimacula yallundae by germ tube elongation inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1111322	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as reduction of germ tube length at 1.5 ug/ml after 22 hr relative to control	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID340958	Antifungal activity against Candida norvegensis isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112892	Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula acuformis assessed as inhibition of germ tube elongation incubated at 19 degC in dark for 48 hr	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112472	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN02 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080653	Fungicidal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as growth inhibition at 1 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1112230	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as pathogen incidence at dieback edges compound applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 1 year	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID376577	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as zone of inhibition	2000	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 63, Issue:8	A new 2D-TLC bioautography method for the discovery of novel antifungal agents To control plant pathogens.
AID1112880	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR2 to EC50 for wild type Oculimacula yallundae TriS by germ tube elongation assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112433	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH03 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112439	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate SD03 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112453	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN21 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1104817	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as disease severity at 1 g a.i./l applied 13 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method relative to untreated-control	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1111303	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as viable conidia at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 1 week	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112437	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate SD05 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1104852	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as inhibition of disease severity at 1 g a.i./l applied 48 hr post-inoculation measured after 14 days by leaf-disk method relative to control	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112229	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as non-lesion areas compound applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 1 year	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112421	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS01 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID340961	Antifungal activity against Candida albidus isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340957	Antifungal activity against Candida lambica isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112269	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe J-3 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112475	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH08 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112226	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as mean pathogen compound applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 1 year	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112431	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH05 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112448	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN26 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID416041	Fungicidal activity against tebuconazole-adapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2 assessed as inhibition of radial growth rate at 23 degC in darkness	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Treatment of a clinically relevant plant-pathogenic fungus with an agricultural azole causes cross-resistance to medical azoles and potentiates caspofungin efficacy.
AID1112425	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH13 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112265	Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila F (12)2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112417	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS05 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1111338	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as inhibition of conidia germination at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 22 hr	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1111315	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as viable ascospore at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 1 week	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1104819	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as reduction in mycelial growth at 1 g a.i./l applied 13 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method relative to untreated-control	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112461	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN13 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID340960	Antifungal activity against Candida rugosa isolates from feeding stuff by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1104824	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as number of spores at 1 g a.i./l applied 13 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 47.6 x 10'3 cm'-2)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112427	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH11 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID340952	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340954	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112434	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH02 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112259	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum G(s)-1 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112474	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH09 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112271	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Kat-1 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112462	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN12 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112454	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN20 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112449	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN25 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112256	Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Iso-2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1111296	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as ascospore germination at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 22 hr	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112457	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN17 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112468	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN06 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112426	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH12 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112268	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum G(s)-1 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1080650	Fungicidal activity against Botryosphaeria berengeriana assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1111331	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as reduction of germ tube length at 0.75 ug/ml after 22 hr relative to control	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112266	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum M (13)8 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1104836	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as disease severity at 1 g a.i./l applied 4 days post-inoculation measured immediately during cycle 1 by leaf-disk method relative to untreated-control	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112418	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS04 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112414	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS08 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112264	Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Iso-2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID340962	Antifungal activity against sCandida stellata isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111328	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as reduction of germ tube length at 3 ug/ml after 22 hr relative to control	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112467	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN07 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112877	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae MDR to EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR1 by germ tube elongation assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112404	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate R03-29 without 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID1112432	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH04 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1111299	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 7 days	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112436	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate SD06 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112441	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate SD01 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112473	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN01 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112452	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN22 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112236	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as pathogen incidence at 32 g AI /100 L applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 3 months	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112460	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN14 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112459	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN15 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1104846	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as AUDPC at 1 g a.i./l applied 4 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 2 by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 844)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID416045	Fungicidal activity against compound-nonadapted wild type Colletotrichum graminicola CgM2 assessed as inhibition of radial growth rate at 30 ppm at 23 degC in darkness after 7 days	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Treatment of a clinically relevant plant-pathogenic fungus with an agricultural azole causes cross-resistance to medical azoles and potentiates caspofungin efficacy.
AID1112885	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR1 to EC50 for wild type Oculimacula yallundae TriS by mycelial growth inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112466	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN08 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112261	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Mel-2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112444	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN30 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080658	Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID340959	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22013 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112398	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate OP7 with 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID1112878	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae MDR to EC50 for wild type Oculimacula yallundae TriS by germ tube elongation assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1111311	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as reduction of conidia production at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 2 weeks	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID340956	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112413	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS09 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080728	Fungicidal activity against Penicillium digitatum at 50 mg/l at 26 degC after 48 hr by growth inhibition test	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 57, Issue:15	Determination of stereoselective interaction between enantiomers of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and Penicillium digitatum.
AID1112428	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH10 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1080656	Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum assessed as growth inhibition at 1 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1104848	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as AUDPC at 1 g a.i./l applied 4 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 1 by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 695.6)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112263	Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Q assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112465	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN09 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112399	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate TAG1-18 with 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID1112254	Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Q assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112872	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for prochloraz-resistant Oculimacula yallundae isolate ProR1 to EC50 for prochloraz-susceptible Oculimacula yallundae isolate ProS by germ tube elongation inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112882	Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae MDR to EC50 for sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitor-resistant Oculimacula yallundae TriR1 by mycelial growth inhibition assay	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1112438	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate SD04 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1111330	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as reduction of germ tube length at 1.5 ug/ml after 22 hr relative to control	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112405	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate IPO323 without 120 bp insertion expressing wild type CYP51 assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID340964	Antifungal activity against Pichia anomala isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112443	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN31 expressing C3 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112419	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS03 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112270	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Mel-2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1080729	Binding affinity to Penicillium digitatum CYP51 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by binding spectrum method	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 57, Issue:15	Determination of stereoselective interaction between enantiomers of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and Penicillium digitatum.
AID1112255	Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila F (12)2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID340950	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates from HIV infected patient during fluconazole therapy by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1104847	Antifungal activity against Erysiphe necator biotype B assessed as number of spores at 1 g a.i./l applied 4 days post-inoculation measured after 14 days during cycle 1 by leaf-disk method (Rvb = 35.9 x 10'3 cm'-2)	2010	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 66, Issue:12	Efficacy of fungicides with various modes of action in controlling the early stages of an Erysiphe necator-induced epidemic.
AID1112423	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate AH15 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112402	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate R10-13 without 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID1112445	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN29 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1111308	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans assessed as reduction of conidia production at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 2 weeks	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112420	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate JS02 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID340951	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates from animals by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340965	Antifungal activity against sKloeckera apiculata isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112450	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-sensitive Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN24 expressing C2 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1111337	Antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa assessed as inhibition of conidia germination at 0.75 to 3 ug/ml after 22 hr	2010	Pest management science, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape).
AID1112227	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as pathogen incidence at area beyond node compound applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 1 year	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1080645	Fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporum assessed as growth inhibition at 1 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1112464	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN10 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112400	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate V18 with 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID1112401	Fungicidal activity against Zymoseptoria tritici isolate OP6 without 120 bp insertion expressing CYP51 variant with combination of L50S, S188N, I381V, deltaY459/G460 and N513K mutations assessed as fungal growth inhibition	2012	Pest management science, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.
AID1080655	Fungicidal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1112470	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN04 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID340963	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1112228	Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum infected Pinot noir grapevine assessed as pathogen incidence at closest side shoot compound applied 24 hr prior inoculation to pruning wound measured after 6 months	2012	Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5	Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1080647	Fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporum assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/mL	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of 2-arylphenyl ether-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol derivatives.
AID1112458	Antifungal activity against sithiofam-resistant Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolate HN16 expressing C1 genetic cluster assessed as reduction in fungal colony diameter after 4 days	2012	Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.
AID1112889	Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula acuformis assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth in presence of 10 g glucose incubated at 19 degC in dark for 4 weeks	2013	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
AID1159562	Trypanosoma brucei growth inhibition luminescent assay	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159558	TcCYP51 enzymatic inhibition	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159564	Intra-macrophage L. donovani assay	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159561	NIH-3T3 cytotoxicity	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159565	Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular imaging assay	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159563	HepG2 cytotoxicity assay	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159557	Trypanosoma brucei. Primary growth inhibition assay	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159560	Leishmania donovani. Primary growth inhibition assay	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
AID1159559	Trypanosoma cruzi. Primary growth inhibition assay	2015	Scientific reports, Mar-05, Volume: 5	New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5 (0.61)	18.7374
1990's	4 (0.49)	18.2507
2000's	136 (16.63)	29.6817
2010's	486 (59.41)	24.3611
2020's	187 (22.86)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (0.24%)	5.53%
Reviews	14 (1.68%)	6.00%
Case Studies	24 (2.87%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	795 (95.21%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.07	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
carbamates [no description available]	4.2	15	0	amino-acid anion
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.83	3	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.06	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
glycine [no description available]	3	4	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	8.43	6	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	2.07	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.06	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.15	1	0	imidazole
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.07	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.43	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.17	1	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.21	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.15	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.15	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	7.6	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
acetochlor acetochlor : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-phenylacetamide carrying an ethyl and a methyl group at positions 2 and 6 respectively on the benzene ring while one of the methyl hydrogens as well as the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom have been replaced by a chloro and an ethoxymethyl group respectively.	7.25	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	3.56	8	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	benzothiadiazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.03	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.52	2	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.31	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	3.54	7	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.42	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.49	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.1	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.02	1	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.53	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.73	3	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	7.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	2.08	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	3	4	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
liquid crystal polymer bromuconazole: a fungicide; structure in first source. bromuconazole : A member of the class of oxolanes carrying 1,2,4-triazol-ylmethyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituents at position 2 as well as a bromo substituent at position 4. A foliar applied conazole fungicide for a range of crops including cereals, fruit, vegetables and vines.	3.58	2	0	conazole fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organobromine compound; oxolanes; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.17	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
itraconazole [no description available]	2.44	2	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	3.45	1	1	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	3.13	5	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.21	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.52	2	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.73	3	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.71	3	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	7.48	2	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.55	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phorate Phorate: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. phosphatidylcholine O-34:2 : A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 2 double bonds.	7.02	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
propargite Omite: structure	7.1	1	0	sulfite ester; terminal acetylenic compound	sulfite ester acaricide
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.17	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	3.42	1	1	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.45	2	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.44	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
tolnaftate [no description available]	3.56	2	0	monothiocarbamic ester	antifungal drug
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.08	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.08	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.08	1	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.11	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.07	4	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	7.41	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.49	2	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.15	1	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.08	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.07	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.03	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
cordycepin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
systhane systhane: structure in first source. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexanenitrile : A nitrile that is hexanenitrile substituted at the 2-position by p-chlorophenyl and (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups.	3.56	7	0	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; triazoles
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.5	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	7.53	2	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
quintozene quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2	1	0	aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; pentachlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical
tetrahydrophthalimide tetrahydrophthalimide: captan metabolite in fruit crops	2.15	1	0
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.48	2	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.	2.15	1	0	2-halophenol; monochlorophenol
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.31	1	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.	2	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline	antifungal agrochemical
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.1	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
glycidyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.	2.25	1	0	enoate ester; epoxide
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.01	4	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.07	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2.45	2	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.03	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.15	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.78	3	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.16	5	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	7.41	1	0	1,2,4-triazole
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.79	3	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.79	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.54	2	0
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.11	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.93	3	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
ametryne ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.05	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide
chlormequat Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.	7.31	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	plant growth retardant
dichlofluanid dichlofluanid: structure. dichlofluanid : A member of the class of sulfamides that is sulfamide in which the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups, while those attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a phenyl and a [dichloro(fluoro)methyl]sulfanediyl group. A fungicide introduced in 1965 and used in the cultivation of fruit and vegetables, as well as in wood preservatives, it is no longer approved for use in the European Union.	7.44	2	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylsulfamide fungicide; sulfamides	acaricide; antifungal agrochemical
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.06	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
tetrabutyltin [no description available]	2.15	1	0
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	3.3	6	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.1	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.31	1	0	tertiary amine
dodine dodine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-dodecylguanidine acetate : An acetate salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 1-dodecylguanidine and acetic acid. It is used as a fungicide to control black spot and foliar diseases on apples, pears, peaches, nectarines and strawberries.	2	1	0	acetate salt; aliphatic nitrogen antifungal agent	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.02	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
dithianone dithianone: structure. dithianon : A naphthodithiin that is 5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dithiin which is substituted by nitrile groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a broad spectrum fungicide used to control scab, downy mildew, rust, and leaf spot in the commercial growing of grapes and other fruit, citrus, coffee, and vegetables.	2.49	2	0	dinitrile; naphthodithiin; p-quinones	antifungal agrochemical
carboxin Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.	3.18	1	0	anilide fungicide; anilide; enamide; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; secondary carboxamide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorpyrifos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	7.41	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.93	3	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	3.03	4	0	titanium group element atom
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2	1	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.17	1	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	5.23	14	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	8.03	4	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	7.06	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
tiletamine Tiletamine: Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.	2.15	1	0	aralkylamine
benomyl [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
isopropyl 4,4'-dibromobenzilate isopropyl 4,4'-dibromobenzilate: active substance in fumigant strips for mites	2.45	2	0
metribuzin metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.	7.41	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	2.08	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	4.5	21	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
triforine triforine: structure. triforine : A member of the class of N-alkylpiperazines in which the two amino groups of piperazine are replaced by 1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl groups. A fungicide active against a range of diseases including powdery mildew, scab and rust.	2.43	2	0	amide fungicide; formamides; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	allergen; antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
zolazepam Zolazepam: A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals.	2.15	1	0
procymidone procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.	3.3	6	0
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	7.47	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2.15	1	0	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
enilconazole enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group.	3.35	6	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
iprodione iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.	8.01	4	0	benzenes; dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; nematicide
ciclopirox olamine ciclopirox olamine : The ethanolamine salt of ciclopirox. A broad spectrum antigfungal agent, it also exhibits antibacterial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is used a a topical treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.	2.03	1	0
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	9.46	21	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	2.98	4	0	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	3.49	7	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
triadimenol triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazole fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	3.23	5	0	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
fenarimol fenarimol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the treatment of blackspot, mildew and rust in tomatoes, peppers and melons, but is not approved for use within the European Union.. (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-chlorophenyl group while the other is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2.44	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	4.65	25	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
triflumuron triflumuron: insect growth inhibitor	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
flutolanil flutolanil : A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3-(ispropyloxy)aniline. A fungicide used to control a range of pathogens especially Rhizoctonia spp. on rice, turf and other crops.	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; benzamides; benzanilide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
fenoxaprop ethyl Puma: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising one species, Puma concolor. It is a large, long-tailed, feline of uniform color. The names puma, cougar, and mountain lion are used interchangeably for this species. There are more than 20 subspecies.	5.68	23	0	aromatic ether
metsulfuron methyl metsulfuron methyl : A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.	2.17	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; benzoate ester; N-sulfonylurea	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
oxadixyl oxadixyl: structure given in first source. oxadixyl : An oxazolidinone that is N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxyacetamide in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl group. A systemic fungicide used to treat seeds of a variety of food crops, as well as lawns.	2.06	1	0	anilide fungicide; aromatic amide; carbohydrazide; ether; oxazolidinone	agrochemical
loceryl amorolfine: RN given refers to parent cpd. amorolfine : A member of the class of morpholines that is cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a racemic 2-methyl-3-[p-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl group. An inhibitor of the action of squalene monooxygenase, Delta(14) reductase and D7-D8 isomerase and an antifungal agent, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) for the topical treatment of fungal nail and skin infections.	2.03	1	0	morpholine antifungal drug; tertiary amino compound	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.70 (Delta(14)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
clomazone clomazone: an herbicide. clomazone : An isoxazolidinone that is 1,2-oxazolidin-3-one substituted by a 2-chlorobenzyl group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 4.	2.47	2	0	isoxazolidinone; monochlorobenzenes	agrochemical; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate: RN & structure given in first source. 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate : A carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group. A fungicide, it is used as a preservative and sapstain control chemical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.	2.17	1	0	acetylenic compound; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; organoiodine compound	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.25	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hexaconazole 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the hydrogens at position 2 of the hexyl chain are replaced by hydroxy and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups.. hexaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-hexaconazole. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union.	8.79	10	0	dichlorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazoles	chelator
divinyl benzene [no description available]	2.25	1	0	styrenes
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	8.97	380	0	1,2,3-triazole
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	4.4	2	2	imidazoles
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.44	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
prochloraz Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.	5.12	13	0	amide fungicide; aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazoles; trichlorobenzene; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
flusilazole flusilazole: structure given in first source. flusilazole : An organosilicon compound that is dimethylsilane in which the hydrogens attached to the silicon are replaced by p-fluorophenyl groups and a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a broad-sepctrum fungicide used to protect a variety of crops.	4.73	8	0	conazole fungicide; monofluorobenzenes; organosilicon compound; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.47	2	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
tetraconazole tetraconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-tetraconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of fungal infections including powdery mildew, rusts, bunt, loose smut and scab.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl group.	2.51	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; organofluorine compound; triazoles
cyproconazole cyproconazole: inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. cyproconazole : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-cyproconazole in ratio 1:1 with the enantiomeric pair (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-cyproconazole. A broad spectrum fungicide, it is used on cereals and other field crops used to control Septoria, rust, powdery mildew and other diseases.. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-2-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 2, a cyclopropyl group at position 3 and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group at position 1.	4.86	10	0	cyclopropanes; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)butanenitrile fenbuconazole: fenbuconazole is a formulant in the fungicide Enable; structure in first source. fenbuconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenbuconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, black rot and scab.. 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)butanenitrile : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-chloro-4-(3-phenylpropyl)benzene substituted at position 3 of the propyl moiety by cyano and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; triazoles
spiroxamine spiroxamine: structure in first source. spiroxamine : The spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone with 3-[ethyl(propyl)amino]propane-1,2-diol. An inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis, it is a broad spectrum agricultural fungicide used particularly against powdery mildew in the production of cereals, bananas and grapes.	8.32	6	0	dioxolane; spiroketal; tertiary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
difenoconazole difenoconazole : A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.	3.81	10	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dioxolane; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
metconazole metconazole : A member of the class of cyclopentanols carrying 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl and 4-chlorobenzyl and geminal dimethyl substituents at positions 1, 2 and 5 respectively. Used to control a range of fungal infections including alternaria, rusts, fusarium and septoria diseases.	2.82	3	0	conazole fungicide; cyclopentanols; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	9.44	6	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fludioxonil fludioxonil: structure in first source. fludioxonil : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.	8.01	4	0	benzodioxoles; nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyrroles	androgen antagonist; antifungal agrochemical; estrogen receptor agonist
fluquinconazole fluquinconazole: a component of the pesticide Vision 250 SC. fluquinconazole : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 6-fluoroquinazolin-4-one carrying additional 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively. A fungicide used to control Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Basidiomycetes spp. on cereals, beets and fruit.	2.03	1	0	conazole fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	9.8	5	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bitertanol bitertanol: a triazole fungicide; structure given in first source. bitertanol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-bitertanol in a 4:1 ratio with the enantiomeric pair (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-bitertanol. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including scab, powder mildew, rusts and blackspot. It is moderately toxic to most animal and insect species but is non-toxic to honeybees.. 1-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O-1 by a biphenyl-4-yl group.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; biphenyls; secondary alcohol; triazoles
penconazole penconazole: structure given in first source. penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group.	3.38	6	0	dichlorobenzene; triazoles
triflumizol triflumizol: structure given in first source. triflumizole : A carboxamidine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with the oxygen of the acetyl group of N-(propoxyacetyl)imidazole. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on a variety of crops.	3.55	2	0
flutriafol flutriafol: fungicide; structure in first source. flutriafol : A racemate comprising an equimolar mixture of (R)- and (S)-flutriafol. A systemic fungicide, it is used to control fungal diseases in cereal crops.. 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol : A tertiary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by an p-fluorophenyl group, the other hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, and one of the hydrogens at position 2 is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group.	8.48	7	0	monofluorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
fluazinam fluazinam: structure given in first source. fluazinam : A member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens.	7.54	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminopyridine; C-nitro compound; chloropyridine; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	allergen; antifungal agrochemical; apoptosis inducer; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pyridaben [no description available]	2.01	1	0	organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; pyridazinone	mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
chlorfenapyr chlorfenapyr: an experimental pour-on formulation, a new generation pyrethroid available to producers. chlorfenapyr : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.	2.01	1	0	hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	proacaricide; proinsecticide
lopinavir [no description available]	2.31	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
fenpropimorph [no description available]	8.84	3	0	alkylbenzene
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.	4.73	27	0
corydaline [no description available]	2.11	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	7.17	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	8.86	3	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
Prothioconazole-desthio prothioconazole-desthio: desulfurization metabolite of prothioconazole	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.17	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cupric hydroxide copper hydroxide: used as an antifungal agent	2.11	1	0	organic molecular entity
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.46	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
spirodiclofen spirodiclofen: an acaricide	7.31	1	0	dichlorobenzene; gamma-lactone; organochlorine acaricide; oxaspiro compound
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	8.14	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
2-chloro-n-(4-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)nicotinamide boscalid : A pyridinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-chloronicotinic acid with the amino group of 4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-amine. A fungicide active against a broad range of fungal pathogens including Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Sclerotinia spp. for use on a wide range of crops including fruit, vegetables and ornamentals.	3.58	2	0	anilide fungicide; biphenyls; monochlorobenzenes; pyridinecarboxamide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.21	1	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
n-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide: structure in first source. fenhexamid : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.	3.65	2	0	anilide fungicide; aromatic amide; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.72 (methylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cercosporin cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants. cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora.	2.03	1	0
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.31	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2	1	0
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	2	1	0
nivalenol nivalenol: RN given refers to 3alpha,4beta,7alpha-isomer	2.73	3	0	trichothecene
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.03	1	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.21	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.03	1	0	cyclodextrin
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.11	1	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	3.28	5	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.41	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.17	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.54	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
l 743,872 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.17	1	0	stilbene
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.21	1	0
terbinafine [no description available]	3.9	3	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]thio]acetamide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cancidas [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazol-5-yl]methylthio]-1,3,4-oxadiazole [no description available]	2.11	1	0	benzodioxoles
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	3.03	4	0	dithiocarbamic acids
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	7.15	1	0
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	3.03	4	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	3.17	5	0
thiophanate thiophanate-methyl : A member of the class of thioureas that is the dimethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2.43	2	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal agrochemical
thiophanate Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	3.02	4	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal drug
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	5.29	15	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
epoxiconazole epoxiconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole. A broad-spectrum fungicide for control of diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Epoxiconazole is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.. 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.	4.12	14	0	epoxide; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; triazoles
quinoxyfen quinoxyfen: structure in first source. quinoxyfen : A member of the class of quinolines carrying two chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 together with a 4-fluorophenoxy substituent at position 4. A fungicide used mainly to control powdery mildew in cereals.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; quinolines	antifungal agrochemical
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
dimethyldithiocarbamate Dimethyldithiocarbamate: A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.. dimethyldithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the removal of the proton from the dithiocarbamic acid moiety of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.	2	1	0	dithiocarbamate anions
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.49	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.05	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.03	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.05	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
mepyramine maleate histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent	2.17	1	0
cloprostenol Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.	2.1	1	0	prostanoid
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.41	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2.1	1	0	alkali metal atom
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	3.45	1	1	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
2-cyano-n-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide 2-cyano-N-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.54	2	0
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.49	2	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
dimethomorph dimethomorph: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (Z)-dimethomorph : An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of (2Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid with the amino group of morpholine. The agricultural fungicide dimethomorph is a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-dimethomorph; only the Z isomer has fungicidal activity.. dimethomorph : A mixture of (E)- and (Z)-dimethomorph in an unspecified ratio. It is used as a systemic fungicide used on vines, potatoes, and greenhouse crops; only the Z isomer has fungicidal activity.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; enamide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholine fungicide; tertiary carboxamide
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	7.49	2	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	2.21	1	0
kresoxim-methyl kresoxim-methyl: strobilurin analogue; an industrial fungicide. kresoxim-methyl : A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.	2.95	4	0	aromatic ether; methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; oxime O-ether	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.13	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
triphenyltin hydroxide fentin hydroxide : An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a hydroxy group. A fungicide used to control a variety of infections including blight on potatoes, leaf spot on sugar beet and alternaria blight on carrots.	2.17	1	0
polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).	2.53	2	0	chalcogen; metal atom
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	5.19	7	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
pregnanediol [no description available]	2.05	1	0
uniconazole uniconazole: structural analog of diniconazole; RN refers to ((E)-(+-))-isomer; structure given in first source. uniconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of uniconazole-P and its enantiomer, (R)-uniconazole.. (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group.	2.48	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazoles
diniconazole diniconazole: structure given in first source. diniconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diniconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including mildew, bunts and smuts.. (1E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol substituted at position 1 by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.75	3	0	dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; secondary alcohol; triazoles
metrafenone metrafenone: an industrial fungicide; structure in first source. metrafenone : A member of the class of benzophenones that is benzophenone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2, 3, and 4 and by a methyl group at position 6, while the other is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 6 by methyl, bromine, and methoxy groups, respectively. A fungicide with protectant and curative properties, it is used for the control of powdery mildew in cereals and grape vines.	3.18	1	0	aromatic ether; aryl phenyl ketone fungicide; benzophenones; organobromine compound	antifungal agrochemical
prothioconazole prothioconazole: a fungicide. prothioconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prothioconazole. A fungicide for use both as a seed treatment and foliar spray to treat a variety of diseases in cereals.. 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione substituted at position 2 by a 2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl group.	5.02	11	0	cyclopropanes; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; thiocarbonyl compound; triazoles
paclobutrazol paclobutrazol: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer. paclobutrazol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol. It acts as a plant-growth retardant and fungicide via inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis.	2.5	2	0
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.02	1	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
pymetrozine pymetrozine: an anti-feedant against aphids, whiteflies, and leaf hoppers. pymetrozine : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a (pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino group at position 4.	7.41	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; pyridines	antifeedant; environmental contaminant; TRPV channel modulator; xenobiotic
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	7.08	1	0
js399-19 phenamacril: an effective agent against several fungi species belonging to the Fusarium genus	2.21	1	0
picoxystrobin picoxystrobin: a fungicide. picoxystrobin : An enoate ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-3-methoxy-2-[2-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid. A cereal fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including brown rust, tan spot, powdery mildew and net blotch.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; organofluorine compound; pyridines	antifungal agrochemical; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	2.03	1	0	nystatins
penthiopyrad penthiopyrad: a fungicide. penthiopyrad : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.. 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)thiophen-3-amine.	3.18	1	0	aromatic amide; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; thiophenes
trifloxystrobin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; organofluorine compound; oxime O-ether	antifungal agrochemical; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.25	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.25	1	0
hevein hevein: 43-amino acid residue protein from the rubber tree; homology with thionins and WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS; not strictly a lectin since it does not act as an agglutinin but has the hevein motif characteristic of lectins;	7.25	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	3.2	5	0	glycoside
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.97	4	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
sulfoxaflor sulfoxaflor: insecticide targeting sap-feeding pests; structure in first source. sulfoxaflor : A mixture of the four diastereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres of [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (the sulfur atom and the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring). [Both E- and Z-isomers involving the S=N double bond and the cyano group exist, but they interconvert rapidly at r.t.]. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in insects, sulfoxaflor is used as an insecticide, particularly for the control of aphids.. [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide : A member of the class of pyridines that is 5-ethyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridine in which the ethyl group is substituted at position 1 by an N-cyano-S-methylsulfonimidoyl group. The insecticide sulfoxalor is a mixture of the four possible stereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres.	7.6	1	0	nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoximide
trifloxystrobin trifloxystrobin : The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes	4.5	21	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.21	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	3.14	4	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	3.56	8	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.1	1	0
ferbam ferbam: structure. ferbam : A dithiocarbamate salt that is the iron(III) salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. Formerly used as a fungicide.	2	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	7.52	2	0
t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.	7.06	1	0
ht-2 toxin HT-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin.	7.06	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.03	1	0
blasticidin s blasticidin S: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. blasticidin S : A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene.	2.21	1	0
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.81	3	0
formycin b formycin B: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.11	1	0	formycin
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.26	5	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	2.03	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.03	1
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	2.03	1
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.03	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.54	2
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	7.41	1
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.6	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.6	1
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.6	1
Carditis [description not available]	7.6	1
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.6	1
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	7.6	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.52	2
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.14	4
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.14	4
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.66	2
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.66	2
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.87	11
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.51	2
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	3.15	5
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	6.24	31
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.66	2
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.66	2
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.66	2
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.66	2
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.66	2
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.66	2
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	3.05	4
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.66	2
C gattii Infection [description not available]	2.17	1
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	2.17	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	7.17	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	3.33	6
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	2.5	2
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.11	1
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	2.11	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.11	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.47	7
Polyploid [description not available]	2.05	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.45	2
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2.02	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2.02	1
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.47	2
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	2.99	4
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	2.99	4
Hydrophobia [description not available]	2.31	1
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.41	1
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.41	1
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.41	1
Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available]	2.79	3
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available]	2.41	1
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)	2.41	1
Enterically-Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis [description not available]	2.41	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	5.77	19
Hepatitis E Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.	2.41	1
Protozoan Infections, Animal Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.	5.27	18
Feline Leukemia [description not available]	2.41	1
Avian Flu [description not available]	2.6	1
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	2.6	1
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	2.8	3
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	2.8	3
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.82	2
Asymptomatic Colonization [description not available]	2.6	1
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	2.25	1
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	2.25	1
Tick Paralysis Paralysis caused by a neurotropic toxin secreted by the salivary glands of ticks.	2.25	1
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	2.25	1
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.48	2
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	3.28	6
Sparganosis Infection of animals, including fish and man, with a developmental stage of Diphyllobothrium. This stage has recently been referred to as a plerocercoid but the name sparganum has persisted. Therefore, infection of fish or other animals with the plerocercoid larvae is sparganosis. Fish-eating mammals, including man, are the final hosts.	2.31	1
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	2.31	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.31	1
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	2.31	1
Aura [description not available]	2.31	1
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.31	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.31	1
Infections, Lentivirus [description not available]	3.89	4
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	2.15	1
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.17	1
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.17	1
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	2.17	1
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	2.17	1
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.17	1
Diathesis [description not available]	2.17	1
Bertielliasis [description not available]	2.52	2
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	2.77	3
Animal Remains [description not available]	2.17	1
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	2.17	1
Tooth Fractures Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.	2.5	2
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.48	2
Parodontosis [description not available]	2.17	1
Tooth Resorption Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)	2.5	2
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.48	2
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	2.17	1
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	2.21	1
Bacterial Conjunctivitides [description not available]	2.21	1
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	2.21	1
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.	2.21	1
Fasciitis, Necrotizing A fulminating bacterial infection of the deep layers of the skin and FASCIA. It can be caused by many different organisms, with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES being the most common.	2.21	1
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	2.21	1
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	2.21	1
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	2.21	1
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.57	2
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.57	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.21	1
Acariasis [description not available]	3.93	4
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.08	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.08	1
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	3.95	12
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.76	3
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.76	3
Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.	2.08	1
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	2.08	1
B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.1	1
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	2.46	2
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	2.98	4
Helminthiasis, Animal Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.	3.15	5
Lung Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).	2.1	1
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	2.46	2
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.1	1
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	2.1	1
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	2.1	1
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	2.1	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	2.1	1
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	2.1	1
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.1	1
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	2.11	1
Sarcocystosis Infection of the striated muscle of mammals by parasites of the genus SARCOCYSTIS. Disease symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, and paralysis are produced by sarcocystin, a toxin produced by the organism.	2.11	1
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	2.48	2
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	2.11	1
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	2.13	1
Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available]	2.13	1
Arnold-Chiari Deformity [description not available]	2.13	1
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	2.13	1
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	2.13	1
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.13	1
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.13	1
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.13	1
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.13	1
Bites [description not available]	2.15	1
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	2.13	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.13	1
Uterine Rupture A complete separation or tear in the wall of the UTERUS with or without expulsion of the FETUS. It may be due to injuries, multiple pregnancies, large fetus, previous scarring, or obstruction.	2.13	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.13	1
Co-infection [description not available]	3.46	2
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	3.04	1
Patellar Dislocation Displacement of the PATELLA from the femoral groove.	2.13	1
Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.	2.13	1
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	2.15	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	2.73	3
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.44	2
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	2.73	3
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.44	2
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.43	2
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.04	1
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.43	2
Blue Tongue [description not available]	2.04	1
Adipocere [description not available]	2.05	1
Infections, Retroviridae [description not available]	3.66	3
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	2.46	2
Retroviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.	3.66	3
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	2.05	1
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	2.05	1
Canine Distemper [description not available]	2.46	2
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.47	2
Sterility, Male [description not available]	2.05	1
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	2.05	1
AIDS, Feline [description not available]	3.38	2
Black Death [description not available]	2.74	3
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	2.74	3
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid [description not available]	2.05	1
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.05	1
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.05	1
Esophageal Hernia [description not available]	2.05	1
Molar, Fourth [description not available]	2.05	1
Infections, Poxviridae [description not available]	2.06	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.07	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.07	1
Bunostomiasis [description not available]	2.48	2
Hookworm Infections Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.	2.48	2
Infection [description not available]	2.07	1
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.07	1
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.07	1
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	2.07	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.06	1
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	2.06	1
Cancer of Parathyroid [description not available]	2.06	1
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.06	1
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	2.06	1
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.06	1
Parathyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.	2.06	1
Capillaria hepatica Infection [description not available]	2.08	1
Diphyllobothriasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Diphyllobothrium.	2.08	1
Infections, Taenia [description not available]	2.75	3
Isospora Infection [description not available]	2.08	1
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.	2.75	3
Toxocariasis Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.	2.48	2
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.07	1
Habronemiasis [description not available]	2.07	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.07	1
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	1.94	1
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	1.94	1
Borrelia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA.	2.02	1
Giant Cell Tumors Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.	2.02	1
Babesia Infection [description not available]	2.02	1
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	2.03	1
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.44	2
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.44	2
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	2.03	1
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	2.03	1
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	2.04	1
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	2.04	1
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	2.04	1
HPV Infection [description not available]	2.03	1
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.03	1
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.03	1
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	2.03	1

tebuconazole

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (103)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (47)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (19)

Molecular Functions (11)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (204)

Research

Studies (818)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 51.12

Study Types

tebuconazole

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (103)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (47)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (19)

Molecular Functions (11)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (204)

Research

Studies (818)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 51.12

Study Types

Related Drugs (270)

Related Conditions (221)